Significance Question DO NOT SIMPLY GIVE LITERAL MEANING.

. A line is SIGNIFICANT if it contributes to or reveals: o Theme o Character o Conflict o Plot o Setting, mood or atmosphere o ALWAYS CONECT TO ONE OF THESE (^) Steps to answer: o Start with thesis (answer question in 1 or 2 sentances this line means. it is an example of. it connects..) o Identify the literary device used in the line (metaphor, simile, personification, symbolism, imagery, irony, etc.) this line is a metaphor for how the Lady of shallot sees the world. o Explain the metaphor (or simile, or etc) the simile represents o Tie it together and confirm why it is SIGNIFCANT.

Coherence Question | T R P P S | Transition words/phrasesi Repetition of key term/phrase Pronoun reference Parallel structure Synonyms

EXAMPLES OF TRANSITIONAL TERMS: contrast: but, however, yet, unfortunately, in contrast to, although, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, in spite of, comparison: similarly, likewise, in a similar fashion explanation: for example. in other words, for instance, that is, incidentally, of course, in fact, indeed, in essence, that is to say, in brief time: now, again, first (second etc). finally, when, afterwords, next, then, while additions: in addition, moreover, furthermore, besides, also, next place: behind, between, opposite, within cause and effect: so, hence, unless, accordingly, as a result, because, since, therefore summarizing: after all, in any case, in conclusion, on a whole, in summary, to sum up sequence: at first, to being with, afterward, next, soon, lastly

Unseen Essay Qs

Possible Qs What technique is used in the intro? Is it effective? What is the purpose? o What is it trying to achieve? Message, persuasion? Etc What is the tone? o A writer's attitude toward subject, audience, and self. o Tone is primarily conveyed through diction, point of view, syntax, and level of formality. o Can be achieved through visuals by colour, medium etc Who is the intended audience? o the audience is the group/person that the author is writing to. When we speak about audience we are looking at: subject matter diction sentence structure (General audience, semi-mature & mature audiences) What is the theme? From what POV is this essay written? Why is the title effective? Does the title help the piece? Does it get the general gist? What is the thesis statement? Type of essays: Narrative o tells a story o allows reader to figure out meaning Expository o explains and presents information on a topic Argumentative: (reasoned explanation using writers position on topic Persuasive: (argumentative essay which includes a call to action. Appeals to emotion. Designed to change peoples ideas or action. o METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT (m.c.) Example/illustration examples/a story/an analogue are used to make a point, prove a thesis. Classification/Division sorting/ and arranging ideas, items and concepts into

categories/groups due to similar qualities. Division involves breaking a subject or idea into its components. Cause and Effect Cause is considered the reason behind a situation and the effect is what happens because of the cause. Process analysis you write to explain how to do something or how something works. (ex. How To: Bake Cookies) Comparison and Contrast Shows similarities and differences. Two techniques for organizing are block method and side-byside method.

Description o Describes a person, place, or thing

Poetry

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Types of poetry - Free verse o Does not follow a set rhythm - Sonnet o A 14 line poem, follow a set ryme scheme and rhythm - Ballad o A narrative poem with a song-like form. Most usually tells a love story, historical event, or a heroic tale - Lyric o A poem that expresses intense personal thoughts, moods or emotions - Haiku o A 17 syllable poem set out in 3 lines; 5, 7, 5. - Concrete o A poem whose shape or visual appearance contributes to its meaning (ex: if the lines of the poem are used to form the shape of a happy face) - Epigram o short poem with witty turn of thought - Elegy o In literature, an elegy is a mournful, melancholic or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead. - Ode o a lyrical verse written in praise of, or dedicated to someone or something which captures the poet's interest or serves as an inspiration for the ode.

Figurative Language Often Used - Simile o A comparison between two unlike things using like or as - Metaphor o A comparison between two unlike things WITHOUT using like or as. - Personification

o Human qualities are attributed to inanimate objects Apostrophe: o Animate or inanimate objects were addressed as if they were present or alive Hyperbole: o An over exaggeration to show intensity of feeling (ex: I died of embarrassment) Oxymoron o A figure of speech that combines two usually contradictory terms (ex: jumbo shrimp)

Visual Qs

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Balance the way shapes are arranged. (if they are balanced: feeling of order and harmony. If they are not it creates tension) Colour made up of hue or tint, intensity and value. Used to represent things the way they are, but also to create feeling. o hue (colour, ex; blue) o intensity (purity/strength of a colour, ex; dull) o value (lightness or dark) Composition The bringing together of parts or elements to form a whole; the structure, organization or total form of a work of art. Contrast The perceptual effect of the proximity of different colours; to compare as to point out the differences, set off against one another. Emphasis drawing attention to something by use of colour, size or placement Focal point the main element or area of interest, of a composition; what your eye is drawn to. Line the basic unit of any image that has both length and direction. o straight lines often suggest order. o jagged lines can suggest power, fear, or confusion. o curved lines suggestion motion or softness o diagonal lines suggest motion or tension Message any thought, idea, or information, whether expressed in plain or secret language Mood is the atmosphere or feeling created by a literary work Perspective a system for creating an illusion of depth or three dimensional space on a two dimensional surface. Proportion

the comparative size relationship of parts to a whole and to one another

Scale the size or apparent size of an object seen in relation to other objects, people or its environment. Tone expresses the authors attitude toward his or her subject.

Terms

colloquialism a word, phrase, or paralanguage that is employed in conversational or informal language but not in formal speech or formal writing. Colloquialisms include words (such as y'all, gonna, and wanna), phrases (such as old as the hills, raining cats and dogs, and dead as a doornail) euphemism is a generally harmless word, name, or phrase that substitutes an offensive or suggestive one. Generally takes the place of a bad word. (ie: in star trek they use the word frak instead of f*ck) temporal of or relating to time euphony Agreeableness of sound; pleasing effect to the ear, especially a pleasant sounding or harmonious combination or succession of words: the majestic euphony of Milton's poetry. Blending together harmoniously. cacophony A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds: "a cacophony of deafening alarm bells"; "a cacophony of architectural styles". juxtaposition Putting two opposite things together to create contrast and show their differences. Often forced together to make the reader see a contrast between the two ideas. abstract imagery concepts that do not appeal to senses concrete imagery appeals to our senses onomatopoeia the use of words that suggest the sound it makes (buzz, pop, hiss) alliteration repetition of first consonant letter or words (she sells seashells by the sea shore) connotation

the range of further meanings that a word or phrase suggests in addition to the literal dictionary meaning. (sort of think synonyms) denotation the literal meaning of a word. What you would find in a dictionary. allusion an indirect or passing reference to some event, person, place, or work. Usually a famous historic or literary work/event. assonance the repetition of vowel sounds in a series of words to add a musical effect. (ex. lonely patience in a barron hole) consonance the repetition of consonant sounds in a series of words to create a musical effect

Sentence Structure (usually 1 or 2 on an exam grammar mark)

Simple Sentences

A simple sentence contains only one clause. A simple sentence may consist of only one word, such as "Go!" A simple sentence can also be longer in length, such as, "Mary went to the store to buy her mother cough medicine." Most people speak in simple sentences when talking to others.

Compound Sentences

A compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses, along with a conjunction, such as "but" or "and." The following examples are compound sentences: "I asked her to go to the movies, but she already had plans." "Sarah came to my house, and I showed her my new necklace."

Complex Sentences

A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. The following is an example of a complex sentence: "While I like her new haircut, I prefer her hair longer." The word "while" is a clue that the opening clause is dependent on the second part of the sentence.

Compound-Complex Sentences

A compound-complex sentence consists of at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses. The following is an example of a compoundcomplex sentence: "My mother is strict about my grades in school, and my dad is more understanding when I receive a bad grade." The dependent clause, "when I receive a bad grade," occurs within the second independent clause.

Essay
Minor character helps develop major character (August 2009) Show how character developed insight through experience (june 2009) Challenging situations develop characters (august 2008) Major character is developed through his/her interactions with others (august 2007) Antigone Minor: Haemon Major: Creon Antigone Start out the play, creons a major buttface. He assumes control over the entire city after the twins are dead. Both had killed each other, but Creon makes the ruling that only one shall have a proper burial, the other must be left alone. He therein tells everyone that if they disobey him, they shall be killed. Antigone, sister of the dead former rulers, buries the one whom Creon has deemed unworthy. Creon sends her to be kept in a stone tomb to die. Even though everyone hates him for it. [people of thebes, since when do I listen to the people of thebes?] He also ignores the pleas of his son, stating that he knows best, its all good. Teirisus warns him, tells him that what hes doing is horrible and will come back only to bite him. He hears from one of the guards that Haemon has killed himself, in result of seeing his betrothed dead. CitR Minor: phoebe Major: Holden CitR Holden- talk about every experience and how it helped him gain insight. -meeting with teacher before he left -the prostitute - (see lit chart)

McB Talk about Macbeth himself, how everything he did ended up destroying everything he cared about. Strong reference at conclusion to his discussions with Macduff, how everything he had was lost, and how even the very thing he thought would save him was a lie

Creons wife is also dead. this entire situation was brought on by all his ill choices. Had he listened to others, had he not fallen victim to his fatal flaw, he would have been completely able to avoid the tragedy he must live with. Every bit of experience he gained, he realised, all too late, he was also gaining knowledge to how horrible things could turn out for him. (relate back to every ill choice, back up with examples to how this, in the end, turned sourgiving insight to the character). Review past essays Character developed through theme (june 2007) Explain how a major character gets into conflict with society because of their goals?(june 2006) explain how characters come into difficulty when desires come in conflict with responsibilities (june 2007) Done 1000000 times this year. Macbeth Easy peesy- talk about how the witches convinced Macbeth that his destiny was bright and filled with power. How he destroyed everything in his path to get there. Ended up losing everything. CitR His goal is to not be a phony- to not become something he sees as fake. He will do anything to preserve that. Society expects Holden to grow up, get a job, do good things. He is unable to, he is a child, a lost one at that.

CATCHER IN THE RYE (http://www.litcharts.com/files/pdf/printer/thecatcherintheryeLitChart.pdf)

MACBETH (http://www.litcharts.com/files/pdf/printer/macbeth-LitChart.pdf)

ANTIGONE (http://www.litcharts.com/files/pdf/printer/antigone-LitChart.pdf)

How essay is scored on exams