1) What is Wi-Fi?

Wi-Fi stands for "wireless fidelity". It is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly over a computer network. The term Wi-Fi, first used commercially in August 1999. Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. Wi-Fi is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards and is primarily a local area networking (LAN) technology designed to provide in-building broadband coverage. Wi-Fi interfaces are now also being built into a variety of devices, including personal data assistants (PDAs), cordless phones, and cellular phones, cameras, and media players. The WiFi standards define a fixed channel bandwidth of 25 MHz for 802.11b and 20 MHz for either 802.11a or g networks. There are three most important items which makes Wi-Fi working in your laptop or desktop. These are:

Radio Signals Wi-Fi Card which fits in your laptop or computer. Hotspots which create Wi-Fi Network.

Radio Signals: Radio Signals are the keys which make Wi-Fi networking possible. These radio signals transmitted from Wi-Fi antennas are picked up by Wi-Fi receivers such as computers and cell phones that are equipped with Wi-Fi cards. Whenever a computer receives any of the signals within the range of a Wi-Fi network which is usually 300 - 500 feet for antennas, the Wi-Fi card will read the signals and thus create an internet connection between the user and the network without the use of a cord. Access points which consist of antennas and routers are the main source which transmit and receive radio waves.

Wi-Fi Cards: Wi-Fi card as being an invisible cord that connects your computer to the antenna for a direct connection to the internet. Wi-Fi cards can be external or internal, meaning that if a Wi-Fi card is not installed in your computer, you may purchase a USB antenna attachment and have it externally connect to your USB port, or have an antenna-equipped expansion card installed directly to the computer. Wi-Fi Hotspots: A Wi-Fi hotspot is created by installing an access point to an internet connection. The access point transmits a wireless signal over a short distance, typically covering around 300 feet. Most hotspots are located in places that are readily accessible to the public, like airports, coffee shops, hotels, book stores and campus environments. Hotspots are increasingly developing around the world.

2) What is WIMAX?
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless communications

standard designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates. WiMAX is one of the hottest broadband wireless technologies around today. WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16, that is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations. WiMAX is Based on Wireless MAN technology. WiMAX is similar to the wireless standard known as Wi-Fi, but on a much larger scale and at faster speeds. WiMAX is a wireless broadband solution that offers a rich set of features with a lot of flexibility in terms of deployment options. (a) Two Type of Services: WiMAX can provide two forms of wireless service:

Non-line-of-sight: service is a Wi-Fi sort of service. Here a small antenna on your computer connects to the WiMAX tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range -- 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to Wi-Fi). Line-of-sight: service, where a fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from a rooftop or pole. The line-of-sight connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send a lot of data with fewer errors. Line-of-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz.

COMPARISON BETWEEN WI-FI AND WIMAX (1) IEEE Standards: Wi-Fi is based on IEEE 802.11 standard where as WiMAX is based on IEEE 802.16. However both are IEEE standards. (2) Range: Wi-Fi typically provides local network access for around a few hundred feet with speeds of up to 54 Mbps, a single WiMAX antenna is expected to have a range of up to 40 miles with speeds of 70 Mbps or more. As such, WiMAX can bring the underlying Internet connection needed to service local Wi-Fi networks. (3) Bit rate: Wi-Fi works at 2.7 bps/Hz and can peak up to 54 Mbps in 20 MHz channel. WiMAX works at 5 bps/Hz and can peak up to 100 Mbps in a 20 MHz channel. (4) Quality of Service: Wi-Fi does not guarantee any QoS but WiMax will provide your several level of QoS. As such, WiMAX can bring the underlying Internet connection needed to service local Wi-Fi networks. Wi-Fi does not provide ubiquitous broadband while WiMAX does.

WiMAX - Building Blocks

A WiMAX system consists of two major parts:

A WiMAX base station. A WiMAX receiver.

WiMAX Base Station:

A WiMAX base station consists of indoor electronics and a WiMAX tower similar in concept to a cell-phone tower. A WiMAX base station can provide coverage to a very large area up to a radius of 6 miles. Any wireless device within the coverage area would be able to access the Internet. The WiMAX base stations would use the MAC layer defined in the standard . a common interface that makes the networks interoperable and would allocate uplink and downlink bandwidth to subscribers according to their needs, on an essentially real-time basis. Each base station provides wireless coverage over an area called a cell. Theoretically, the maximum radius of a cell is 50 km or 30 miles however, practical considerations limit it to about 10 km or 6 miles.

WiMAX Receiver:
A WiMAX receiver may have a separate antenna or could be a stand-alone box or a PCMCIA card sitting in your laptop or computer or any other device. This is also referred as customer premise equipment (CPE). WiMAX base station is similar to accessing a wireless access point in a WiFi network, but the coverage is greater.

WiMAX - Mobility Support

WiMAX envisions four mobility-related usage scenarios :

Nomadic: The user is allowed to take a fixed subscriber station and reconnect from a different point of attachment. Portable: Nomadic access is provided to a portable device, such as a PC card, with expectation of a best-effort handover. Simple mobility: The subscriber may move at speeds up to 60 kmph with brief interruptions (less than 1 sec) during handoff. Full mobility: Up to 120 kmph mobility and seamless handoff (less than 50 ms latency and < 1% packet loss) is supported.