SCIENCE AND ART I disagree with the statement that the function of science is to reassure ; the purpose of art

is to upset. I am of the opinion that science reassures in some aspects but upsets in many others. Art on the other hand exists for entertainment and recreation and in many other aspects, and the value of both science and art do not depend on these things. In this regard I want to cite certain facts and examples which will support my statement. Reassure someone actually means to help a person to get rid off his doubts and fears and upset is to cause discomfort. Basically the objective of science is an attempt by humans to understand nature and be able to apply this knowledge inorder to harness natures boundary. Science can be categorized into two branches, pure science and applied science. Pure science is a research into the nature of things and to discover laws which are applicable in many things .On the other hand Applied science deals with the application of these laws so that the human efficiency ,technology and conditions may improve. On one hand science can reassure and the examples in which science can reassure are stated below. Science constantly endeavors to bring about a cure of many dreadful diseases . Infact the W.H.O. has been successful in eliminating smallpox from the face of this earth. Besides that science constantly strives to find remedies for many diseases. Because of this reason science reassures people that some day or the other there is a cure for all diseases and inturn building confidence in them. And because of the improved technology ,infrastructure and medical facilities , science can indirectly increase the life span of human beings. Besides all these science is instrumental in helping people to get rid of false beliefs , fears and paranoia. Because science is empirical and it can be clearly demonstrated false beliefs can be got rid off. Due to science rapid technological development is taking place, due to which the standard of living has increased. Because of which man is able to achieve his full potential. To bolster this point recent development in space research can be taken into consideration. Now man is able to land his feet on the surface of moon, which can be considered as a tremendous effort. Because of science man is able procure advancement in all fields of life. Man is able to able to satisfy his curiosity to understand nature and its working . He is able to predict natural disasters and thus make living safe and secure. Further science, in all its applications improves the conditions of human life thus reassuring them. On the contrary , there many areas where science does exactly the opposite of reassurance , it does not reassure , it even upsets. For example take the case of the rampant disease AIDS , till date science has not found any remedy for it. Another negative aspect of science is the creation of nuclear weapons which can lead to a nuclear war that will lead to the destruction of the entire mankind. For example consider the case of Hiroshima Nagasaki incident which led to the death of thousands of people. Due to the atom bomb explosion the nuclear gas which was liberated , caused not even a single plant could grow for several years. Another example is that of natural calamities , like earth quakes, tidal waves etc. ,science has made some effort using seismographs and several other gadgetry , there is an attempt to solve but it is not perfect and that is why till date we have several natural calamities. Science cannot explain the origin of life, and what happens after death . Because of all these reasons i.e. where science is unable to reassure, several other subjects like Astrology, Palmistry, Tautomency and such occult practices have gained popularity among the people. This clearly shows that science reassures in certain cases and upsets in several others.

On the other hand , ART has a basic function of relieving stress in modern day life , art can also be for recreation , entertainment or for refinement and sophistication in life . Art can be perceived as an occasion by some people and for some it may be a hobby. Different types of art are dance, drama , music, painting, architecture etc. People listen to music to calm their nerves or to get relief from the days laborious work. Dance provides entertainment and also helps to maintain the fitness of the body. Drama provides the knowledge about the traditions and customs of the society in the present day and also in the past, and also helps to know about the moral values and ethics that are prevalent in the society and also provides entertainment too. On the contrary Art can upset if it mocks tradition . For example there are have been many plays written by many Reformists who mock tradition of current society and as a result of which can get upset, infact it upsets the balance and creates a whole new system of thinking . In olden days widows were not allowed to marry, but with renaissance these things have been given up and several improvements are there in social life . Similarly art can criticize snobbery and snob values. There are many plays which criticize snobbery as a result of which people may give up their old way of living and start up a new way . For example Melodramas are intense in their portrayal of feelings as a result of which people get greatly moved. On the whole whenever touches sensitive areas it can upset. Nevertheless it must be understood that Art has a major function in relieving stress and for creating recreation , entertainment and refinement in human population. In sum I disagree the topic the function of science is to reassure and that of art is to upset , and the value of both does not depend on these ways but depends on the basic objectives for which they exist.

ISSUES The Sentences you can use to begin,follow up and conclude your response 1.I do not wholly agree with the author that -----------------.The possibility of the authors claims being right in some situations and untrue in others renders the statement debatable.I would like to highlight several examples in support of my position and these are presented as below . 2nd para - The author states that --------. An example in support of the author can be that of ( Mahatma Gandhi ______).(elaborate on this ) other examples in support are ---------.(elaborate on the next example .Add more examples, explain them and conclude this para with the first the idea in the first statement of this para. 3 rd para -However this statement is unacceptable and downright erroneous in certain cases An example can be that of (elaborate on this ).Add more examples, explain them and conclude this para with the first the idea in the first statement of this para. COCLUDING PARA - finally the risk of accepting the authors position in total can lead to many flawed conclusions. We may tend to think that -------- is true in all cases.(explain some more reasons which expose the weaknesses in the statements logic ).Thus a detailed analysis reveals that the truth of the authors position is eventually revealed to be limited to specific cases and situations. In sum, the issue in question is entirely debatable and therefore a balanced view must be arrived at by thorough analysis.

ARGUMENT-49 In the memo written by the mayor, he concludes that the available landfill should last for considerably longer period on contrary to what the consultants predicted because of the strong commitment by the residents with respect to recycling. And the evidence provided to support the statement is that the residents over the past two years have been recycling twice as much as they did it in the previous years. The mayor also states that over 90% of the respondents said that they would do more recycling in future. The mayor also states that the recycling would increase because of the fact that the garbage picking charges will be doubled. The argument is flawed in several respects as it fails to account the other possibilities and also does not provide conclusive evidence. First of all the mayor states that the amount of recycling aver the past two years is twice as much as it were in the previous year though he does not mention the amt of garbage recycled in the previous years. It is entirely possible that the recycled garbage in the past years is very small and even if there is an increase, twice as much as it were in the previo8s years it would not matter much. Further, the mayor only speaks about the recycling of aluminum and paper. Common sense informs me that aluminum and paper are not the only garbage and may be the other garbage was not at all being recycled. The mayor suggests that over 90% of the respondents said that they would do more recycling in future. The statistics provided by the mayor are not at all clear, because the mayor did not mention the number of people on whom the survey was conducted And further more the there is no evidence regarding how many of them were actually residing in west egg. There is always a chance that the respondents were not at all the residents of west egg and ever if they were it is not apt to draw a conclusion that all the people living in west egg would have the same opinion about recycling. Further more the mayor of west egg assumes that the recycling will increase because the chare for garbage picking would increase. But, it is entirely possible that the residents might not be using the service provided by the government and may be they have their own means of dumping garbage in the land fill and it is also possible that the increase in charges is affordable by the residents in which case the residents are unaffected by the increase in charges. Finally the assumptions made by the mayor are weakened by the fact that there are several other possibilities which are equally probable. The evidence stated would be more conclusive if he had mentioned the amount of garbage that was recycled in the previous years. In sum the mayor assumptions would have been more cogent if he had mentioned the no of people on whom the survey was conducted and further specify how many of them were actually the residents of west egg. A false conclusion can be equally dangerous and there fore with out ruling out all the possibilities it is very difficult to accept the validity of mayors conclusion that the landfill would last for more years than that was predicted by the consultants. Good -well done Mayur 5 points Issue no: 15. The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus.

Politics is the art that is concerned with the smooth running of the government. Politics is never transparent, as there may be either open or hidden goals in the agenda of that political party. Even though not transparent the ultimate aim should be delivering social justice, ensuring equal rights and safeguarding the interests of the nation and its public. I partially agree with the above topic that the goal of politics should be the search for common ground and reasonable consensus. However the flip side of the coin is that consensus may have to be disregarded in favor of progressive ideas which for some reason the public either do not understand or are being misled by petty party agendas. so the fact remains that the ultimate aim of politics should be the achievement of an ideal mush more than the mere seeking of consensus. Considering a democratic government, where democracy means of the people, by the people and for the people, it is the people and their consensus that counts. Any violation caused poses a threat to the very meaning of democracy and the name democratic government might then turn out to be a misnomer. In the name of upholding democracy the government cannot afford to jeopardize the interests of the country when its people opt for measures that may eventually harm their own interests in the long term. This is true in most democracies as people can get swayed by demagogues and corrupt politicians. The consensus may be achieved but the ideals of the polity may be imperiled. this is definetly not a desirable state of affairs. The people might not know what they want and going with the consensus of the people would be a mistake that might prove to be costly. So a government should have an ideal without which its development and progress of the nation might lead nowhere. Also, considering another example of a state under the communist rulers or a dictator where the sole aim of the government is pursuing its own agenda and where public consensus is never sought , the efficiency of the regime may be seriously undermined in the long run. people may follow suit under fear of punishment but may secretly resort to subterfuge and subversive activites. In addition history tells us that most of these political systems in the blind pursuit of an ideal have failed, where the people have been deprived of their rights and needs even though the country is on the path of development. And in worst situations both the country and its people were shattered economically. So there might be a feeling that sticking to one of the options might end in a disaster and there may be a need for educating the people and achieving the consensus and then pursue the ideal. Still people may not heed, then just dump everything aside and go on with the task. So what I feel is that there should be an aim to reach the ideal what that political system sets for itself because acceptance by majority of the people simply does not mean its good. Through careful planning and administration, not to mention the application of common sense by the politicians, we can eliminate the need for a reasonable consensus. Arguments Argument no: 28 The author argues that the board is not concerned about the high quality education in arts in the local schools and its members should not be reelected. Evidence states that student

participation in the high school drama club has been declining steadily. To bolster his argument the author must provide necessary figures such as the total number of students who used to attend the drama club and the number of students who opted out of the drama club. For example assume that the drama club used to have a total of 1000 students and every year one student had left the drama club for the next ten years. Although this shows a steady decline the total number of remaining students is 990, which is quite high. So unless and until the author presents the exact figures, this evidence cannot support the authors cause. The author has said only about drama, which is just one form of art and arts contains many other activities. So only drama alone cannot represent all the arts. May be other arts are being flooded with students. So the author must also make a mention of other arts in order to make a conclusion about arts and its development. Regarding the contract of the drama director, the board might have appointed another director in place of him. The author stresses that the drama director has received many awards for his original plays. It is entirely possible that the director may be a good artist but not a good teacher. He may have the talent but is just not able to get his thought across. Getting awards in the past does not necessarily mean that he is good right now. Maybe the newly appointed director is better than him and might have even received more awards than him. So the author must provide the reasons for not renewing the contract of the drama director. The author puts forward a fact that the allowance of the athletic programs is $ 300,000. Unless the author compares this amount with that of the allowance for arts, this fact has nothing to do with the authors argument that the board members are not concerned about promoting highquality education in the arts in local schools. The author either should specify that this amount accounts for what percent of the high school budget. Perhaps arts division is receiving more money than what is given for athletic programs. For example the total budget of the high school is $300,000,000 where $300,000 is a small percent and maybe the arts section is getting a major share of the high school budget. The author also states that head football coach is now the highest paid member of the teaching staff. This again has nothing to do with the performance of the board members unless the author gives a comparative statistics involving all the teaching staff or at least the staff concerning arts. It is possible that the head football coach is the highest paid member just by a few dollars than staff who teach arts. For example the head football coach is receiving a salary of $10,000 and the arts staff maybe getting around $9,800. The difference between the two salaries is very little and can be neglected. So evidence pointed out does not support the authors argument. All the above arguments accumulate against the author. So unless and until the author gives explicit details about the actions of the board members and their consequences, it is not possible to assume that the board members of the town school are not concerned about promoting high-quality education in the arts in local schools. And therefore we cannot conclude that the members should not be reelected as argued by the author. ISSUE-HEMANTH " Both the development of technological tools and to which humanity has put them have created modern civilisations in which loneliness is ever increasing."

RESPONSE: I disagree with the author that the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing. There are many examples which support my contention. Before deliberating on the core of the topic, we need to understand how humanity has used the development of technological tools. Technology is intended to upgrade the quality of life as also reduce stress of work on the man power. Right from the invention of fire, man tried to make his life easier by upgrading his technological tools and by using them in his day to day work. The period of renaissance helped man to come out of the medieval ages and look towards science for the overall development. That was the period which can be called a golden period of development of technologial tools. The invention of printing press by Guttenburg was an invention which revolutionized the information exchange. Industrial revolution has redefined the production capacity and it was a sure sign of the advent of the machine age in which major work was carried out by machines.Slowly, major technological developments such as electric bulb by Edison , telephone by Graham Bell , television by J.L.Baird , computers and many other advancements which are can be called watersheds in the history of human development have originated. These developments were all intended to decrease the work load on man and make him happier than he ever was in his history. Whether these developments increased loneliness of man or decreased his lonelines? This is the gist we have to break into. Let me take a common example of the work in a chemical industry.If suppose, the industry is primitive in technology where manual labour is required. The stress on any worker or a manager who has to oversee all the work can only be imagined because, there is a greater scope for human errors. In such a heavy stress work , does he not become lonely or tired. If for instance, industry upgrades its technology, the load or stress decreases and might bring some cheer to the lonely guy. Now, in this modern era, there is a need for team work than it ever was at any time. This requires people to be communicative and amiable with their colleagues. This may throw the loneliness away. However, there are some examples where due to the development of technological tools, man is finding himself lonely. In the modern era, people are required to work for longer hours to sustain themselves. People when they come home become weary and feel lonely. This is precisely the reason, why people are conducting workshops to reduce their mental stresses and to overcome the feeling of loneliness. I call it the feeling of loneliness because, it depicts the mental state of the person. If the same person thinks that the world outside is cheerful and friendly, he can always overcome the FEELING of loneliness. Hence,I think that the matter is only psychological rather than a direct effect of technological development. Hence, I disagree with the author that the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing.