Language Change in A Priori Artificial Languages Alan R. Libert University of Newcastle Lingualumina (1) 1.

The primary objects of the Language are two-fold -- International and Philosophical. First, to afford a more easy and perspicuous mode of International communication than any that has hitherto existed, to furnish a vehicle of expression which, being based on the primary elements of logical and scientific thought, shall be perfectly free from the innumerable anomalies and traditional conventionalities which beset existing languages, -- and from that perplexing vagueness of definition, and multiplicity of meaning by which nearly every word is beclouded and encumbered. 2. Secondly, it is proposed to offer this Language as a more fitting vehicle of Philosophic and Scientific conception, record, and expression, -- replacing many of the lingering barbarisms which still obtrude into our scientific nomenclatures (Dyer 1875:1) 1875 Transcendentals Arithmologues Metronyms Genonyms Sententials 1889-1893 Combinatories Generalitives Sententials Morphonyms Numeraries Arithmologues Metrilogues Metronyms Genonyms 1875 Niff-u Neff-u Naff-u Noff-u Nf-u Neev-u Nv-u Narv-u Norv-u Nv-u 1889-1893 Zimpa Zampa Zompa Zeepa Zarpa Zorpa

(2)

(3) I had been thou hadst been he or she had been it (con.) had been if (abs.) had been we had been ye had been they had been they (con.) had been they (abs.) had been (4)

I shall (then) be Nikk- thou wilt (then) be Nekk- he or she will (then) be Nakk-

Zinga Zanga Zonga

(5) Vertebrata Clenterata Protozoa Mammalia Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fishes Ro (6) I my thou, you thy, your it its of not of

1875 Lu-bm-u Lu-zhm-u Lu-lm-u L-beem-u L-bm-u L-bamm-u L-borm-u L-bm-u

1889-1893 Th-nine Thr-nine Thh-nine Th-bna Th-dna Th-gna Th-vna Th-thna

1913 ab ivab ac ivac ag (of it iv ag) iv ov

1931 ab abe ac ace ag age ov --

(7)

Awar ek hel ivab difit? who IMPF steal my hat Who stole my hat? (Foster 1913:39) Some 1913-Ro Kinship Terms ram spouse rap parent rami husband rapi father rapic grandfather rasi son rato brother ramo wife rapo mother rapoc grandmother raso daughter rato sister

(8)

(9)

1931-Ro Kinship Terms radam husband radap father radas son radat brother rafma wife ragam spouse rafpa mother ragap parent rafsa daughter rafta sister

(10)

Some 1913-Ro Body Part Lexemes meb body mec surface of body mef hand

3 mebe head mebo arm meco scale mebu leg mecu carapace Some 1931-Ro Body Part Terms mecab skin mebac body mebad head mebar arm (12) month first quarter January February March second quarter April May June third quarter July August September fourth quarter October November December 1913-Ro tal tala Talab Talac Talad tale Taleb Talec Taled tali Talib Talic Talid talo Talob Taloc Talod

mefo thumb mefu fist mefab hand

(11)

mecad beard mefad thumb

1931-Ro tala Talab

Talas Talav

(13)

1913-Ro e-l *n-e-l

1931-Ro ye-l n-e-l

be-PRES NEG-be-PRES

(14) (15) (16) (17)

Ab yes I am doing finely (Foster 1913:33) Ag er It is true (ibid.) yer ket. iens. going. (Foster 1931:8) -r -s 1913-Ro true prosperity 1931-Ro present participle future participle

Solresol (18) 1. Early Solresol. Whatever M. Sudre came up with early on, like Zamenhofs pra-Esperanto. This stage is probably lost. 2. Middle Solresol. The version found in M. Sudres Dictionnaire. 3. Late Solresol. What Gajewski was dealing with. (Rice 1999)

(19) dr M sdf I FUT begin je commencerai/jaurai commenc (Gajewski 1902/1997) (20) sisila residodo Sudre chaleur, calorique (n) outil Gajewskifaire chaud outillage (21) fami Sudre ceci Gajewskice, cet, ceci, cela solrere Sudre pass (n) Gajewskihier (all above definitions from Rice 1999) Suma (23) kamo dea kato/ma dog of boy/I a boys/my dog (Russell 1966:1) ma liti to tomi I want to go (ibid.:3) ma sui mu tomi I let him go (ibid.) ne sui domo to oki mi. do not let someone to see you (Russell 1967:8, MT) mi kami to bisi mora tu lito You can sleep here tonight (ibid.:15, MT) mila voil voici, voil lasoldo irrligion, impit crayon

(22)

(24) (25) (26) (27)

Sotos Ochandos Language (28) forms of case markers: varon la ibaca / ibaca-la le ibaca / ibaca-le (apparently likewise for other cases) column 1: Couturat and Leau (1903/1979:60), presumably from Sotos Ochando (1852); Sotos Ochando (1886:XXXIII) apparently is in agreement with this. column 2:Gisbert and Lorrio (1862:44) All versions agree on form before root, but there is difference in form after root. hombre la ibabe / ibabe-al le ibabe / ibabe-el NOM ACC

References Anderson, J. M. (1987) Historical Linguistics. In W. OGrady and M. Dobrovolsky, eds. Contemporary Linguistic Analysis. Copp Clark Pittman. pp. 193-226. Couturat, L. and L. Leau (1903 and 1907/1979) Histoire de la langue universelle bound with Les nouvelles langues internationales. Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim. Dyer, F. W. (1875) The Lingualumina or Language of Light. London. Dyer, F. W. (1889) The Lingualumina or Language of Light; Part I. Mark H. Judge, London. Dyer, F. W. (1893) The Lingualumina or Language of Light; Part II. Waterlow and Sons, London. Foster, E. P. (1913) Ru Ro. World-Speech Press, Marietta, OH. Foster, E. P. (1931) Ro-Latin-English Vocabularium Dictionary. Roia, Waverly, WV.

Gajewski, B. (1902/1997) Grammaire du Solrsol ou Langue Universelle. Paris. Place on World Wide Web by S. L. Rice with corrections. At URL <http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/solresol.htm>. Gisbert, D. L. and D. P. Lorrio (1862) Manual de lengua universal. Madrid. Large, A. (1985) The Artificial Language Movement. Basil Blackwell, Oxford. Rice, S. L. (1997-1999) Solresol: A Synopsis. At URL
<http://sites.netscape.net/asueith/Solresol/synopsis.htm>. Rice, S. L. (1999) The Solresol Lexicon. At URL <http://sites.netscape.net/asueith/Solresol.dicts.htm>. (This site contains links to two web sites containing the Lexicon which Rice has compiled. I refer to both of these, as well as this cover page as Rice (1999).) Russell, B. (1966) suma: A Neutral Artificial Language. Plainview, NY. Russell, B. (1967) Hundred Suma Words in Fairy Tales. No place of publication given. Sotos Ochando, B. (1852) Proyecto y ensayo de una lengua universal y filosofica (second edition). Madrid. Sotos Ochaando, B. (1886) Diccionario de lengua universal (second edition). Buenos Aires.