GATE Two by RK Maths

GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
Engineering Mathematics
0 2 1 (A) 3 (C) 0 20. The system of (A) a unique solution (B) no solution (C) an infinite number of solutions (D) none of these equations (B) -3 (D) None of these. x + 2 y + lz = 12 is inconsistent, if l is
1 13. Let A = 5 3 0 0 , then A -1 is equal to 2 4 0
19. The system equationsx + y + z = 6, x + 2 y + 3z = 10,
CHAPTER
(A) 1 -10 2 4 -1 -1 0 0 2 0 0 2 (D) None of these 0 0 2 0 2 -1 0 2 1 (B) -5 1 2 -1 -1 1 (C) -10 -1 3 x + 26 y + 2 z = 9, 7 x + 2 y + 10 z = 5 has
9.1
2 -1 14. If the rank of the matrix, A = 4 7 1 4 3 l is 2, then 5 (A) adj A = 0 (B) 13 (D) None of these (C) adj A = I n 22. The system of the value of l is (A) -13 (C) 3 15. Let A and B be nonsingular square matrices of the same order. Consider the following statements. (I) ( AB) T = A TBT (B) 0 (D) 1 (V) AB = A B Which of the above statements are false ? (A) I, III & IV (C) I & II (B) IV & V (D) All the above (III) adj( AB) = (adj. A)(adj. B) (II) ( AB) -1 = B-1 A -1 (IV) r( AB) = r( A)r(B)
5 x + 3 y + 7 z = 4,
LINEAR ALGEBRA
21. If A is an nrow square matrix of rank (n - 1), then (B) adj A 0 (D) None of these equations x - 4 y + 7 z = 14, 3 x + 8 y - 2 z = 13, 7 x - 8 y + 26 z = 5 has (A) a unique solution (B) no solution (C) an infinite number of solution (D) none of these
7. Every diagonal elements of a Hermitian matrix is (B) 0 (D) 1
1. If A =
0 -1 2
1 0 -2
-2 3 is a singular matrix, then l is l
(A) Purely real
(C) Purely imaginary
(A) 0
(B) -2
(C) 2
(D) -1
8. Every diagonal element of a SkewHermitian matrix
is
2. If A and B are square matrices of order 4 4 such
(A) Purely real
that A = 5B and A = a B , then a is
(C) Purely imaginary
(A) 5 (B) Skewsymmetric (D) SkewHermitian
(B) 25
(C) 625
(D) None of these
9. If A is Hermitian, then iA is
(A) Symmetric
4 3 23. The eigen values of A = are 9 - 5 (A) 1 (C) -1, - 1 1 -1 3 -2 is 4 -3 (B) 2 (D) None of these (B) 1, 1 (D) None of these
3. If A and B are square matrices of the same order
such that AB = A and BA = A , then A and B are both (B) Skewsymmetric (D) SkewHermitian. (A) 3 (C) 1 17. The
(C) Hermitian
(A) Singular
(B) Idempotent
10. If A is SkewHermitian, then iA is
(C) Involutory
(D) None of these
(A) Symmetric
(C) Hermitian
2 16. The rank of the matrix A = 0 2
2 8 -6 24. The eigen values of A = -6 7 - 4 are 3 2 -4 (A) 0, 3, -15 (C) 0, 3, 15 system of equations 3 x - y + z = 0, (B) 0, - 3 , - 15 (D) 0, - 3, 15
-5 -8 0 4. The matrix, A = 3 5 0 is 1 2 -1
(A) Idempotent (C) Singular (B) c t (D) 3A
(B) Involutory (D) None of these
- 1 - 2 11. If A = 2 1 2 -2
-2 - 2 , then adj. A is equal to 1
(A) A
15 x - 6 y + 5 z = 0, solution, if l is (A) 6 (C) 2 18. The
lx - 2 y + 2 z = 0 (B) -6 (D) -2 system the only solution, if l is (A) l (C) l 2

4 5
has
nonzero
25. If the eigen values of a square matrix be 1, - 2 and 3,
5. Every diagonal element of a skewsymmetric matrix
(C) 3A t
is
then the eigen values of the matrix 2A are 3 1 (B) 2 , - 4 , 6 (A) , - 1 , 2 2 (C) 1 , - 2, 3 of equation x - 2 y + z = 0, 2 x - y + 3z = 0, lx + y - z = 0 has the trivial solution as (B) l =
4 3
(A) 1 (C) Purely real 5 (B) 2 (D) None of these

Page 525
(B) 0 (D) None of these 3 1
-1 2 12. The inverse of the matrix is 3 -5
(D) None of these. 26. If A is a nonsingular matrix and the eigen values of A are 2 , 3 , - 3 then the eigen values of A -1 are 1 1 -1 (A) 2 , 3 , - 3 (B) , , 2 3 3 (D) None of these
Page 526
1 2
i 2
6. The matrix, A = -
i 2
1 2
is
5 (A) 3
2 1
(A) Orthogonal
(B) Idempotent
(C) Unitary
(D) None of these
-5 -2 (C) -3 -1
(C) 2 A , 3 A , - 3 A
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(D) None of these
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Linear Algebra
Chap 9.1 UNIT 9

27. If -1 , 2 , 3 are the eigen values of a square matrix A then adj (adj A) is equal to : (A) 3A (C) 27A 40. If A is a 3-rowed square matrix, then adj (adj A) is equal to (A) A (C) A
4 6 3
39. If A is a 3-rowed square matrix such that A = 3,
then the eigen values of A are (B) 9A (D) none of these 1 2 (C) 1 26 1 3 (A) -1 4 1 0 1 (B) -1 2 3 (D) Undefined
cos 2 f cos f sin f B= sin 2 f cos f sin f
1 2 0 T 45. If A = , then AA is 3 -1 4
(A) -1 , 2 , 3
(B) 1, 4, 9
is a null matrix, then q and f differ by
(C) 1, 2, 3
(D) None of these
(A) an odd multiple of p
28. If 2 , - 4 are the eigen values of a nonsingular
(B) an even multiple of p
matrix A and A = 4, then the eigen values of adj A are (B) A (D) A
2
(C) an odd multiple of
p 2
(A) 3 1 (A) 6 2 6 2 (C) 9 3
1 2
, -1
(B) 2 , - 1
(D) an even multiple
p 2
(C) 2 , - 4
(D) 8 , - 16
46. The matrix, that has an inverse is 5 2 (B) 2 1 8 2 (D) 4 1
35. If A and B are two matrices such that A + B and AB
29. If 2 and 4 are the eigen values of A then the 41. If A is a 3-rowed square matrix such that A = 2, then adj (adj A 2 ) is equal to (A) 2 4 (C) 2
16
are both defined, then A and B are
eigenvalues of A T are
(A) both null matrices
(A) (B) 28 (D) None of these
1 2
1 4
(B) 2, 4
(B) both identity matrices
(C) 4, 16
(D) None of these
(C) both square matrices of the same order
(D) None of these
47. The skew symmetric matrix is
30. If 1 and 3 are the eigenvalues of a square matrix A
then A 3 is equal to 2 x 42. If A = x of x is (A) 1 (C) 1 2 (B) 2 (D) None of these 0 1 and A -1 = x -1
(A) 13( A - I 2 )
(B) 13A - 12I 2
0 36. If A = tan
a 2
- tan a 2 0
0 -2 5 (A) 2 0 6 -5 -6 0
1 5 2 (B) 6 3 1 2 4 0
(C) 12( A - I 2 )
(D) None of these
31. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and A = 2 then (B) I - A (D) I - 2 A
cos a - sin a 2 then (I - A ) is equal to cos a sin a
0 , then the value 2
A (adj A) is equal to
(A) I + A
0 1 3 (C) 1 0 5 3 5 0
0 3 3 (D) 2 0 2 1 1 0
(C) I + 2 A
2 (A) 0 0 1 2 43. If A = 2 1 then A -1 is 1 1
2 0
1 2
0 0 2
1 2 (B) 0 0
0 0 1 2
3 37. If A = 1
- 4 , then for every positive integer -1
1 1 1 0 and B = 0 , the product of A and B 48. If A = 1 0 1 1 is 1 (A) 0 1 -2 (B) -2 1 1 2 (D) Undefined A 49. Matrix D is an orthogonal matrix D = C 1 (B) (C) 1 2 (D) 0 50. If A n n is a triangular matrix then det A is
n n
0 1 1 + 2 n (B) n (D) None of these 1 4 (A) 3 2 2 5 - 4n 1 - 2 n
(D) None of these
n, A n is equal to
1 (C) 0 0
0 0 1
1 + 2 n (A) n
4n 1 + 2 n
1 0 (B) 0 1 1 (C) 2 1 0 (D) 0 2
8 32. The sum of the eigenvalues of A = 4 2
5 0
3 9 is 5
1 - 2 n (C) n
4n 1 + 2 n
equal to
(A) 18 II. A a A b = A ( a + b)
n
(B) 15
cos a 38. If A a = - sin a
sin a , then consider the following cos a
2 3 (C) 3 1 2 7
B . The 0 value of B is 1 (A) 2 2 -1 1 -2 - 5 44. If A = 1 0 and B = then AB is 0 3 4 -3 4
(C) 10
(D) None of these
statements :
I. A a A b = A ab
33. If 1, 2 and 5 are the eigen values of the matrix A
then A is equal to
(A) 8
(B) 10
cos a III. ( A a ) n = n - sin a
sin a cos n a
(C) 9
(D) None of these
cos na IV. ( A a ) = - sin na
sin na cos na
-1 -8 -10 (A) -1 -2 5 15 9 22
0 -10 0 (B) -1 -2 -5 0 21 -15
34. If the product of matrices (B) I and IV (D) II and IV
Which of the above statements are true ?
(A)
( -1) a
i =1 n
ii
(B)
a
i =1 n
ii
(A) I and II
(C)
Page 527 Page 528
cos 2 q cos q sin q A = and 2 cos q sin q sin q
(C) II and III
-1 -8 -10 (C) 1 -2 -5 15 9 22
0 -8 -10 (D) 1 -2 -5 9 21 15
( -1) a
i =1
ii
(D)
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a
i =1
ii
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Linear Algebra
Chap 9.1 UNIT 9

7. (A) A square matrix A is said to be Hermitian if A Q = A. So aij = a ji . If i = j then aii = aii i.e. conjugate of an element is the element itself and aii is purely real. Now, Here A =
T
t 2 cos t dA 51. If A = t , then dt will be e sin t 12. (A) Since A -1 = -1 2 = -1 3 -5 - 3 - 1 2 1 -5 adj A = -3 1 adj A A
SOLUTIONS
8. (C) A square matrix A is said to be Skew-Hermitian if A Q = - A. -2 0 + 0 3 -2 it is only possible when aii is purely imaginary. 9. (D) A is Hermitian then A Q = A Now, ( iA) Q = i A Q = - iA Q = - iA, Thus iA is SkewHermitian. 10. (C) A is SkewHermitian then A Q = - A Now, ( iA) = i A = - ( -A ) = iA then iA is Hermitian.
Q Q T 11. (C) If A = [ aij ]n n then det A = [ cij ]n n
t 2 sin t (A) t e sin t If A is SkewHermitian then A Q = - A aii + aii = 0 A -1 = -5 Also, adj A = -2 1 -5 -1 -3 - 2 5 = - 1 3
2t cos t (B) t e sin t
1. (B) A is singular if A = 0
1 a ji = - aij ,
2t - sin t (C) t cos t e 3 = 0 l 13. (A) Since, A -1 = ( iA ) Q = - ( iA ) 1 A =5 3 1 0 2 if i = j then aii = - aii
(D) Undefined
0 -1 2
0 -2
-2 3 =0 l
- 2 -1
52. If A R n n , det A 0, then
(A) A is non singular and the rows and columns of A are linearly independent.
1 - ( -1) -2
- 2 1 + 2 l 0
( l - 4) + 2( 3) = 0
l - 4 + 6 =0 l = -2
(B) A is non singular and the rows A are linearly dependent.

n
1 adj A A 0 0 = 4 0, 2
T
2. (C) If k is a constant and A is a square matrix of
(C) A is non singular and the A has one zero rows.
order n n then kA = k A .
(D) A is singular.
A = 5B A = 5B = 5 4 B = 625 B
a = 625
************
3. (B) A is singular, if A = 0, Where cij is the cofactor of aij Also cij = ( -1) i + j M ij , where M ij is the minor of aij , obtained the remaining matrix. Now, M11 = minor of a11 0 0 -1 -2 M 21 = -2 -1 M 23 = 2 M 32 2 aii = 0 aii = 0 1 i.e. -1 = -2 -2 1 = -3 by leaving the row and the column corresponding to aij and then take the determinant of
A is Idempotent, if A 2 = A
adj A == A -1 =
4 0 0
10 -10 4 0 -1 = 10 2 2 0 2 -1 -1
0 0 2
A is Involutory, if A 2 = I
Now, A 2 = AA = ( AB) A = A( BA) = AB = A
4 0 1 10 2 4 -1 -1
0 0 2 14. (B) A matrix A ( m n ) is said to be of rank r if (i) it has at least one nonzero minor of order r, and (ii) all other minors of order greater than r, if any; are zero. The rank of A is denoted by r( A). Now, given that r( A) = 2 minor of order greater than 2 i.e., 3 is zero.
and B2 = BB = (BA)B = B( AB) = BA = B
A = A and B = B,
Thus A & B both are Idempotent.
-5 -8 4. (B) Since, A = 3 5 1 2 0 -5 -8 0 3 5 -1 1 2 A is involutory.
Similarly 1 2 - 2 -6 6 ; M13 = 2 = = M12 = 1 2 - 2 2 -2 - 6 ; M 22 =-1 = 1 2 - 2 6 ; M 31 =-2 = - 2 1 -2 3; = 1 - 2 6 ; = -2 -1 - 2 6 ; M 33 =-1 - 2 3 = = = 1 2 - 2 2 C11 = ( -1)1 + 1 M11 = -3; C12 = ( -1)1 + 2 M12 = -6 ; C13 = ( -1)
1+ 3
1 0 0 = 0 1 0 = I, 0 0 1
A2 = I
2 -1 Thus A =4 7 1 4
3 l = 0 5 2( 35 - 4 l) + 1(20 - l) + 3(16 - 7) = 0, 70 - 8 l + 20 - l + 27 = 0, 9 l = 117 l = 13 15. (A) The correct statements are M13 = -6; C21 = ( -1)
2+1
5. (B) Let A = [ aij ] be a skewsymmetric matrix, then
AT = - A ,
aij = - aij ,
if i = j then aii = - aii
Thus diagonal elements are zero.
M 21 = 6; C22 = ( -1) 2 + 2 M 22 = 3; C23 = ( -1) 2 + 3 M 23 = -6; C31 = ( -1)

3+ 1
( AB) T = BT A T , ( AB) -1 = B-1 A -1 , adj ( AB) = adj (B) adj ( A) M 31 = 6; C32 = ( -1) C33 = ( -1) 3+ 3 M 33 = 3 C12 C22 C32
T T 3+ 2
6. (C) A is orthogonal if AA T = I
A is unitary if AA Q = I , where A Q is the conjugate
M 32 = -6 ;
r( AB) r( A) r(B), AB = A B Thus statements I, II, and IV are wrong. 16. (B) Since A = 2( -9 + 8) + 2( -2 + 3) = - 2 + 2 = 0
T
transpose of A i.e., A Q = ( A) T . 1 2 i 2 i
Here,
2 i
0 = I2 1
C11 det A = C21 C31
C13 C23 C33
r( A ) < 3 2 1 = 6 0 Again, one minor of order 2 is 0 3 -3 -6 -6 -1 -2 -2 = 6 3 -6 = 3 2 1 -2 = 3A T 3 1 6 -6 2 -2

Page 529 Page 530
AA =
2 1 2
2 1 = 1 0 2
Thus A is unitary.
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r( A ) = 2
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UNIT 9
Engineering Mathematics Linear Algebra

Chap 9.1
5 3-l = 0 -5 - l -4 0 2 0 cos a 38. (D) A a A b = - sin a 1 5 = 1 26 cos ( a + b) = - sin ( a + b) sin ( a + b) = Aa+ b cos ( a + b) sin a cos b cos a - sin b sin b cos b 1 + 2 n = n - 4n , where n = 2. 1 - 2 n 3 37. (B) A 2 = 1 (1)( 3) + (2)( -1) + (0)( 4) (1)(1) + (2)(2) + (0)(0) = ( 3)(1) + ( -1)(2) + ( 4)(0) ( 3)( 3) + ( -1)( -1) + ( 4)( 4) - 4 3 - 1 1 - 8 - 3 1 3 1 2 0 45. (C) AA T = 2 -1 3 -1 4 0 4 - 4 5 = - 1 2 0 2 0 = 0 1 0 0 0 2
31. (A) Since A(adj A) = A I 3
( 3 - l)( - 5 - l) + 16 = 0
- 15 + l2 + 2 l + 16 = 0
l + 2l + 1 = 0
( l + 1) = 0
l = - 1, - 1
1 A(adj A) = 2 0 0
Thus eigen values are -1 , - 1
24. (C) Characteristic equation is A - lI = 0
32. (A) Since the sum of the eigenvalues of an nsquare
matrix is equal to the trace of the matrix (i.e. sum of the
diagonal elements)
-6 2 8 -l -6 - 4 0 7-l = -4 3-l 2 Also, it is easy to prove by induction that cos na sin na (A a )n = cos na - sin na 39. (A) We know that adj (adj A ) = A A. Here n = 3 and A = 3. So, adj (adj A) = 3( 3- 2 ) A = 3A. 40. (C) We have adj (adj A) = A Putting n = 3, we get adj (adj A) = A . 41. (C) Let B = adj (adj A 2 ). Then, B is also a 3 3 matrix.
3-1 4 ( n -1 ) 2 n -2
so, required sum = 8 + 5 + 5 = 18
46. (B) if A is zero, A -1 does not exist and the matrix A
l2 - 18 l2 + 45 l = 0
33. (B) Since the product of the eigenvalues is equal to
l( l - 3)( l - 15) = 0
l = 0 , 3 , 15
the determinant of the matrix so A = 1 2 5 = 10
is said to be singular. Only (B) satisfy this condition. 5 2 A = = (5)(1) - (2)(2) = 1 2 1 47. (A) A skew symmetric matrix A n n is a matrix with A T = -A . The matrix of (A) satisfy this condition.
25. (B) If eigen values of A are l1 , l2 , l3 then the eigen
34. (C)
values of kA are kl1 , kl2 , kl3. So the eigen values of 2A
are 2 , - 4 and 6
cos q cos f cos ( q - f) cos q sin f cos ( q - f) AB = =A cos f sin q cos ( q - f) sin q sin f cos ( q - f)
null matrix when cos ( q - f) = 0
26. (B) If l1 , l2 ,........, l
are the eigen values of a
p This happens when ( q - f) is an odd multiple of . 2
1 1 1 0 (1)(1) + (1)(0) + (0)(1) 1 48. (C) AB = 0 = = 1 0 1 (1)(1) + (0)(0) + (1)(1) 2 1 49. (C) For orthogonal matrix
nonsingular matrix A, then A -1 has the eigen values 1 1 1 1 1 . Thus eigen values of A -1 are , , , , ........, l1 l2 ln 2 3
2
35. (C) Since A + B is defined, A and B are matrices of
the same type, say m n. Also, AB is defined. So, the adj {adj (adj A 2 )} = adj B = B3 = adj (adj A 2 ) = A 2
2 ( 3-1 )
2
-1 . 3 =B
2
number of columns in A must be equal to the number of
rows in B i.e. n = m. Hence, A and B are square matrices
27. (B) If l1 , l2 , ......, l
are the eigen values of a matrix
of the same order.
2 A, then A 2 has the eigen values l1 , l2 , ........, l 2 . So, 2 n
= A 16 = 216
det M = 1 And M -1 = M T , therefore Hence D -1 = D T A C 1 0 -B -1 DT = = D = -BC -C A B 0 -C 1 This implies B = B= B = 1 -BC B Hence B = 1 50. (B) From linear algebra for A n n triangular matrix
n
eigen values of A 2 are 1, 4, 9.
36. (A) Let tan 2 x 42. (C) x 2 x 0 0 1 x -1
[K
A2 = A
2
28. (B) If l1 , l2 ,...., l
are the eigen values of A then
a 1 - tan 2 2 a 2 = 1-t = t, then, cos a = 2 t + t2 2 a 1 + tan 2
the eigen values adj A are = 2t 1 + t2
l1
l2
,......,
; A 0. Thus
2 tan
and sin a =
a 2
0 1 = 2 0 0 , 1
0 1 So, 2 x = 1 x= 1 . 2
det A = aii , The product of the diagonal entries of A

i =1
4 -4 eigenvalues of adj A are , i.e. 2 and-1. 2 4
1 + tan 2
a 2
0 1 = 2 x 0
51. (C ) 43. (D) Inverse matrix is defined for square matrix only.
29. (B) Since, the eigenvalues of A and A T are square so
cos a (I - A ) sin a
- sin a cos a
d( t 2 ) dA dt = t dt d( e ) dt
d(cos t) dt = 2 t - sin t d(sin t) e t cos t dt 52. (A) If det A 0, then A n n is non-singular, but if A n n is non-singular, then no row can be expressed as a linear combination of any other. Otherwise det A = 0 (2)(1) + ( -1)( 3) (2)( -2) + ( -1)( 4) (2)( -5) + ( -1)(0) = (1)(1) + (0)( 3) (1)( -2) + (0)( 4) (1)( -5) + (0)(0) ( -3)(1) + ( 4)( 3) ( -3)( -2) + ( 4)( 4) ( -3)( -5) + ( 4)(0)
the eigenvalues of A are 2 and 4. - sin a cos a
tan
30. (B) Since 1 and 3 are the eigenvalues of A so the
characteristic equation of A is
1 = - tan a 2
a 2 cos a sin a 1
2 -1 1 -2 -5 44. (C) AB = 1 0 3 4 0 -3 4
( l - 1) ( l - 3) = 0 l2 - 4 l + 3 = 0
Also, by CayleyHamilton theorem, every square
matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation so
A 2 - 4 A + 3I 2 = 0
1 - t t 1 + t 2 1 = -t 1 2 t 2 (1 + t )
-2 t (1 + t 2 ) 1 - t2 2 1+ t
************
A = 4 A - 3I 2
A 3 = 4 A 2 - 3A = 4( 4 A - 3I) - 3A
-1 -8 -10 = 1 -2 -5 15 9 -22
A 3 = 13A - 12I 2
a 1 - tan 1 - t 2 = (I + A ) = = t 1 tan a 1 2
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Page 533
Differential Calculus
Chap 9.2
11. log sin ( x + h) when expanded in Taylors series, is equal to (A) log sin x + h cot x (A) 2 cos 2 u (C) 1 tan u 4 (B) 1 sin 2 u 4 (B) log sin x + h cot x + 1 (C) log sin x - h cot x + h2 cosec2 x + K 2 17. If u = tan -1 x (A) (C) sin u 1 sin 2 u 2 u u is +y y x (B) sin 2u (D) 0 (D) None of these p 12. sin x when expanded in powers of x - is 2 2 3 2 p p p x- x- x- 2 2 2 (A) 1 + + + +K 2! 3! 4!
2 2
16. If u = tan -1 x+
x+ y , then x u + y u equals x y y
CHAPTER
1 2 h sec 2 x + K 2
1 2 h cosec2 x + K 2 (D) 2 tan 2 u
9.2
x 3 + y 3 + x 2 y - xy 2 , then the value of x 2 - xy + y 2
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
1. If f ( x) = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 11 x - 6 is on [1, 3], then the point (B) 1 3 5
6. A point on the curve y = x - 2 on [2, 3], where the
tangent is parallel to the chord joining the end points of
c ] 1, 3 [ such that f ( c) = 0 is given by 1 1 (A) c = 2 (B) c = 2 2 3 7 1 (B) , 2 4 9 1 (D) , 2 4 (D) None of these p p x- x- 2 2 2 p (C) x - + + +K 2 3! 5!
the curve is
p p x- x- 2 2 + -K 2! 4!
y y 18. If u = f + xy , then the value of x x x2 (A) 0 (C) 2u

x
2u 2u 2u + 2 xy + y 2 2 , is dx 2 dx dy y (B) u (D) -u 19. If z = e sin y, x = log e t and y = t 2 , then by the expression (A) (C) ex (sin y - 2 t 2 cos y) t ex (cos y + 2 t 2 sin y) t (B) (D) dz is given dt ex (sin y + 2 t 2 cos y) t ex (cos y - 2 t 2 sin y) t 20. If z = z( u, v) , u = x 2 - 2 xy - y 2 , v = a, then (A) ( x + y) (C) ( x + y) z z = ( x - y) y x (B) ( x - y) z z = ( y - x) y x (D) ( y - x) z z = ( x + y) y x
(C) c = 2
1 2
(D) None of these
9 1 (A) , 4 2
2. Let f ( x) = sin 2 x, 0 x
p 2
p and f ( c) = 0 for c ] 0, 2 [.
7 1 (C) , 4 2
Then, c is equal to p (A) 4 (B) 0.20 (D) None (B) 1 + 2 x + 2 x 2 + (C) 1 + 8 3 x +... 3
(B)
7. Let f ( x) = x( x - 1)( x - 2) be defined in [0, 1 ]. Then, the 2
p 3
value of c of the mean value theorem is
(C)
p 6
(D) None
(A) 0.16
p 13. tan + x when expanded in Taylors series, gives 4 4 (A) 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + K 3
(C) 0.24
3. Let f ( x) = x( x + 3) e 2 , -3 x 0. Let c ] - 3, 0 [ such
that f ( c) = 0. Then, the value of c is (B) 6 (D) 2 3
8. Let f ( x) = x 2 - 4 be defined in [2, 4]. Then, the value
of c of the mean value theorem is
x2 x4 + +K 2! 4!
(A) 3
(B) -3
(A) - 6
(D) None of these 14. If u = e xyz , then 3u is equal to x y z (A) e xyz [1 + xyz + 3 x 2 y 2 z 2 ] (B) e xyz [1 + xyz + x 3 y 3z 3 ] (C) e xyz [1 + 3 xyz + x 2 y 2 z 2 ] (D) e xyz [1 + 3 xyz + x 3 y 3z 3 ] 15. If z = f ( x + ay) + f( x - ay), then 2z 2z (A) = a2 2 x 2 y (C) 2z 1 2z =- 2 y 2 a x 2 2z 2z (B) = a2 2 y 2 x (D) 2z 2z = - a2 2 x 2 y
(C) -2
(D) -
1 2
(C)
z z = ( x + y) y x 21. If f ( x, y) = 0, f( y, z) = 0, then (A) (C) f f f f dz = y z x y dx f f dz f f = y z dx x y (B) f f f f dz = y z x x dx (D) None of these
9. Let f ( x) = e x in [0, 1]. Then, the value of c of the (B) ( e - 1) (D) None
4. If Rolles theorem holds for f ( x) = x 3 - 6 x 2 + kx + 5 on 1 , the value of k is [1, 3] with c = 2 + 3 (A) -3 (B) 3
mean-value theorem is
(A) 0.5
(C) 7
(D) 11
(C) log ( e - 1)
5. A point on the parabola y = ( x - 3) 2 , where the
tangent is parallel to the chord joining A (3, 0) and B (4, (B) ( p, - 2)
10. At what point on the curve y = (cos x - 1) in ]0, 2p[ ,
1) is
is the tangent parallel to x axis ?
22. If z = x 2 + y 2 and x 3 + y 3 + 3 axy = 5 a 2 , then at x = a, y = a, (A) 2a (C) 2 a 2

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(A) (7, 1)
3 1 (B) , 2 4 (D) None of these
p (A) , - 1 2
dz is equal to dx (B) 0 (D) a 3

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7 1 (C) , 2 4
1 1 (D) - , 2 2
2 p -3 (C) , 3 2
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UNIT 9
Engineering Mathematics Differential Calculus

Chap 9.2
23. If x = r cos q, y = r sin q where r and q are the (B) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A (A) x > 0 (C) x > 1 (D) x < 1 (B) x < 0 (C) A is true but R is false (D) A is false but R is true
3 3
functions of x, then (B) n( n - 1) u (D) ( n - 1) (A) ] -, [ (C) ] 2, [ u y du 34. If u = x log xy, where x + y + 3 xy = 1, then is dx equal to (A) (1 + log xy) (B) (1 + log xy) (C) 1 (C) (1 - log xy) 2
dx is equal to dt 42. f ( x) = x 2 e - x is increasing in the interval (B) ] -2, 0 [ (D) ] 0, 2 [
2u 2 y y 30. If u = x n -1 yf , then x 2 + y is equal to y x x x 41. If a < 0, then f ( x) = e ax + e - ax is decreasing for
(A) nu
(A) r cos q
dr dq - r sin q dt dt
(B) cos q
dr dq - r sin q dt dt
(C) ( n - 1)
u x
(C) r cos q
dr dq + sin q dt dt
(D) r cos q
dr dq - sin q dt dt
31. Match the ListI with ListII.
ListI x x2 + y y y2 + x increasing on ] 1, 2, [ is (A) 2
2r 2r 24. If r = x + y , then is equal to + dx 2 y 2

2 2 2 2
2u 2u x2 y then x 2 + y (i) If u = x y x x+ y y y2 + x x x2 + y x x2 + y y y2 + x y y + x x x2 + y (A) (C) 2 2
43. The least value of a for which f ( x) = x 2 + ax + 1 is (B) -2 (D) -1
r 2 r 2 (A) r 2 + y x 2u 2u 2u + y2 + 2 xy y 2 x y x 2 (D) (1 - log xy) -
r 2 r 2 (B) 2 r 2 + y x
(ii) If u =
x -y
1 2
1 2
x4 + y4
u u u then x + y2 2 + 2 xy y x y x 2
44. The minimum distance from the point (4, 2) to the parabola y 2 = 8 x, is (B) 2 2 (D) 3 2 45. The co-ordinates of the point on the parabola y = x 2 + 7 x + 2 which is closest to the straight line y = 3 x - 3, are (A) (-2, -8) (C) (-2, 0) (B) (2, -8) (D) None of these 46. The shortest distance of the point (0, c), where (D) None of these 0 c < 5, from the parabola y = x 2 is (A) (B) ] -1, 1 [ (D) None of these
x
2 2 r 1 r (C) 2 + y r x
(D) None of these
(iii) If u = x + y then x 2
1 2
1 2
25. If x = r cos q, y = r sin q, then the value of z z y 35. If z = xyf , then x is equal to +y y x x (A) z (B) 2z u x (C) xz
3 2
is
2q 2q + x 2 y 2
u u y (iv) If u = f then x +y y x x
(A) 0 (2) (4) interval (A) ] 2, 3 [ (III) 3 4 3 4 (C) ] -1, [ 3 4 3 37. f ( x) = 4 (IV) (C) ] -, 2 [ ] 3, (B) ] -, 3 [ 1 u 4 (D) yz
(B) 1
ListII
(C)
r x
(D)
r y
(1) -
3 u 16
26. If u = x m y n , then
(3) 0
36. f ( x) = 2 x - 15 x + 36 x + 1 is increasing in the
(A) du = mx m -1 y n + nx m y n -1
(B) du = mdx + ndy
Correct match is
(C) udu = mxdx + nydy
(D)
dy dx du =m +n y x u
(I)
(II)
(A)
4c + 1 (C) 4c - 1 2
(B)
(B)
x is increasing in the interval ( x 2 + 1)
4c + 1 2 (D) None of these
d2 y 27. If y - 3ax + x = 0, then the value of is equal dx 2 to
(C)
(A) ] -, - 1 [ ] 1, [
a x (A) y5
2a x (B) y5
(D)
32. If an error of 1% is made in measuring the major
(C) (B) 2% (D) 4%
2a x y5
(D) -
38. f ( x) = x 4 - 2 x 2 is decreasing in the interval (A) ] -, -1 [ ] 0, 1 [ (C) ] -, -1 [ ] 1, [ (B) ] -1, 1 [ (D) None of these 39. f ( x) = x 9 + 3 x 7 + 6 is increasing for (A) all positive real values of x (B) all negative real values of x (C) all non-zero real values of x (D) None of these 40. If f ( x) = kx - 9 x + 9 x + 3 is increasing in each
3 2
2a x y5
and minor axes of an ellipse, then the percentage error
1 47. The maximum value of is x (A) e

e
in the area is approximately equal to
(B) e 1 (C) e
1 e
(A) 1%
28. z = tan -1
y , then x
(D) None of these
(C) p%
(A) dz =
xdy - ydx x2 + y2
(B) dz =
xdy + ydx x2 + y2
33. Consider the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) given
below:
250 48. The minimum value of x 2 + is x (A) 75 (C) 25 (B) 50 (D) 0 49. The maximum value of f ( x) = (1 + cos x) sin x is interval, then (A) k < 3 (C) k > 3 (B) k 3 (D) k 3 (C) 4
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(C) dz =
xdx - ydy x2 + y2
(D) dz =
xdx - ydy x2 + y2
29. If u = log
x2 + y2 u u , then x is equal to +y x+ y x y
u u y Assertion (A): If u = xyf , then x = 2u +y y x x Reason (R): Given function u is homogeneous of degree 2 in x and y.
Of these statements
(A) 3
(B) 3 3 (D) 3 3 4
Page 537
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) u
(D) eu
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
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UNIT 9
Engineering Mathematics UNIT 9

50. The greatest value of x sec 2 u x u 1 u 1 = sin u cos u = sin 2 u +y y 2 x 4 x 3 + y 3 + x 2 y - xy 2 = f (say) x 2 - xy + y 2
SOLUTIONS
p p f = 0, f = 1, .... 2 2 13. (B) Let f ( x) = tan x Then, 17. (A) Here tan u =
2 3 p p p x p x p f + x = f + xf + f + f +... 4 4 4 2! 4 3! 4
p p p f = 1, f = 0, f = -1, 2 2 2
u u 1 + y sec 2 u = tan u x y 2
sin 2 x f ( x) = p sin x + 4
1. (B) A polynomial function is continuous as well as
differentiable. So, the given function is continuous and
(A)
p on the interval [0, 2 ] is 1
differentiable.
2 f ( x) = sec 2 , f ( x) = 2sec 2 x tan x, f ( x) = 2sec 4 x + 4sec 2 x tan 2 x etc. Now, p p p p f = 1, f = 2, f = 4, f = 16, ... 4 4 4 4 x2 x3 p Thus tan + x = 1 + 2 x + 4 + 16 + K 2 6 4 = 1 + 2 x + 2 x2 + 8 3 x +K 3
xyz
(B)
f (1) = 0 and f ( 3) = 0. So, f (1) = f ( 3).
(C) 1
(D) - 2
By Rolles theorem Ec such that f ( c) = 0.
Now, f ( x) = 3 x - 12 x + 11
51. If y = a log x + bx 2 + x has its extremum values at
f ( c) = 3c 2 - 12 c + 11.
Which is homogeneous of degree 1 f f Thus x = f +y y x As above question number 16 x f u 1 = sin 2 u +y y 2 x
Now, f ( c) = 0
3c 2 - 12 c + 11 = 0
x = -1 and x = 2, then 1 (A) a = - , b = 2 2 Then u = v + w
(B) a = 2, b = -1
1 c = 2 . 3
(C) a = 2, b = -
1 2
(D) None of these
y y 18. (A) Let v = f and w = xY x x Now v is homogeneous of degree zero and w is homogeneous of degree one
2. (A) Since the sine function is continuous at each
52. 14. (C) Here u = e 2u = ze xyz + yze xyz xz = e xyz ( z + xyz 2 ) xy 3u = e xyz (1 + 2 xyz) + ( z + xyz 2 ) e xyz xy x y z = e xyz (1 + 3 xyz + x 2 y 2 z 2 ) 15. (B) z = f ( x + ay) + f( x - ay) z = f ( x + ay) + f ( x - ay) x u = exyz yz x
The
co-ordinates
of
the
point
on
the
curve
4 x 2 + 5 y 2 = 20 that is farthest from the point (0, -2) are
p x R, so f ( x) = sin 2 x is continuous in 0, . 2
(A) ( 5 , 0)
(B) ( 6 , 0)
Also,
x2 and x 2
2v 2v 2v + y 2 2 = 0....(1) + 2 xy y x y x 2 2w 2w 2w = 0....(2) + y2 + 2 xy y 2 x y x 2 Adding (1) and (2), we get x2 2 2 2 ( v + w) + 2 xy ( v + w) + y 2 2 ( v + w) = 0 y x y x 2 x2 2u 2u 2u + y2 2 = 0 + 2 xy y x y x 2 19. (B) z = e x sin y
(C) (0, 2)
(D) None of these
f ( x) = 2 cos 2 x, which clearly exists for all p p x ]0, [ .So, f ( x) is differentiable in x ]0, [. 2 2
p 53. For what value of x 0 x , the function 2 x has a maxima ? y= (1 + tan x) c= p . 4
p Also, f (0) = f = 0. By Rolles theorem, there exists 2 p c ]0, [ such that f ( c) = 0. 2
(A) tan x
(B) 0
2 cos 2 c = 0
2c =
p 2
(C) cot x
(D) cos x
3. (C) Since a polynomial function as well as an
exponential function is continuous and the product of
two continuous functions is continuous, so f ( x) is

x x
*************
continuous in [-3, 0].
z = e x sin y x z dx 1 And = e x cos y, x = log e t = dt t y And y = t 2
f ( x) = (2 x + 3) e
x 2
- x + 6 - x2 1 -2 2 e ( x + 3 x) = e 2 2 2
2z = f ( x + ay) + f( x - ay)....(1) dx 2 z = af ( x + ay) - af ( x - ay) y 2z = a 2 f ( x + ay) + a 2 f( x - ay)....(2) y 2 Hence from (1) and (2), we get 2z 2z = a2 2 x y 2 x+ y x+ tan u = x+ y x+ y
which clearly exists for all x ] - 3, 0 [.
f ( x) is differentiable in ] -3, 0 [.
dy = 2t dt dz z dx z dy + = dt x dt y dt = e x sin y ex 1 + e x cos y 2 t = (sin y + 2 t 2 cos y) t t 20. (C) Given that
Also, f ( -3) = f (0) = 0.

c
By Rolles theorem c ] -3, 0 [ such that f ( c) = 0.
Now, f ( c) = 0
- c + 6 - c2 e 2 =0 2
16. (B) u = tan -1
y = f (say)
c + 6 - c = 0 i.e. c - c - 6 = 0 c = -2, c = 3.
( c + 2) ( 3 - c) = 0
Hence, c = -2 ] -3, 0 [ .
4. (D) f ( x) = 3c 2 - 12 x + k
Which is a homogeneous equation of degree 1/2 f f 1 By Eulers theorem. x +y = f x y 2

Page 540
z = z( u, v), u = x 2 - 2 xy - y 2 , v = a....(i) z z u z v ....(ii) + = x u x v x z z u z v and = + ....(iii) y u y v y
f ( c) = 0
3c - 12 c + k = 0
(tan u) (tan u) 1 +y = tan u x y 2
From (i), u u v v =2x -2y , = -2 x - 2 y, = 0, =0 x y x y

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Chap 9.2 UNIT 9

Substituting these values in (ii) and (iii) 1

2
z z z = (2 x - 2 y) + 0....(iv) x u v From (i) x2 = y 1+ x 1 1 1 - 1 u = - u 4 2 2 2u 2u 2u = n( n - 1) u + y2 + 2 xy y 2 x dy x 2 2r 2r + =2 + 2 + 4 x 2 y 2 z = x -y -y 2 = 2 2 x x +y 1

2
24. (C) r 2 = x 2 + y 2
r r = 2 x and =2y x y dz z z dy = + ....(ii) dx x y dx
and
2r 2r = 2 and =2 x 2 y 2 z = y y 1+ x x 1 = 2 2 x x + y
In (c) u = x1 2 + y1 2 It is a homogeneous function of 1 degree . 2
z z z and 0....(v) ( -2 x - 2 y) + = v y u
From (iv) and (v), we get
r r and + = 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 4 r 2 y x
( x + y)
z z = ( y - x) x y
2 2 r r y 1 r + 2 = 2 + 2 y y r x x
y In (d)u = f It is a homogeneous function of degree x zero. u u = 0. u = 0 +y x y x Hence correct match is a 2 b 1 c 3 d 4 32. (B) Let 2a and 2b be the major and minor axes of the ellipse Area A = pab log A = log p + log a + log b
21. (C) Given that f ( x, y) = 0, f( y, z) = 0
These are implicit functions 29. (B) u = log f is a homogeneous function of degree one x or xe u or, x u u =1 +y y x u u = eu + ye u y x f f = f +y y x x e u e u = eu +y y x x2 + y2 x2 + y2 , eu = = f (say) x+ y x+ y
25. (A) x = r cos q ,
y = r sin q
Substituting these in (ii), we get -y dz x dy xdy - ydx , dz = + = dx x 2 + y 2 x 2 + y 2 dx x2 + y2
tan q =
y x
y q = tan -1 x
f dy = - x , f dx y
f dz y =f dy z
1 -y q -y = = x 1 + ( y x) 2 x 2 x 2 + y 2
-2 xy 2q and = x 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2
f f dy dz x y = dx dy f f y z
Similarly
2q 2 xy 2q 2q and =0 = + y 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 x 2 y 2
f f dz f f or, = y z dx x y
26. (D) Given that u = x m y n
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get y 30. (C) Given that u = x n -1 yf . x
22. (B) Given that z = x 2 + y 2
log u = m log x + n log y
and x 3 + y 3 + 3axy = 5 a 2 ...(i) dz z z dy ....(ii) + = dx x y dx
Differentiating with respect to x, we get dy 1 du 1 1 dy du dx or, =m + n = m + n y x u dx x y dx u
from (i),
1 z z = 2x , = x 2 x 2 + y 2 y 2 x
2
x2 + y2
2y
27. (D) Given that f ( x, y) = y 3 - 3ax 2 + x 3 = 0
It is a homogeneous function of degree n u u Eulers theorem x = nu +y y x Differentiating partially w.r.t. x, we get 2u 2 u u n u = +y + x y x x 2 x u 2u 2u x 2 +y = ( n - 1) x y x x
and 3 x 2 + 3 y 2
fx = - 6 ax + 3 x 2 , f y = 3 y 2 , fxx = - 6 a + 6 x ,
(log A) = (log p) + (log a) + (log b) A a b =0 + + A a b 100 100 100 A = a + b A a b 100 100 But it is given that a = 1, and b = 1 a b 100 A = 1 + 1 = 2 A Thus percentage error in A =2% y 33. (A) Given that u = xyf . Since it is a homogeneous x function of degree 2.
dy dy + 3ax + 3ay.1 = 0 dx dx
f yy = 6 y , fxy = 0
x 2 + ay dy = - 2 y + ax dx
fxx ( f y) - 2 fx f y fxy + f yy( fx ) d y =- ( f y) 3 dx 2
Substituting these value in (ii), we get
dz = dx
x +y
31. (B) In (a) u = degree 2.
x 2 + ay - 2 x + y y + ax
( 6 x - 6 a( 3 y 2 ) 2 - 0 + 6 y( 3 x 2 - 6 ax) 2 = - (3 y2 )3 2 = - 5 ( -ax 3 - ay 3 + 4 a 2 x 2 ) y x
x2 y It is a homogeneous function of x+ y
By Eulers theorem x Thus x u u 2u 2u (as in question 30) = = ( n - 1) +y x x x y x 2 In (b) u = x1 2 - y1 2 . It is a homogeneous function of x1 4 + y1 4 1 1 1 degree - = 2 4 4
u u = nu (where n = 2) +y y x u u = 2u +y y x 34. (A) Given that u = x log xy....(i) x 3 + y 3 + 3 xy = 1....(ii) u u u dy we know that ....(ii) + = x x y dx x2 = 2u 2u 2u + 2 xy + y 2 2 = n( n - 1) u x 2 x y y 1 1 3 u - 1 u = 4 4 16 From (i) and u 1 = x y + log xy = 1 + log xy x xy u 1 x = x x= y xy y
a dz = + dx ( a , a ) a2 + a2
a 2 + aa =0 - 2 a + a a + a. a
=-
2 [ -a( a 3 + y 3) + 4 a 2 x 2 ] y5
23. (B) Given that x = r cos q, y = r sin q....(i)
=-
2 [ -a( 3ax 2 ) + 4 a 2 x 2 ] [ \ x 3 + y 3 - 3ax 2 = 0] y5
dx x dr x dq ....(ii) + = dt r dt q dt y ....(i) x
=-
2a x y5
From (i),
x x = cos q, = - r sin q r q
Substituting these values in (ii), we get
28. (A) Given that z = tan -1
dx dr dq = cos q - r sin q dt dt dt
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Chap 9.2 UNIT 9

From (ii), we get 51. (C) dy =0 dx ( x = -1 ) a + 4b + 1 = 0 2 - a - 2b + 1 = 0 dy =0 dx (x = 2 ) x= 1 e a + 8 b = -2....(ii) 1 and a = 2. 2
Now, D = (2 t 2 - 4) 2 + ( 4 t - 2) 2 is minimum when 1 47. (B) Let y = then, y = x - x x d2 y 1 = x - x (1 + log x) 2 - x - x dx 2 x dy =0 1 + log x = 0 dx

-
3 x2 + 3 y2 dy = - x - x (1 + log x) dx
dy dy + 3 x + y 1 = 0 dx dx
x2 + y dy = - 2 y + x dx
E = (2 t - 4) + ( 4 t - 2) is minimum.
dy a = + 2 bx + 1 dx x a + 2 b = 1....(i)
Substituting these in (A), we get
x x 2 + y du = (1 + log xy) + - 2 y y + x dx
1 -1 e
Now, E = 4 t 4 - 16 t + 20 dE = 16 t 3 - 16 = 16 ( t - 1) ( t 2 + t + 1) dt dE =0 t =1 dt Solving (i) and (ii) we get b = -
35. (B) The given function is homogeneous of degree 2. z z Eulers theorem x = 2z +y y x d2 y 1 dx 2 1 = - e x = < 0.
e
d2 E d2 E = 48 > 0. = 48 t 2 . So, 2 dt 2 dt ( t =1 )
So, t = 1 is a point of minima. 1 So, x = is a point of maxima. Maximum value = e1 e . e ellipse. 48. (A) f ( x) = 2 x f ( x) = 0 2x x = 5. or p = 10 250 Thus minimum value = 25 + = 75. 5 49. (D) f ( x) = (2 cos x - 1)(cos x + 1) and ( x + 2) 2 + 1 f (5) = 6 > 0. So, x = 5 is a point of minima. 250 =0 x2
36. (C) f ( x) = 6 x 2 - 30 x + 36 = 6( x - 2)( x - 3)
Thus Minimum distance = (2 - 4) 2 + ( 4 - 2) 2 = 2 2 .
52. (C) The given curve is
x2 y2 + = 1 which is an 5 4
Clearly, f ( x) > 0 when x < 2 and also when x > 3. 250 500 and f ( x) = 2 + 3 x x2
45. (A) Let the required point be P ( x, y). Then,
Let the required point be ( 5 cos f , 2 sin f). Then, D = ( 5 cos f - 0) 2 + (2 sin f + 2) 2 is maximum when z = D 2 is maximum
f ( x) is increasing in ] -, 2 [ ] 3, [. 10
perpendicular distance of P ( x, y) from y - 3 x + 3 = 0 is
37. (B) f ( x) =
( x 2 + 1) - 2 x 2 1 - x2 = 2 ( x 2 + 1) 2 ( x + 1) 2
p=
y - 3x + 3
10
x2 + 7 x + 2 - 3 x + 3
Clearly, ( x + 1) > 0 for all x.
x2 + 4 x + 5
So, f ( x) > 0
(1 - x 2 ) > 0
10
( x + 2) 2 + 1
10
z = 5 cos 2 f + 4 (1 + sin f) 2 dz = -10 cos f sin f + 8(1 + sin f) cos f df dz =0 df x = p 3 or cos f = 0 2 cos f ( 4 - sin f) = 0 p f= . 2 dz = - sin 2 f + 8 cos f df when f = p d 2z , < 0. 2 df2 d 2z = -2 cos 2 f - 8 sin f df2
(1 - x) (1 + x) > 0
This happens when -1 < x < 1.
dp 2 ( x + 2) d p 2 So, and = = dx dx 2 10 10
So, f ( x) is increasing in ] -1, 1 [.
dp =0 dx
d p > 0. x = -2, Also, dx 2 x = -2
38. (A) f ( x) = 4 x 3 - 4 x = 4 x( x - 1)( x + 1). x = p.
So, x = -2 is a point of minima.
Clearly, f ( x) < 0 when x < - 1 and also when x > 1.
When x = -2, we get y = ( -2) 2 + 7 ( -2) + 2 = -8.
f ( x) = - sin x(1 + 4 cos x). 1 or cos x = -1 f ( x) = 0 cos x = 2
Sol. f ( x) is decreasing in ] -, -1 [ ] 1, [.
The required point is ( -2, - 8).
39.(C) f ( x) = 9 x8 + 21 x6 > 0 for all non-zero real values
46. (C) Let A (0, c) be the given point and P ( x, y) be any
p -3 3 f = < 0. So, x = p 3 is a point of maxima. 2 3 p p 3 3 . Maximum value = sin 1 + cos = 3 3 4 50. (C) f ( x) = 2 sin x cos x sin x + cos x 2 = 2 2 2 2 (say), = (sec x + cosec x) z where z = (sec x + cosec x). cos x dz = sec x tan x - cosec x cot x = (tan 3 x - 1). sin 2 x dx dz =0 dx tan x = 1 x=
of x.
point on y = x 2 .
D = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 is shortest when E = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 is
40. (C) f ( x) = 3kx 2 - 18 x + 9 = 3 [ kx 2 - 6 x + 3]
p z is maximum when f = . So, the required point is 2 p p 5 cos , sin i.e. (0, 2). 2 2 53. (D) Let z = Then, 1 + tan x 1 tan x = + x x x 1 dz d 2z 2 = - 2 + sec 2 x and = + 2sec2 x tan x dx x dx 2 x 3 dz 1 x = cos x. =0 - 2 + sec 2 x = 0 x dx d 2z = 2 cos 3 x + 2sec2 x tan x > 0. dx 2 x = cos x p p in 0, . 4 2 Thus z has a minima and therefore y has a maxima at x = cos x.
shortest.
This is positive when k > 0 and 36 - 12 k < 0 or k > 3.
Now,
41. (A) f ( x) = ( e ax + e - ax ) = 2 cosh ax.
E = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 = y + ( y - c) 2 E = y 2 + y - 2 cy + c2
f ( x) = 2 a sinh ax < 0 When x > 0 because a < 0
dE d2 E = 2 y + 1 - 2 c and = 2 > 0. dy dy 2
42. (D) f ( x) = - x 2 e - x + 2 xe - x = e - x x(2 - x).
dE =0 dy
Clearly, f ( x) > 0 when x > 0 and x < 2.

2
1 y =c - 2
43. (B) f ( x) = (2 x + a) 1 2 . .. x = y = c - 2
1 Thus E minimum, when y = c - 2
1 < x <2
2 <2x < 4 2 + a <2x + a < 4 + a
(2 + a) < f ( x) < ( 4 + a).
1 1 Also, D = c - + c - - c 2 2
dz Sign of changes from -ve to +ve when x passes dx through the point p 4. So, z is minimum at x = p 4 and therefore, f ( x) is maximum at x = p 4. 2 2 Maximum value = = 1. [sec( p 4) + cosec ( p 4)]
Page 543 Page 544
For f ( x) increasing, we have f ( x) > 0.
= c-
\ + a 0 or a - 2. So, least value of a is -2. 2
1 4c - 1 = 4 2
************
44. (B) Let the point closest to (4, 2) be (2 t 2 , 4).
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UNIT 9
9. x2 + x + 1 2x + 1 (A) 3 3 2x + 1 3 2x + 1 (D) None of these 16.

2 2
2x + 3 dx is equal to
2
15. + x3 is equal to 1 ( x + 1) + tan -1 x log 2 2 x +1 1 4 1 ( x + 1) 2 - 2 tan -1 x log 2 x +1 2 ( x + 1) 2 -1 log x 2 + 1 + 2 tan x
1+ x + x
dx
CHAPTER
(B) (B) (C) 2 x 2 + x + 1 + sinh -1 (C) (D) 2 x 2 + x + 1 - sinh -1 3 sin x x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1 2x + 1
(A) 2 x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1
9.3
10. x-x x - x2 + c (D) tan dx is equal to 1
-1
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
is equal to (B) sin -1 (2 x - 1) + c (2 x - 1) + c 17. dx (A) (C) log (2 x - 1) + c (B) 2 tan -1 (tan x) 11. 1 -2x - x
2
1 - sin x dx
is equal to (B) - x + sec x + tan x (D) - x - sec x - tan x
(A) - x + sec x + tan x + k (C) - x + sec x - tan x

x
1. 1
(D) 2 tan -1 ( 1 tan x) 2 (A) 1 2 2 cosh -1 (B) 2 1 + x (D) -
x dx is equal to x2 + 1
dx 5. is equal to 1 + 3 sin 2 x
(A) e x f ( x)
e { f ( x) + f ( x)} dx is equal to
(C) e + f ( x)
x
(B) e x f ( x) (D) None of these 18. The value of (A) e x tan

x
(A)
1 log ( x 2 + 1) 2 2 cosh -1 1 + x 2
(B) log ( x 2 + 1)
(A)
1 2
tan -1 (tan x)
(C)
1 2
tan -1 (2 tan x)
( x + 1)
(C) tan
-1
x 2
(D) 2 tan
-1
6. 2 (C) - 2 cosh -1 1 + x
3 sin x + 4 cos x dx is equal to
2 sin x + 3 cos x
e 1 + cos x dx is
2 cosh -1 1 + x x +c 2 (C) e x tan x + c 19. (B) e x cot x +c 2 (D) e x cot x + c
1 + sin x
2. If F ( a) =
1 , log a
a > 1 and F ( x) = a 2 dx + K is equal
(A)
9 1 x+ log( 3 sin x + 4 cos x) 25 25
to dx 12. is equal to sin x + cos x (A) 2 1 1 p log tan x + 4
(B)
(A)
1 ( a x - a a + 1) log a
(B)
1 (ax - aa) log a
18 2 x+ log( 3 sin x + 4 cos x) 25 25
(C)
(C) (C)
1 ( a x + a a + 1) log a
(D)
18 1 x+ log( 3 sin x + 4 cos x) 25 25
1 ( a x + a a - 1) log a
(B)
1 2 (D) 1
x
x p log tan + 2 6 x p log tan + 2 4 4
x3 dx is equal to +1 (A) x 2 + log ( x 2 + 1) + c (B) log ( x 2 + 1) - x 2 + c (C) 1 2 1 x - log ( x 2 + 1) + c 2 2
(D) None of these
3. 25 18 3 13. 3x - 4 sin -1 5
1 + sin x
dx
is equal to
7.
3 + 8 x - 3 x dx is equal to
x p log tan + 2 2 8 dx
(A)
3x - 4
(A) - cot x + cosec x + c
(B) cot x + cosec x + c
3 3
3 + 8 x - 3 x2 -
sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
is equal to
(D)
1 2 1 x + log( x 2 + 1) + c 2 2 20. sin -1 x dx is equal to
(C) tan x - sec x + c 25
(D) tan x + sec x + c
(B)
3x - 4 25 3 3x - 4 3 + 8 x - 3 x2 + sin -1 6 18 5 3x - 4 sin -1 18 3 5
(A) sin( x - a) log sin( x - b) x -a (B) log sin x -b sin( x - a) (C) sin( a - b) log sin( x - b) (D) sin( x - a) 1 log sin( a - b) sin( x - b) 14.
4.
2x
( 3 x + 1) dx is equal to 2 -2x + 3
(C)
3x - 4
6 3
3 + 8 x - 3 x2 -
(A) x sin -1 x + 1 - x 2 + c
(B) x sin -1 x - 1 - x 2 + c (C) x sin -1 x + 1 + x 2 + c 21. (D) x sin -1 x - 1 - x 2 + c
(A)
2x -1 5 3 log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + tan -1 5 2 4
(D) None of these
8. (B) 2 23 (D) None of these 1 sinh -1 4x + 3
2x -1 4 (B) log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + 5 tan -1 5 3
dx
2 x2 + 3 x + 4
is equal to
sin x + cos x 1 + sin 2 x (A) sin x (C) cos x
dx is equal to (B) x (D) tan x
(A)
sin -1
4x + 3
23
2x -1 4 2 (C) log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + tan -1 5 3 5
(C)
(D)
cosh
-1
4x + 3
dx is equal to -1 (A) log ( e - 1)

x
22. The value of (B) log (1 - e )

x
23
(A) -1/2 (C) log ( e - x - 1)

Page 545 Page 546
5 x - 3 dx is
0
(B) 13/10 (D) log (1 - e x ) (C) 1/2

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2x -1 3 2 log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + tan -1 5 4 5
(D) 23/10
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UNIT 9
Engineering Mathematics Integral calculus

Chap 9.3
39. Let 3 x + 1 = p( 4 x - 2) + q I= = 3 4x -2 5 dx dx + 2 4 2 x2 - 2 x + 3 2 2x -2x + 3 p= 3 5 , q = 4 2
(x
1. (A)
2
+ y 2 ) dydx is equal to
4. (A) Let I =
0 x
SOLUTIONS
x
x dx +1
3x + 1 dx 2 x2 - 2 x + 3
(A)
7 60 (D) None of these
(B)
3 35
46. The area bounded by the curve r = q cos q and the p lines q = 0 and q = is given by 2 p p2 p p2 (B) (A) - 1 - 1 4 16 16 6
(C)
4 49 Put x 2 + 1 = t 2 xdx = dt 1 1 x x 2 + 1 dx = 2 t dt = = 1 1 log t = log ( x 2 + 1) 2 2
(D) None of these
(C)
p 16
p2 16 - 1
1 + x2
40. The value of

p2
dy dx is
a cos 2 q
47. The area of the lemniscate r 2 = a 2 cos 2 q is given by (B) 2

0 p a cos 2 q 0
3 5 dx log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + 2 2 4 4 5 1 x- + 2 2 x-
(A) rdrdq K = dydx F ( x) = dxdy 3. (C) = dx ax 1 - aa 1 + = [ a x - a a + 1] log a log a log a F ( a) =

x
p log ( 2 + 1) 4
(B) ax 2. (A) F ( x) = a dx + K = +K log a aa +K log a
p4
cos 2 q
p log ( 2 - 1) 4
(A) 4 rdrdq (D) 2

0 0
rdrdq
p2
a cos 2 q
(C)
p log ( 2 + 1) 2
(D) None of these
(C) 4
rdrdq
5 1 3 log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + tan -1 4 4 5 2
1 2 5 2
41. If A is the region bounded by the parabolas y = 4 x

1
x2 4
48. The area of the region bounded by the curve 1 1 - aa aa = log a log a log a =
ydxdy is equal to
(B)
0
3x ( x 2 + 2)
y ( x 2 + 2) = 3 x and 4 y = x 2 is given by
5. (C) Let I =
dx 1 + 3 sin 2 x cosec2 x dx cosec2 x dx = cosec 2 x + 3 (1 + cot2 x) + 3 Put cot x = t - cosec2 x dx = dt 1 -dt t 1 cot x = cot-1 = cot-1 I = 4 + t2 2 2 2 2 = 1 tan -1 (2 tan x) 2 6. (C) Let I =
(B)
y= 0
and x 2 = 4 y, then 48 (A) 5
36 5
(A) (D)
y= 0 y= x 2 4 1
x2 4
1 + sin x
2
y= 0
dxdy
(C)
(D) None of these
32 5
(C)
3x ( x 2 + 2)
y= x 2 4
dydx
42. The area of the region bounded by the curves
x + y = a and x + y = a in the first quadrant is given (B) pa h

2
49. The volume of the cylinder x 2 + y 2 = a 2 bounded
below by z = 0 and bounded above by z = h is given by
by (D) None of these
a2 - x 2
a2 - x 2
(A) pah
(A)
dxdy
(B)
a-x
dxdy
(C)
1 pa 3h 3
2 sin x + 3 cos x dx 3 sin x + 4 cos x Let (2 sin x + 3 cos x) = p( 3 cos x - 4 sin x) + q( 3 sin x + 4 cos x) p= I= 1 18 , q= 25 25 1 25 =
a 2 - y2 a
(C) (B) (D) None of these 3 ( e - 1) 2
a-x
dxdy
(D) None of these
50.
1 1 1
0 0 0
e x + y+ z dxdydz is equal to
43. The area bounded by the curves y = 2 x , y = - x,
(A) ( e - 1) 3
x = 1 and x = 4 is given by
(C) ( e - 1) 2
(A) 25
(B)
3 sin x + 4 cos x dx + 25 3 sin x + 4 cos x dx

1 18 log ( 3 sin x + 4 cos x) + x 25 25
2 2
3 cos x - 4 sin x
18
3 sin x + 4 cos x
33 2 (B) -4 (D) None of these
51.
x+ z
-1
x -z
( x + y + z) dy dx dz is equal to
47 (C) 4
101 (D) 6
(A) 4
44. The area bounded by the curves y 2 = 9 x, x - y + 2 = 0
(C) 0
7. (B)
= 3 1 2
3 + 8 x - 3 x 2 dx = 3
4 5 - x - dx 3 3 4 2 2 2 x - 4 5 4 5 -1 3 x - - x - + sin 5 3 3 3 3 3 = 25 3 3x - 4 3x - 4 3 + 8 x - 3 x2 + sin -1 18 5 6 8. (B) = tan x - sec x + c dx = 2 x2 + 3 x + 4

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is given by
(A) 1
(B)
1 2
(C)
3 2
(D)
5 4
*************
45. The area of the cardioid r = a (1 + cos q) is given by
a (1 + cos q)
(A) 2
q= 0 r = 0
rdrdq
a (1 + cos q)
(B) 2
r=a
rdrdq
dx x x x x + cos 2 + 2 sin cos sin 2 2 2 2 x sec 2 dx 2 = = dx 2 2 x x x 1 + tan cos + sin 2 2 2 x Put 1 + tan = t 2 x 2 dt 2 sec2 dx = 2 dt 2 dt = - + K 2 t t x -2 cos -2 2 = +K +K = x x x cos + sin 1 + tan 2 2 2 x x x -2 cos cos - sin 2 2 2 +K = x x x x cos + sin cos - sin 2 2 2 2 x x x -2 cos 2 + 2 sin cos 2 2 2 +K = x x cos 2 - sin 2 2 2 -(1 + cos x) + sin x = + k = tan x - sec x - 1 + K cos x
dx
p2
a (1 + cos q)
(C) 2
r=0
rdrdq
p4
a (1 + cos q)
(D) 2
r=0
rdrdq
23 3 x+ + 4 4
Page 548
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Page 549
UNIT 9

Chap 9.3
= = = (cos x + cos x) 2 sin x + cos x dx = dx = x sin x + cos x

35 35 1
1 (sin 2 x + cos 2 x) + 2 sin x cos x sin x + cos x dx 1 - (1 - sin x) dx 1 - sin x 1 1 + sin x dx - dx = dx - x 1 - sin x 1 - sin 2 x = 1 + sin x dx - x = (sec 2 x + sec x tan x) dx - x cos 2 x 22. (D)
0 0 35
sinh -1
x+ = dx
= = = tan x + sec x - x dx = e x f ( x) dx + e x f ( x) dx = { f ( x) e x - f ( x) ex dx} + ex f ( x) dx = f ( x) ex = 17. (B) Let I = e x { f ( x) + f ( x)} dx
3 4 = 1 sinh -1 4 x + 3 2 23 23 4
dx 1 = p 2 sin x + 4
cosec x + 4 dx
16. (B) Let I = sin x dx 1 - sin x
sin x + cos x
9. (B)
2x + 3
p 1 1 1 x p log tan + - log cot x + = 2 4 2 2 2 8
x2 + x + 1
dx
2x + 1
x2 + x + 1
dx +
2 dx
13. (D)
1
dx
x2 + x + 1
2x + 1
dx
1 = sin( a - b)
sin( a - b) dx sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
5 x - 3 dx = - 5 x - 3 dx + 5 x - 3 dx
35
x2 + x + 1
dx + 2
3 1 x+ + 2 2
1 sin( a - b)
sin [( x - b) - ( x - a)]
5 x2 5 = - x2 + 3 x + 2 - 3x 2 0 3 5 9 5 9 9 9 =+ + - 3 - - 10 5 2 10 5 9 1 9 13 + - + = 10 2 10 10
1 1
1 sin ( a - b)
( x 2 + x + 1)1 2 = + 2 sinh -1 1 2 1 + sin x 18. (A) Let I = e x 1 + cos x dx

x
1 x+ 2 3 2 23. (B)
sin( x - b) cos( x - a) - cos( x - b) sin( x - a) dx sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
= 2 x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1
2x + 1
1 [cot( x - a) - cot( x - b)]dx sin( a - b)
e
0
dx = + e- x Put e x = t
e
0
e x dx 2x +1
e
10. (B) =
-x
x x 1 x e sec 2 dx + e x tan dx 2 2 2
dx
=I
1 [log sin ( x - a) - log sin ( x - b)] dx = sin ( a - b)
x 1- x
x x 1 + 2 sin cos 2 2 dx =e x 2 cos 2 2
e x dx = dt = = tan -1 e - tan -1 1 = tan -1 e c c
Put x = sin 2 q dx = 2 sin q cos q dq 2 sin q cos q 2 sin q cos q I = dq = dq sin q cos q sin q 1 - sin 2 q = = e x tan
3
sin( x - a) 1 = log sin ( a - b) sin( x - b)
t
p 4 24. (D)
dt e = [tan -1 t ]1 +1
14. (D) Let I =
I = 2 dq = 2 q + c = 2 sin x +c 2
2
-1
x+c
dx e dx = - 1 1 - e- x
x x x 1 x x x e 2 tan - e 2 tan dx + e tan dx 2 2 2 2
x(1 - x) dx = ( x - x ) dx
2 0 0
I = sin
-1
(2 x - 1) + c
Put 1 - e - x = t e - x dx = dt dt I = = log t = log (1 - e - x ) t 19. (C) I =

2
11. (D) Let I = =
( x + 1) 1 - 2 x - x 2
dx
1 1 1 = x 2 - x 3 = c 2 ( 3 - 2 c) 3 0 6 2
c
15. (B) Let I =
x x x dx = 2 dx x2 + 1 x +1
1 Put x + 1 = t
1 dx = - 2 dt t
dx 1 + x + x2 + x3
dx (1 + x) (1 + x 2 )
x( x + 1 - 1) x dx = xdx - 2 dx x2 + 1 x +1
x(1 - x) dx = 0 c= 3 2
1 2 c ( 3 - 2 c) = 0 6
1 - 2 dt t
dt
I =
=-
2 t2 - 1
Let
A Bx + C 1 = + (1 + x)(1 + x 2 ) 1 + x 1 + x 2
1 1 = x 2 - log ( x 2 + 1) + c 2 2 20. (A) Let I = sin 1 = sin -1 x x - = x sin

-1 -1
25. (D) Put x 2 + x = t x dx = sin 1 - x2 xx x dx dx 1 - x2 In second part put 1 - x 2 = t 2 xdx = - tdt = x sin -1 x + dt = x sin -1 x + t = x sin -1 x + 1 - x 2 + c 21. sin x + cos x dx 1 + sin 2 x
-1
x 1 dx
1
(2 x + 1) dx = dt
1 1 1 1 - 2 - 1 - - 1 t t t
1 = A(1 + x 2 ) + ( Bx + C)(1 + x)
=-
dt
=-
cosh -1
Comparing the coefficients of x 2 , x and constant terms,
2x + 1 x + x2
p
dx =
0
dt t
= 2( t ) = 2 2
1 2 2 0
A + B = 0, B + C = 0, C + A = 1
1 t2 - 2
26. (A)
=-
x
p
sin 5 xdx Since, f ( - x) = ( - x) 4 sin 5 ( - x) = -x 4 sin 5 x f ( x) is odd function thus

p
2 cosh -1 x + 1
Solving these equations, we get 1 1 1 A = , B=- , C= 2 2 2 1 1 1 x -1 dx I = dx - 2 2 1+ x 2 x +1
dx 12. (C) sin x + cos x
1 1 1 log (1 + x) - log ( x 2 + 1) + tan -1 x 2 2 2
x
p
sin 5 x dx = 0
p2 p2
sin x cos
dx p p + cos x sin 4 4
1 ( x + 1) 2 log 2 + 2 tan -1 x 4 x +1
27. (A)
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cos
0
x dx =
1 (cos 2 x + 1) dx 2
Page 551
Page 550
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UNIT 9

Chap 9.3
p2
1 1 1 x2 1 + x2 p = 100 sin x dx = 100( - cos x) 0 0 0 0
=
0
p 40. (D)
0
1 1 sin 2 x + x 2 2 0
p p = 2 sin (1 - t) - dt = 4 2 0
2 sin 4 - 2 t dt
dx dydx = [ y ]01 + = 100( - cos p + cos 0) = 100(1 + 1) = 200. 36. (C) Let I = cos m x sin nx dx = f ( x) dx
0 0 p p
p
1
= = 1 + x 2 dx
0
1 1 p (sin p - sin 0) + - 0 2 2 2
p p = - 2 sin t - dt = - 1 4 2 0
= Where f ( x) = cos m x sin n x f ( p - x) = cos m ( p - x) sin n ( p - x) = ( - cos x) m (sin x) n = -cos m x sin n x, if m is odd
p A 2a
1 1 p p (0 - 0) - 0 + = 2 2 2 4 1 = [ x 1 + x 2 + log( x + 1 + x 2 )]1 0 2 1 = [ 2 + log (1 + 2 )] 2
2I = 0
I =0
2a
31. (C) Let I =
41. (A) Let I = ydxdy,
f ( x) dx ....(1) f ( x) + f (2 a - x)
2a
3 1 G G 1 p p2 p 2 2 Aliter 1. cos 2 x dx = = 2 = 2 4 4 0 2 G 2 I = cos m x sin n x dx = 0, if m is odd

0 4 2 x p
I=
f (2 a - x) + f ( x) dx....(2)
=
2a 0 0
f (2 a - x)
p2
Aliter 2. Use Wallis Rule
cos 1 dx = [ x ]
= 2a 37. (A) Let I = xF (sin x) dx ....(1)
0 4 p
x =
Adding (1) and (2), we get
1 p p = 2 2 4
2a
2I = A =
f ( x) + f (2 a - x) dx
0 x2 4
f ( x) + f (2 a - x)
Solving the given equations y 2 = 4 x and x 2 = 4 y , we get x = 0, x = 4 . The region of integration A is given by
4
28. (B) Let I = a 2 - x 2 dx xdx

0 p
= ( x - p) F [sin ( p - x)]dx I =
0
I = a
y2
2 x
dx
0
x2 4
ydydx = 2
1 2
32. (C) Let I =
Put x = a sin q dx = a cos q dq when x = 0, q = 0, p when x = a, q = 2
( p - x) F(sin x) dx ....(2)
p
1 - x2
1- x
48 x5 x4 1 dx = x 2 4x = 160 0 5 2 10 0 42. (A) The curves are x 2 + y 2 = a 2 ... x + y = a... ....(i) ....(ii) The curves (i) and (ii) intersect at A (a, 0) and B (0,a)
a a2 - x 2
p2
Put Adding (1) and (2), we get 2 I = pF (sin x) dx

0
1 - x2 = t
I = a - a sin q a cos q dq
( -2 x) dx = dt
= a 2 cos 2 q dq = a 2
1
p2
0 p
1 p (By Wallis Formula) 2 2 I=
2 1 - x2
when x = 0, t = 1, when x = 1, t = 0
pa 2 = 4 1 pF (sin x) dx 2 0
p2
I = -e dt = -[ e ] = -[ e - e ] = e - 1
t 0 1
a x
Aliter: 38. (B) Let I =

1
p2 p2
a - x dx
The required area A =
x =0
y= a - x
dydx
43. (D) The given equations of the curves are
dx 33. (B) Let I = 1 - x + x2 0
e 2 x x + 2 tan dx sec 2 2 2
x
1 pa 2 pa 2 x 1 = x a 2 - x 2 + a 2 sin -1 = 0 + = 4 4 2 a 0 2 x 1 = e xsec 2 dx + 2 0 2
p2
dx
y = 2 x i.e., y 2 = 4 x....(i) x e tan 2 dx = I1 + I 2 0

4 2 x 4 4
y = - x....(ii) If a figure is drawn then from fig. the required area is A =
29. (D) Let I = log (tan x) dx ....(1) Here, I1 =
p2
3 1 x- + 2 2
1 x- 1 2 tan -1 3 3 2 0 2
p2
x 1 x e sec 2 dx 2 0 2
p2 p2
1 -x
dydx = [ y ]
1 x 0
p2
2 x -x
= [2 x + x ]dx
1
p I = log tan - x dx 2 0
p2
2 1 1 2 p p -1 = - tan -1 + tan 3 3 3 3 6 6
I = log (cot x)....(2)
2p
x 1 1 = e x 2 tan 2 0 2 2
e
p = e p 2 tan - 0 4
2 tan
x dx 2
32 4 1 101 = + 8 - + = 6 3 3 2
x 0
p2
3 3
0 1
2p 3 9
Adding (1) and (2), we get
e
= e - I 2 , I1 + I 2 = e I = I1 + I 2 = e p 2
1 x
p2
tan
x dx 2
44. (B) The equations of the given curves are y 2 = 9 x....(i) A(1, 3) and B(4, 6) If a figure is drawn then from fig. the required area is
1 x 4 3 x 4
x - y + 2 = 0....(ii) The curves (i) and (ii) intersect at
p2
2 I = [log (tan x) + log (cot x)]dx

0 0 -1
34. (B) Let I = + [ x ]1 0
-1
-x dx + dx = x -1 x
x dx x
= log (tan x cot x) dx
p2
-1
-1dx + 1 dx = -[ x ]
p
39. (B)
1
p2
= - [0 - ( -1)] + [1 - 0 ] = 0
1 3 2 2 2 ( x + y ) dy dx = x y + 3 y x dx 0 x 1 1 = x 5 2 + x 3 2 - x 3 - x 3 dx 3 3 0
1
A =
4
1 x+ 2
dydx = [ y ]
1
3 x x+ 2
dx
4
= log 1 dx = 0
0
I =0
35. (C)
100 p
|sin x|dx = 100 |sin x|dx
1 = [ 3 x - ( x + 2)]dx = 2 x 3 2 - x 2 - 2 x 2 1 1 2 52 1 4 3 2 = x7 2 + x - x = 15 3 0 35 7 1 1 = (16 - 8 - 8) - 2 - - 2 = 2 2
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pt p 30. (D) Let I = 2 sin - dt ....(i) 2 4 0
[ . .. sin x is periodic with period p]
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Page 553
UNIT 9
Engineering Mathematics Complex Variables

Chap 9.5
45. (A) The equation of the cardioid is

A
Thus the equation volume is V = 4 zdxdy 10. The integration of f ( z) = x 2 + ixy from A(1, 1) to B(2, 17. The value of f ( 3) is (A) 6 (C) -4i (D) 0 18. The value of f (1 - i) is (A) 7 ( p + i2) (C) 2 p (5 + i13) Statement for 1921: Expand the given function in Taylors series. 19. f ( z) = z = 15 . (B) 6 (2 + ip) (D) 0 (B) 4i 4) along the straight line AB joining the two points is (A) (C) (D) -29 + i11 3 (B) 29 - i11 3 23 - i6 5 23 + i6 5
a2 - x 2 0 a
r = a (1 + cos q)
0
....(i) dx = 4 h a 2 - x 2 dx
If a figure is drawn then from fig. the required area is
a - x
Required area A = 2
q= 0
e2 z 11. dz = ? where c is the circle of z = 3 ( z + 1) 4 c (A) 4 pi -3 e 9 (B) 8 pi -2 (D) e 3 4 pi 3 e 9
p a (1 + cos q)
=4
hdydx = 4 h [ y ]
r=0
rdrdq
Let x = a sin q,
dx = a cos q dq,
46. (C) The equation of the given curve is 1 p = pa 2 h. 2 2
Volume V = 4 h a 2 - a 2 sin 2 q a cos q dq
p2
r = q cos q....(i)
The required area
= 4 ha 2 cos 2 q dq = 4 ha 2
p2
p 2 q cos q
p2
q cos q
A= 4 pi -1 (C) e 3
y+ z
q= 0
- e y + z ]dydz 12.
c
1 2 rdrdq = 2 r o 0 r=0
dq
1 1 1
50. (A)
p2
p2
e
1 - 2z
x + y+ z
dxdydz
0 0 0
1 2
q z( z - 1)( z - 2) dz = ? where c is the circle

(B) 4 + i 3p (D) i3p 20. f ( z) = (A) (B) (B) (D) -3 2 2 3 (C)
cos 2 qdq =
1 4
q (1 + cos 2 q)dq
1 1
1 1
z -1 about the points z = 0 z +1 (B) -1 - 2( z - z 2 + z 3......)

2 3
p2
p2
= [ ex +
y+ z 1 0
0 0
] dydz = [ e1 +
0 0
(A) 1 + 2( z + z 2 + z 3......) (C) -1 + 2( z - z + z ......) 1 about z = 1 z +1
= (A) 2 + i 6 p (C) 1 + ip 13. ( z - z 2 ) dz = ? where c is the upper half of the circle

c
1 4
2 q dq +
1 4
2 q cos 2 q dq
(D) None of the above
= [ e1 + y + z - e y + z ]1 dz 0
p2
p2 p2 1 1 1 sin 2 q sin 2 q dq = q 3 + q 2 - 2q 2 4 3 0 4 2 0 0
= [( e 2 + z - e1 + z ) - ( e1 + z - e z )]dz
p2 p3 1 + - q sin 2 q dq 96 4 0
= ( e 2 + z - 2 e1 + z + e z ) dz = [ e 2 + z - 2 e1 + z + e z ]1 0 (A) (C) 3 2 z =1 -2 3
1 1 -1 1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 ....... 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 ....... 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 + ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 ....... 2 2 2 (D) None of the above 21. f ( z) = sin z about z = p 4
= ( e 3 - 2 e 2 + e) - ( e 2 - 2 e + 1)
p2 p2 p3 1 cos 2 q cos 2 q - -q - d q 96 4 2 0 2 0
= e 3 - 3e 2 + 3e - 1 = ( e - 1) 3
p2
p3 1 -p 1 + -0 96 4 4 8
cos 2 q dq
51. (C)
-1 0 x - z
( x + y + z) dydxdz
z x+ z
p p3 p 11 = - sin 2 q = 96 16 8 2 0 16 (A) i2 p (C) i6 p2

z
p2
p2 16 - 1
( x + y + z) 2 = dxdz 2 x- y -1 0
1 z
x+ z
cos pz 14. dz = ? where c is the circle z = 3 -1 c z (B) - i2 p (D) - i6 p2 z =3 (B) i2p (C) i4p 16. The value of (D) 0 1 cos pz dz around a rectangle with 2 pi z 2 - 1 c vertices at 2 i , -2 i is (A) 6 (C) 8 Statement for Q. 1718: (B) i2 e (D) 0
47. (A) The curve is r 2 = a 2 cos 2 q
1 z
= sin pz 2
(2 x + 2 z) 2
If a figure is drawn then from fig. the required area is 15.

c
-1 0
2 2x - dxdz 2
(A)
2 1 p 1 p 1 + z - - z - - ....... 4 2 ! 4 2
p 4 a cos 2 q
p4
cos 2 q
A =4
1 1
q= 0
z4 3 6 z dz = 4 4 -1 -1 (A) i6p
1 2 rdrdq = 4 2 r 0 0 r=0
dq
1 3 ( x + z) 3 x 3 = 2 (( x + z) 2 - x 2 ) dx dz = 2 - dz 3 3 0 -1 0 -1
( z - 2)( z - 1) dz = ? where c is the circle
(B)
2 1 p 1 p 1 + z - + z - + ....... 4 2 ! 4 2
p4
p4
sin 2 q 2 = 2 a cos 2 q dq= 2 a =a 2 0 0
2 2 [(2 z) 3 - z 3 - z ]dz = 3 - 3 1
(C)
2 1 p 1 p 1 - z - - z - - ....... 4 2 ! 4 2
48. (C) The equations of given curves are
1 1 = 4 - = 0 4 4
(D) None of the above 22. If z + 1 < 1, then z -2 is equal to (A) 1 + (B) 1 + (C) 1 + 3z 2 + 7 z + 1 f ( z0 ) = dz , where c is the circle ( z - z0 ) c x 2 + y 2 = 4. (D) 1 +
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n =1
y( x 2 + 2) = 3 x....(i)
and 4 y = x 2 ....(ii)
The curve (i) and (ii) intersect at A (2, 1).

********
( n + 1)( z + 1)
n =1
n -1
3x ( x
+ 2)
The required area A =
x =0
y= x 2 4
dxdy
( n + 1)( z + 1)
n =1
n +1
49. (B) The equation of the cylinder is x 2 + y 2 = a 2
n( z + 1)
n =1
The equation of surface CDE is z = h.
( n + 1)( z + 1)
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Page 565
UNIT 9

Chap 9.5
Statement for Q. 2325. 35.

2 -
28. The Laurents series of f ( z) =
z is, ( z 2 + 1)( z 2 + 4)
(x
p ( a + b) (B) ab 1. (C) Since, f ( z) = u + iv = u= x3 - y3 ; x2 + y2 v= x3 + y3 x2 + y2 (D) p ( a + b)
Expand the function p ab (A) a+b (C)
1 in Laurents ( z - 1)( z - 2) p a+b dx =? (B) p (D) 3 we get

***************
x2 dx = ? + a 2 )( x 2 + b2 )
SOLUTIONS
x 3(1 + i) - y 3(1 - i) ; z 0 x2 + y2
series for the condition given in question.
where z < 1 1 5 3 21 5 (A) z z + z .......... 4 16 64
23. 1 < z < 2 1 2 3 (A) + 2 + 3 + ....... z z z 36.

6 0
(B)
1 1 2 5 4 21 6 + z + z + z .......... 2 4 16 64
(C) (A) 2p (C) 3 At the origin, p 6 p 2
(B) K - z
-3
-z
-2
-z
-1
1 1 1 1 3 - - z - z2 z -K 2 4 8 18
1 3 15 5 z - z3 + z .......... 2 4 8
1+ x
(D)
1 3 7 (C) 2 + 2 + 4 ........... z z z
1 1 2 3 4 15 6 + z + z + z .......... 2 2 4 8
Cauchy Riemann equations are v u v u and = =x x y y By differentiation the value of u y v v at(0, 0) , , , x y x y
29. The residue of the function
0 , so we apply first principle method. 0
24. z > 2 (D) 2 3
(A)
4 3
1 - e Zz at its pole is z4 -4 (B) 3
6 13 20 (A) + 2 + 3 + ........ z z z
1 8 13 (B) + 2 + 3 + ......... z z z
(C)
-2 3
u u(0 + h, 0) - u(0, 0) h3 h2 = lim = lim = 1 h 0 h 0 x h h - k3 k2 u u(0, 0 + k) - u(0, 0) = lim = lim = -1 k 0 v h 0 k k v v(0 + h, 0) - v(0, 0) h3 h2 = lim = lim =1 h 0 x h 0 h h v v(0, 0 + k), v(0, 0) k3 k2 = lim = lim =1 k 0 y k 0 k k Thus, we see that v u v u and = =x x y y Hence, Cauchy-Riemann equations are satisfied at z = 0. Again, f (0) = lim
z 0
(C)
1 3 7 + + + ......... z2 z3 z4
(D)
2 3 4 + - ........ z2 z3 z4
30. The residue of z cos
25. z < 1
(A) (D) -1 3 z = 15 .
(A) 1 + 3z
+7 2 15 2 z + z ..... 2 4
1 2
1 at z = 0 is z -1 (B) 2
(C)
(B)
1 3 7 15 3 + z + z2 + z ... 2 4 8 16
1 3
(C) (B) i3 p (D) -2
31.
1 3 z2 z3 + + + ....... 4 4 8 16
z(1 - z)( z - 2) dz = ? where c is
1 - 2z
(A) - i3p
(C) 2
f ( z) - f (0) z ( x 3 - y 3) + i( x 3 + y 3) 1 = lim z 0 ( x2 + y2 ) ( x + iy) Now let z 0 along y = x, then ( x 3 - y 3) + i( x 3 + y 3) 1 2i 1+ i f (0) = lim = = z 0 ( x2 + y2 ) ( x + iy) 2(1 + i) 2 Again let z 0 along y = 0, then x 3 + i( x 3) 1 =1 + i f (0) = lim 2 x 0 x (x ) So we see that f (0) is not unique. Hence f (0) does not exist. 2. (A) Since, f ( z) =
26. If z - 1 < 1 , the Laurents series for
1 is z( z - 1)( z - 2)
(A) - ( z - 1) (B) - 6p (D) None of the above
( z - 1) 3 ( z - 1) 5 - ........... 2! 5!
z cos z 32. dz = ? where c is z - 1 = 1 p c z 2
(B) - ( z - 1) -1 -
( z - 1) ( z - 1) - ......... 2! 5!
(A) 6 p
(C) i2p
(C) - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) 3 - ( z - 1) 5 - ..........
(D) - ( z - 1) (B) - i3p (D) None of the above
-1
- ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - .........
33.
2 z e z dz = ? where c is z = 1
1 27. The Laurents series of for z < 2 is z( e z - 1)
(A) i3p
1 2 1 1 1 (A) 2 + + + 6z + z + .......... z 720 2 z 12
C)
ip 3
2p
(B) (B) 3 (D) -2 p 3 2p
34.
1 1 1 1 2 + z + .......... z 2 2 z 12 720
2 + cos q = ?
dq
Df df = lim dz Dz 0 Dz Du + iDv or f ( z) = lim Dz 0 Dx + iDy
....(1) Now, the derivative f ( z) exits of the limit in equation (1) is unique i.e. it does not depends on the path along which Dz 0.
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(C)
1 1 1 1 2 + + z2 + z + .......... z 12 634 720
(A)
-2 p
(C) 2 p 2
Page 566
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Page 567
UNIT 9

Chap 9.5
Let Dz 0 along a path parallel to real axis 8. (D)

n +1 c o
f ( z o) = or
n +1
c o
Dy = 0 \ Dz 0 =
4 c o
y 2 - x 2 - 2 xy = g( x, y) ( x2 + y2 )2 Taking n = 3, Given fc e 2 z dz e 2 z dz = ( z + 1) 4 [ z - ( -1)]4 c
Dx 0
v -( x 2 + y 2 ) - ( x - y)2 y = y ( x2 + y2 )2 n! 2 pi
(z - z )
= ....(1)
f ( z) dz
(z - z )
pi f ( z o) 3
f ( z) dz
2pi n f ( z o) n!
Now let v be the conjugate of u then v v u u dy dv = dx + dy = dx + x y x y
(by Cauchy-Riemann equation) v ( x 2 + y 2 ) - ( x - y)2 x y 2 - x 2 + 2 xy = h( x, y) = = ( x2 + y2 )2 ( x2 + y2 )2 x By Milnes Method ....(1) e 2 z dz

4
(z - z )
=
f ( z) dz
dv = 2 x dx + 2(1 - y) dy
Now equation (1) Du + iDv Du Dv f ( z) = lim = lim + i lim Dx 0 Dx 0 Dx Dx 0 Dx Dx v u f ( z) = +i x x
....(2) =
On integrating v = x 2 - y 2 + 2 y + C
Again, let Dz 0 along a path parallel to imaginary ....(2)

c
5. (C) Given f ( z) = u + i v 1 1 1 f ( z) = g( z, 0) + ih( z, 0) = - 2 + i - 2 = - (1 + i) 2 z z z
Taking f ( z) = e 2 z , and z o = -1 in (1), we have
axis, then Dx 0 and Dz 0 Dy 0 Now, f ( z) = e 2 z e 2 z dz

4
On integrating 1 1 f ( z) = (1 + i) 2 dz + c = (1 + i) + c z z f ( -1) = 8 e -2 equation (2) have

2 c
if ( z) = -v + iu
( z + 1)
pi f ( -1)....(2) 3 f ( z) = 8 e 2 z
add equation (1) and (2)
Thus from equation (1) Dz + iDv Du Dv u v + = lim + i lim = f( z) = lim Dy 0 Dy 0 iDy Dy 0 iDz i y y iDy
(1 + i) f ( z) = ( u - v) + i( u + v)
9. (A) = 2 cos 2 x cosh 2 y - 2 = f( x, y) (cosh 2 y - cos 2 y) 2 u 2 cos 2 x (cosh 2 y - cos 2 x) - 2 sin 2 x = x (cosh 2 y - cos 2 x) 2
F ( z) = U + iV
f ( z) =
-i u v + y y
....(3)
where, F ( z) = (1 + i) f ( z); U = ( u - v); V = u + v
Now, for existence of f ( z) R.H.S. of equation (2) and (3)
Let F ( z) be an analytic function.
( z + 1)
8 pi -2 e 3
....(3)
If is the circle z = 3 Since, f ( z) is analytic within and on z = 3

|z |= 3
must be same i.e., u v v u -i = +i y x y x 2 sin 2 x sinh 2 y u = = y( x, y) y (cosh 2 y - cos 2 x) 2 By Milnes Method
Now, U = u - v = e (cos y - sin y) U U and = e x (cos y - sin y) = e x ( - sin y - cos y) x y
u v v -u and = = y x y x
U -U Now, dV = dy....(3) dx + y x
8 pi - z e 2 z dz = e ( z + 1) 4 3 12. (D) Since, 1 - 2z 1 - 2z 1 1 3 = + z( z - 1)( z - 2) 2 z z - 1 2( z - 2)
f ( z) =
= e x (sin y + cos y) dx + e x (cos y - sin y) dy f ( z) = f( z, 0) - iy( z, 0) 2 cos 2 z - 2 -2 = - cosec2 z - i(0) = = 1 - cos 2 z (1 - cos 2 z) 2 On integrating f ( z) = - cosec2 z dz + ic = cot z + ic 10. x = at + b, y = ct + d On A, z = 1 + i and On B, z = 2 + 4 i Let z = 1 + i corresponds to t = 0 and z = 2 + 4 i corresponding to t = 1 then, t = 0 and t = 1 x = b, y = d x = a + b, y = c + d 2 = a + 1, 4 = c + 1 AB is , y = 3t + 1 a = 1, c = 3 dx = dt ; dy = 3 dt b = 1, d = 1
v u v u +i = -i x y y x
= d[ e x (sin y + cos y)]
on integrating V = e x (sin y + cos y) + c1
3. (A) Given f ( z) = x + iy since, f ( z) = u + iv
F ( z) = U + iV = e x (cos y - sin y) + ie x (sin y + cos y) + ic1
z( z - 1)( z - 2) dz
c
1 3 I1 + I 2 - I 3....(1) 2 2 Since, z = 0 is the only singularity for I1 = lies inside
= e x (cos y + i sin y) + ie x (cos y + i sin y) + ic1
Here u = x 2 and v = y 2 u u Now, u = x 2 = 2 x and =0 x y
F ( z) = (1 + i) e x + iy + ic1 = (1 + i) ez + ic1
z dz
c
and it z = 15, therefore by Cauchys integral .
and v = y 2
v v = 0 and =2y x y
(1 + i) f ( z) = (1 + i) e z + ic1 i(1 - i) i ( i + 1) c1 = e z + c1 f ( z) = e z + = ez + c1 2 1+ i (1 + i)(1 - i)
we know that
u u f ( z) = -i y x
....(1)
f ( z) = e z + (1 + i) c
Formula 1 I1 = dz = 2 pi c z
....(2)
v v and f ( z) = + i ....(2) y x
6. (C) u = sinh x cos y
Now, equation (1) gives f ( z) = 2 x
....(3)
f ( z) dz [Here f ( z) = 1 = f ( z o) and z o = 0] z - zo 1 Similarly, for I 2 = dz, the singular point z = 1 lies c z -1
1 f ( z o) = 2pi
and equation (2) gives f ( z) = 2 y
....(4)
Now, for existence of f ( z) at any point is necessary that
u = cosh x cos y = f( x, y) x u and = - sinh x sin y = y( x, y) y

c
the value of f ( z) most be unique at that point, whatever
by Milnes Method
be the path of reaching at that point
f ( z) = f( z, 0) - iy( z, 0) = cosh z - i 0 = cosh z
f ( z) dz = ( x
c 1
+ ixy)( dx + idy) =
2 [( t + 1) + i( t + 1)( 3t + 1)][ dt + 3i dt] t= 0 1
inside z = 15, therefore I 2 = 2 pi....(3) . 1 For I 3 = dz, the singular point z = 2 lies outside c z -2 the circle z = 15, so the function f ( z) is analytic . everywhere in c i.e. z = 15, hence by Cauchys integral . = [( t 2 + 2 t + 1) + i( 3t 2 + 4 t + 1)](1 + 3i) dt
0 1
From equation (3) and (4) 2 x = 2 y
On integrating f ( z) = sinh z + constant
Hence, f ( z) exists for all points lie on the line x = y.
f ( z) = w = sinh z + ic
(As u does not contain any constant, the constant c is in
4. (B)
u 2u = 2(1 - y) ; =0 x x 2
....(1)
the function x and hence i.e. in w).
theorem 1 I3 = dz = 0....(4) c z -2 t3 29 = (1 + 3i) + t 2 + t + i( t 3 + 2 t 2 + t) = + 1 1i 3 3 0 11. (D) We know by the derivative of an analytic function that using equations (2), (3), (4) in (1), we get 1 - 2z 1 3
u 2u = -2 x ; =0 y y 2
....(2)
7. (A)
v v = 2 y = h( x, y), = 2 x = g( x, y) x y
z( z - 1)( z - 2) dz = 2 (2 pi) + 2 pi - 2 (0) = 3pi

c
by Milnes Method f ( z) = g( z, 0) + ih( z, 0) = 2 z + i 0 = 2 z
2u 2u = 0, Thus u is harmonic. + x 2 y 2
On integrating f ( z) = z 2 + c
13. (B) Given contour c is the circle z = 1

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Page 569
UNIT 9

Chap 9.5
21. (A) f ( z) = sin z f ( z) = f ( z o) = 2pif( z o) f ( z) = cos z 24. (C)

-1
z = e iq
dz = ieiqdq
Now, for upper half of the circle, 0 q p
1 p f = 2 4 1 p f = 2 4 2 <1 z =
-1
3z 2 + 7 z + 1 dz = 2 pif( z o) z - zo
p 1 p f = sin = 4 2 4
(z - z
f ( z) = - sin z 1 1 < <1 z 2 f ( z) = - cos z 1 1 1 = 1 - z -1 z z and 1 1 2 = 1 - z -2 z z = Taylor series is given by f ( z) = f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) + f (0) = 2; + about z = =
2
) dz =
q= 0
(e
1 <1 z
iq
- e 2 iq) ie iqdq
f ( z o) = 2pif( z o)
and f ( z o) = 2pi f( z o)
1 1 1 1 1 z z2 z3 1 + + + + .. - 1 + + 2 + 3 + K z 2 2 4 9 z z z 1 1 1 2 1 3 -4 -2 -1 or f ( z) = K-z - z - z - - z - z z -K 2 4 8 18
since, f( z) = 3z 2 + 7 z + 1
e 2 iq e 3iq = i ( e 2 iq - e 3iq)dq = i 3i 0 2i 0 1 p and so on. f = 2 4
f ( z) = 6 z + 7 and f( z) = 6
=i
1 1 1 2 ( e 2 pi - 1) - ( e 3px - 1) = 3 i 2 3 ( z - z0 ) 2 f ( z 0 ) 2! ( z - z0 ) 3 f ( z 0 ) + .... 3!
f (1 - i) = 2 pi[ 6(1 - i) + 7 ] = 2 p (5 + 13i)
14. (B) Let f ( z) = cos pz then f ( z) is analytic within and
2 z -1 19. (C) f ( z) = =1 z +1 z +1
1 1 1 1 1 + + 2 + 3 + K z z z 2 1 2 4 8 1 + + 2 + 3 + .... z z z z
on z = 3, now by Cauchys integral formula 1 f ( z) dz f ( z) f ( z o) = dz = 2pif ( z o) 2pi z - z o c c z - zo p 4
f (0) = -1, f (1) = 0 2 f ( z) = ( z + 1) 2
f ( z) =
-4 ( z - 1) 3
f (0) = -4;
Laurents series is given by 1 2 4 98 1 1 1 1 f ( z) = 1 + + 2 + 3 + .. - 1 + + 2 + 3 + .. z z z z z z z z 11 3 7 + + K + z z z2 z3 f ( z) = 1 3 7 + + +K z2 z3 z4

-1
take f ( z) = cos pz, z o = 1, we have cos pz - 1 dz = 2 pif (1) = 2pi cos p = -2pi z =3 z
2 3
12 f ( z) = ( z + 1) 4 p z - 1 p 1 4 f ( z) = + z - + 2! 4 2 2 1 2 1 +K 2 p z - 4 + 3!
f (0) = 12; and so on.
Now, Taylor series is given by ( z - z0 ) f ( z 0 ) + 2! ( z - z0 ) 3 f ( z 0 ) + ..... 3!
sin pz 2 15. (D) dz ( z - 1)( z - 2) c
f ( z) = f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) +
sin pz sin pz dz dz - = z -1 z -2 c c
25. (B) z < 1, =-
z 1 1 1 = - 1 - z -2 z -1 2 2 1 2
+ (1 - z) -1
= 2 pif (2) - 2 pif (1) since, f ( z) = sin pz 2
about z = 0
22. (D) Let f ( z) = z -2 = f ( z) = [1 - (1 + z)]-2 1 2 theorem, we get
f (2) = sin 4 p = 0 and f (1) = sin p = 0
f ( z) = -1 + z(2) +
z2 z3 ( -4) + (12) + .... 2! 3!
2 3 1 1 p 1 p p f ( z) = 1 + z - - z - - z - -... 4 2 ! 4 3! 4 2
z z2 z3 2 3 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + K + (1 + z + z + z + ...) 1 3 7 15 3 f ( z) = + z + z 2 + z +K 2 4 8 16 26. (D) Since, 1 1 1 1 = + z( z - 1)( z - 2) 2 z z - 1 2( z - 2) For z - 1 < 1 Let z - 1 = u + ( n + 1)(1 + z) n + K z = u + 1 and u < 1 1 1 1 1 = + z( z - 1)( z - 2) 2 z z - 1 2( z - 2)
16. (D) Let, I =
1 2 pi f (1) = -1 4 1 4 3 and so on. 8
= -1 + 2 z - 2 z 2 + 2 z 3....
1 cos pz dz -1
f ( z) = -1 + 2( z - z + z ....)
1 1 = z 2 [1 - (1 + z)]2
1 1 1 = cos pz dz 2 2 pi z - 1 z + 1 c
20. (B) f ( z) =
1 z +1
Since, 1 + z < 1, so by expanding R.H.S. by binomial f ( z) = 1 + 2(1 + z) + 3(1 + z) 2 + 4(1 + z) 3 + K or f ( z) = z -2 = 1 +
1 cos nz cos nz Or I = dz 4 pi z - 1 z +1 c
f ( z) =
-1 ( z + 1) 2
f (1) =
f ( z) =
3z 2 + 7 z + 1 17. (D) f ( 3) = dz , since z o = 3 is the only z -3 c
2 ( z + 1) 3
f (1) =
n =1
( n + 1)( z + 1) n
1 1 1 ....(1) = ( z - 1)( z - 2) z - 2 z - 1
= =
1 1 1 1 1 - + = (1 + u) -1 - u-1 - (1 - u) -1 2 2( u + 1) u 2( u - 1) 2
singular point of
3z 2 + 7 z + 1 and it lies outside the z -3 ( z - z0 ) 2 f ( z 0 ) 2! ( z - z0 ) 3 + f ( z 0 ) + K 3!
f ( z) =
-6 ( z + 1) 4
f (1) = -
circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 i.e., z = 2, therefore
Taylor series is
23. (B) Here f ( z) = Since, z > 1
3z 2 + 7 z + 1 is z -3
f ( z) = f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) +
analytic everywhere within c.
1 < 1 and z < 2 z

-1
z 2
<1
1 1 [1 - u + u2 - u3 + ... ] - u-1 - (1 + u + u2 + u3 + ...) 2 2 1 = ( -2 u - 2 u3 - ...) - u-1 = -u - u3 - u5 - K - u-1 2 Required Laurents series is f ( z) = -( z - 1) -1 - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) 3 - ( z - 1) 5 - K 27. (B) Let f ( z) = = 1 1 1 1 1 + + 2 + 3 + K z z z z
-1
Hence by Cauchys theorem
f ( 3) =
3 1 ( z - 1) 3 - +K + 3! 8 4
3z + 7 z + 1 dz = 0 z -3
about z = 1
1 1 1 1 = = 1 - 1 z z -1 z z 1 - z
f ( z) =
1 z( e z - 1) = and 1 z2 z3 z4 + + + K - 1 z 1 + z + 2 ! 3! 4 ! -1 z 1 1 = 1 - = z -2 2 2 2 equation (1) gives

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18. (C) The point (1 - i) lies within circle z = 2 ( . .. the
2 1 -1 ( z - 1) + ( z - 1) + 2 2! 4
distance of 1 - i i.e., (1, 1) from the origin is 2 which is
1 1 1 1 = - 2 ( z - 1) + 3 ( z - 1) 2 - 4 ( z - 1) 3 +.... 2 2 2 2
less than 2, the radius of the circle).
Let f( z) = 3z 2 + 7 z + 1 then by Cauchys integral formula
or f ( z) =
1 1 1 1 1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 - 3 ( z - 1) 3 + .... 2 2 2 2
z z2 z3 1 + 2 + 4 + 9 + K
Page 570
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Page 571
Complex Variables
Chap 9.5
f ( z) dz = 2 pi 6 = 3 pi
Now
f ( z) dz = ( R e
2 2 iq
ie 2 iqiRe iqdq + a 2 )( R 2 e2 iq + b2 )
34. (B) Let z = eiq
-idz ; z q 2p dq = z
1 1 and cos q = z + 2 z
e 2 iq
e 3iq dq R a 2 2 iq b2 + 2 e + 2 R R
CHAPTER
Now when R ,
b( z) dz = 0
2p
-idz dq 2 + cos q = 1 z 1 ; 0 c 2 + z + 2 z
c: z =1
x2 p ( 2 + a 2 )( x 2 + b2 ) dz = a + b - x
9.6
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
1. In a frequency distribution, the mid value of a class is 15 and the class interval is 4. The lower limit of the class is 6. A distribution consists of three components with frequencies 45, 40 and 15 having their means 2, 2.5 and 2 respectively. The mean of the combined distribution is (B) 13 (D) 10 (A) 2.1 (C) 2.3 (B) 2.2 (D) 2.4 7. Consider the table given below
Marks 0 10 Number of Students 12
= - 2i
dz z2 + 4z + 1
36. (C) Let I =
dz = f ( z) dz 1 + z6 c
Let f ( z) =
1 z2 + 4z + 1
c is the contour containing semi circle r of radius R and
f ( z) has poles at z = - 2 + 3, -2 - 3 out of these only
segment from -R to R.
z = -2 + 3 lies inside the circle c : z = 1
For poles of f ( z), 1 + z6 = 0
z = ( -1) p 6 = e i ( 2 n + 1 ) p 6
f ( z) dz = 2pi(Residue at z = -2 +
3+i lie in the contour 2 (A) 14 (C) 12
3)
where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Now, residue at z = -2 + 3
Only poles z =
- 3+i , i, 2
lim
z -2 +
( z + 2 - 3) f ( z) = lim
z -2 +
( z + 2 + 3) are (A) 47 and 37 (C) 37.5 and 47.5
2 3
Residue at z =
2. The mid value of a class interval is 42. If the class size is 10, then the upper and lower limits of the class
f ( z) dz = 2 pi 2
pi
+ 3+i 2 1 = ( z1 - z 2 )( z1 - z 3)( z1 - z 4 )( z1 - z 5)( z1 - z6 )
2p
dq
pi
2 + cos q = -2 i
1 3i(1 - 3i) (A) 9 (C) 27 =
2p
3i(1 + 3 i)
1 - 3i 12 i
(B) 37 and 47 (D) 47.5 and 37.5
10 20 20 30
18 27 30 40 40 50 20 17
1 Residue at z = i is 6i = 1 + 3i 12 i
3. The following marks were obtained by the students in a test: 81, 72, 90, 90, 86, 85, 92, 70, 71, 83, 89, 95,
85,79, 62. The range of the marks is
35. (C) I =
z2 dz = f ( z) dz ( z 2 + a 2 )( z 2 + b2 ) c c
where c is be semi circle r with segment on real axis
Residue at z =
1 + 3i is 12 i
from -R to R.
(B) 17 (D) 33
50 60
The poles are z = ia, z = ib. Here only z = ia and
f ( z) dz = f ( z) dz +
-R
f ( z) dz
The arithmetic mean of the marks given above, is (A) 18 (B) 28
z = ib lie within the contour c
f ( z) dz = 2pi
2p 2 pi (1 - 3i + 1 + 3i + 2 i) = = 3 12 i
4. The width of each of nine classes in a frequency distribution is 2.5 and the lower class boundary of the lowest class is 10.6. The upper class boundary of the highest class is (A) 35.6 (C) 30.6 5. In a monthly test, (B) 33.1 (D) 28.1 the marks obtained
0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8
(C) 27
(D) 6 8. The following is the data of wages per day: 5, 4, 7, 5, 8, 8, 8, 5, 7, 9, 5, 7, 9, 10, 8 The mode of the data is (A) 5 (C) 8 in mathematics by 16 students of a class are as follows:
Weight (in kg) Number of Children 40 5 43 8 46 16 49 9 52 7 55 3
(sum of residues at z = ia and z = ib)

p
or
f ( z) dz + f ( z) dz =
=
0
-R
2p ....(1) 3
Residue at z = ia,
= lim ( z - ia)
Now
iRe dq
iq
z ia
z a = ( z - ia)( z - ia)( z 2 + b2 ) 2 i( a 2 - b2 )
f ( z) dz = 1 + R e
6 6 iq
Residue at z = ib
ie iqdq R5 1 + e6 iq R6
(B) 7 (D) 10 9. The mode of the given distribution is
where R ,
= lim ( z - ib)
f ( z) dz 0
z ib
z2 -b = ( z - ia)( z + ia)( z + ib)( z - ib) 2 i( a 2 - b2 )
(1)
f ( z) dz = f ( z) dz + f ( z) dz
ax 2p = 1 + x6 3
-R
The arithmetic mean of the marks obtained is (A) 3 (C) 5

Page 573 Page 574
(B) 4 (D) 6
(A) 55 (C) 40
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(B) 46 (D) None
p 2 pi ( a - b) = a+b 2 i ( a 2 - b2 )
********
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Probability and Statistics
Chap 9.6 UNIT 9

10. If the geometric mean of x, 16, 50, be 20, then the

12 18 12 3 13 14
16. The mean deviation of the following distribution is die in a year is A1 , A2 , K, An each x years old now, the probability
60 12 12
24. The probability that a man who is x years old will p. Then amongst n 3 1 (A) + 4 4 4 1 (C) + 5 5 1 4 (D) + 5 5 1 3 (B) + 2 2 persons
30. If 3 is the mean and (3/2) is the standard deviation of a binomial distribution, then the distribution is
value of x is that A1 will die in one year is (A) (C) 25. A bag contains 4 white and 2 black balls. Another the distribution is
12 16
10
11
(A) 4 (C) 20 (B) 0.75 (D) 26 1 n2 (B) 1 - (1 - p) n (D) 1 [1 - (1 - p) n ] n 1 [1 - (1 - p) n ] n2
(B) 10 (D) 40
12
11. If the arithmetic mean of two numbers is 10 and
(A) 12 (C) 1.25
their geometric mean is 8, the numbers are
(A) 12, 18 (C) 15, 5 (B) 2.5 (D) 2.8 bag contains 3 white and 5 black balls. If one ball is drawn from each bag, the probability that both are white is (A) (B) (D) None (C) 5 24 1 24 1 4 1 1 (A) + 7 8
24
(B) 16, 4 (D) 20, 5
17. The standard deviation for the data 7, 9, 11, 13,
15 is
31. The sum and product of the mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 24 and 18 respectively. Then, 1 3 (B) + 4 4 1 1 (D) + 2 2
12. The median of
(A) 2.4
0, 2, 2, 2, -3, 5, -1, 5, 5, -3, 6, 6, 5, 6 is (B) 0 (D) 2.73
(C) 2.7
18. The standard deviation of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 is
(A) 0 (C) 2
(B) -1.5 (D) 3.5 1 5 (C) + 6 6
(A) 1
32
13. Consider the following table
(C) 2.83
Diameter of heart (in mm)
Number of persons
19. The probability that an event A occurs in one trial of
32. A die is thrown 100 times. Getting an even number is considered a success. The variance of the number of successes is (A) 50 (C) 10 (B) 25 (D) None 33. A die is thrown thrice. Getting 1 or 6 is taken as a
120
an experiment is 0.4. Three independent trials of 26. A bag contains 5 white and 4 red balls. Another bag contains 4 white and 2 red balls. If one ball is drawn (B) 0.784 (D) None is red, is The (C) 8 27 (A) (B) 13 27 5 27 tossed (B) (D)
249 256 37 256
121
experiment are performed. The probability that A
occurs at least once is
122
14
(A) 0.936
123
from each bag, the probability that one is white and one
(C) 0.964 simultaneously.
124
125
20.
Eight
coins
are
probability of getting at least 6 heads is
The median of the above frequency distribution is
(A)
7 64
(D) None
success. The mean of the number of successes is 3 2 (A) (B) 2 3 (C) 1 (D) None 34. If the sum of mean and variance of a binomial distribution is 4.8 for five trials, the distribution is
5 5
(A) 122 mm
(B) 123 mm
(C)
57 64
(C) 122.5 mm
(D) 122.75 mm
21. A can solve 90% of the problems given in a book and
27. An anti-aircraft gun can take a maximum of 4 shots at an enemy plane moving away from it. The probabilities of hitting the plane at the first, second, third and fourth shot are 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 respectively. The probability that the gun hits the plane is (A) 0.76 (C) 0.6976 (B) 0.4096 (D) None of these 28. If the probabilities that A and B will die within a year are p and q respectively, then the probability that only one of them will be alive at the end of the year is (A) pq (C) q(1 - p) (B) p(1 - q) (D) p + 1 - 2 pq 29. In a binomial distribution, the mean is 4 and variance is 3. Then, its mode is (A) 5 (C) 4
Page 575 Page 576
14. The mode of the following frequency distribution, is
B can solve 70%. What is the probability that at least
Class interval
Frequency
one of them will solve a problem, selected at random (B) 0.63 (D) 0.20
from the book?
1 4 (A) + 5 5 2 3 (C) + 5 5
1 2 (B) + 3 3
5
36
(A) 0.16
69
(D) None of these
(C) 0.97
912
21
1215
23
22. A speaks truth in 75% and B in 80% of the cases. In
35. A variable has Poission distribution with mean m. The probability that the variable takes any of the values 0 or 2 is m2 (A) e - m 1 + m + 2! (C) e 3 2 (1 + m 2 ) -1 2 (B) e m (1 + m) -3 2
1518
10
what percentage of cases are they likely to contradict (B) 45% (D) 15%
each other narrating the same incident ?
1821
12
(A) 5%
2124
(C) 35%
(A) 11.5
(B) 11.8
(C) 12
(D) 12.4
23. The odds against a husband who is 45 years old,
m2 (D) e - m 1 + 2! 36. (B) 6 (D) None If (A) 1 (C) 3

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living till he is 70 are 7:5 and the odds against his wife X is a Poission variate (B) 2 (D) None such P (2) = 9 P ( 4) + 90 P ( 6), then the mean of X is that
15. The mean-deviation of the data 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, (B) (D) None

5 32
who is 36, living till she is 61 are 5:3. The probability
11, 14 is
that at least one of them will be alive 25 years hence, is
(A) 4
(B) 3.25
(A)
61 96
(C) 2.75
(D) 2.4
(C)
13 64
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Chap 9.6 UNIT 9

37. When the correlation coefficient r = 1, then the xi yi = 199, xi2 = 184,
43. If Sxi = 30,
yi = 42,
two regression lines (B) -0.46 (D) None 2. (A) Let the lower limit be x. Then, upper limit x + 10. 10. (B) ( x 16 50)1 3 = 20 20 20 20 x = 16 50 = 10. x + ( x + 10) = 42 2 x = 37. Lower limit = 37 and upper limit =47. 3. (D) Range = Difference between the largest value = (95 - 62) = 33. 4. (B) Upper class boundary = 10.6 + (2.5 9) = 331. . 5. (B)
Marks 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 f = 16 2 4 1 3 2 4 9 4 20 12 7 8 ( f x) = 64 2 0 Frequency f f 1
yi2 = 318 and n = 6, then the regression coefficient bxy 1. (B) Let the lower limit be x. Then, upper limit is x + ( x + 4) x + 4. = 15 x = 13. 2 8. (C) Since 8 occurs most often, mode =8.
SOLUTION
A.M. = A +
S( fd) 300 = 25 + = 28. Sf 100
is
(A) (B) (C) (D)
are perpendicular to each other coincide are parallel to each other do not exist
(A) -0.36 (C) 0.26
9. (B) Clearly, 46 occurs most often. So, mode =46. x 16 50 = (20) 3
38. If r = 0, then
44. Let r be the correlation coefficient between x and y
(A) there is a perfect correlation between x and y (B) r = bxy byx (D) r = a+b = 10 2 ab = 8 1 ( bxy + byx ) 2
and byx , bxy be the regression coefficients of y on x and
x on y respectively then
(B) x and y are not correlated.
(C) there is a positive correlation between x and y
(A) r = bxy + byx
(D) there is a negative correlation between x and y
(C) r = bxy byx
11. (B) Let the numbers be a and b Then, ( a + b) = 20 ab = 64 and
39. If Sxi = 15, (B) (D) None of these

1 2
Syi = 36, ( bxy + byx ) < r
Sxi yi = 110 and n = 5, then
45. Which one of the following is a true statement.
cov ( x, y) is equal to
(A)
1 2
( bxy + byx ) = r
(A) 0.6 (C) 0.4
(B) 0.5 (D) 0.225
(C)
1 2
( bxy + byx ) > r
a - b = ( a + b) 2 - 4 ab = 44 - 256 = 144 = 12. Solving a + b = 20 and a - b = 12 we get a = 16 and b = 4. 12. (D) Observations in ascending order are -3, -3, -1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5 6, 6, 6 Number of observations is 14, which is even. Median = 1 1 [7 the term +8 the term] = (2 + 5) = 35. . 2 2 13. (A) The given Table may be presented as
Diameter of heart (in mm) 120 121 122 Number of persons 5 9 14 Cumulative frequency 5 14 28
40. If cov ( x, y) = -16.5, var ( x) = 2.89 and var ( y) = 100, (B) 0.24 (D) 0.3
46. If byx = 1.6 and bxy = 0.4 and q is the angle between
then the coefficient of correlation r is equal to
two regression lines, then tan q is equal to
(A) 0.36 (C) 0.97
(B) -0.64 (D) -0.97
(A) 0.18 (C) 0.16
41. The ranks obtained by 10 students in Mathematics
47. The equations of the two lines of regression are :
and Physics in a class test are as follows (B) 0.25 (D) 0.92
4 x + 3y + 7 = 0
and 3 x + 4 y = 8 = 0. The correlation
Rank in Maths
Rank in Chem.
coefficient between x and y is
(A) 1.25
10
(C) -0.75
48. If cov( X , Y ) = 10, var ( X ) = 6.25 and var( Y ) = 31.36, (B) (D) 0.256 6. (B) Mean =
2 2 4 5
then r( X , Y ) is
(A)
5 7
( f x) 64 A.M. = = = 4. 16 f 45 2 + 40 2.5 + 15 2 220 = = 2.2. 100 100 7. (B)
(C)
3 4
123 124 125
8 5 9
36 41 50
49. If x = y = 15, (B) 2 3
x = y = 49, xy = 44 and
n = 5, then bxy = ?
(A) - 1 3 (D) - 1 2
Class 010 1020 2030 3040 4050 5060
10
(C) - 1 4
Mid value x 5 15 25 = A 35 45 55
Frequenc yf 12 18 27 20 17 6 Sf = 100
Deviation d = x- A -20 -10 0 10 20 30
f d -240 -180 0 200 320 180 S ( f d) = 390
n n Here n = 50. So, = 25 and + 1 = 26. 2 2 Medium = 1 122 + 122 (25th term +26 th term) = = 122. 2 2 [ . .. Both lie in that column whose c.f. is 28] 14. (B) Maximum frequency is 23. So, modal class is 1215. L1 = 12, L2 = 15, f = 23, f1 = 21 and f2 = 10. Thus Mode = L1 + f - f1 ( L2 - L1 ) 2 f - f1 - f2
The coefficient of correlation between their ranks is
50. If x = 125,
y = 100, x 2 = 1650, y 2 = 1500,
(A) 0.15 (C) 0.625 (B) 22 x - 9 y = 74 (D) 22 x + 9 y = 74
(B) 0.224 (D) None
xy = 50 and n = 25, then the line of regression of x on
y is
42. If Sxi = 24,
yi = 44,
Sxi yi = 306, xi2 = 164,
(A) 22 x + 9 y = 146
yi2 = 574 and n = 4, then the regression coefficient byx
(C) 22 x - 9 y = 146
is equal to
(A) 2.1 (C) 1.225
(B) 1.6 (D) 1.75
*********
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Chap 9.6 Probability and Statistics

Chap 9.6
= 12 +
(23 - 21) (15 - 12) = 12.4. ( 46 - 21 - 10)

7 8
3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 10 + 11 + 14 15. (C) Mean = = 8. 8 40. (D) r = var ( x) var ( y) = 2.89 100 = -0.97. cov ( x, y) -16.5
1 1 1 1 1 = 8 C6 + 8 C7 + 8 C8 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 37 87 1 + 8 + = = 256 256 256 2 1 256 39. (C) x = 47. (C) Given lines are : y = -2 -
Sxi 15 yi 36 = = 3, y = = = 7.2 n 5 n 5 Sx i y i 110 cov( x, y) = - x y = - 3 7.2 = 0.4 n 5 3 x 4
Sd = 3 - 8 + 5 - 8 + 8 - 8 + 10 - 8 + 11 - 8 + 14 - 8
21. (C) Let E = the event that A solves the problem. and
= 22 41. (B) Di = -2, - 8, - 2, 3, 3, - 3, 3, 0, 2, 4. SDi2 = ( 4 + 64 + 4 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 16) = 128. 6 128 37 6( SDi2 ) = 0.224. R = 1 = 1 = n( n2 - 1) 10 99 165 48. (A) r( X , Y ) = Sxi yi 49. (C) byx = cov( X , Y )
F = the event that B solves the problem.
Thus Mean deviation =
Sd 22 = = 2.75. n 8
7 3 and x = - - y 4 4 -3 -3 and . byx = bxy = 4 4 -3 -3 9 3 or r = - = -0.75. So, r 2 = = 4 16 4 4 [. .. byx and bxy are both negative r is negative] = var( X ) var( Y ) 10 6.25 31.36 = 5 7
16. (B)
Clearly E and F are independent events. 70 90 P ( E) = = 0.9, P ( F ) = = 0.7, 100 100
P ( E F ) = P ( E) P ( F ) = 0.9 0.7 = 0.63
f x
d = x-M
f d
Required probability = P ( E F )
10
30
= P ( E) + P ( F ) - P ( E F ) = (0.9 +0.7 - 0.63) =0.97. 42. (A) byx =
11
12
132
12
22. (C) Let E =event that A speaks the truth.
nSxy - ( Sx)( Sy) nSx 2 - ( Sx) 2
12
18
216
13
12
156
12
( Sxi )( Syi ) n 2 ( Sxi ) 2 Sxi - n
5 44 - 15 15 1 = 5 49 - 15 15 = - 4 50. (B) bxy = = nSxy - ( Sx)( Sy) nSy 2 - ( Sy) 2 25 50 - 125 100 9 = 25 1500 - 100 100 22 Also, x= 125 = 5, 25 y= 100 = 4. 25 Required line is x = x + bxy ( y - y) 9 ( y - 4) 22 x - 9 y = 74. x =5 + 22
14
42
Sf = 48
Sfx = 576
Sfd = 36
F =event that B speaks the truth. 75 3 80 4 Then, P ( E) = = , P( F) = = 100 4 100 5 3 1 4 1 P ( E) = 1 - = , P( F ) = 1 - = 4 4 5 5 24 44 306 4 = ( 306 - 264) = 42 = 2.1 = (164 - 144) 20 (24) 2 164 - 4
Thus M =
576 = 12. 48
P (A and B contradict each other).
= P[(A speaks truth and B tells a lie) or (A tells a lie and
So, Mean deviation =
Sfd 36 = = 0 .75 n 48
B speaks the truth)]
= P (E and F ) + P (E and F)
7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 55 17. (D) m = = = 11. 5 5
= P ( E) P ( F ) + P ( E) P ( F )
Sd2 = 7 - 11 + 9 - 11 + 11 - 11 + 13 - 11 + 15 - 11 = 40
3 1 1 4 3 1 7 7 + = + = = 100 % = 35%. 4 5 4 5 20 5 20 20 44. (C) byx = r r 2 = bxy byx 45. (C)
( Sxi )( Syi ) 199 - 30 42 Sx i y i 6 n = 43. (B) byx = 2 ( Syi ) 2 42 42 Syi 318 n 6 (199 - 210) -11 = = -0.46. = ( 318 - 294) 24 sy sx and bxy = r sx sy r = bxy byx .
s=
Sd 2 40 = = 8 = 2 2 = 2 1.41 = 2.8. n 5
23. (A) Let E = event that the husband will be alive 25
years hence and F =event that the wife will be alive 25
18. (C) M =
6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 50 = = 10. 5 5
years hence.
Sd2 = 6 - 10 2 + 8 - 10 + 10 - 10 + 12 - 10 + 14 - 10 = 40
5 P ( E) = 12
Sd 40 6= = n 5
3 and P ( F ) = Then, 8 5 7 3 5 and P ( F ) = 1 - = . Thus P ( E) = 1 = 12 12 8 8
sx 1 1 sy >r +r ( bxy + byx ) > r is true if r sy 2 2 sx
2 i.e. if s2 + sx > 2 sx s y y
= 8 = 2 2 = 2 1.414 = 2.83 (app.)
Clearly, E and F are independent events.
i.e. if ( s y - sx ) 2 > 0, which is true. 46. (A) r = 1.6 0.4 = .64 = 0.8 byx = r m1 = sy sx sy sx = byx r 5 1 sy 1 , = 2= 2 r sx 0.8 m - m2 tan q = 1 1 + m m 1 2 = 1.6 =2 0.8 m2 = r sy sx = 0.8 2 = 1.6.
So, E and F are independent events.
19. (B) Here p = 0.4, q = 0.6 and n = 3.
P(at least one of them will be alive 25 years hence)
Required probability = P(A occurring at least once)
= C1 (0.4) (0.6) + C2 (0.4) (0.6) + C3 (0.4)
16 6 64 784 4 36 =3 + 3 + = 0.784. = 100 10 1000 1000 10 100
= 1 - P(none will be alive 24 years hence) 7 5 61 = 1 - P ( E F ) = 1 - P ( E) P ( F ) = 1 = 12 8 96
24. (D) P(none dies)
= (1 - p) (1 - p)....n times = (1 - p) n
20. (B) p =
2.5 - 1.6 0.9 = 1 + 2.5 1.6 = 5 = 0.18.
1 , 2
q=
1 , 2
n = 8. Required probability
= P (6 heads or 7 heads or 8 heads)
P(at least one dies) = 1 - (1 - p) n . 1 P(A1 dies) = {1 - (1 - p) n }. n

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Page 581
Chap 9.7 UNIT 9

(B) = 35 .
x2 x5 x8 x11 + + + 2 20 160 4400
Statement for Q. 1819: dy For = 1 + y 2 given that dx
SOLUTIONS
x2 = x0 0.4 Since f (2) is negative and f ( 3) is positive, a root lies 0.4228 between 2 and 3. 0.6841 the root lies between 3.7888 and 4. 0.6 1. (B) Let f ( x) = x 3 - 4 x - 9 0.5 ( - 0.5441) = 37888 . 0.3979 + 0.5441
x1 - x0 f ( x0 ) f ( x1 ) - f ( x0 )
(C) 0.2 0.2027
x2 x5 x8 x11 + + + 2 20 160 2400
x:
(D)
x2 x5 x8 x11 + + + 2 40 480 2400
y:
Since f ( 37888) = - 0.0009 and f ( 4) = 0.3979, therefore .
12. For dy dx = xy given that y = 1 at x = 0. Using Euler Then f ( x1 ) = 2.5 3 - 4(2.5) - 9 = - 3.375 (B) 0.4228 (D) 1.4396 to the root is second approximation 1 x2 = ( x1 + 3) = 2.75. 2 Then f ( x2 ) = (2.75) 3 - 4(2.75) - 9 = 0.7969 i.e. positive. i.e. negative\The root lies between x1 and 3. Thus the decimal is 3.789.
Using Milnes method determine the value of y for
method taking the step size 0.1, the y at x = 0.4 is
x given in question.
First approximation to the root is 1 x1 = (2 + 3) = 2.5. 2
Taking x0 = 37888, x1 = 4, we obtain . 0.2112 ( - .009) = 37893 . . x3 = 37888 0.3988 Hence the required root correct to three places of
(A) 1.0611
(B) 2.4680
18. y (0.8) = ?
(C) 1.6321
(D) 2.4189
(A) 1.0293
(C) 0.6065
Statement for Q. 1315. (B) 1.3428 (D) 2.168 The root lies between x1 and x2 . Thus the third 1 approximation to the root is x3 = ( x1 + x2 ) = 2.625. 2 Then negative. approximation to the root is x4 = Hence the root is 2.6875 approximately. 2. (B) Let f ( x) = x 3 - 2 x - 5 So that f (2) = - 1 and f ( 3) = 16 (B) 0.8397 Taking (D) 0.1934 i.e. a root lies between 2 and 3. x0 = 2, x1 = 3, f ( x0 ) = - 1, f ( x1 ) = 16, in the f ( x3) = (2.625) 3 - 4(2.625) - 9 = - 1.4121 i.e.
4. (D) Let f ( x) = xe x - 2, Then f (0) = - 2, and f (1) = e - 2 = 0.7183 So a root of (i ) lies between 0 and 1. It is nearer to 1. Let us take x0 = 1. Also f ( x) = xe x + e x and f (1) = e + e = 5.4366 By Newtons rule, the first approximation x1 is f ( x0 ) 0.7183 =1 = 0.8679 x1 = x0 f ( x0 ) 5.4366 f ( x1 ) = 0.0672, f ( x1 ) = 4.4491.
For dy dx = x + y
given that y = 1 at x = 0.
19. y (10) = ? .
Determine the value of y at given x in question using
(A) 1.9428
modified method of Euler. Take the step size 0.02.
(C) 1.5555
13. y at x = 0.02 is
Statement for Q.2022:
(A) 1.0468
(B) 1.0204
Apply Runge Kutta fourth order method to obtain
(C) 1.0346
(D) 1.0348
y (0.2), y (0.4) and y (0.6) from dy dx = 1 + y 2 , with y = 0
at x = 0. Take step size h = 0.2.
14. y at x = 0.04 is (B) 0.4396 (D) 0.9341
(A) 1.0316
(B) 1.0301
20. y (0.2) = ?
The root lies between x2 and x3 . Thus the fourth 1 ( x2 + x3) = 2.6875. 2
(C) 1.403
(D) 1.0416
(A) 0.2027
Thus the second approximation x2 is f ( x1 ) 0.0672 = 0.8679 = 0.8528 x2 = x1 f ( x1 ) 4.4491 Hence the required root is 0.853 correct to 3 decimal places. 5. (B) Let y = x + log10 x - 3.375 To obtain a rough estimate of its root, we draw the graph of (i ) with the help of the following table : x y 1 -2.375 2 -1.074 3 0.102 4 1.227
(C) 0.3846
15. y at x = 0.06 is
(A) 1.0348
(B) 1.0539
21. y (0.4) = ?
(C) 1.0638
(D) 1.0796
(A) 0.1649
(C) 0.4227
16. For dy dx = x + y given that y = 1 at x = 0. Using (B) 0.2935 (D) 0.563
22. y (0.6) = ?
modified Eulers method taking step size 0.2, the value
of y at x = 1 is
(A) 0.9348
method of false position, we get x1 - x0 1 f ( x0 ) = 2 + = 2.0588 x2 = x0 f ( x1 ) - f ( x0 ) 17 Now, f ( x2 ) = f (2.0588) = - 0.3908 i.e., that root lies between 2.0588 and 3. Taking x0 = 2.0588, x1 = 3, f ( x0 )
(C) 0.6841
(A) 3.401638 at
(B) 3.405417
(C) 9.164396
(D) 9.168238
23. For dy dx = x + y 2 , given that y = 1 at x = 0. Using
Runge Kutta fourth order method the value of y (B) 2.1635 (D) 2.9468
17. For the differential equation dy dx = x - y 2 given
x = 0.2 is (h = 0.2)
Taking 1 unit along either axis = 0.1, The curve crosses the xaxis at x0 = 2.9, which we take as the initial Repeating this process, the successive approxima- tions are x4 = 2.0862, x5 = 2.0915, x6 = 2.0934, x7 = 2.0941, x8 = 2.0943 etc. Hence the root is 2.094 correct to 3 decimal places. approximation to the root. Now let us apply NewtonRaphson method to
that
(A) 1.2735
= - 0.3908, f ( x1 ) = 16 in (i), we get 0.9412 ( - 0.3908) = 2.0813 x3 = 2.0588 16.3908
x: at
0.2
0.4
0.6
(C) 1.9356
y:
0.02
0.0795
0.1762
24. For dy dx = x + y given that y = 1 at x = 0. Using
Runge Kutta fourth order method the value of y (B) 1.9438 (D) 1.6389
f ( x) = 1 +
Using Milne predictorcorrection method, the y at
x = 0.2 is
(h = 0.2)
f ( x) = x + log10 x - 3.375 1 log10 e x 3. (C) Let f ( x)2 x - log10 x - 7 Taking x0 = 35, x1 = 4, in the method of false position, . we get
Page 583 Page 584
next value of x is
(A) 1.1384
(A) 0.2498
(B) 0.3046
(C) 1.2428
f (2.9) = 1 +
f (2.9) = 2.9 + log10 2.9 - 3.375 = - 0.0126 1 log10 e = 11497 . 2.9 The first approximation x1 to the root is given by
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(C) 0.4648
(D) 0.5114
*********
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Chap 9.7 UNIT 9

x1 = x0 = 2 + (2 - x) dx =2 + 2x ....(1) yn + 1 = yn + h( xn , yn ) n = 0 in (1) gives y1 = y0 + hf ( x0 , y0 ) Here y1 = 1 + 0.1 f (0, 1) = 1 + 0 = 1 n = 0 in (1) gives y2 = y1 + h f ( x1 , y1 ) = 1 + 0.1 f (0.1 , 1) = 1 + 0.1 (0.1) = 1 + 0.01 Thus y2 = y( 0 .2 ) = 101 . ....(2) n = 2 in (1) gives y3 = y2 + hf ( x2 , y2 ) = 101 + 0.1 f (0.2 , 101) . . . . y3 = y( 0 .3) = 101 + 0.0202 = 10302 n = 3 in (1) gives y4 = y3 + hf ( x3 , y3) = 10302 + 0.1 f (0.3 , 10302) . . = 10302 + 0.03090 . . y4 = y( 0 .4 ) = 10611 Hence y( 0 .4 ) = 10611 . 13. (B) The Eulers modified method gives y1* = y0 + hf ( x0 , y0 ), h y1 = y0 + [ f ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( x1 , y1*)] 2 y0 = 0 Now, here h = 0.02, y0 = 1, x0 = 0 x0 = 0, y0 = 1, h = 0.1
0
f ( x0 ) 0.0126 = 2.9 + = 2.9109 . f ( x0 ) 11497 x2 2 Eulers method gives The second approximation to y is given by
x (1 )
at x = 0,
y = 1,
dy = -1 dx
....(1)
f ( x1 ) = - 0.0001, f ( x1 ) = 11492 . y ( 2 ) = y0 + ) dx
x0 x
Thus the second approximation x2 is given by
d2 y dy =1 -2y dx 2 dx
f ( x1 ) 0.0001 = 2.9109 + = 2.91099 x2 = x1 . f ( x1 ) 11492 x2 dx = 2 + f x, 2 + 2 x 2 x0

2
at x = 0, y = 1,
d2 y =1 + 2 = 3 dx 2
f ( x, y
Hence the desired root, correct to four significant x2 = 2 + (2 + 2 x - x) dx 2 0 =2 + 2x + The third approximation to y is given by
x (2 )
figures, is 2.911
d y d y dy = -2 -2y dx 3 dx 2 dx
at x2 x3 2 6
6. (B) Let x = 28 so that x - 28 = 0
x = 0, y = 1,
d 3y =-8 dx 3
Taking f ( x) = x 2 - 28, Newtons iterative method gives
d4 y = -2 dx 4 y
x0 3 4 4 x 2 2 3 ( 3)
dy d 2 y d 3y 3 dx dx 2 + y dx 3 = y0 + ) dx
xn + 1 = xn -
x 2 - 28 1 28 f ( xn ) = xn - n = xn + xn 2 xn 2 f ( xn )
Now since f (5) = - 3, f ( 6) = 8, a root lies between 5 and x2 x3 dx = 2 + f x, 2 + 2 x + 2 6 x0

x x2 x3 = 2 + 2 + 2 x + - dx 2 6 0
d4 y at x = 0, y = 1 = 34 dx 4
f ( x, y
6.
The Taylor series expression gives
Taking x0 = 5.5,
y( x + h) = y( x) + h
dy h d y h d y h d y +K + + + 3 ! dx 3 4 ! dx 4 dx 2 ! dx 2
x1 = =2 + 2x + 11. (B) Here ....(1)

x
28 1 28 1 = 5.5 + x0 + = 5.29545 5.5 2 x0 2 x2 x3 x4 + 2 6 24 f ( x, y) = x + y 2 , x0 = 0
y(0.1) = 1 + 0.1( -1) +
(0.1) 4 (0.1) 2 (0.1) 3 34 + ...... 3+ ( -8) + 4! 3! 2!
x2 =
2
28 1 28 1 = 5.29545 + x1 + = 5.2915 5.29545 2 x1 2 y0 = 0 We have, by Picards method y = y0 +

0 x0
= 1 - 0.1 + 0.015 - 0.001333 + 0.0001417 = 0.9138
x3 =
9. (C) Here f ( x, y) = x + y , x0 = 0
28 1 28 1 = 5.2915 + x2 + = 5.2915 5.2915 2 x2 2
We have, by Picards method
Since x2 = x3 upto 4 decimal places, so we take
y = y0 +
28 = 5.2915.
x0
f ( x, y) dx f ( x, y ) dx
x x
The first approximation to y is given by
7. (B) Let h = 0.1, y (1 ) = y0 +

0 x x0 2
given x0 = 0,
x1 = x0 + h = 0.1
y (1 ) = y0 +
x0
f ( x, y ) dx
...(2)
x 0
dy = 1 + xy dx x2 = 0 + xdx = 2 0
dy d2 y =x +y dx dx 2
f ( x, y ) dx
=0 +
f ( x, 0) dx
0
. y1* = 1 + 0.02 f (0, 1), y1* = 1 + 0.02 = 102 h Next y1 = y0 + [ f ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( x , y1*)] 2 0.02 [ f (0, 1) + f (0.02, 102)] . =1 + 2 = 1 + 0.01 [1 + 10204 ] = 10202 . . So, . y1 = y (0.02) = 10202
* 14. (D) y2 = y1 + h f ( x1 , y1 )
Where y0 = 0 +
d2 y dy d 3y , =x +2 dx 2 dx dx 3
x
d 3y d2 y d4 y =x +3 dx 3 dx 2 dx 4 y(2 )
x x
f ( x, 0) dx = x dx.
The second approximation to y is given by
given that
x = 0,
y =1
The second approximation to y is given by

x
y ( 2 ) = y0 +
0
dy d2 y d 3y d4 y = 1 ; 2 = 1, = 2, = 3 and so on dx dx dx 3 dx 4
x0
f ( x, y
(1 )
) dx = 0 +
f x,
x3 dx 3
= 10202 + 0.02 [ f (0.02, 10202)] . . = 10202 + 0.0204 . x2 x5 x4 dx = = x + + 4 2 50 0 The third approximation is given by
x
x2 dx = y0 + f ( x, y (1 ) ) dx = 0 + f x, 2 x0 0
The Taylor series expression gives :
y( x + h) = y( x) + h
dy h2 d 2 y h3 d 3 y + + + 3 ! dx 3 dx 2 ! dx 2
x6 = 0 + x2 + 9 0
x3 x7 dx = + 3 63
Next
y2 = y1 +
Now,
y (0.4) =
(0.4) 3 (0.4) 7 + = 0.02135 3 63
= 10406 . h * [ f ( x, y) + f ( x2 , y2 )] 2 0.02 . [ f (0.02, 10202) + f (0.04, 10406)] . . y2 = 10202 + 2 y ( 3) = y0 +

x x0
y (0.1) = 1 + 0.1 1 +
(0.1) (0.1) 2 +K 1 + 3! 2!
10. (C) Here
f ( x, y) = y - x ; x0 = 0, y0 = 2
f ( x, y
=0 +
x
(2 )
) dx
= 10202 + 0.01 [10206 + 10422 ] = 10408 . . . . . y2 = y( 0 .04 ) = 10408
0.01 0.001 y(0.1) = 1 + 0.1 + + +K 2 3
We have by Picards method
= 1 + 0.1 + 0.005 + 0.000033 .........
= 11053 .
y = y0 +
x0
f ( x, y) dx
f x,
0
x2 x5 dx + 2 20 2 x7 x2 x5 x8 x11 x4 x10 dx = + + + = x + + + 2 20 160 4400 4 400 40 0 12. (A) x: 0

Page 585 Page 586
* 15. (C) y3 = y2 + hf ( x2 , y2 )
8. (B) Let h = 0.1,
given
x0 = 0,
y0 = 1
= 10416 + 0.02 f (0.04, 10416) . .
x1 = x0 + h = 0.1,
0
y (1 ) = y0 +
dy = x - y2 dx
x0
f ( x, y ) dx
=2 +
f ( x, 2) dx
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Next
= 10416 + 0.0217 = 10633 . . h * y3 = y2 + [ f ( x2 , y2 ) + f ( x3 , y3 )] 2

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UNIT 9
1 1 k2 = hf x0 + h, y0 + k1 = (0.2) f (0.1, 0.1) = 0.202 2 2
h k k2 = hf x0 + , y0 + 1 2 2
1 1 k3 = hf x0 + h, y0 + k2 = (0.2) f (0.1, 0.101) = 0.2020 2 2
= (0.2) f (0.1, 11) = 0.2(1.31) = 0.262 . h k k3 = hf x0 + , y0 + 2 2 2
= 0.2 f (0.1, 1131) = 0.2758 .
k4 = hf ( x0 + h, y0 + k3) = 0.2 f (0.2, 0.2020) = 0.20816 1 k = [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2 + 2 (.202) + 2 (.20204) + 0.20816 ], 6
k4 = hf ( x0 + h, y0 + k3)
k = 0.2027
k=
such that = 1 + 0.2735 12735 .
y1 = y(0.2) = y0 + k = 0 + 0.2027 = 0.2027
= (0.2) f (0.2, 12758) = 0.3655 . 1 [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + 2 k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2 + 2 (0.262) + 2 (0.2758) + 0.3655 ] = 0.2735 6
21. (C) We now to find y2 = y(0.4), k1 = hf ( x1 , y1 )
Here
y1 = y( 0 .2 ) = y0 + k
= (0.2) f (0.2, 0.2027) = 0.2 (10410) .
= .2082
24. (C) Here f ( x, y) = x + y h = 0.2
1 1 k2 = hf x1 + h , y1 + k1 2 2
To find y1 = y( 0 .2 ) ,
= (0.2) f (0.3, 0.3068)
= 0.2188
1 1 k3 = hf x1 + h , y1 + k2 2 2
k1 = hf ( x0 , y0 ) = 0.2 f (0, 1) = 0.2 h k . k2 = hf x0 + , y0 + 1 = (0.2) f (0.1, 11) = 0.24 2 2
= 0.2 f (0.3, 0.3121) = .2194
h k . k3 = hf x0 + , y0 + 2 = (0.2) f (0.1, 112) = 0.244 2 2
k4 = hf ( x1 + h, y1 + k3) = 0.2 f (0.4, .4221) = 0.2356 1 k = [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2082 + 2(.2188) + 2(.2194) + 0.356 ] = 0.2200 6 = 12428 .
k=
y2 = y( 0 .4 ) = y1 + k = 0.2200 + .2027 = 0.4227
k4 = hf ( x0 + h, y0 + k3) = (0.2) f (0.2, 1244) = 0.2888 . 1 [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2 + 2(0.24) + 2(0.244) + 0.2888 ] = 0.2428 6
y1 = y( 0 .2 ) = y0 + k = 1 + 0.2428
22. (C) We now to find y3 = y( 0 .6 ) , k1 = hf ( x2 , y2 )
= (0.2) f (0.4, 0.4228)
= 0.2357
1 1 k2 = hf x2 + h, y2 + k1 2 2
***********
= (0.2) f (0.5, 0.5406) = 0.2584
1 1 k3 = hf x2 + h, y2 + k2 2 2
= 0.2 f (0.5, .5520) = 0.2609 1 k4 = [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2357 + 2(.2584) + 2(0.2609) + 0.2935 ] 6 1 = [0.2357 + 0.5168 + 0.5218 + 0.2935 ] = 0.2613 6
y3 = y( 0 .6 ) = y2 + k = .4228 + 0.2613 = 0.6841
23. (A) Here given
x0 = 0
y0 = 1,
h = 0.2
f ( x, y) = x + y 2
To find y1 = y( 0 .2 ) ,
k1 = hf ( x0 , y0 )
= (0.2) f (0, 1) = (0.2) 1 = 0.2
Page 588
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia

1 13. Let A = 5 3 0 0 , then A -1 is equal to 2 4 0

19. The system equationsx + y + z = 6, x + 2 y + 3z = 10,

7. Every diagonal elements of a Hermitian matrix is (B) 0 (D) 1

-2 3 is a singular matrix, then l is l

(A) Purely real

(C) Purely imaginary

8. Every diagonal element of a SkewHermitian matrix

2. If A and B are square matrices of order 4 4 such

(A) Purely real

that A = 5B and A = a B , then a is

(C) Purely imaginary

(A) 5 (B) Skewsymmetric (D) SkewHermitian

(D) None of these

3. If A and B are square matrices of the same order

10. If A is SkewHermitian, then iA is

(D) None of these

2 16. The rank of the matrix A = 0 2

(A) Idempotent (C) Singular (B) c t (D) 3A

(B) Involutory (D) None of these

-2 - 2 , then adj. A is equal to 1

15 x - 6 y + 5 z = 0, solution, if l is (A) 6 (C) 2 18. The

lx - 2 y + 2 z = 0 (B) -6 (D) -2 system the only solution, if l is (A) l (C) l 2

25. If the eigen values of a square matrix be 1, - 2 and 3,

5. Every diagonal element of a skewsymmetric matrix

(A) 1 (C) Purely real 5 (B) 2 (D) None of these

(B) 0 (D) None of these 3 1

-1 2 12. The inverse of the matrix is 3 -5

(D) None of these

(D) None of these

Chap 9.1 UNIT 9

39. If A is a 3-rowed square matrix such that A = 3,

cos 2 f cos f sin f B= sin 2 f cos f sin f

is a null matrix, then q and f differ by

(D) None of these

(A) an odd multiple of p

28. If 2 , - 4 are the eigen values of a nonsingular

(B) an even multiple of p

(C) an odd multiple of

(A) 3 1 (A) 6 2 6 2 (C) 9 3

(D) an even multiple

46. The matrix, that has an inverse is 5 2 (B) 2 1 8 2 (D) 4 1

35. If A and B are two matrices such that A + B and AB

are both defined, then A and B are

(A) both null matrices

(A) (B) 28 (D) None of these

(B) both identity matrices

(D) None of these

(C) both square matrices of the same order

(D) None of these

47. The skew symmetric matrix is

30. If 1 and 3 are the eigenvalues of a square matrix A

(B) 13A - 12I 2

(D) None of these

31. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and A = 2 then (B) I - A (D) I - 2 A

cos a - sin a 2 then (I - A ) is equal to cos a sin a

0 , then the value 2

2 (A) 0 0 1 2 43. If A = 2 1 then A -1 is 1 1

- 4 , then for every positive integer -1

0 1 1 + 2 n (B) n (D) None of these 1 4 (A) 3 2 2 5 - 4n 1 - 2 n

(D) None of these

1 0 (B) 0 1 1 (C) 2 1 0 (D) 0 2

8 32. The sum of the eigenvalues of A = 4 2

cos a 38. If A a = - sin a