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Statement of the problem: Environmental pollution is any discharge of material or energy into water, land, or air that causes or may cause acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) detriment to the Earth's ecological balance or that lowers the quality of life. Pollutants may cause primary damage, with direct identifiable impact on the environment, or secondary damage in the form of minor perturbations in the delicate balance of the biological food web that are detectable only over long time periods. 1.1 Environmental pollution in Sylhet City: Survey data reveals that inadequate solid waste disposal services, lack of adequate public water supply, traffic congestion, water logging, air pollution and noise pollution are the main problems in the city area. The overall picture is that the city area is not neat and clean. The garbage cleaning process is not regular. The bins are not adequate to store huge amount of solid wastes generated from different sources. In this paper, safe distance from the disposal site to avoid health and odor impact of solid waste are suggested. The public water supply is not adequate to meet the demand of its inhabitants. The socio-economic condition of the northeast region of Bangladesh is different due to presence of hill tracts, tea gardens, forests, and mineral resources as well as for natural calamities. Sylhet is the major city of this region where a large number of low-income workers live in the slum areas. Landlessness, unemployment in the rural areas and facilities of the city are encouraging the migration of rural poor to the Sylhet city and making rush to the slum areas day by day. Like other cities of Bangladesh, living standard and overall environment, especially the sanitation situation in the slum areas of Sylhet city is miserable. Almost no latrines or urinals are observed here and the inhabitants often defecate at open spaces, hedges, drains and bushes. Only about 16% of the slum dwellers of Sylhet city have access to use sanitary latrines. Moreover, the water they use for drinking and other domestic purposes is far below the permissible water quality standard. As a result many kinds of diseases spread by water, soil, flies, mosquitoes, air etc. The deteriorated sanitation situation causes severe environmental degradation in Sylhet city. Obviously, the improvement of the environmental condition of Sylhet city mostly depends on the improvements of sanitation condition of the slum areas. Any initiative for the improvement of such condition needs the knowledge of the baseline situation i.e. the existing situation of basic services. This study was undertaken to assess the existing economic, socio-cultural, water supply, sanitation and healthhygiene conditions of some selected low-income areas of the Sylhet city; to identify the most suitable types of low- cost sanitary latrines for the community; to identify the constraints in installation and use of sanitary latrines and to monitor the behavioral changes as well as the health improvement after providing

some low- cost sanitary facilities with the intensive motivational work for practicing appropriate defecation systems.

The Sylhet City Corporation authority has set up only 160 concrete made bins for waste disposal in some places of the city area. About 240 tones of solid waste are produced everyday from domestic, commercial and clinical sources. Everyday City Corporation dumps about 135 tones of waste manually from main and other roads and the remaining (44%) are consumed by the city (Ahmed, 2001). Although the open or closed lorries used for solid waste disposal are not be allowed to collect garbage from the waste disposal places after dawn, they are always used during the day time, creating air pollution, odor nuisance, aesthetic problems and even sometimes traffic jams at some places. Besides these facts, some community organizations are now dumping waste in an abandoned pond near Akhalia along the main roadside, which is completely unhygienic. The solid wastes accumulated in the areas of Sylhet Cityare derived from various sources. They are 1) 2) 3) 4) 6) Household or domestic wastes derived from households and domestic holdings Commercial refuse derived from commercial offices and business holdings Institutional refuses from community holdings like schools, colleges, mosques, temples, churches, clubs, community centers, auditoriums, and community organizations Street sweepings from all kinds of streets including highways and arterial sub arterial roads Hospital wastes and 5) Sanitation residues from all types of sanitary facilities e.g. human excreta, toilet papers etc.
7) Dry excreta of cows, chicken etc.

A town of Sylhets size is normally expected to generate waste of about 0.3 kg/cap/day. On this basis the waste generated in Sylhet town is 23.5 tones per day From the present study, it was found that about 14.5% of the sampled household discards their wastes in their respective compound, while 12% used bins supplied by the Urban City. About 10.7% households throw their garbage on the roadsides. It was also found that either the Urban City or the local people improperly handle the open waste collection points. There was no house-to-house waste collection system in Sylhet. Therefore, disposal of household waste have become a breeding ground of diseases. In addition, it was observed that solid waste was

indiscriminately dumped into roads sides, open drains, leading to serious health risks and degradation of living environment for the people of town. Dumping of domestic wastes in the home and roadside arenas was found to become a potential source of pollution in the localities. In other words, garbage pollution was serious environmental concerns at Sylhet. About 63% households were found to have their own drainage system (internal) 39% households having their internal drainage systems, directly connected with Citys drainage system. In contrast, according to the majority of the respondents (63.4%) existing drainage facilities maintained by the Urban City were not satisfactory and sufficient. The most serious health threat is expected from pathogens. The corrosive and flammable nature of unprocessed solid wastes (broken glass, metal edges, chips, battery etc.) pose risk to workers and scavengers. On the other hand, the off-site nuisance and health hazards are due to the odorous

1.2 Other Types of Pollution in Sylhet City: There are different types of pollution in Sylhet city. Inadequate solid waste disposal services, lack of adequate public water supply, traffic congestion, water logging, air pollution and noise pollution are the main problems in the city area.

1.2.1 Water pollution in Sylhet City: Water pollution means contamination of surface and drinking water to the extent that thay harmful to use. Man pollute water by discharging domestic anfd industrial wastages , waste and filth, poisonus chemical and corrosives. Sylhet city, along with determination of water quality of the major sources of water supply to the city Surma River and tube wells (ground water). There are some factories in around Sylhet city, They throw their unsold product and other chemical waste into Surma river and canal that pollute water. According to Sylhet City Corporation, the city has 331 registered/licensed restaurants however, many unregistered restaurants also exist. According to a survey by Ahmed and Rahman (2000), only 15% restaurants maintain sanitary facilities, whereas unhygienic conditions that are unsafe for public health prevail in 85% of the restaurants. Although A Bangladesh Standard code of Hygiene also exists (BDS, 1975), most restaurants and similar establishments have failed to conform to the code. Direct water supply is mostly available in the old city areas, the new city areas and the city areas and the slum areas are not adequately supplied with municipal water. There is only one surface water treatment at Topkhana which is very old and its performance is enormously reduced. Among a population of about 500,000, the City

Corporation can serve only 40% of the total population with public water supply. Recently, City Corporation authority has completed installation of new pipelines and water reservoirs. The coverage will thus change significantly. Water logging is also responsible of water pollution is sylhet city. Insanitary latrines in the slum areas of city is one of the major cause of water pollution in sylhet. Water of the most of the natural canals and pound in Sylhet City are polluted by daily wastewater, this polluted water ultimately drained into Surma River and create water pollution.

1.2.2 Land pollution in Sylhet City: Land pollution is the degradation of the Earth's land surface through misuse of the soil by poor agricultural practices, mineral exploitation, industrial waste dumping, and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes. The Sylhet city is a part of Surma basin, which consists of four types of landforms such as (i) Sylhet depression, (ii) lowland flood plains (iii) alluvial fence and (iv) up-lands. The earthquake risk at any location within the City

1.2.3 Noise pollution in Sylhet City: Noise pollution has a relatively recent origin. It is a composite of sounds generated by human activities ranging from blasting stereo systems to the roar of supersonic transport jets. Noise may be generally associated with industrial society, where heavy machinery, motor vehicles, and aircraft have become everyday items. Noise pollution is more intense in the work environment than in the general environment. Noise level was measured at eleven points which were considered as silent zones and at every point the noise level exceeded the permissible value. All of the selected Schools and hospitals were located near the major roads rather than a safe distance away from the roadside. The intolerable traffic congestion of Sylhet city has become an everyday certainty and a nightmare for the city dwellers. There are several of reasons behind this problem. Effective reasons include: significant increase in population and also all types of vehicles, poor transportation and infrastructure planning, simultaneous presence of motorized and non-motorized vehicles on the same street, traffic mismanagement violation of traffic rules and regulations and other issues (political reasons, lack of

manpower, etc). SylhetCity has several types of vehicles. Income-wise theuse of different transports is as follows: Higher Income Group: Car, micro Bus and otherprivate vehicles. Middle Income Group: Rickshaw, auto rickshaw, Bicycle, Motor Cycle, Car, Bus, Minibus. Lower Income Group: Bus and Tempo. Goods Delivery: Truck, Pick up, Van, Human Driven Van.

Rickshaw is the most frequent mode of transport followed by tampo, own vehicle (motor cycle and privatecar), babi taxi, hired car and public bus. The total number of registered rickshaws in Sylhet is about 10204. But at present Sylhet has about 30000-40000rickshaws, most of which are unauthorized In Sylhet city, most of the office buildings, market place, residential area, educational institutions, and commercial areas have been developed haphazardly. In these areas, particularly at peak periods the demand for parking space often exceeds the amount of space provided. In absence of adequate parking facilities (Kadiyali, 1997) in these areas, people have to park on the roads, which ultimately narrow down the capacity and effective width of the roads to a great extent. Water logging is a very common physico-hydrological phenomenon in the city of Sylhet. Even after a minor downpour the city of Sylhet experience such disturbing water logging very frequently. The main reason of water logging in the city is attributed to the drainage congestion in the city due to unplanned structural growth. Most of the natural canals are encroached by earth filling and choked by deposition of city garbage for example a large drain just near Sandhabazar. One decade ago there were about 17 ponds in Sylhet city. These ponds used to carry a huge amount of rainwater. But now many of these have been filled for various purposes such as Dhopadighi (for the construction of Osmani Children Park), Laldighi (for the construction of Hawkers market), Masudighi (for the construction of private buildings), and Ramer dighi (for the construction of private buildings). Formerly, this canals and ponds used to carry a huge amount of surface run-off and daily wastewater and these were ultimately drained into Surma River. But now a day their effectiveness has been greatly reduced.

1.2.4 Air pollution in Sylhet City: Air pollution is the accumulation in the atmosphere of substances that, in sufficient concentrations, endanger human health or produce other measured effects on living matter and other materials. Among the major sources of pollution are power and heat generation, the burning of solid wastes, industrial processes, and, especially, transportation. The six major types of pollutants are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulates, sulfur dioxide, and photochemical oxidants. Normally air is polluted by

smoke that can be produce by vehicles, industry, fire to cock food, make bricks, melt tar for road construction. Rapid growth of traffic in Sylhet city due to urbanization causes air pollution. As Sylhet city is not an industrial area, traffic movement contribute maximum concentration to air pollution and there are very few number of bricks factory near the city. Effective reasons include: significant increase in number of vehicles, poor transportation and simultaneous presence of motorized and non-motorized vehicles on the same street, traffic mismanagement violation of traffic rules and regulations and other issues (political reasons, lack of manpower, etc) these polluting air.

1.3 Objective of the study: There are some objective of the study these are mention in below
1. To know about the environment pollution of Sylhet City. 2. To find out the major cause of environment pollution in Sylhet City.

3. To know the affect of environment pollution. 4. To find out possible way to reduce environment pollution in Sylhet City
5. To know the affect of environment pollution in the market of Sylhet city

6. To know how it creates problem for city dwellers 7. To know what is role of sylhet city corporation to sole the pollution problem

1.4 Literature review: Pollution is not a new phenomenon. In fact, pollution has been a problem since the appearance of our earliest ancestors. Increasing human populations have opened the door to more bacteria and disease. During the Middle Ages, diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever broke out all across Europe. These epidemics were directly related to unsanitary conditions caused by human and animal wastes, and garbage.

In 1347, the bacterium Yersinia pestis, carried by rats and spread by fleas, caused the "Black Death" -- an outbreak of bubonic plague. Unsanitary conditions provided the perfect environment for the deadly bacteria to flourish. By the 1800s, people began to understand that unsanitary living conditions and water contamination contributed to disease epidemics. This new awareness prompted major cities to take measures to control waste and garbage. In the mid-1850s, Chicago built the first majorsewage system in the United States to treat wastewater. Soon, many other U.S. cities followed Chicago's lead. Map of the layout of sewers in Chicago at the end of 1857. Chicago built one of the first sewage systems in the United States to treat wastewater. (Source: NOAA) Improved sanitary conditions and less disease were important factors in making cities healthier places to live, and helped encourage people to move to urban areas. As cities became more populated towards the end of the 19th century, industrialized cities across Europe and the United States were experiencing a new kind of pollution: waste from industries and factories. In 1897, a report to the Royal Commission on River Pollution detailed the gross industrial contamination of the Tawe River in Wales, noting that it was polluted by "alkali works, copper works, sulfuric acid liquid, sulfate of iron from tin-plate works, and by slag, cinders and small coal". In the United States, industrial chemicals and wastes, including sulfuric acid, soda ash, muriatic acid, limes, dyes, wood pulp, and animal byproducts from industrial mills contaminated waters in the Northeast. Water and air pollution in U.S. urban areas continued to increase well into the 20th century. The Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, Ohio, which flows into Lake Erie, became so polluted that the water erupted into flames! The first fire occurred in 1936, when a spark from a blowtorch ignited floating debris and oils. Over the next 30 years, the river caught fire several more times. The Cuyahoga River on fire in 1952. On the far left you can see firefighters battling the blaze from a bridge. (Source: NOAA) In 1969, another major fire erupted. This time, with the help of news and magazine coverage, the fire prompted the nation to take immediate action against water pollution. The public response to this event helped create the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1972), commonly called the Clean Water Act. This legislation provides money to improve sewage treatment plants (STPs) and sets limits on the things that industries and STPs can discharge into the water. The Cuyahoga River fires also provided the motivation to create the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement; establish federal and state environmental protection

agencies (Environmental Protection Agency, 2003); and pass the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which prohibits the discharge of oil into navigable rivers. Air pollution from automobiles, industrial processes, and the burning of coal in factories and in homes has also been a serious problem. In the 19th century, episodes of "smog" (a combination of smoke and fog) in cities like New York and London resulted in many deaths. Air pollution continued to be a significant problem up through the middle of the 20th century. In late October of 1948, 20 people wereasphyxiated and more than 7,000 became seriously ill as the result of severe air pollution over Donora, Pennsylvania. Eerie photograph taken at noon on Oct. 29, 1948, in Donora, PA as deadly smog enveloped the town. (Source: NOAA) Like the 1969 Cuyahoga River fire, the 1948 Donora incident led to the creation of the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955. This was the first federal attempt to control air pollution. Since then, clean air legislation has been revised and strengthened. The Clean Air Act of 1990 sets limits on the discharge of air pollutants from industrial facilities and motor vehicles, and addresses acid rain and ozone depletion. These laws have significantly reduced the amount of pollution released into the environment. Grossly contaminated water and air are much less common today than they were 50 years ago. Nevertheless, some of today's experts are concerned about the possible risks of continuous low-level exposure to pollutants, and particularly to nonpoint source pollutants.

1.6 Operational Definition: Environment: The environment is something you are very familiar with. It's everything that makes up our surroundings and affects our ability to live on the earththe air we breathe, the water that covers most of the earth's surface, the plants and animals around us, and much more. Pollution: Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural levels.

Environment pollution: Environmental pollution is defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of air, land and water. Pollution can be natural as well as man-made. The agents or substances that cause pollution are known as pollutants. In other word Environmental pollution is any discharge of material or energy into water, land, or air that causes or may cause acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) detriment to the Earth's ecological balance or that lowers the quality of life. Pollutants may cause primary damage, with direct identifiable impact on the environment, or secondary damage in the form of minor perturbations in the delicate balance of the biological food web that are detectable only over long time periods. Different Types of Pollution: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Water Pollution Thermal Pollution Land Pollution Pestiside Pollution Radiation Pollution Noise Pollution Air Pollution Sound Pollution

1.7 Importance of the study of environment pollution: One of the greatest problems that the world is facing today is that of environmental pollution, increasing with every passing year and causing grave and irreparable damage to the earth. Environmental pollution consists of five basic types of pollution, namely, air, water, soil, noise and light. Our life is closely related to environment. We live in the midst of environment. air is one of the prime elements of our environment. No life is possible without fresh and pure air. Moreover, water is one of the principle elements of our environment. It is called life. Noise pollution, soil pollution and light pollution too are the damaging the environment at an alarming rate. But nowadays all the elements of environment are becoming polluted. In order to keep our environment danger free environmental pollution must be controlled by removing illiteracy and raising public awareness. In order to build up a decent and save world we have to save our environment. People are polluted this elements by ignorance. They dont know the bad impact of this. Through the study of environment pollution people will be acquired knowledge and they will be aware to

prevent environment. Everyone can help by self education and by adopting good and healthy practices. It is also important that we help raise awareness about the significance of environmental issues, their dire consequences and what can be done. Every action or inaction of any person in regard to her or his surroundings has an effect- be it good, neutral or bad- on the environment. By becoming aware and doing the right action, we choose to be part of the solution. What comes to mind now to serve as reminder includes the following?

Stop smoking or at least follow the No Smoking sign. Keep your car properly maintained to keep it in good running condition to avoid smoke emissions Never use open fires to dispose of wastes Have a proper waste disposal system especially for toxic wastes Take very good care of your pets and their wastes. Never throw, run or drain or dispose into the water, air, or land any substance in solid, liquid or gaseous form that shall cause pollution. Do not cause loud noises and unwanted sounds to avoid noise pollution. Do not litter in public places. Anti-litter campaigns can educate the populace. Industries should monitor their air emissions regularly and take measures to ensure compliance with the prescribed emission standards. Industries should strictly follow applicable government regulations on pollution control Inorganic materials such as metals, glass and plastic, but also paper, can be reclaimed and recycled

2.1 Sources of data: To make this assignment we use both primary and secondary sources both. We collect primary data by visiting many place and asking people about the pollution in their area. Internet is the secondary sources of data. We got the valuable data about environment pollution from internet and related website. We also collected some data from repot about environment pollution in Sylhet and literature review section.

2.2 Limitation of the data Collection: To make this assignment there were some limitation of the data collection about environmental pollution in Sylhet city. One of the major limitations was unavailability of data regarding Environment pollution in Sylhet City, another one is frequent failure of electricity that hampered our work and another one was network connection was not available for all time and our all group member. We also suffer for that to make this assignment, some time necessary content were not present in the related website.

2.3 Limitation of the study: Despite of the researchers highest effort the assignment making is not free from limitation. Little or very few data was collected from our own experience and field work. We had to take help from internet. Also we dont have enough book and report about this matter and it was little difficult to collected book and report regarding this matter.

3.1 Findings: When we analysis the environment pollution in Sylhet City, by this time we found and achieving many information and important finding those are necessary to protect our environment from pollution. There was no house-to-house waste collection system in Sylhet. Disposal of household waste have become a breeding ground of diseases It was seen that solid waste was indiscriminately dumped into roads sides, open drains, leading to serious health risks and degradation of living environment for the people of town It was observed that solid waste was indiscriminately dumped into roads sides, open drains.

Air pollution and noise pollution are the main problems in the city area.

Sanitation situation in the slum areas of Sylhet city is miserable. Only about 16% of the slum dwellers of Sylhet city have access to use sanitary latrines. Improvement of the environmental condition of Sylhet city mostly depends on the improvements of sanitation condition of the slum areas. About 14.5% of the sampled household discards their wastes in their respective compound, while 12% used bins supplied by the Urban City. About 10.7% households throw their garbage on the roadsides Drainage facilities maintained by the Urban City were not satisfactory and sufficient Significant increase in population and also all types of vehicles, poor transportation and infrastructure planning, simultaneous presence of motorized and non-motorized vehicles. Drainage congestion in the city due to unplanned structural growth

Most of the natural canals are encroached by earth filling and choked by deposition of city garbage.

3.2 Recommendation: On the basis of field observations and analysis of the gathered information from the relevant studies the following recommendations may be proposed for further improvement of the environment of Sylhet City: Beneficiary participation must be ensured while taking any initiative for the development of the existing sanitation condition.

Extensive educational programs and publicity through mass media, meeting, postering, motivational lectures to the general public etc. should be undertaken to increase the awareness of the people about the health and hygiene practices and the environmental pollution.

Steps should be taken to improve water supply system in parallel with providing sanitation facilities to maintain healthy sanitary environment. Water related control measures including the increase of the use of water in quantity, improvement of water quality, restrict contact with polluted water, focus on destruction or restriction of insect breeding sites although not much in domestic water supply should be initiated.

Necessary disposal facilities of wastewater should be upgraded. Selection of type and quantity of sanitary units should be made according to the users numbers. Monitoring program should be continued for a long period to enhance the achieved improvements about sanitation in project areas.

3.3 Personal Evaluation: Pollution of Environment or environmental pollution means making the environment foul. Our environment means the surrounding of our house where we live, the surrounding of our village where we live or the surrounding of our town or city where we live. If our surrounding gets polluted we suffer from many kinds of disease and sickness. If our surrounding gets highly polluted, our life gets endangered. Sylhet city is becoming extremely crowded. The city area is endowed with educational institutes, residential areas, hotels, community centers, restaurants, banks, pharmacies, office building, health clinics,etc. but these have been developed in an unplanned way. Thisunplanned urbanization gave rise to severe environmental problems in the city area. Sylhet is located in highly seismic risk zone but most of the buildings and other structures in this area are constructed without considering earthquake riskSome emergency planning policies can be suggested for the development of Sylhet city like as area development policies which include development of new areas like Upashahar, Korer Para Housing Estate, Bagbari Housing Estate, Tilagor, Surma residential area, etc with all infrastructure service and urban facilities to reduce the pressure at urban center, accelerating the rate of development in the designated areas of urban fringe like Tilagor, Akhalia, Kadamtoli, etc., land resource optimization, gradual dispersion to satellite town like Upashahar, Khadimnagar, South Surma, etc and also infrastructure development policies like

incremental road network development, development of bypass roads to relieve the pressure on existing urban network, preservation and maintenance of the low lying lands, ponds, depressions, etc for flood retention as a means of a better solution to existing water logging situation. After that we could able to control environmental pollution and can have a pollution free environment.

3.4 Bibliography:
1. Markham, A. 1994. A Brief History of Pollution. New York: St. Martin's Press. 162 pp. 2. Markham, A. 1994. A Brief History of Pollution. New York: St. Martin's Press. 162 pp.
3. WWW.oppapers.com 4. WWW.wikipedia.com 5. www.bd news 24.com

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