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T e c h n i c a l Memorandum ST 0 4 0 1
Julv 2 0 0 4
-
NAL TM ST 0401
Abstract
In the present work, a generalized finite element procedure is formulated to model the
multifunctional piezoelectric marerials in a sandwich construction. A nine noded deep
shell element is developed using Firsf Order Shear Deformation Theoty (FSDT) to
analyze the smart sandwich plate and shell structures. The element has five mechanical
and four electrical degrees of freedom to represent strain field and electric field,
respectively. A three-dimensional Jucobean matrix, along with an appropriate mapping
function is adopted to relate the local and global coordinate systems. The non-
homogenous honeycomb core is idealized as a homogenous orthotropic solid lamina
using homogenization approach. The entire sandwich cross-section is then modeled as a
single layer and the laminate properties are appropriately included. Numerical studies are
subsequently carried out to validate the developed element for its capability to analyze the
laminated plates and shells.
As there are very limited analytical solutions available for sandwich structures,
experiments are conducted to validate the developed finite element procedure. Two types
of sandwich specimens are fabricated for the experimental studies. The first type is with
honeycomb core, where the homogenization approach is validated. And the second set of
specimens is made with foam material as core. Specimens are also fabricated with
different core to face thickness ratios. Further, the element’s potential to model the
electro-mechanical coupling is studied numerically for beam, plate and shell structures.
1
< 0204
0 00
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Normalired dtritance
-0.035-
49
0 00
-0 01
-0 02
,- -003
E
3E - 004
-
g -00s
-006
m
$ -007
Y
$ -008
- -0 09
i
-0 10
Normaiised distance
Aluminium
(0 Wlrnthick)
X,
Y
t: 0.1 m
4
Figure 35 Piezoelectric segmented Aluminium beam
E
3 001
c
J
4
c 005
004
003/ , , , \
0 02
0 01
0 00
0.00 001 002 003 004 005 006 001 008 009 , 10
Distance Xs(m)
Figure 36 Transverse tip displacements piezoelectric Aluminium beam for various positions
of PZT for an applied voltage of 1 OV
52
0.002-
Figure 38 Centerline tip deflection of a cantilever shallow cylindrical shell against its radius
of curvature
Steel 210.0
Aluminium
PZT
I”
00 01 O? 01 04 05 06 07 08 09 0
N o m l i s e d distance
OWO-
Figure 40 Deflection of a cantilever steel cylindrical shell against its radius of curvature
54
6.0 Conclusions
The present work addresses the development of a generalized finite element procedure to
model the piezoelectric materials in a sandwich construction. A nine noded deep shell
element is formulated using First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) to capture the
behaviour of smart sandwich shell structures. The non-homogenous honeycomb core is
idealized as a homogenous orthotropic solid lamina using homogenization approach, such
that it can be considered as another lamina in a layered configuration. Numerical analyses are
carried out to validate the developed element for its capability to analyse the laminated
piezoelectric plates and shells. Experiments are conducted to verify the developed element’s
potential to predict the dynamics of sandwich structures.
The present model has made the sandwich structural analysis simple and efficient. In
addition, the developed numerical procedure also helps to design and analyse smart sandwich
structures for light weight structural applications with improved performance.
55
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LABORATORIES