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Introduction
Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economy, which mainly encompasses textiles, chemicals, food processing, agriculture and other industries. The economy has suffered in the past from decades of internal political disputes, a fast growing population and ongoing confrontation with neighboring India. Pakistan's average economic growth rate since independence has been higher than the average growth rate of the world economy during the period. Average annual real GDP growth rates were 6.8% in the 1960s, 4.8% in the 1970s, and 6.5% in the 1980s. Average annual growth fell to 4.6% in the 1983s with significantly lower growth in the second half of that decade. Two wars with India in Second Kashmir War 1965 and Bangladesh Liberation War 1971 and separation of Bangladesh adversely affected economic growth. In particular, the latter war brought the economy close to recession, although economic output rebounded sharply until the nationalizations of the mid-1970s.

Yearly Analysis of First Five Year Plans & Findings Regarding Objectives, Achievements & failures
During 1961-62
The increase in industrial production in the 2-was about 18 percent, as compared to only 6 percent during 1961. During the first 2.5years of the plan period (July 1960-dec 1962), the previous made in last industrial investment schedule (November 1960) had been over committed to the extent of 43 per against the total provision of rs.284 crores the amount committed war s 407 crores. Guiding objective of government industrial policy to is to maximize the production of manufacturing goods within the country and to accelerate e the development of the less developed regions. Protection from foreign competition and the various fiscal and monetary concession and facilities are some of the many aids which the government has provided to industry. Government policy to entrust the public sector with only such enterprises as the private sector is either unable or unwilling to undertake, because of large capital investment or low return. Special attention from government to the industrial development of less developed areas the establishment Projects of heave industries and the heavy sophisticated and first half of 196y industries such as trucks, machine tools and electronics equipment have already been sanctioned.

During 1962-63
Investment schedule: It will de seen from the above that the amount so far sanctioned has exceeded the provision made in the schedule by 43 per cent. Of the 107 industries provided for in the schedule, provision in respect of 69 has either been fully committed or over utilized. Some of the important items fro which allocation have been exhausted are 2

steel, pipes, cotton spinning and weaving and processing of fish, and shrimps, edible oils and vegetable ghee.

During 1963-64
The industrial policy of government continued to aim at rapidly expanding the production of consumer, exportable and producer goods, improving the industrial efficiency and quality of local products and accelerating the development of less developed regions. Production of large and medium industries during the first three years of the second plan period increased by 34 per cent and that of small industries by 15 per cent, against 60 per cent and 25 per cent respectively aimed at during the entire plan period. Taking 1959-60 as the base year the index of industrial production rose from 119.2 in 1961-62 to 133.6 in 1962-63 and is estimated to have increased to 156.5 in the quarter oct to dec, 1963.

West Pakistan industrial development corporation:

Heavy engineering: the feasibility report on the heavy industry complex, estimated to cost 25 crores has been received. Effort is also being made to associate foreign capital participation. Chemical fertilizers: The expansion will raise capacity from 50/000 tons to 1 lakh tons. Financing arrangement s with the supplying countries is being made for the Lyallpur factory expansion aimed at raising the capacity by 36,000 tone of super phosphate. Cement factories: a scheme for the 5th plan of the zeal par cement factory to raise present capacity by another 2, 10,000 tons per annum is in hand, while cement plant of 15,000 tons capacity are in early stages of execution. Sugar industry: W.P.I.D.C has sponsored two sugar mills at bannu and bad in each with a capacity of 15,000 to 18,000 tons of white sugar per annum.

Jute: This mill at jaranwala in west pak will manufacture 17,000 tones of jute goods per annum. shipyard: the expansion scheme form the Karachi shipyard has been prepared by the corporation. it provides a second dry-dock and a second berth and constriction of ships of 10,000 tons per year.

During 1964-65
The efforts made both by the government and by private enterprises to achieve these objectives have met with a large measure of success. The increase in manufacturing output was on less spectacular. Its index which had risen by 12 per cent to 134.2 in 1962-63 rose by 13.8 per cent to 152.7 in 1963-64 and stood at 157.6 in oct- dec 1964. Almost all industries contributed to the increase in production so much that self-sufficiency has been attained in a large number of consumer goods industries and attention is now being focused on the development of heavy and more sophisticated industries like steel mills machine tools plant petrol chemicals and fertilizers factories etc.

During 1965-66
During 1965-1966the pace of industrial growth was slower because of the several factors like the effect of war with India which for sometime restricted the operation of some industries, suspension of foreign economic aid and consequent reduction in imported industries raw material and spare parts and diversion of some national resources to defense. But in-spite of these problems the industrial growth maintained. According to central statistics office the index of production of manufacturing industries increased by 6% from201.7 in 1964-65 to 214.2 in 1965-66. There was significant increase in 65-66 in the production of sugar, vegetable ghee, cigarettes, jute goods, art silk and rayon cloth, some varieties of and some organic chemicals like sulphuric acid and chlorine gas. And however there were declines in the production of cotton, textile, newsprint, straw, and paper board, packing and other paper, tea, sea salt, cement, tires and tubes, paints, super phosphate and few fertilizer and soda ash.

During 1966-67
The production trend during this year appears to b encouraging with the expectation of chemical and cotton textile. The production of minerals increases very slowly. The index of minerals production rose by 1.5% point from 174.5 to 176 during this year. It rose by 6.2 points to 182.2 during 66-67. The index is estimated to rise by 9% to 233 in 66-67. Investment: A comprehensive industrial investment schedule for the entire third plane period aimed ensuring fulfillment planes investment target of 830 5

crores. It covered 200 items involving large medium and small industries the investment allocation is rupees 1088.53 crores in the private sectors, 586.07 crores West Pakistan and 502.46 crores for East Pakistan. Credits: Major allocations during this year from France 16.19 million $. USSR 9.67 million $.UK 15.98 million $. WORLD BANK 9.18 million $ and Belgium 4 million $. Total allocation increase from 89.21 million $ in this year to 121.48 million $.

During 1967-68
The government entered into an agreement with the government of Poland will provide the equipment required for the implementation of this project and it consists of 2.6 crore expenditure. In western Pakistan during this year 143 miles of new forest roads and bridle paths were constructed and another 150 miles are expected to be constructed. This year government had given the attention to developed heavy and more sophisticated industries such as engineering, electrical equipment, machine tools and petro chemicals etc. During this year there is increase in the production of tea, salt, cotton cloth and yarn, board, caustic soda, cement and cycle rubber tires and tubes. The increase in the quantum index of manufacturing industries from 100 in 1959-60 to 201.7 in 1964-65.

During 1968-69
Growth in 68-69 was 7.4% that was previously 7.8%. And in 49-50 the share go agriculture was standing 60% which cam\e down to 46% in 68-69. This trend towards diversification is also reflected in the pattern of exports and imports the share of primary commodities, which was 95% of our exports in 1950 to 1951 decline to 69% in 64-65 and future to 53% in 67-68 the rest being accounted for by manufacture and semi manufacture. During 1967-68 and 1968-69 the increase in manufacturing output in certain industries was a quite impressive. Production of sea salt and cigarettes have already exceed the pain target, while the performance of newsprints and mechanical paper was 47%, cotton yarn 79.6%, white sugar 63.9%, vegetable ghee 68.6%, juice goods 53.4$%. During 1967-68, substantial gains were also recorded by cotton yarn

and cloth fertilizes and chemicals, writing and printing paper etc. production of board and cycle tires and tubes, however, declined during the year.

During 1971-72
Industrial manufacturing is second largest sector in the economy in term of its contribution to the gross domestic products. Currently its account one fifth of GDP. Cotton, Textile, Cement, leather goods etc are the products through which Pakistan enter in the world markets. Cotton textile 48% added value in the sector and cigarettes 10%, sugar 7%, basic metals, electric and transport 5%. Industrial growth is not smooth through out the history. Shortfall in the case of chemical and chemical fertilizing because of different factor, war with India and tight credit polices and East Pakistan crisis. Conditions are remaining unfavorable. The growth rate of large scale industrial decline from 13.9% in 1969-70 to 2.8 in 1970-71 and showed a negative growth rate of 5.6 percent in 1971-72.

During 1972-73
Industrial sector had all along been leading sector in terms of sustain growth. Value added fell by 6.8%during 1971-72 compared to depress based of 1970-71 when the growth was only 1.2%. GNP decline 12.7% 1970-71 to 11.7%.in 1971-72. Factors that affect GNP is loss of East Pakistan market and shortage of raw material. Now manufacturing is now second largest sector after agriculture in terms of contribution in GNP. Raw material of capital goods accounted for 10.5 % of total imports and capital goods constituted 42.4% of total imports. Heavy industry: A machine tool factory in Karachi already gone in production and produce Rs.15 crore annually. Heavy Mechanical Complex at textile being built with Chinese assistance. The plant is producing sugar, cement, road building machinery worth over Rs. 9 crore annually. A steel mill of 1 million ton capacity near Karachi with assistance of U.S.S.R. Strikes of labor also disturb the industrial production. Labor reforms introduce to improve the workers. In the start of 1972-73 improve some implications through which growth of different product increase. Quantum index of manufacturing industry which

had decline 162.1 in 1970-71 to 151.1 in 19971-72 is estimated to have increased to 160.6 in 1972-73.

During 1973-74
Steady growth in 1973-74. Different factor, like war with India and tight credit polices and East Pakistan crisis growth decline 6.8% in 1971-72. Steady improvement or recovery in 1972-73. Greater availability of industrial raw material increased growth rate 11.8% during 1972-73. In 1973-74 slow down in growth rate due to slackness, difficulties in obtaining raw material and growth rate is 7% projected in this year. Large and small manufacturing scale 15% of total GDP. Pakistan not only manufacture consumer goods its also export cotton cloth, carpet, sports good cement and leather.

During 1974-75
Manufacturing sector slow-down during 1974-75 because low level of investment and shortage of raw material. Textile has heavy weight age in total industrial production. Decline export of cement fulfills the need of cement in the country. Import of raw material increased 66.6% fairly satisfactory. Improvements in industries of cotton, sugar and cement in 1974-75. Also public sector investment industry is estimated at 1974-75. During the period july 1974-march 1975 different items decline/increase over a comparable period of last year. Cotton yarn and cloth: Decline of 6.8 % in the production of yarn and 23.5 % decline in cloth. Fertilizer: Increase in fertilizer production. The factories are working above their rated capacities to fulfill the demand of the agriculture sector. Vegetable ghee: The sharp increase of vegetable ghee production better utilization of installed capacity. Actual production is 2.27 lakh tons during 1974-75. Sugar: Decline in 4.4% in the production of sugar in 1974-75. Cement: 16.2 % increase in cement because of operations plants are above rated capacity.

Cigarette: 0.3 % decrease in the production of cigarette during the period factory in Punjab closed. Safety Matches: Production of safety matches 20 % increased during 197475. Electric fans & M.S. products: Electric fans decline 18 % & also decline of M.S. products 6.6 %

During 1975-76
Affects of international recession cause the large scale manufacturing sector estimated to have growth of 1% with 15% for the whole sector 1974-75 there was also difficult when value added project to grow by 10% in the LSM sector recorded negative growth of 1.7% Index of manufacturing industries was 120.4 in 1974-75 and has been risen to 121.6% in 1975-76 At that time overall projects had been embraced both in public and private sector that supports the manufacturing sector that is performance of the most of the industries was satisfactory.

During 1976-77
During this time manufacturing sector continue to remain under pressure due to various national and international factors. Export of cotton yarn 186.2m in 1972-73 decreases to 143.7 in 1975-76. Yarn exports was 105.9m (1975-76) decreases to 87.3m in 1976-77 Export of cotton clothes, 97.1 m 1975-76 increases to 99.2m 1976-77 but quantity decreases because exported prices of yarn had improved Production of cotton yarn and cloth decreases by 18% in 1976-77 as in 197576 In 1976-77 LSI sector record negative growth of 2% against target of 9% In 1976-77 SSI record growth of 3% In 1976-77 manufacturing sector overall decline by 0.8% In 1975-76 witness the inauguration of heavy foundry and forge at Texilla that cost about 616m.

Processing capacity national refining increase from .5m tons to 1.5 m tons Project of Fertilizers also continue to further broader the counties industrial base setting up a number of new fertilizers Cement and other plants.

During 1977-78
All the industries were going good but the decline in cotton cloth industry brought down the overall contribution made by all the industries. Trend of Industrial Production Some of the items were having got rise in production while some of them got short fall: Cotton Textiles: The decline of 6.5% in the production of cloth is a follow-up in the main. Art-silk & Rayon cloth: In 1977-78 art-silk and Rayon cloth got 9% increase as compare to the period 1976-77 due rising domestic demand and availability of synthetic fiber. Vegetable Ghee: In the period 1977-78 vegetable oil got rise of 15.9% over the period of 1976-77 due to high imports of edible oil and better availability of domestic cotton seed oil from large cotton crop this year. Sugar: The increase of 22.9 % in the production of sugar was due to the better availability of sugar cane. Fertilizers: Fertilizers got a small decline of 2.2% in the production was offset by an increase of 1% in the out of fertilizers.

During 1979-80
The industrial recovery in initiated in 1978-79, after virtual stagnation for three years has been further consolidated the sector recorded a growth rate of 9.2% in 1977-78, 4.8% in 1978-79 and 8.1 % in 1979-80. The private sector lost confident in Govt. Policies and there was a visible decline in industrial investment.

Policy/ Institutional Measures:

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Denationalization the agro based industry was the first step took by Govt. in December 1980. Ever since 32 large industries units under 10 categories were take over in Public sectors.

During 1981-82
Manufacturing is second largest sector in economy and accounts for 17% of GDP. This industrial gain is due to the Present Industrial policies pursued since 1977. Principle measured and incentive provided by the Govt. are indicated below: Monetary Incentives: Mandatory target was settled for small scale industry. In July 1978, the interest rate on loans for fixed investment in industry and agriculture was reduced from 12.5% to 11%. Fiscal Incentives: With effect from September 4, 1978 compensatory rebates ranged from 7.5% to 12.5% on F.O.B value of the exports of may cotton textile products have been allowed. These incentives have been subsequently extended to manufacture of engineering goods. Other Measures: A sponsor can apply for import license for machinery directly to the chief controller of Imports and Exports. But normally duty is payable on the import of machinery. The NRI projects are entitled to 25% concession in normal custom duty applicable.

During 1982-83
Manufacturing sector registered a growth of 8.3% during 1982-83 as compared to last year 11.9%. The growth performance of 9% during fifth plan reflects significant increase in the production of all major consumer items and some capital goods. Measures to Encourage Industry: Fiscal Measures: The major additional fiscal measures to encourage private industrial investors which were announced in 1981-82 and 1982-83: Initial depreciation allowance on plant and machinery were raised from 25-40%. Monetary limit of investment rose from 45000 to 50000 RS.

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Incentives for Overseas Pakistanis: Machinery up to RS. 15 million was allowed to be imported against non-reportable investment without any prior sanction from any agency. Export processing Zone: To attract the foreign investors an export processing zone has been set up at Karachi over an area of 80.94 hectares. In this zone every kind of import takes place and export of goods was freely allowed. Investment in zone has been allowed income tax exemption for a period of 5 years and capital gain on sale of assets will be exempt from taxes.

Pakistan Development plans

There are shown first five year plans which have been presented in the history of Pakistan which are listed below: 1. First Five Year Plan (1955-60)-An Erratic Beginning to planned Development. 2. Second Five Year Plan (1960-65)- An Experiment In Functional Inequality 3. Third Five year Plan (1965-70)- A Prisoner of Extraordinary Events 4. Fourth Five year Plan (1970-75)- A non-starter from the beginning 5. Fifth Five Year Plan (1978-83)-A Return of the Medium Term Planning

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Here we are not discussing the whole Five Years Plans but going to take specific and relevant part related to our topic from each Five Year Plan.

First Five Year Plan (1955-60)-An Erratic Beginning to planned Development.

The revised total size of the First Plan was Rs. 1,080 crores with the public sector expenditures of Rs. 750 crores and private sector expenditures of Rs. 330 crores. The First Plan was implemented within certain obvious handicaps and limitations and its release was delayed by two Years. The GNP recoded a growth of 13% instead of 15% as targeted in the Plan. Industry together with fuels and minerals received another 31% of the total resources which exceeds the target of 28% provided in the Plan.

Second Five Year Plan (1960-65)- An Experiment In Functional Inequality.

The revised total size of the second Plan was fixed at Rs. 2300 crores in April, 1961. As regards sector distribution, the size of the private sector expenditure was fixed at Rs. 1240 crores, while public sector was allocated Rs.

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680 crores and the newly introduced semi-public sector consisting of autonomous corporations was allocated the remaining sum of Rs. 380 crores. The strategy paid off very well as the actual growth rate surpassed the projected growth rate. The GNP registered a growth of 30% over the plan period compared to 24% proposed in the plan and per capita income grew 15% instead of 12% projected in the plan. The large scale industrial production exhibited nearly 161% increases in production compared to only 60% increase proposed in the Plan. The share of the manufacturing industry in GNP as a whole rose from 9.3% in 1960 to 11.5% in 1965.

Third Five year Plan (1965-70)- A Prisoner of Extraordinary Events.

The revised total size of the second Plan was fixed at Rs. 5200 crores as compared to Rs. 2300 crores in (1960-1965). In this Plan there was a great visible investment shift from consumer goods to capital goods industry. If we talk about the achievement of this Plan, the performance in the industrial sector was also far from satisfactory particularly in the large-scale industrial sector. The large-scale industrial sector exhibited a growth rate of 10% as against 13% targeted in the Plan. The industrial sector as a whole expanded at an annual growth rate of 7.8% instead of 10% targeted in the Plan. The small-scale industry also performed well.

Fourth Five year Plan (1970-75)- A non-starter from the beginning.

The revised total size of the second Plan was fixed at Rs. 7500 crores, an increase in 44% over the Third Plan size. The increase 6.5% annual growth rate as compared to 5.5% targeted in the Plan. The share of the industrial sector that had 10% growth rate in the last Plan was drastically slashed from 26% in the Third Plan to 10.2% in the Fourth.

Fifth Five Year Plan (1978-83)-A Return of the Medium Term Planning.
The total size of the Plan was targeted at Rs. 21000 crores out of which Rs. 14820 crores were proposed to be spent in the public sector and Rs. 6200 crores were proposed for the private sector.

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No major new industrial projects was planned for the public sector however it was emphasized the completion of the under construction Pakistan steel mills and fertilizers and cement factories. Private sector was expected to pay a vital role in the development of few industries which is good for the wellbeing of the country. As a whole, the growth rate projected for the industrial sector was almost fulfilled (growth rate was 9.7% as compared to 10% targeted in the Plan).

Conclusion
During 1965-66 there is increase in the production of tea, salt, cotton cloth and yarn, board, caustic soda, cement and cycle rubber tires and tubes. The increase in the quantum index of manufacturing industries from 100 in 1959-60 to 201.7 in 1964-65. Growth in 68-69 was 7.4% that was previously 7.8%. And in 49-50 the share go agriculture was standing 60% which came down to 46% in 68-69. During 1967-68, substantial gains were also recorded by cotton yarn and cloth fertilizes and chemicals, writing and printing paper etc. The growth rate of large scale industrial decline from 13.9% in 1969-70 to 2.8 in 1970-71 and showed a negative growth rate of 5.6 percent in 197172.the negative growth in this year was due to the war with India and separation from the Bangladesh where exist the big industry of jute. Industrial sector had all along been leading sector in terms of sustain growth. Value added fell by 6.8%during 1971-72 compared to depress based of 197071 when the growth was only 1.2%.Steady growth in 1973-74. Different factor, like war with India and tight credit polices and East Pakistan crisis growth decline 6.8% in 1971-72. Steady improvement or recovery in 1972-73. Manufacturing sector slow-down during 1974-75 because low level of investment and shortage of raw material. Textile has heavy weight in total industrial production. 1974-75 there was also difficult when value added project to grow by 10% in the LSM sector recorded negative growth of 1.7%. in 1976-77 During this time manufacturing sector continue to remain under pressure due to various national and international factors.

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Recommendations
As we know that the government is not strong enough and does not have enough resources to boost up all the sectors of economy. Thats why they should go for the unbalanced growth where investment is to be invested in one of the leading sector that is textile sector that ultimately results in improvement to the all lagging behind sectors that are agricultural sector, Industrial sectors, and small and large goods manufacturing sector etc. About 30 to 40 percent of the GDP ratio is to be invested in one sector which will result the country to go out from the vicious circle of poverty and extension in the markets when the economies of scale achieved rather bit by bit. That will result in increase in demand side, increase in production function and supply of savings. There should be proper the law and order situation in the country for the purpose of abolishing the bribery, Corruption, terrorism and other social and economic evils. The Govt. should encourage the foreign investor to invest in the country and should restrict the local investor to invest only in Pakistan. Govt. should not fully dependent on the agrarian industries. They should also encourage the other sectors in the industry like IT sector, Automobile sector and others.

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