Chemistry Questions

1. For the reaction Cl2 (g) + 2 NO(g) 2NOCl(g) The rate law is expressed as rate = K[Cl2] [NO]2 (1) 2. Define the activation energy of reaction. (2) -1 3. Calculate the half-life of a first order reaction whose rate constants is 200 S . (2) 4. The decomposition of NH3 on platinum surface, 2NH3 (g) N2(g) + 3H2(g) is a zero order reaction with K=2.5 x 10-4 Ms-1. What are the rates of production of N2 and H2? (3) 5. Nitric oxide reacts with hydrogen to give nitrogen and water 2NO + 2H2 N2 + 2H2O The kinetics of this reaction is explained by the following steps: (i) 2NO + H2 N2 + H2O2 (slow) (ii) H2O2 + H2 2H2O (fast) What is the predicted rate law? (2)

6. A first order reaction is 15% complete in 20 minutes. How long it will take to be 60% complete? (2) 7. Express the rate of the following reaction in terms of the disappearance hydrogen in the reaction : 3H2 (g) + N2 (g) 2NH3 (g) (1) 8. The first order constant for the decomposition of ethyl iodide by the reaction : C2H5I (g) C2H4 (g) + HI (g) at 600 K is 1.60 x 10-5 S-1. Its energy of activation is 209 kJ/mol. Calculate the rate constant of the reaction at 700 K. (2) 9. The rate constant for the first order reaction is 60s-1. How much time will it take to reduce the concentration of the reactant to 1/10th of its initial value? (3) 10. The reaction A + 2B C obeys the rate equation, Rate = K [A] 1/2 [B] 3/2 What is the order of reaction? (1) 11. A first order decomposition reaction takes 40 minutes for 30% decomposition. Calculate its t1/2 value? (2) 12. What is meant by the rate constant, K of a reaction? If the concentration be expressed in mol/L units and time in seconds, what would be the unit for k (i) for a zero order reaction and (ii) for a first order reaction? (2) 13. (a) Derive the general form of the expression for the half-life of first order reaction. (b) The decomposition of NH3 on platinum surface is a zero order reaction. What are the rates of productions of N2 and H2 if k=2.5 x 10-4 mol-1Ls-1? (2+3) 14. (a) List the factors on which the rate of a chemical reaction depends. (b) The half-life for decay of radioactive 14C is 5370 years. An archaeological artefact containing wood has only 80% of the 14C activity as found in living trees. Calculate the afe of the artefact. (2+3) 15. The decomposition of phosphine,

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4PH3 (g) P4 (g) + 6H2 (g), has the rate law, k=[PH3]. The rate constant is 6.0 x 10-4 S-1 at 300k and activation energy is 3.05 x 105 J/mol. Calculate of the rate constant at 310 K. [given: R= 8.314 J/K/mol] (3) For a chemical reaction, what is the effect of catalyst on the following : (i) Activation energy of the reaction. (ii) Rate constant of the reaction. (2) The data given below is for the reaction, 2N2O5 (g) 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g) at 298 K : S. No. [N2O5] (mol/L) Rate of disappearance of N2O5 (mol/L/min) 1. 1.13 x 10-2 34 x 10-5 -2 2. 0.84 x 10 25 x 10-5 3. 0.62 x 10-2 18 x 10-5 Determine for this reaction: (i) Order of reaction (ii) Rate constant (iii) Rate law (3) A reaction of second order with respect to a reactant. How will the rate of reaction be affected if the concentration of this reactant is (i) doubled, (ii) reduced to half? (2) -1 A first order reaction has a rate constant of 0.0051 min . If we begin with 0.10 M concentration of the reactant, what concentration of reactant will remain in solution after 3 hours? (3) For a decomposition reaction the values of rate constant k at two different temperatures are given below: K1= 2.15 x 10-8 L/mol-1s-1 at 600 K K2=2.39 x 10-7 L/mol-1s-1 at 700 K Calculate the value of activation energy for this reaction. (R=8.314 J/K/mol) (3) Why does the rate of a reaction not remain constant throughout the reaction process? (1) Explain the term order of reaction. Derive the unit for first order rate constant. (2) Show that for a first order reaction, the time required for half the change (half-life period) is independent of initial concentration. (2) 4 The half-life for a first order reaction is 5 x 10 s. What percentage of the initial reactant will react in 2 hours? Calculate. (3) A first order reaction is 20% complete in 5 minutes. Calculate the time taken for the reaction to be 60% complete. (3) (a) explain the following terms: (i) Rate of reaction. (ii) Activation energy of a reaction. (b) The decomposition of phosphine, PH3, proceeds according to the following equation: 4PH3 (g) P4 (g) + 6H2(g)

It is found that the reaction follows the following rate equation: Rate= K[PH3] The half-life of PH3 is 37.9 s at 1200C.

(i) How much time is required for 3/4th of PH3 to decompose? (ii) What fraction of the original sample of PH3 remains behind after 1 minute? 27. (a) explain the following terms: (i) Order of a reaction (ii) Molecularity of a reaction

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(b) the rate of reaction increases 4 times when the temperature changes from 300 K to 320 K. Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction, assuming that it does not change with temperature. (R= 8.314 J/K/mol) (5) 28. (a) What is the effect of a change in temperature on the rate constant of a reaction? How can this temperature effect on rate constant be represented quantitively? (b) The decomposition of a compound is found to follow a first order rate law. If it takes 15 minutes for 20% of original material to react, calculate (i) the rate constant, (ii) the time at which 10% of the original material remains unreacted. (5) 29. (a) Discuss the effect of any four factors which affect the rate of chemical reaction. (b) the following result have been obtained during the kinetic studies of the reaction : 2A + B C + D Experiment no. [A] [B] Initial rate of formation of D 6.0 x 10-2 M min-1 7.2 x 10-2 M min-1 2.88 x 10-2 M min-1 2.40 x 10-2 M min-1 (5)

1 0.1 M 0.1 M 2 0.3 M 0.2 M 3 0.3 M 0.3 M 4 0.4 M 0.1 M Deter mine the rate law and the rate constant for the reaction.

30. (a) explain the difference between the average rate and instantaneous rate of a chemical reaction. (b) In the pseudo first order hydrolysis of ester in water, the following results are obtained: T in seconds 0 30 60 90 [Ester] M 0.55 0.31 0.17 0.085 (i) Calculate the average rate relation between the time intervals 30 to 60 seconds. (ii) Calculate the pseudo first order rate constant for the hydrolysis of ester water.

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31. The activation energy for the reaction: 2HI (g) H2 (g) + I2 (g) is 209.5 kJ/mol at 581 K. Calculate the fraction of molecules having energy equal to or greater than activation energy. 32. Distinguish between rate expression and rate constant of a reaction. 33. Explain the terms: (i) Rate determining step of a reaction, (ii) Molecularity of a reaction. (2)

34. In a first order reaction, the concentration of the reactant is reduced from 0.6 mol/L to 0.2 mol/L in 5 minutes. Calculate the rate constant of the reaction. (2) 35. Identify the reaction order form the following rate constant: k= 2.3 x 10-5 mol-1 s-1. (1)

36. A reactant has a half-life of 10 minutes. (i) Calculate the rate constant for the first order reaction. (ii) What fraction of the reactant will be left after an hour of the reaction has occurred? 37. List two main differences b/w order of a reaction and Molecularity of a reaction. 38. identify, giving reasons, the reaction order from each of the following rate constants : (i) k= 2.3 x 10-5 L/mol/sec. (ii) k= 3 x 10-4 sec-1 (2) (2) (1)

39. The rate of most reactions becomes double when their temperature is raised from 298 K to 308 K. Calculate their activation energy. (R = 8.314 J/mol/K) (2) 40. A reaction is of second order with respect to a reactant. How is the rate of reaction affected if concentration of the reactant is reduced to half? What is the unit of rate constant for such a reaction? 41. What do you understand by the rate law and rate constant of a reaction? Identify the prder of a reaction if the unit of its rate constant are: (i) L-1 mol s-1 (ii) L mol s-1 (2)

42. The thermal decomposition of HCO2H is a first order reaction with a rate constant of 2.4 x 10-1 s-1 at a certain temperature. Calculate how long will it take for three-fourths of initial quantity of HCO2H to decompose. (log 0.25 = - 0.6021). 43. Nitrogen pentaoxide decomposes according to equation: 2N2O5 (g) 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g). This first order reaction was allowed to proceed at 400C and the data below were collected :

[N2O5] (M) Time (minute) 0.400 0.00 0.289 20.0 0.209 40.0 0.151 60.0 0.109 80.0 (a) Calculate the rate constant. Include units with your answer. (b) What will be the concentration of N2O5 (c) Calculate the initial rate of reaction.