ABstruct: The aim of the present study was to evaluate cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a short-term preservative agent for

stripped goat skin, as an alternative to common salt (sodium chloride), the presently used preservative in the leather industry. Bacteria were isolated from the stripped goat skin at various time intervals and 16S rDNA sequencing results showed the presence of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria in stripped goat skin. All the bacterial isolates were inhibited by CTAB with MICs of 0.524.5 mg l1. Application of CTAB against microbial consortium on stripped goat skin showed that skin sample kept in 5% CTAB solution for 10 min did not contain any bacterial growth even after 12 days storage at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy analysis and physical testing of skin preserved using CTAB did not reveal any bacterial attack on fiber structure of skin. This study shows that CTAB can be applied as a viable alternative to NaCl which generates a huge amount of pollution there by reducing pollution from leather processing.

Method 2:

Fresh cowhides were Treated with solutions of sodium sulfite and acetic acid by two different methods. Some of the hides were treated by drumming in a 20 percent float; the others were treated with a more concentrated solution in a spray tunnel. After storage for seven days in closed barrels at ambient temperatures, the hides were processed into side upper leather without modification of standard tannery processes. The hides treated by drumming produced leather equal or superior in quality to the controls. Use of the more concentrated solution applied by spraying produced leather with unacceptably loose break The result demonstrate that a sulfite and acetic acid preservation can be adapted to current leather processing methods under tannery conditions to produce commercial quality side upper leather. This method provides the tanner with an alternative to fresh or salt cured hides.
Method3: Boric Acid The sodium chloride curing system is the most popular animal skinpreservation method adopted globally. The subsequent processing of salt preserved skins in tanneries results in the generation of large quantities of total dissolved solids (TDS), one of the pollutants that are very difficult to treat; consequently, tanners have been forced to search for better alternatives. Salt free and less-salt preserving systems based on boric acid have been investigated and evaluated at ambient temperature of 3035 C as alternative preservation systems. The efficacy of these alternative systems was assessed by parameters such as volatile nitrogen content, moisture, bacterial count, shrinkage temperature and physical properties of finished leathers preserved by the new system. The optimised system was field tested in a commercial

tannery. The results showed that the curing system using boric acid is efficient in preserving the raw goat skins. The preservation system also appears to be a viable option for combating the pollution problem of TDS, arising from the salt curing system. Method 4: Abstract: Discusses a saltless method of preservation of skin and hides as a development on the old wet salt curing method. A mixture of 0.2-0.5 parts phenol, 2 parts borax, and 100 parts water is prepared. The raw hides are immersed for a certain period. Later they are nailed on wooden frames and dried in the shade. AATA

Azardirachta Indica (NEEM): A green material for curing of hides and skins in leather processing
TAMIL N Common salt (Sodium chloride) in solid form is extensively used in preservation of raw hides and skins. A large quantity of this material is discharged in the liquid effluent as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) during soaking operation in leather processing. In Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, we have attempted to replace common salt with an herbal-based formulation prepared using Azardirachta indica (common Indian name - Neem) in preservation of raw goatskins. After successful trials in CLRI, the material has been successfully field tested at a rural location in India where large quantity of goatskins is collected by local people for trading. The physical, chemical and subjective assessment of wet blues and crust leathers from the skins prepared with this material compare favorably with salt preserved skins. Use of Azardirachta indica in preservation also offers considerable reduction of TDS in liquid tannery effluent and material after the usage can be scrapped off from the skins and composted to get garden manure, thereby offering a better solution for its disposal. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17971174

Source / Source
2006, vol. 101, no7, pp. 266-273 [8 page(s) (article)]

Langue / Language
Anglais

Editeur / Publisher
American Leather Chemists Association, Cincinnati, OH, ETATS-UNIS (1906) (Revue)

Localisation / Location
INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 552, 35400013902086.0030 N notice refdoc (ud4) : 17971174

During the last few decades new materials and technologies have being studied and applied in order to reduce the ecological impact of leather production. Severe restrictions imposed by the pollution control authorities on the disposal of chromium, total dissolved solids and chlorides in tannery effluents have forced the tanners and researchers to look for eco-benign pickling and tanning processes. In this study, we would focus on the novel process development of pickling with the presence of oxazolidine based product. Investigations indicated that oxazolidine is a potential material to replace neutral salts in pickling and, realize high chrome exhaustion in the subsequential chrome tanning.

PLANT acalypha indica

Antibacterial activity of hot aqueous and methanolic extracts prepared from six plants (Terminallia chebula, Terminallia bellerica, Phyllanthus emblica, Punica granatum, Lawsonia alba and Mikania micrantha) used in traditional folk medicines of India were screened against five pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 2940, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Escherichia coli MTCC 739, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 426 and Enterobacter aerogenes MTCC 111). The highest antibacterial potentiality was exhibited by the methanolic leaf extract of T. chebula, followed by the aqueous fruit extract of T. bellerica. The leaf extract of T. chebula can be considered to be as equally potent as the most effective antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, kanamycin, ofloxacin and cephalexin. A sensitivity test performed with commonly used sensitivity test disks resulted in the appearance of multiple drug resistance phenotypes of the bacteria tested. A comparison of data in the inhibition zones of

pathogenic bacteria showed that gentamycin, ofloxacin, kanamycin and tobramycin were effective against all of the bacterial strains tested.

Method 05:

Preservation or curing of hides and skins is performed as the primary step of leather processing.Common salt is employed as the conventional agent for curing purpose. Use of salt enhances the pollution load of tannery effluent which becomes highly contaminated with increased total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and chlorides (Cl). To overcome this hurdle, researchers are in constant search of alternative preservation techniques which are either totally void of salt or use only a meager amount of salt. In the present study, we had explored the possibility of using Semecarpus anacardium (S. anacardium) nut extract as an alternative to salt for the curing process by assessing different parameters like hair slip, putrefaction odor, volatile nitrogen content, moisture content, bacterial count and shrinkage temperature in comparison to the salt curing method. The antibacterial property of the plant extract was also investigated. The results obtained, substantiated that the nut extract of S. anacardium effectively preserve the skins for more than a month, by its antibacterial activity along with the dehydrating property of acetone.