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UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Engineering Mathematics
0 2 1 (A) 3 (C) 0 20. The system of (A) a unique solution (B) no solution (C) an infinite number of solutions (D) none of these equations (B) -3 (D) None of these. x + 2 y + lz = 12 is inconsistent, if l is
CHAPTER
(A) 1 -10 2 4 -1 -1 0 0 2 0 0 2 (D) None of these 0 0 2 0 2 -1 0 2 1 (B) -5 1 2 -1 -1 1 (C) -10 -1 3 x + 26 y + 2 z = 9, 7 x + 2 y + 10 z = 5 has
9.1
2 -1 14. If the rank of the matrix, A = 4 7 1 4 3 l is 2, then 5 (A) adj A = 0 (B) 13 (D) None of these (C) adj A = I n 22. The system of the value of l is (A) -13 (C) 3 15. Let A and B be nonsingular square matrices of the same order. Consider the following statements. (I) ( AB) T = A TBT (B) 0 (D) 1 (V) AB = A B Which of the above statements are false ? (A) I, III & IV (C) I & II (B) IV & V (D) All the above (III) adj( AB) = (adj. A)(adj. B) (II) ( AB) -1 = B-1 A -1 (IV) r( AB) = r( A)r(B)
5 x + 3 y + 7 z = 4,
LINEAR ALGEBRA
21. If A is an nrow square matrix of rank (n - 1), then (B) adj A 0 (D) None of these equations x - 4 y + 7 z = 14, 3 x + 8 y - 2 z = 13, 7 x - 8 y + 26 z = 5 has (A) a unique solution (B) no solution (C) an infinite number of solution (D) none of these
1. If A =
0 -1 2
1 0 -2
(A) 0
(B) -2
(C) 2
(D) -1
is
(B) 25
(C) 625
9. If A is Hermitian, then iA is
(A) Symmetric
4 3 23. The eigen values of A = are 9 - 5 (A) 1 (C) -1, - 1 1 -1 3 -2 is 4 -3 (B) 2 (D) None of these (B) 1, 1 (D) None of these
such that AB = A and BA = A , then A and B are both (B) Skewsymmetric (D) SkewHermitian. (A) 3 (C) 1 17. The
(C) Hermitian
(A) Singular
(B) Idempotent
(C) Involutory
(A) Symmetric
(C) Hermitian
2 8 -6 24. The eigen values of A = -6 7 - 4 are 3 2 -4 (A) 0, 3, -15 (C) 0, 3, 15 system of equations 3 x - y + z = 0, (B) 0, - 3 , - 15 (D) 0, - 3, 15
-5 -8 0 4. The matrix, A = 3 5 0 is 1 2 -1
- 1 - 2 11. If A = 2 1 2 -2
(A) A
has
nonzero
(C) 3A t
is
then the eigen values of the matrix 2A are 3 1 (B) 2 , - 4 , 6 (A) , - 1 , 2 2 (C) 1 , - 2, 3 of equation x - 2 y + z = 0, 2 x - y + 3z = 0, lx + y - z = 0 has the trivial solution as (B) l =
4 3
(D) None of these. 26. If A is a nonsingular matrix and the eigen values of A are 2 , 3 , - 3 then the eigen values of A -1 are 1 1 -1 (A) 2 , 3 , - 3 (B) , , 2 3 3 (D) None of these
Page 526
1 2
i 2
6. The matrix, A = -
i 2
1 2
is
5 (A) 3
2 1
(A) Orthogonal
(B) Idempotent
(C) Unitary
-5 -2 (C) -3 -1
(C) 2 A , 3 A , - 3 A
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Linear Algebra
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Engineering Mathematics
27. If -1 , 2 , 3 are the eigen values of a square matrix A then adj (adj A) is equal to : (A) 3A (C) 27A 40. If A is a 3-rowed square matrix, then adj (adj A) is equal to (A) A (C) A
4 6 3
then the eigen values of A are (B) 9A (D) none of these 1 2 (C) 1 26 1 3 (A) -1 4 1 0 1 (B) -1 2 3 (D) Undefined
1 2 0 T 45. If A = , then AA is 3 -1 4
(A) -1 , 2 , 3
(B) 1, 4, 9
(C) 1, 2, 3
matrix A and A = 4, then the eigen values of adj A are (B) A (D) A
2
p 2
1 2
, -1
(B) 2 , - 1
p 2
(C) 2 , - 4
(D) 8 , - 16
29. If 2 and 4 are the eigen values of A then the 41. If A is a 3-rowed square matrix such that A = 2, then adj (adj A 2 ) is equal to (A) 2 4 (C) 2
16
eigenvalues of A T are
1 2
1 4
(B) 2, 4
(C) 4, 16
then A 3 is equal to 2 x 42. If A = x of x is (A) 1 (C) 1 2 (B) 2 (D) None of these 0 1 and A -1 = x -1
(A) 13( A - I 2 )
0 36. If A = tan
a 2
- tan a 2 0
0 -2 5 (A) 2 0 6 -5 -6 0
1 5 2 (B) 6 3 1 2 4 0
(C) 12( A - I 2 )
A (adj A) is equal to
(A) I + A
0 1 3 (C) 1 0 5 3 5 0
0 3 3 (D) 2 0 2 1 1 0
(C) I + 2 A
2 0
1 2
0 0 2
1 2 (B) 0 0
0 0 1 2
3 37. If A = 1
1 1 1 0 and B = 0 , the product of A and B 48. If A = 1 0 1 1 is 1 (A) 0 1 -2 (B) -2 1 1 2 (D) Undefined A 49. Matrix D is an orthogonal matrix D = C 1 (B) (C) 1 2 (D) 0 50. If A n n is a triangular matrix then det A is
n n
n, A n is equal to
1 (C) 0 0
0 0 1
1 + 2 n (A) n
4n 1 + 2 n
5 0
3 9 is 5
1 - 2 n (C) n
4n 1 + 2 n
equal to
(A) 18 II. A a A b = A ( a + b)
n
(B) 15
2 3 (C) 3 1 2 7
(C) 10
statements :
I. A a A b = A ab
then A is equal to
(A) 8
(B) 10
sin a cos n a
(C) 9
sin na cos na
-1 -8 -10 (A) -1 -2 5 15 9 22
(A)
( -1) a
i =1 n
ii
(B)
a
i =1 n
ii
(A) I and II
(C)
Page 527 Page 528
-1 -8 -10 (C) 1 -2 -5 15 9 22
0 -8 -10 (D) 1 -2 -5 9 21 15
( -1) a
i =1
ii
(D)
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a
i =1
ii
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Linear Algebra
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Engineering Mathematics
7. (A) A square matrix A is said to be Hermitian if A Q = A. So aij = a ji . If i = j then aii = aii i.e. conjugate of an element is the element itself and aii is purely real. Now, Here A =
T
t 2 cos t dA 51. If A = t , then dt will be e sin t 12. (A) Since A -1 = -1 2 = -1 3 -5 - 3 - 1 2 1 -5 adj A = -3 1 adj A A
SOLUTIONS
8. (C) A square matrix A is said to be Skew-Hermitian if A Q = - A. -2 0 + 0 3 -2 it is only possible when aii is purely imaginary. 9. (D) A is Hermitian then A Q = A Now, ( iA) Q = i A Q = - iA Q = - iA, Thus iA is SkewHermitian. 10. (C) A is SkewHermitian then A Q = - A Now, ( iA) = i A = - ( -A ) = iA then iA is Hermitian.
Q Q T 11. (C) If A = [ aij ]n n then det A = [ cij ]n n
1. (B) A is singular if A = 0
1 a ji = - aij ,
(D) Undefined
0 -1 2
0 -2
-2 3 =0 l
- 2 -1
(A) A is non singular and the rows and columns of A are linearly independent.
1 - ( -1) -2
- 2 1 + 2 l 0
( l - 4) + 2( 3) = 0
l - 4 + 6 =0 l = -2
1 adj A A 0 0 = 4 0, 2
T
order n n then kA = k A .
(D) A is singular.
A = 5B A = 5B = 5 4 B = 625 B
a = 625
************
3. (B) A is singular, if A = 0, Where cij is the cofactor of aij Also cij = ( -1) i + j M ij , where M ij is the minor of aij , obtained the remaining matrix. Now, M11 = minor of a11 0 0 -1 -2 M 21 = -2 -1 M 23 = 2 M 32 2 aii = 0 aii = 0 1 i.e. -1 = -2 -2 1 = -3 by leaving the row and the column corresponding to aij and then take the determinant of
A is Idempotent, if A 2 = A
adj A == A -1 =
4 0 0
10 -10 4 0 -1 = 10 2 2 0 2 -1 -1
0 0 2
A is Involutory, if A 2 = I
4 0 1 10 2 4 -1 -1
0 0 2 14. (B) A matrix A ( m n ) is said to be of rank r if (i) it has at least one nonzero minor of order r, and (ii) all other minors of order greater than r, if any; are zero. The rank of A is denoted by r( A). Now, given that r( A) = 2 minor of order greater than 2 i.e., 3 is zero.
A = A and B = B,
Similarly 1 2 - 2 -6 6 ; M13 = 2 = = M12 = 1 2 - 2 2 -2 - 6 ; M 22 =-1 = 1 2 - 2 6 ; M 31 =-2 = - 2 1 -2 3; = 1 - 2 6 ; = -2 -1 - 2 6 ; M 33 =-1 - 2 3 = = = 1 2 - 2 2 C11 = ( -1)1 + 1 M11 = -3; C12 = ( -1)1 + 2 M12 = -6 ; C13 = ( -1)
1+ 3
1 0 0 = 0 1 0 = I, 0 0 1
A2 = I
2 -1 Thus A =4 7 1 4
3 l = 0 5 2( 35 - 4 l) + 1(20 - l) + 3(16 - 7) = 0, 70 - 8 l + 20 - l + 27 = 0, 9 l = 117 l = 13 15. (A) The correct statements are M13 = -6; C21 = ( -1)
2+1
AT = - A ,
aij = - aij ,
( AB) T = BT A T , ( AB) -1 = B-1 A -1 , adj ( AB) = adj (B) adj ( A) M 31 = 6; C32 = ( -1) C33 = ( -1) 3+ 3 M 33 = 3 C12 C22 C32
T T 3+ 2
6. (C) A is orthogonal if AA T = I
M 32 = -6 ;
r( AB) r( A) r(B), AB = A B Thus statements I, II, and IV are wrong. 16. (B) Since A = 2( -9 + 8) + 2( -2 + 3) = - 2 + 2 = 0
T
transpose of A i.e., A Q = ( A) T . 1 2 i 2 i
Here,
2 i
0 = I2 1
AA =
2 1 2
2 1 = 1 0 2
Thus A is unitary.
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r( A ) = 2
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UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.1
5 3-l = 0 -5 - l -4 0 2 0 cos a 38. (D) A a A b = - sin a 1 5 = 1 26 cos ( a + b) = - sin ( a + b) sin ( a + b) = Aa+ b cos ( a + b) sin a cos b cos a - sin b sin b cos b 1 + 2 n = n - 4n , where n = 2. 1 - 2 n 3 37. (B) A 2 = 1 (1)( 3) + (2)( -1) + (0)( 4) (1)(1) + (2)(2) + (0)(0) = ( 3)(1) + ( -1)(2) + ( 4)(0) ( 3)( 3) + ( -1)( -1) + ( 4)( 4) - 4 3 - 1 1 - 8 - 3 1 3 1 2 0 45. (C) AA T = 2 -1 3 -1 4 0 4 - 4 5 = - 1 2 0 2 0 = 0 1 0 0 0 2
( 3 - l)( - 5 - l) + 16 = 0
- 15 + l2 + 2 l + 16 = 0
l + 2l + 1 = 0
( l + 1) = 0
l = - 1, - 1
1 A(adj A) = 2 0 0
diagonal elements)
-6 2 8 -l -6 - 4 0 7-l = -4 3-l 2 Also, it is easy to prove by induction that cos na sin na (A a )n = cos na - sin na 39. (A) We know that adj (adj A ) = A A. Here n = 3 and A = 3. So, adj (adj A) = 3( 3- 2 ) A = 3A. 40. (C) We have adj (adj A) = A Putting n = 3, we get adj (adj A) = A . 41. (C) Let B = adj (adj A 2 ). Then, B is also a 3 3 matrix.
3-1 4 ( n -1 ) 2 n -2
l2 - 18 l2 + 45 l = 0
l( l - 3)( l - 15) = 0
l = 0 , 3 , 15
is said to be singular. Only (B) satisfy this condition. 5 2 A = = (5)(1) - (2)(2) = 1 2 1 47. (A) A skew symmetric matrix A n n is a matrix with A T = -A . The matrix of (A) satisfy this condition.
34. (C)
are 2 , - 4 and 6
cos q cos f cos ( q - f) cos q sin f cos ( q - f) AB = =A cos f sin q cos ( q - f) sin q sin f cos ( q - f)
1 1 1 0 (1)(1) + (1)(0) + (0)(1) 1 48. (C) AB = 0 = = 1 0 1 (1)(1) + (0)(0) + (1)(1) 2 1 49. (C) For orthogonal matrix
nonsingular matrix A, then A -1 has the eigen values 1 1 1 1 1 . Thus eigen values of A -1 are , , , , ........, l1 l2 ln 2 3
2
the same type, say m n. Also, AB is defined. So, the adj {adj (adj A 2 )} = adj B = B3 = adj (adj A 2 ) = A 2
2 ( 3-1 )
2
-1 . 3 =B
2
= A 16 = 216
det M = 1 And M -1 = M T , therefore Hence D -1 = D T A C 1 0 -B -1 DT = = D = -BC -C A B 0 -C 1 This implies B = B= B = 1 -BC B Hence B = 1 50. (B) From linear algebra for A n n triangular matrix
n
[K
A2 = A
2
l1
l2
,......,
; A 0. Thus
2 tan
and sin a =
a 2
0 1 = 2 0 0 , 1
0 1 So, 2 x = 1 x= 1 . 2
1 + tan 2
a 2
0 1 = 2 x 0
51. (C ) 43. (D) Inverse matrix is defined for square matrix only.
cos a (I - A ) sin a
- sin a cos a
d( t 2 ) dA dt = t dt d( e ) dt
d(cos t) dt = 2 t - sin t d(sin t) e t cos t dt 52. (A) If det A 0, then A n n is non-singular, but if A n n is non-singular, then no row can be expressed as a linear combination of any other. Otherwise det A = 0 (2)(1) + ( -1)( 3) (2)( -2) + ( -1)( 4) (2)( -5) + ( -1)(0) = (1)(1) + (0)( 3) (1)( -2) + (0)( 4) (1)( -5) + (0)(0) ( -3)(1) + ( 4)( 3) ( -3)( -2) + ( 4)( 4) ( -3)( -5) + ( 4)(0)
tan
characteristic equation of A is
1 = - tan a 2
a 2 cos a sin a 1
2 -1 1 -2 -5 44. (C) AB = 1 0 3 4 0 -3 4
( l - 1) ( l - 3) = 0 l2 - 4 l + 3 = 0
A 2 - 4 A + 3I 2 = 0
1 - t t 1 + t 2 1 = -t 1 2 t 2 (1 + t )
-2 t (1 + t 2 ) 1 - t2 2 1+ t
************
A = 4 A - 3I 2
A 3 = 4 A 2 - 3A = 4( 4 A - 3I) - 3A
-1 -8 -10 = 1 -2 -5 15 9 -22
A 3 = 13A - 12I 2
a 1 - tan 1 - t 2 = (I + A ) = = t 1 tan a 1 2
Page 532
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Page 533
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Differential Calculus
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.2
11. log sin ( x + h) when expanded in Taylors series, is equal to (A) log sin x + h cot x (A) 2 cos 2 u (C) 1 tan u 4 (B) 1 sin 2 u 4 (B) log sin x + h cot x + 1 (C) log sin x - h cot x + h2 cosec2 x + K 2 17. If u = tan -1 x (A) (C) sin u 1 sin 2 u 2 u u is +y y x (B) sin 2u (D) 0 (D) None of these p 12. sin x when expanded in powers of x - is 2 2 3 2 p p p x- x- x- 2 2 2 (A) 1 + + + +K 2! 3! 4!
2 2
16. If u = tan -1 x+
x+ y , then x u + y u equals x y y
CHAPTER
1 2 h sec 2 x + K 2
9.2
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
c ] 1, 3 [ such that f ( c) = 0 is given by 1 1 (A) c = 2 (B) c = 2 2 3 7 1 (B) , 2 4 9 1 (D) , 2 4 (D) None of these p p x- x- 2 2 2 p (C) x - + + +K 2 3! 5!
the curve is
p p x- x- 2 2 + -K 2! 4!
2u 2u 2u + 2 xy + y 2 2 , is dx 2 dx dy y (B) u (D) -u 19. If z = e sin y, x = log e t and y = t 2 , then by the expression (A) (C) ex (sin y - 2 t 2 cos y) t ex (cos y + 2 t 2 sin y) t (B) (D) dz is given dt ex (sin y + 2 t 2 cos y) t ex (cos y - 2 t 2 sin y) t 20. If z = z( u, v) , u = x 2 - 2 xy - y 2 , v = a, then (A) ( x + y) (C) ( x + y) z z = ( x - y) y x (B) ( x - y) z z = ( y - x) y x (D) ( y - x) z z = ( x + y) y x
(C) c = 2
1 2
9 1 (A) , 4 2
2. Let f ( x) = sin 2 x, 0 x
p 2
p and f ( c) = 0 for c ] 0, 2 [.
7 1 (C) , 4 2
Then, c is equal to p (A) 4 (B) 0.20 (D) None (B) 1 + 2 x + 2 x 2 + (C) 1 + 8 3 x +... 3
(B)
p 3
(C)
p 6
(D) None
(A) 0.16
(C) 0.24
x2 x4 + +K 2! 4!
(A) 3
(B) -3
(A) - 6
(D) None of these 14. If u = e xyz , then 3u is equal to x y z (A) e xyz [1 + xyz + 3 x 2 y 2 z 2 ] (B) e xyz [1 + xyz + x 3 y 3z 3 ] (C) e xyz [1 + 3 xyz + x 2 y 2 z 2 ] (D) e xyz [1 + 3 xyz + x 3 y 3z 3 ] 15. If z = f ( x + ay) + f( x - ay), then 2z 2z (A) = a2 2 x 2 y (C) 2z 1 2z =- 2 y 2 a x 2 2z 2z (B) = a2 2 y 2 x (D) 2z 2z = - a2 2 x 2 y
(C) -2
(D) -
1 2
(C)
9. Let f ( x) = e x in [0, 1]. Then, the value of c of the (B) ( e - 1) (D) None
4. If Rolles theorem holds for f ( x) = x 3 - 6 x 2 + kx + 5 on 1 , the value of k is [1, 3] with c = 2 + 3 (A) -3 (B) 3
mean-value theorem is
(A) 0.5
(C) 7
(D) 11
(C) log ( e - 1)
1) is
(A) (7, 1)
p (A) , - 1 2
7 1 (C) , 2 4
1 1 (D) - , 2 2
2 p -3 (C) , 3 2
Page 534
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UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.2
23. If x = r cos q, y = r sin q where r and q are the (B) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A (A) x > 0 (C) x > 1 (D) x < 1 (B) x < 0 (C) A is true but R is false (D) A is false but R is true
3 3
functions of x, then (B) n( n - 1) u (D) ( n - 1) (A) ] -, [ (C) ] 2, [ u y du 34. If u = x log xy, where x + y + 3 xy = 1, then is dx equal to (A) (1 + log xy) (B) (1 + log xy) (C) 1 (C) (1 - log xy) 2
(A) nu
(A) r cos q
dr dq - r sin q dt dt
(B) cos q
dr dq - r sin q dt dt
(C) ( n - 1)
u x
(C) r cos q
dr dq + sin q dt dt
(D) r cos q
dr dq - sin q dt dt
r 2 r 2 (B) 2 r 2 + y x
(ii) If u =
x -y
1 2
1 2
x4 + y4
u u u then x + y2 2 + 2 xy y x y x 2
44. The minimum distance from the point (4, 2) to the parabola y 2 = 8 x, is (B) 2 2 (D) 3 2 45. The co-ordinates of the point on the parabola y = x 2 + 7 x + 2 which is closest to the straight line y = 3 x - 3, are (A) (-2, -8) (C) (-2, 0) (B) (2, -8) (D) None of these 46. The shortest distance of the point (0, c), where (D) None of these 0 c < 5, from the parabola y = x 2 is (A) (B) ] -1, 1 [ (D) None of these
x
2 2 r 1 r (C) 2 + y r x
(iii) If u = x + y then x 2
1 2
1 2
25. If x = r cos q, y = r sin q, then the value of z z y 35. If z = xyf , then x is equal to +y y x x (A) z (B) 2z u x (C) xz
3 2
is
2q 2q + x 2 y 2
u u y (iv) If u = f then x +y y x x
(A) 0 (2) (4) interval (A) ] 2, 3 [ (III) 3 4 3 4 (C) ] -1, [ 3 4 3 37. f ( x) = 4 (IV) (C) ] -, 2 [ ] 3, (B) ] -, 3 [ 1 u 4 (D) yz
(B) 1
ListII
(C)
r x
(D)
r y
(1) -
3 u 16
26. If u = x m y n , then
(3) 0
(A) du = mx m -1 y n + nx m y n -1
Correct match is
(D)
dy dx du =m +n y x u
(I)
(II)
(A)
4c + 1 (C) 4c - 1 2
(B)
(B)
(C)
(A) ] -, - 1 [ ] 1, [
a x (A) y5
2a x (B) y5
(D)
2a x y5
(D) -
38. f ( x) = x 4 - 2 x 2 is decreasing in the interval (A) ] -, -1 [ ] 0, 1 [ (C) ] -, -1 [ ] 1, [ (B) ] -1, 1 [ (D) None of these 39. f ( x) = x 9 + 3 x 7 + 6 is increasing for (A) all positive real values of x (B) all negative real values of x (C) all non-zero real values of x (D) None of these 40. If f ( x) = kx - 9 x + 9 x + 3 is increasing in each
3 2
2a x y5
(B) e 1 (C) e
1 e
(A) 1%
28. z = tan -1
y , then x
(C) p%
(A) dz =
xdy - ydx x2 + y2
(B) dz =
xdy + ydx x2 + y2
below:
250 48. The minimum value of x 2 + is x (A) 75 (C) 25 (B) 50 (D) 0 49. The maximum value of f ( x) = (1 + cos x) sin x is interval, then (A) k < 3 (C) k > 3 (B) k 3 (D) k 3 (C) 4
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(C) dz =
xdx - ydy x2 + y2
(D) dz =
xdx - ydy x2 + y2
29. If u = log
x2 + y2 u u , then x is equal to +y x+ y x y
u u y Assertion (A): If u = xyf , then x = 2u +y y x x Reason (R): Given function u is homogeneous of degree 2 in x and y.
Of these statements
(A) 3
(B) 3 3 (D) 3 3 4
Page 537
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) u
(D) eu
Page 536
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UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Engineering Mathematics
SOLUTIONS
p p f = 0, f = 1, .... 2 2 13. (B) Let f ( x) = tan x Then, 17. (A) Here tan u =
2 3 p p p x p x p f + x = f + xf + f + f +... 4 4 4 2! 4 3! 4
p p p f = 1, f = 0, f = -1, 2 2 2
u u 1 + y sec 2 u = tan u x y 2
sin 2 x f ( x) = p sin x + 4
(A)
differentiable.
2 f ( x) = sec 2 , f ( x) = 2sec 2 x tan x, f ( x) = 2sec 4 x + 4sec 2 x tan 2 x etc. Now, p p p p f = 1, f = 2, f = 4, f = 16, ... 4 4 4 4 x2 x3 p Thus tan + x = 1 + 2 x + 4 + 16 + K 2 6 4 = 1 + 2 x + 2 x2 + 8 3 x +K 3
xyz
(B)
(C) 1
(D) - 2
Now, f ( x) = 3 x - 12 x + 11
f ( c) = 3c 2 - 12 c + 11.
Now, f ( c) = 0
3c 2 - 12 c + 11 = 0
(B) a = 2, b = -1
1 c = 2 . 3
(C) a = 2, b = -
1 2
y y 18. (A) Let v = f and w = xY x x Now v is homogeneous of degree zero and w is homogeneous of degree one
52. 14. (C) Here u = e 2u = ze xyz + yze xyz xz = e xyz ( z + xyz 2 ) xy 3u = e xyz (1 + 2 xyz) + ( z + xyz 2 ) e xyz xy x y z = e xyz (1 + 3 xyz + x 2 y 2 z 2 ) 15. (B) z = f ( x + ay) + f( x - ay) z = f ( x + ay) + f ( x - ay) x u = exyz yz x
The
co-ordinates
of
the
point
on
the
curve
p x R, so f ( x) = sin 2 x is continuous in 0, . 2
(A) ( 5 , 0)
(B) ( 6 , 0)
Also,
x2 and x 2
2v 2v 2v + y 2 2 = 0....(1) + 2 xy y x y x 2 2w 2w 2w = 0....(2) + y2 + 2 xy y 2 x y x 2 Adding (1) and (2), we get x2 2 2 2 ( v + w) + 2 xy ( v + w) + y 2 2 ( v + w) = 0 y x y x 2 x2 2u 2u 2u + y2 2 = 0 + 2 xy y x y x 2 19. (B) z = e x sin y
(C) (0, 2)
f ( x) = 2 cos 2 x, which clearly exists for all p p x ]0, [ .So, f ( x) is differentiable in x ]0, [. 2 2
(A) tan x
(B) 0
2 cos 2 c = 0
2c =
p 2
(C) cot x
(D) cos x
*************
f ( x) = (2 x + 3) e
x 2
- x + 6 - x2 1 -2 2 e ( x + 3 x) = e 2 2 2
2z = f ( x + ay) + f( x - ay)....(1) dx 2 z = af ( x + ay) - af ( x - ay) y 2z = a 2 f ( x + ay) + a 2 f( x - ay)....(2) y 2 Hence from (1) and (2), we get 2z 2z = a2 2 x y 2 x+ y x+ tan u = x+ y x+ y
f ( x) is differentiable in ] -3, 0 [.
Now, f ( c) = 0
- c + 6 - c2 e 2 =0 2
y = f (say)
c + 6 - c = 0 i.e. c - c - 6 = 0 c = -2, c = 3.
( c + 2) ( 3 - c) = 0
Hence, c = -2 ] -3, 0 [ .
4. (D) f ( x) = 3c 2 - 12 x + k
f ( c) = 0
3c - 12 c + k = 0
Page 538
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Differential Calculus
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Engineering Mathematics
24. (C) r 2 = x 2 + y 2
and
2r 2r = 2 and =2 x 2 y 2 z = y y 1+ x x 1 = 2 2 x x + y
z z z and 0....(v) ( -2 x - 2 y) + = v y u
r r and + = 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 4 r 2 y x
( x + y)
z z = ( y - x) x y
2 2 r r y 1 r + 2 = 2 + 2 y y r x x
y In (d)u = f It is a homogeneous function of degree x zero. u u = 0. u = 0 +y x y x Hence correct match is a 2 b 1 c 3 d 4 32. (B) Let 2a and 2b be the major and minor axes of the ellipse Area A = pab log A = log p + log a + log b
These are implicit functions 29. (B) u = log f is a homogeneous function of degree one x or xe u or, x u u =1 +y y x u u = eu + ye u y x f f = f +y y x x e u e u = eu +y y x x2 + y2 x2 + y2 , eu = = f (say) x+ y x+ y
y = r sin q
tan q =
y x
y q = tan -1 x
f dy = - x , f dx y
f dz y =f dy z
1 -y q -y = = x 1 + ( y x) 2 x 2 x 2 + y 2
-2 xy 2q and = x 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2
f f dy dz x y = dx dy f f y z
Similarly
2q 2 xy 2q 2q and =0 = + y 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 x 2 y 2
f f dz f f or, = y z dx x y
from (i),
1 z z = 2x , = x 2 x 2 + y 2 y 2 x
2
x2 + y2
2y
and 3 x 2 + 3 y 2
fx = - 6 ax + 3 x 2 , f y = 3 y 2 , fxx = - 6 a + 6 x ,
(log A) = (log p) + (log a) + (log b) A a b =0 + + A a b 100 100 100 A = a + b A a b 100 100 But it is given that a = 1, and b = 1 a b 100 A = 1 + 1 = 2 A Thus percentage error in A =2% y 33. (A) Given that u = xyf . Since it is a homogeneous x function of degree 2.
dy dy + 3ax + 3ay.1 = 0 dx dx
f yy = 6 y , fxy = 0
x 2 + ay dy = - 2 y + ax dx
dz = dx
x +y
x 2 + ay - 2 x + y y + ax
( 6 x - 6 a( 3 y 2 ) 2 - 0 + 6 y( 3 x 2 - 6 ax) 2 = - (3 y2 )3 2 = - 5 ( -ax 3 - ay 3 + 4 a 2 x 2 ) y x
x2 y It is a homogeneous function of x+ y
By Eulers theorem x Thus x u u 2u 2u (as in question 30) = = ( n - 1) +y x x x y x 2 In (b) u = x1 2 - y1 2 . It is a homogeneous function of x1 4 + y1 4 1 1 1 degree - = 2 4 4
u u = nu (where n = 2) +y y x u u = 2u +y y x 34. (A) Given that u = x log xy....(i) x 3 + y 3 + 3 xy = 1....(ii) u u u dy we know that ....(ii) + = x x y dx x2 = 2u 2u 2u + 2 xy + y 2 2 = n( n - 1) u x 2 x y y 1 1 3 u - 1 u = 4 4 16 From (i) and u 1 = x y + log xy = 1 + log xy x xy u 1 x = x x= y xy y
a dz = + dx ( a , a ) a2 + a2
a 2 + aa =0 - 2 a + a a + a. a
=-
2 [ -a( a 3 + y 3) + 4 a 2 x 2 ] y5
=-
dx x dr x dq ....(ii) + = dt r dt q dt y ....(i) x
=-
2a x y5
From (i),
x x = cos q, = - r sin q r q
dx dr dq = cos q - r sin q dt dt dt
Page 541 Page 542
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Differential Calculus
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Engineering Mathematics
3 x2 + 3 y2 dy = - x - x (1 + log x) dx
dy dy + 3 x + y 1 = 0 dx dx
x2 + y dy = - 2 y + x dx
E = (2 t - 4) + ( 4 t - 2) is minimum.
dy a = + 2 bx + 1 dx x a + 2 b = 1....(i)
x x 2 + y du = (1 + log xy) + - 2 y y + x dx
1 -1 e
35. (B) The given function is homogeneous of degree 2. z z Eulers theorem x = 2z +y y x d2 y 1 dx 2 1 = - e x = < 0.
e
d2 E d2 E = 48 > 0. = 48 t 2 . So, 2 dt 2 dt ( t =1 )
So, t = 1 is a point of minima. 1 So, x = is a point of maxima. Maximum value = e1 e . e ellipse. 48. (A) f ( x) = 2 x f ( x) = 0 2x x = 5. or p = 10 250 Thus minimum value = 25 + = 75. 5 49. (D) f ( x) = (2 cos x - 1)(cos x + 1) and ( x + 2) 2 + 1 f (5) = 6 > 0. So, x = 5 is a point of minima. 250 =0 x2
x2 y2 + = 1 which is an 5 4
Clearly, f ( x) > 0 when x < 2 and also when x > 3. 250 500 and f ( x) = 2 + 3 x x2
Let the required point be ( 5 cos f , 2 sin f). Then, D = ( 5 cos f - 0) 2 + (2 sin f + 2) 2 is maximum when z = D 2 is maximum
f ( x) is increasing in ] -, 2 [ ] 3, [. 10
37. (B) f ( x) =
( x 2 + 1) - 2 x 2 1 - x2 = 2 ( x 2 + 1) 2 ( x + 1) 2
p=
y - 3x + 3
10
x2 + 7 x + 2 - 3 x + 3
x2 + 4 x + 5
So, f ( x) > 0
(1 - x 2 ) > 0
10
( x + 2) 2 + 1
10
z = 5 cos 2 f + 4 (1 + sin f) 2 dz = -10 cos f sin f + 8(1 + sin f) cos f df dz =0 df x = p 3 or cos f = 0 2 cos f ( 4 - sin f) = 0 p f= . 2 dz = - sin 2 f + 8 cos f df when f = p d 2z , < 0. 2 df2 d 2z = -2 cos 2 f - 8 sin f df2
(1 - x) (1 + x) > 0
dp 2 ( x + 2) d p 2 So, and = = dx dx 2 10 10
dp =0 dx
Sol. f ( x) is decreasing in ] -, -1 [ ] 1, [.
p -3 3 f = < 0. So, x = p 3 is a point of maxima. 2 3 p p 3 3 . Maximum value = sin 1 + cos = 3 3 4 50. (C) f ( x) = 2 sin x cos x sin x + cos x 2 = 2 2 2 2 (say), = (sec x + cosec x) z where z = (sec x + cosec x). cos x dz = sec x tan x - cosec x cot x = (tan 3 x - 1). sin 2 x dx dz =0 dx tan x = 1 x=
of x.
point on y = x 2 .
D = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 is shortest when E = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 is
p z is maximum when f = . So, the required point is 2 p p 5 cos , sin i.e. (0, 2). 2 2 53. (D) Let z = Then, 1 + tan x 1 tan x = + x x x 1 dz d 2z 2 = - 2 + sec 2 x and = + 2sec2 x tan x dx x dx 2 x 3 dz 1 x = cos x. =0 - 2 + sec 2 x = 0 x dx d 2z = 2 cos 3 x + 2sec2 x tan x > 0. dx 2 x = cos x p p in 0, . 4 2 Thus z has a minima and therefore y has a maxima at x = cos x.
shortest.
Now,
E = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 = y + ( y - c) 2 E = y 2 + y - 2 cy + c2
dE d2 E = 2 y + 1 - 2 c and = 2 > 0. dy dy 2
dE =0 dy
1 y =c - 2
43. (B) f ( x) = (2 x + a) 1 2 . .. x = y = c - 2
1 < x <2
1 1 Also, D = c - + c - - c 2 2
dz Sign of changes from -ve to +ve when x passes dx through the point p 4. So, z is minimum at x = p 4 and therefore, f ( x) is maximum at x = p 4. 2 2 Maximum value = = 1. [sec( p 4) + cosec ( p 4)]
Page 543 Page 544
= c-
1 4c - 1 = 4 2
************
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Engineering Mathematics
2x + 3 dx is equal to
2
1+ x + x
dx
CHAPTER
(B) (B) (C) 2 x 2 + x + 1 + sinh -1 (C) (D) 2 x 2 + x + 1 - sinh -1 3 sin x x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1 2x + 1
(A) 2 x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1
9.3
10. x-x x - x2 + c (D) tan dx is equal to 1
-1
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
is equal to (B) sin -1 (2 x - 1) + c (2 x - 1) + c 17. dx (A) (C) log (2 x - 1) + c (B) 2 tan -1 (tan x) 11. 1 -2x - x
2
1 - sin x dx
1. 1
x dx is equal to x2 + 1
dx 5. is equal to 1 + 3 sin 2 x
(A) e x f ( x)
e { f ( x) + f ( x)} dx is equal to
(C) e + f ( x)
x
(A)
1 log ( x 2 + 1) 2 2 cosh -1 1 + x 2
(B) log ( x 2 + 1)
(A)
1 2
tan -1 (tan x)
(C)
1 2
tan -1 (2 tan x)
( x + 1)
(C) tan
-1
x 2
(D) 2 tan
-1
6. 2 (C) - 2 cosh -1 1 + x
2 sin x + 3 cos x
e 1 + cos x dx is
2 cosh -1 1 + x x +c 2 (C) e x tan x + c 19. (B) e x cot x +c 2 (D) e x cot x + c
1 + sin x
2. If F ( a) =
1 , log a
(A)
(B)
(A)
1 ( a x - a a + 1) log a
(B)
(C)
(C) (C)
1 ( a x + a a + 1) log a
(D)
1 ( a x + a a - 1) log a
(B)
1 2 (D) 1
x
x p log tan + 2 6 x p log tan + 2 4 4
3. 25 18 3 13. 3x - 4 sin -1 5
1 + sin x
dx
is equal to
7.
3 + 8 x - 3 x dx is equal to
x p log tan + 2 2 8 dx
(A)
3x - 4
3 3
3 + 8 x - 3 x2 -
sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
is equal to
(D)
(B)
3x - 4 25 3 3x - 4 3 + 8 x - 3 x2 + sin -1 6 18 5 3x - 4 sin -1 18 3 5
(A) sin( x - a) log sin( x - b) x -a (B) log sin x -b sin( x - a) (C) sin( a - b) log sin( x - b) (D) sin( x - a) 1 log sin( a - b) sin( x - b) 14.
4.
2x
( 3 x + 1) dx is equal to 2 -2x + 3
(C)
3x - 4
6 3
3 + 8 x - 3 x2 -
(A) x sin -1 x + 1 - x 2 + c
(A)
2x -1 5 3 log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + tan -1 5 2 4
dx
2 x2 + 3 x + 4
is equal to
(A)
sin -1
4x + 3
23
(C)
(D)
cosh
-1
4x + 3
23
5 x - 3 dx is
0
2x -1 3 2 log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + tan -1 5 4 5
(D) 23/10
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UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.3
(x
1. (A)
2
+ y 2 ) dydx is equal to
4. (A) Let I =
0 x
SOLUTIONS
x
x dx +1
3x + 1 dx 2 x2 - 2 x + 3
(A)
(B)
3 35
46. The area bounded by the curve r = q cos q and the p lines q = 0 and q = is given by 2 p p2 p p2 (B) (A) - 1 - 1 4 16 16 6
(C)
(C)
p 16
p2 16 - 1
1 + x2
dy dx is
a cos 2 q
3 5 dx log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + 2 2 4 4 5 1 x- + 2 2 x-
p log ( 2 + 1) 4
p4
cos 2 q
p log ( 2 - 1) 4
rdrdq
p2
a cos 2 q
(C)
p log ( 2 + 1) 2
(C) 4
rdrdq
5 1 3 log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + tan -1 4 4 5 2
1 2 5 2
48. The area of the region bounded by the curve 1 1 - aa aa = log a log a log a =
ydxdy is equal to
(B)
0
3x ( x 2 + 2)
y ( x 2 + 2) = 3 x and 4 y = x 2 is given by
5. (C) Let I =
dx 1 + 3 sin 2 x cosec2 x dx cosec2 x dx = cosec 2 x + 3 (1 + cot2 x) + 3 Put cot x = t - cosec2 x dx = dt 1 -dt t 1 cot x = cot-1 = cot-1 I = 4 + t2 2 2 2 2 = 1 tan -1 (2 tan x) 2 6. (C) Let I =
(B)
y= 0
36 5
(A) (D)
y= 0 y= x 2 4 1
x2 4
1 + sin x
2
y= 0
dxdy
(C)
32 5
(C)
3x ( x 2 + 2)
y= x 2 4
dydx
a2 - x 2
a2 - x 2
(A) pah
(A)
dxdy
(B)
a-x
dxdy
(C)
1 pa 3h 3
2 sin x + 3 cos x dx 3 sin x + 4 cos x Let (2 sin x + 3 cos x) = p( 3 cos x - 4 sin x) + q( 3 sin x + 4 cos x) p= I= 1 18 , q= 25 25 1 25 =
a 2 - y2 a
a-x
dxdy
50.
1 1 1
0 0 0
e x + y+ z dxdydz is equal to
(A) ( e - 1) 3
x = 1 and x = 4 is given by
(C) ( e - 1) 2
(A) 25
(B)
3 cos x - 4 sin x
18
3 sin x + 4 cos x
51.
x+ z
-1
x -z
( x + y + z) dy dx dz is equal to
47 (C) 4
101 (D) 6
(A) 4
(C) 0
7. (B)
= 3 1 2
3 + 8 x - 3 x 2 dx = 3
is given by
(A) 1
(B)
1 2
(C)
3 2
(D)
5 4
*************
a (1 + cos q)
(A) 2
q= 0 r = 0
rdrdq
a (1 + cos q)
(B) 2
r=a
rdrdq
dx x x x x + cos 2 + 2 sin cos sin 2 2 2 2 x sec 2 dx 2 = = dx 2 2 x x x 1 + tan cos + sin 2 2 2 x Put 1 + tan = t 2 x 2 dt 2 sec2 dx = 2 dt 2 dt = - + K 2 t t x -2 cos -2 2 = +K +K = x x x cos + sin 1 + tan 2 2 2 x x x -2 cos cos - sin 2 2 2 +K = x x x x cos + sin cos - sin 2 2 2 2 x x x -2 cos 2 + 2 sin cos 2 2 2 +K = x x cos 2 - sin 2 2 2 -(1 + cos x) + sin x = + k = tan x - sec x - 1 + K cos x
dx
p2
a (1 + cos q)
(C) 2
r=0
rdrdq
p4
a (1 + cos q)
(D) 2
r=0
rdrdq
23 3 x+ + 4 4
Page 548
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Page 549
UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.3
1 (sin 2 x + cos 2 x) + 2 sin x cos x sin x + cos x dx 1 - (1 - sin x) dx 1 - sin x 1 1 + sin x dx - dx = dx - x 1 - sin x 1 - sin 2 x = 1 + sin x dx - x = (sec 2 x + sec x tan x) dx - x cos 2 x 22. (D)
0 0 35
sinh -1
x+ = dx
3 4 = 1 sinh -1 4 x + 3 2 23 23 4
dx 1 = p 2 sin x + 4
cosec x + 4 dx
sin x + cos x
9. (B)
2x + 3
x2 + x + 1
dx
2x + 1
x2 + x + 1
dx +
2 dx
13. (D)
sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
1
dx
x2 + x + 1
2x + 1
dx
1 = sin( a - b)
5 x - 3 dx = - 5 x - 3 dx + 5 x - 3 dx
35
x2 + x + 1
dx + 2
3 1 x+ + 2 2
1 sin( a - b)
sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
sin [( x - b) - ( x - a)]
5 x2 5 = - x2 + 3 x + 2 - 3x 2 0 3 5 9 5 9 9 9 =+ + - 3 - - 10 5 2 10 5 9 1 9 13 + - + = 10 2 10 10
1 1
1 sin ( a - b)
1 x+ 2 3 2 23. (B)
= 2 x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1
2x + 1
e
0
dx = + e- x Put e x = t
e
0
e x dx 2x +1
e
10. (B) =
-x
x x 1 x e sec 2 dx + e x tan dx 2 2 2
dx
=I
x 1- x
Put x = sin 2 q dx = 2 sin q cos q dq 2 sin q cos q 2 sin q cos q I = dq = dq sin q cos q sin q 1 - sin 2 q = = e x tan
3
t
p 4 24. (D)
dt e = [tan -1 t ]1 +1
I = 2 dq = 2 q + c = 2 sin x +c 2
2
-1
x+c
dx e dx = - 1 1 - e- x
x(1 - x) dx = ( x - x ) dx
2 0 0
I = sin
-1
(2 x - 1) + c
( x + 1) 1 - 2 x - x 2
dx
1 1 1 = x 2 - x 3 = c 2 ( 3 - 2 c) 3 0 6 2
c
x x x dx = 2 dx x2 + 1 x +1
1 Put x + 1 = t
1 dx = - 2 dt t
dx 1 + x + x2 + x3
dx (1 + x) (1 + x 2 )
x( x + 1 - 1) x dx = xdx - 2 dx x2 + 1 x +1
x(1 - x) dx = 0 c= 3 2
1 2 c ( 3 - 2 c) = 0 6
1 - 2 dt t
dt
I =
=-
2 t2 - 1
Let
A Bx + C 1 = + (1 + x)(1 + x 2 ) 1 + x 1 + x 2
25. (D) Put x 2 + x = t x dx = sin 1 - x2 xx x dx dx 1 - x2 In second part put 1 - x 2 = t 2 xdx = - tdt = x sin -1 x + dt = x sin -1 x + t = x sin -1 x + 1 - x 2 + c 21. sin x + cos x dx 1 + sin 2 x
-1
x 1 dx
1
(2 x + 1) dx = dt
1 1 1 1 - 2 - 1 - - 1 t t t
1 = A(1 + x 2 ) + ( Bx + C)(1 + x)
=-
dt
=-
cosh -1
2x + 1 x + x2
p
dx =
0
dt t
= 2( t ) = 2 2
1 2 2 0
A + B = 0, B + C = 0, C + A = 1
1 t2 - 2
26. (A)
=-
x
p
2 cosh -1 x + 1
x
p
sin 5 x dx = 0
p2 p2
sin x cos
dx p p + cos x sin 4 4
1 ( x + 1) 2 log 2 + 2 tan -1 x 4 x +1
27. (A)
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cos
0
x dx =
1 (cos 2 x + 1) dx 2
Page 551
Page 550
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UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.3
p2
=
0
p 40. (D)
0
1 1 sin 2 x + x 2 2 0
p p = 2 sin (1 - t) - dt = 4 2 0
2 sin 4 - 2 t dt
dx dydx = [ y ]01 + = 100( - cos p + cos 0) = 100(1 + 1) = 200. 36. (C) Let I = cos m x sin nx dx = f ( x) dx
0 0 p p
p
1
= = 1 + x 2 dx
0
1 1 p (sin p - sin 0) + - 0 2 2 2
p p = - 2 sin t - dt = - 1 4 2 0
= Where f ( x) = cos m x sin n x f ( p - x) = cos m ( p - x) sin n ( p - x) = ( - cos x) m (sin x) n = -cos m x sin n x, if m is odd
p A 2a
2I = 0
I =0
2a
f ( x) dx ....(1) f ( x) + f (2 a - x)
2a
I=
f (2 a - x) + f ( x) dx....(2)
=
2a 0 0
f (2 a - x)
p2
cos 1 dx = [ x ]
= 2a 37. (A) Let I = xF (sin x) dx ....(1)
0 4 p
x =
1 p p = 2 2 4
2a
2I = A =
f ( x) + f (2 a - x) dx
0 x2 4
f ( x) + f (2 a - x)
Solving the given equations y 2 = 4 x and x 2 = 4 y , we get x = 0, x = 4 . The region of integration A is given by
4
= ( x - p) F [sin ( p - x)]dx I =
0
I = a
y2
2 x
dx
0
x2 4
ydydx = 2
1 2
( p - x) F(sin x) dx ....(2)
p
1 - x2
1- x
48 x5 x4 1 dx = x 2 4x = 160 0 5 2 10 0 42. (A) The curves are x 2 + y 2 = a 2 ... x + y = a... ....(i) ....(ii) The curves (i) and (ii) intersect at A (a, 0) and B (0,a)
a a2 - x 2
p2
1 - x2 = t
I = a - a sin q a cos q dq
( -2 x) dx = dt
= a 2 cos 2 q dq = a 2
1
p2
0 p
2 1 - x2
when x = 0, t = 1, when x = 1, t = 0
pa 2 = 4 1 pF (sin x) dx 2 0
p2
I = -e dt = -[ e ] = -[ e - e ] = e - 1
t 0 1
a x
a - x dx
x =0
y= a - x
dydx
43. (D) The given equations of the curves are
e 2 x x + 2 tan dx sec 2 2 2
x
1 pa 2 pa 2 x 1 = x a 2 - x 2 + a 2 sin -1 = 0 + = 4 4 2 a 0 2 x 1 = e xsec 2 dx + 2 0 2
p2
dx
p2
3 1 x- + 2 2
1 x- 1 2 tan -1 3 3 2 0 2
p2
x 1 x e sec 2 dx 2 0 2
p2 p2
1 -x
dydx = [ y ]
1 x 0
p2
2 x -x
= [2 x + x ]dx
1
p I = log tan - x dx 2 0
p2
2 1 1 2 p p -1 = - tan -1 + tan 3 3 3 3 6 6
2p
x 1 1 = e x 2 tan 2 0 2 2
e
p = e p 2 tan - 0 4
2 tan
x dx 2
32 4 1 101 = + 8 - + = 6 3 3 2
x 0
p2
3 3
0 1
2p 3 9
e
= e - I 2 , I1 + I 2 = e I = I1 + I 2 = e p 2
1 x
p2
tan
x dx 2
44. (B) The equations of the given curves are y 2 = 9 x....(i) A(1, 3) and B(4, 6) If a figure is drawn then from fig. the required area is
1 x 4 3 x 4
p2
-1
-x dx + dx = x -1 x
x dx x
p2
-1
-1dx + 1 dx = -[ x ]
p
39. (B)
1
p2
= - [0 - ( -1)] + [1 - 0 ] = 0
1 3 2 2 2 ( x + y ) dy dx = x y + 3 y x dx 0 x 1 1 = x 5 2 + x 3 2 - x 3 - x 3 dx 3 3 0
1
A =
4
1 x+ 2
dydx = [ y ]
1
3 x x+ 2
dx
4
= log 1 dx = 0
0
I =0
35. (C)
100 p
1 = [ 3 x - ( x + 2)]dx = 2 x 3 2 - x 2 - 2 x 2 1 1 2 52 1 4 3 2 = x7 2 + x - x = 15 3 0 35 7 1 1 = (16 - 8 - 8) - 2 - - 2 = 2 2
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Page 552
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Page 553
UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.5
Thus the equation volume is V = 4 zdxdy 10. The integration of f ( z) = x 2 + ixy from A(1, 1) to B(2, 17. The value of f ( 3) is (A) 6 (C) -4i (D) 0 18. The value of f (1 - i) is (A) 7 ( p + i2) (C) 2 p (5 + i13) Statement for 1921: Expand the given function in Taylors series. 19. f ( z) = z = 15 . (B) 6 (2 + ip) (D) 0 (B) 4i 4) along the straight line AB joining the two points is (A) (C) (D) -29 + i11 3 (B) 29 - i11 3 23 - i6 5 23 + i6 5
a2 - x 2 0 a
r = a (1 + cos q)
0
....(i) dx = 4 h a 2 - x 2 dx
a - x
Required area A = 2
q= 0
p a (1 + cos q)
=4
hdydx = 4 h [ y ]
r=0
rdrdq
Let x = a sin q,
dx = a cos q dq,
p2
r = q cos q....(i)
= 4 ha 2 cos 2 q dq = 4 ha 2
p2
p 2 q cos q
p2
q cos q
A= 4 pi -1 (C) e 3
y+ z
q= 0
- e y + z ]dydz 12.
c
1 2 rdrdq = 2 r o 0 r=0
dq
1 1 1
50. (A)
p2
p2
e
1 - 2z
x + y+ z
dxdydz
0 0 0
1 2
cos 2 qdq =
1 4
q (1 + cos 2 q)dq
1 1
1 1
p2
p2
= [ ex +
y+ z 1 0
0 0
] dydz = [ e1 +
0 0
1 4
2 q dq +
1 4
2 q cos 2 q dq
= [ e1 + y + z - e y + z ]1 dz 0
p2
p2 p2 1 1 1 sin 2 q sin 2 q dq = q 3 + q 2 - 2q 2 4 3 0 4 2 0 0
= [( e 2 + z - e1 + z ) - ( e1 + z - e z )]dz
p2 p3 1 + - q sin 2 q dq 96 4 0
= ( e 2 + z - 2 e1 + z + e z ) dz = [ e 2 + z - 2 e1 + z + e z ]1 0 (A) (C) 3 2 z =1 -2 3
1 1 -1 1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 ....... 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 ....... 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 + ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 ....... 2 2 2 (D) None of the above 21. f ( z) = sin z about z = p 4
= ( e 3 - 2 e 2 + e) - ( e 2 - 2 e + 1)
p2 p2 p3 1 cos 2 q cos 2 q - -q - d q 96 4 2 0 2 0
= e 3 - 3e 2 + 3e - 1 = ( e - 1) 3
p2
p3 1 -p 1 + -0 96 4 4 8
cos 2 q dq
51. (C)
-1 0 x - z
( x + y + z) dydxdz
z x+ z
p2
p2 16 - 1
( x + y + z) 2 = dxdz 2 x- y -1 0
1 z
x+ z
cos pz 14. dz = ? where c is the circle z = 3 -1 c z (B) - i2 p (D) - i6 p2 z =3 (B) i2p (C) i4p 16. The value of (D) 0 1 cos pz dz around a rectangle with 2 pi z 2 - 1 c vertices at 2 i , -2 i is (A) 6 (C) 8 Statement for Q. 1718: (B) i2 e (D) 0
1 z
= sin pz 2
(2 x + 2 z) 2
-1 0
2 2x - dxdz 2
(A)
2 1 p 1 p 1 + z - - z - - ....... 4 2 ! 4 2
p 4 a cos 2 q
p4
cos 2 q
A =4
1 1
q= 0
z4 3 6 z dz = 4 4 -1 -1 (A) i6p
1 2 rdrdq = 4 2 r 0 0 r=0
dq
1 3 ( x + z) 3 x 3 = 2 (( x + z) 2 - x 2 ) dx dz = 2 - dz 3 3 0 -1 0 -1
(B)
2 1 p 1 p 1 + z - + z - + ....... 4 2 ! 4 2
p4
p4
2 2 [(2 z) 3 - z 3 - z ]dz = 3 - 3 1
(C)
2 1 p 1 p 1 - z - - z - - ....... 4 2 ! 4 2
1 1 = 4 - = 0 4 4
(D) None of the above 22. If z + 1 < 1, then z -2 is equal to (A) 1 + (B) 1 + (C) 1 + 3z 2 + 7 z + 1 f ( z0 ) = dz , where c is the circle ( z - z0 ) c x 2 + y 2 = 4. (D) 1 +
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n =1
y( x 2 + 2) = 3 x....(i)
and 4 y = x 2 ....(ii)
( n + 1)( z + 1)
n =1
n -1
3x ( x
+ 2)
x =0
y= x 2 4
dxdy
( n + 1)( z + 1)
n =1
n +1
n( z + 1)
n =1
( n + 1)( z + 1)
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Page 565
UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.5
z is, ( z 2 + 1)( z 2 + 4)
(x
p ( a + b) (B) ab 1. (C) Since, f ( z) = u + iv = u= x3 - y3 ; x2 + y2 v= x3 + y3 x2 + y2 (D) p ( a + b)
x2 dx = ? + a 2 )( x 2 + b2 )
SOLUTIONS
x 3(1 + i) - y 3(1 - i) ; z 0 x2 + y2
(B)
1 1 2 5 4 21 6 + z + z + z .......... 2 4 16 64
(B) K - z
-3
-z
-2
-z
-1
1 1 1 1 3 - - z - z2 z -K 2 4 8 18
1 3 15 5 z - z3 + z .......... 2 4 8
1+ x
(D)
1 3 7 (C) 2 + 2 + 4 ........... z z z
1 1 2 3 4 15 6 + z + z + z .......... 2 2 4 8
(A)
4 3
6 13 20 (A) + 2 + 3 + ........ z z z
1 8 13 (B) + 2 + 3 + ......... z z z
(C)
-2 3
u u(0 + h, 0) - u(0, 0) h3 h2 = lim = lim = 1 h 0 h 0 x h h - k3 k2 u u(0, 0 + k) - u(0, 0) = lim = lim = -1 k 0 v h 0 k k v v(0 + h, 0) - v(0, 0) h3 h2 = lim = lim =1 h 0 x h 0 h h v v(0, 0 + k), v(0, 0) k3 k2 = lim = lim =1 k 0 y k 0 k k Thus, we see that v u v u and = =x x y y Hence, Cauchy-Riemann equations are satisfied at z = 0. Again, f (0) = lim
z 0
(C)
1 3 7 + + + ......... z2 z3 z4
(D)
2 3 4 + - ........ z2 z3 z4
25. z < 1
(A) (D) -1 3 z = 15 .
(A) 1 + 3z
+7 2 15 2 z + z ..... 2 4
1 2
1 at z = 0 is z -1 (B) 2
(C)
(B)
1 3 7 15 3 + z + z2 + z ... 2 4 8 16
1 3
31.
1 3 z2 z3 + + + ....... 4 4 8 16
1 - 2z
(A) - i3p
(C) 2
f ( z) - f (0) z ( x 3 - y 3) + i( x 3 + y 3) 1 = lim z 0 ( x2 + y2 ) ( x + iy) Now let z 0 along y = x, then ( x 3 - y 3) + i( x 3 + y 3) 1 2i 1+ i f (0) = lim = = z 0 ( x2 + y2 ) ( x + iy) 2(1 + i) 2 Again let z 0 along y = 0, then x 3 + i( x 3) 1 =1 + i f (0) = lim 2 x 0 x (x ) So we see that f (0) is not unique. Hence f (0) does not exist. 2. (A) Since, f ( z) =
1 is z( z - 1)( z - 2)
( z - 1) 3 ( z - 1) 5 - ........... 2! 5!
(B) - ( z - 1) -1 -
( z - 1) ( z - 1) - ......... 2! 5!
(A) 6 p
(C) i2p
(C) - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) 3 - ( z - 1) 5 - ..........
-1
- ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - .........
33.
2 z e z dz = ? where c is z = 1
(A) i3p
C)
ip 3
2p
34.
1 1 1 1 2 + z + .......... z 2 2 z 12 720
2 + cos q = ?
dq
....(1) Now, the derivative f ( z) exits of the limit in equation (1) is unique i.e. it does not depends on the path along which Dz 0.
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(C)
(A)
-2 p
(C) 2 p 2
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Page 567
UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.5
f ( z o) = or
n +1
c o
Dy = 0 \ Dz 0 =
4 c o
Dx 0
v -( x 2 + y 2 ) - ( x - y)2 y = y ( x2 + y2 )2 n! 2 pi
(z - z )
= ....(1)
f ( z) dz
(z - z )
pi f ( z o) 3
f ( z) dz
2pi n f ( z o) n!
(z - z )
=
f ( z) dz
dv = 2 x dx + 2(1 - y) dy
....(2) =
On integrating v = x 2 - y 2 + 2 y + C
if ( z) = -v + iu
( z + 1)
pi f ( -1)....(2) 3 f ( z) = 8 e 2 z
Thus from equation (1) Dz + iDv Du Dv u v + = lim + i lim = f( z) = lim Dy 0 Dy 0 iDy Dy 0 iDz i y y iDy
(1 + i) f ( z) = ( u - v) + i( u + v)
9. (A) = 2 cos 2 x cosh 2 y - 2 = f( x, y) (cosh 2 y - cos 2 y) 2 u 2 cos 2 x (cosh 2 y - cos 2 x) - 2 sin 2 x = x (cosh 2 y - cos 2 x) 2
F ( z) = U + iV
f ( z) =
-i u v + y y
....(3)
( z + 1)
8 pi -2 e 3
....(3)
u v v -u and = = y x y x
U -U Now, dV = dy....(3) dx + y x
f ( z) =
= e x (sin y + cos y) dx + e x (cos y - sin y) dy f ( z) = f( z, 0) - iy( z, 0) 2 cos 2 z - 2 -2 = - cosec2 z - i(0) = = 1 - cos 2 z (1 - cos 2 z) 2 On integrating f ( z) = - cosec2 z dz + ic = cot z + ic 10. x = at + b, y = ct + d On A, z = 1 + i and On B, z = 2 + 4 i Let z = 1 + i corresponds to t = 0 and z = 2 + 4 i corresponding to t = 1 then, t = 0 and t = 1 x = b, y = d x = a + b, y = c + d 2 = a + 1, 4 = c + 1 AB is , y = 3t + 1 a = 1, c = 3 dx = dt ; dy = 3 dt b = 1, d = 1
v u v u +i = -i x y y x
z( z - 1)( z - 2) dz
c
F ( z) = (1 + i) e x + iy + ic1 = (1 + i) ez + ic1
z dz
c
and v = y 2
v v = 0 and =2y x y
we know that
u u f ( z) = -i y x
....(1)
f ( z) = e z + (1 + i) c
Formula 1 I1 = dz = 2 pi c z
....(2)
v v and f ( z) = + i ....(2) y x
....(3)
1 f ( z o) = 2pi
....(4)
by Milnes Method
f ( z) dz = ( x
c 1
+ ixy)( dx + idy) =
2 [( t + 1) + i( t + 1)( 3t + 1)][ dt + 3i dt] t= 0 1
inside z = 15, therefore I 2 = 2 pi....(3) . 1 For I 3 = dz, the singular point z = 2 lies outside c z -2 the circle z = 15, so the function f ( z) is analytic . everywhere in c i.e. z = 15, hence by Cauchys integral . = [( t 2 + 2 t + 1) + i( 3t 2 + 4 t + 1)](1 + 3i) dt
0 1
f ( z) = w = sinh z + ic
4. (B)
u 2u = 2(1 - y) ; =0 x x 2
....(1)
theorem 1 I3 = dz = 0....(4) c z -2 t3 29 = (1 + 3i) + t 2 + t + i( t 3 + 2 t 2 + t) = + 1 1i 3 3 0 11. (D) We know by the derivative of an analytic function that using equations (2), (3), (4) in (1), we get 1 - 2z 1 3
u 2u = -2 x ; =0 y y 2
....(2)
7. (A)
v v = 2 y = h( x, y), = 2 x = g( x, y) x y
2u 2u = 0, Thus u is harmonic. + x 2 y 2
On integrating f ( z) = z 2 + c
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Page 569
UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.5
z = e iq
dz = ieiqdq
1 p f = 2 4 1 p f = 2 4 2 <1 z =
-1
3z 2 + 7 z + 1 dz = 2 pif( z o) z - zo
p 1 p f = sin = 4 2 4
(z - z
f ( z) = - sin z 1 1 < <1 z 2 f ( z) = - cos z 1 1 1 = 1 - z -1 z z and 1 1 2 = 1 - z -2 z z = Taylor series is given by f ( z) = f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) + f (0) = 2; + about z = =
2
) dz =
q= 0
(e
1 <1 z
iq
- e 2 iq) ie iqdq
f ( z o) = 2pif( z o)
and f ( z o) = 2pi f( z o)
1 1 1 1 1 z z2 z3 1 + + + + .. - 1 + + 2 + 3 + K z 2 2 4 9 z z z 1 1 1 2 1 3 -4 -2 -1 or f ( z) = K-z - z - z - - z - z z -K 2 4 8 18
since, f( z) = 3z 2 + 7 z + 1
f ( z) = 6 z + 7 and f( z) = 6
=i
1 1 1 2 ( e 2 pi - 1) - ( e 3px - 1) = 3 i 2 3 ( z - z0 ) 2 f ( z 0 ) 2! ( z - z0 ) 3 f ( z 0 ) + .... 3!
2 z -1 19. (C) f ( z) = =1 z +1 z +1
1 1 1 1 1 + + 2 + 3 + K z z z 2 1 2 4 8 1 + + 2 + 3 + .... z z z z
f ( z) =
-4 ( z - 1) 3
f (0) = -4;
take f ( z) = cos pz, z o = 1, we have cos pz - 1 dz = 2 pif (1) = 2pi cos p = -2pi z =3 z
2 3
12 f ( z) = ( z + 1) 4 p z - 1 p 1 4 f ( z) = + z - + 2! 4 2 2 1 2 1 +K 2 p z - 4 + 3!
f ( z) = f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) +
sin pz sin pz dz dz - = z -1 z -2 c c
z 1 1 1 = - 1 - z -2 z -1 2 2 1 2
+ (1 - z) -1
about z = 0
f ( z) = -1 + z(2) +
2 3 1 1 p 1 p p f ( z) = 1 + z - - z - - z - -... 4 2 ! 4 3! 4 2
z z2 z3 2 3 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + K + (1 + z + z + z + ...) 1 3 7 15 3 f ( z) = + z + z 2 + z +K 2 4 8 16 26. (D) Since, 1 1 1 1 = + z( z - 1)( z - 2) 2 z z - 1 2( z - 2) For z - 1 < 1 Let z - 1 = u + ( n + 1)(1 + z) n + K z = u + 1 and u < 1 1 1 1 1 = + z( z - 1)( z - 2) 2 z z - 1 2( z - 2)
= -1 + 2 z - 2 z 2 + 2 z 3....
1 cos pz dz -1
f ( z) = -1 + 2( z - z + z ....)
1 1 = z 2 [1 - (1 + z)]2
1 1 1 = cos pz dz 2 2 pi z - 1 z + 1 c
20. (B) f ( z) =
1 z +1
1 cos nz cos nz Or I = dz 4 pi z - 1 z +1 c
f ( z) =
-1 ( z + 1) 2
f (1) =
f ( z) =
2 ( z + 1) 3
f (1) =
n =1
( n + 1)( z + 1) n
1 1 1 ....(1) = ( z - 1)( z - 2) z - 2 z - 1
= =
1 1 1 1 1 - + = (1 + u) -1 - u-1 - (1 - u) -1 2 2( u + 1) u 2( u - 1) 2
singular point of
f ( z) =
-6 ( z + 1) 4
f (1) = -
Taylor series is
3z 2 + 7 z + 1 is z -3
f ( z) = f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) +
z 2
<1
1 1 [1 - u + u2 - u3 + ... ] - u-1 - (1 + u + u2 + u3 + ...) 2 2 1 = ( -2 u - 2 u3 - ...) - u-1 = -u - u3 - u5 - K - u-1 2 Required Laurents series is f ( z) = -( z - 1) -1 - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) 3 - ( z - 1) 5 - K 27. (B) Let f ( z) = = 1 1 1 1 1 + + 2 + 3 + K z z z z
-1
f ( 3) =
3 1 ( z - 1) 3 - +K + 3! 8 4
3z + 7 z + 1 dz = 0 z -3
about z = 1
1 1 1 1 = = 1 - 1 z z -1 z z 1 - z
f ( z) =
2 1 -1 ( z - 1) + ( z - 1) + 2 2! 4
1 1 1 1 = - 2 ( z - 1) + 3 ( z - 1) 2 - 4 ( z - 1) 3 +.... 2 2 2 2
or f ( z) =
1 1 1 1 1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 - 3 ( z - 1) 3 + .... 2 2 2 2
z z2 z3 1 + 2 + 4 + 9 + K
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Page 571
Complex Variables
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.5
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
f ( z) dz = 2 pi 6 = 3 pi
Now
f ( z) dz = ( R e
2 2 iq
ie 2 iqiRe iqdq + a 2 )( R 2 e2 iq + b2 )
-idz ; z q 2p dq = z
1 1 and cos q = z + 2 z
e 2 iq
e 3iq dq R a 2 2 iq b2 + 2 e + 2 R R
CHAPTER
Now when R ,
b( z) dz = 0
2p
-idz dq 2 + cos q = 1 z 1 ; 0 c 2 + z + 2 z
c: z =1
x2 p ( 2 + a 2 )( x 2 + b2 ) dz = a + b - x
9.6
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
1. In a frequency distribution, the mid value of a class is 15 and the class interval is 4. The lower limit of the class is 6. A distribution consists of three components with frequencies 45, 40 and 15 having their means 2, 2.5 and 2 respectively. The mean of the combined distribution is (B) 13 (D) 10 (A) 2.1 (C) 2.3 (B) 2.2 (D) 2.4 7. Consider the table given below
Marks 0 10 Number of Students 12
= - 2i
dz z2 + 4z + 1
dz = f ( z) dz 1 + z6 c
Let f ( z) =
1 z2 + 4z + 1
segment from -R to R.
z = ( -1) p 6 = e i ( 2 n + 1 ) p 6
f ( z) dz = 2pi(Residue at z = -2 +
3+i lie in the contour 2 (A) 14 (C) 12
3)
where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Now, residue at z = -2 + 3
Only poles z =
- 3+i , i, 2
lim
z -2 +
( z + 2 - 3) f ( z) = lim
z -2 +
2 3
Residue at z =
2. The mid value of a class interval is 42. If the class size is 10, then the upper and lower limits of the class
f ( z) dz = 2 pi 2
pi
2p
dq
pi
2 + cos q = -2 i
1 3i(1 - 3i) (A) 9 (C) 27 =
2p
3i(1 + 3 i)
1 - 3i 12 i
10 20 20 30
18 27 30 40 40 50 20 17
1 Residue at z = i is 6i = 1 + 3i 12 i
3. The following marks were obtained by the students in a test: 81, 72, 90, 90, 86, 85, 92, 70, 71, 83, 89, 95,
85,79, 62. The range of the marks is
35. (C) I =
z2 dz = f ( z) dz ( z 2 + a 2 )( z 2 + b2 ) c c
Residue at z =
1 + 3i is 12 i
from -R to R.
(B) 17 (D) 33
50 60
f ( z) dz = f ( z) dz +
-R
f ( z) dz
f ( z) dz = 2pi
2p 2 pi (1 - 3i + 1 + 3i + 2 i) = = 3 12 i
4. The width of each of nine classes in a frequency distribution is 2.5 and the lower class boundary of the lowest class is 10.6. The upper class boundary of the highest class is (A) 35.6 (C) 30.6 5. In a monthly test, (B) 33.1 (D) 28.1 the marks obtained
0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8
(C) 27
(D) 6 8. The following is the data of wages per day: 5, 4, 7, 5, 8, 8, 8, 5, 7, 9, 5, 7, 9, 10, 8 The mode of the data is (A) 5 (C) 8 in mathematics by 16 students of a class are as follows:
Weight (in kg) Number of Children 40 5 43 8 46 16 49 9 52 7 55 3
or
f ( z) dz + f ( z) dz =
=
0
-R
2p ....(1) 3
Residue at z = ia,
= lim ( z - ia)
Now
iRe dq
iq
z ia
z a = ( z - ia)( z - ia)( z 2 + b2 ) 2 i( a 2 - b2 )
f ( z) dz = 1 + R e
6 6 iq
Residue at z = ib
ie iqdq R5 1 + e6 iq R6
where R ,
= lim ( z - ib)
f ( z) dz 0
z ib
(1)
f ( z) dz = f ( z) dz + f ( z) dz
ax 2p = 1 + x6 3
-R
(B) 4 (D) 6
(A) 55 (C) 40
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p 2 pi ( a - b) = a+b 2 i ( a 2 - b2 )
********
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Engineering Mathematics
16. The mean deviation of the following distribution is die in a year is A1 , A2 , K, An each x years old now, the probability
60 12 12
24. The probability that a man who is x years old will p. Then amongst n 3 1 (A) + 4 4 4 1 (C) + 5 5 1 4 (D) + 5 5 1 3 (B) + 2 2 persons
30. If 3 is the mean and (3/2) is the standard deviation of a binomial distribution, then the distribution is
value of x is that A1 will die in one year is (A) (C) 25. A bag contains 4 white and 2 black balls. Another the distribution is
12 16
10
11
(B) 10 (D) 40
12
(A) 12, 18 (C) 15, 5 (B) 2.5 (D) 2.8 bag contains 3 white and 5 black balls. If one ball is drawn from each bag, the probability that both are white is (A) (B) (D) None (C) 5 24 1 24 1 4 1 1 (A) + 7 8
24
15 is
31. The sum and product of the mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 24 and 18 respectively. Then, 1 3 (B) + 4 4 1 1 (D) + 2 2
(A) 2.4
(C) 2.7
(A) 0 (C) 2
(A) 1
32
(C) 2.83
Number of persons
32. A die is thrown 100 times. Getting an even number is considered a success. The variance of the number of successes is (A) 50 (C) 10 (B) 25 (D) None 33. A die is thrown thrice. Getting 1 or 6 is taken as a
120
an experiment is 0.4. Three independent trials of 26. A bag contains 5 white and 4 red balls. Another bag contains 4 white and 2 red balls. If one ball is drawn (B) 0.784 (D) None is red, is The (C) 8 27 (A) (B) 13 27 5 27 tossed (B) (D)
249 256 37 256
121
122
14
(A) 0.936
123
from each bag, the probability that one is white and one
124
125
20.
Eight
coins
are
(A)
7 64
(D) None
success. The mean of the number of successes is 3 2 (A) (B) 2 3 (C) 1 (D) None 34. If the sum of mean and variance of a binomial distribution is 4.8 for five trials, the distribution is
5 5
(A) 122 mm
(B) 123 mm
(C)
57 64
(C) 122.5 mm
(D) 122.75 mm
27. An anti-aircraft gun can take a maximum of 4 shots at an enemy plane moving away from it. The probabilities of hitting the plane at the first, second, third and fourth shot are 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 respectively. The probability that the gun hits the plane is (A) 0.76 (C) 0.6976 (B) 0.4096 (D) None of these 28. If the probabilities that A and B will die within a year are p and q respectively, then the probability that only one of them will be alive at the end of the year is (A) pq (C) q(1 - p) (B) p(1 - q) (D) p + 1 - 2 pq 29. In a binomial distribution, the mean is 4 and variance is 3. Then, its mode is (A) 5 (C) 4
Page 575 Page 576
Class interval
Frequency
one of them will solve a problem, selected at random (B) 0.63 (D) 0.20
1 4 (A) + 5 5 2 3 (C) + 5 5
1 2 (B) + 3 3
5
36
(A) 0.16
69
(C) 0.97
912
21
1215
23
35. A variable has Poission distribution with mean m. The probability that the variable takes any of the values 0 or 2 is m2 (A) e - m 1 + m + 2! (C) e 3 2 (1 + m 2 ) -1 2 (B) e m (1 + m) -3 2
1518
10
what percentage of cases are they likely to contradict (B) 45% (D) 15%
1821
12
(A) 5%
2124
(C) 35%
(A) 11.5
(B) 11.8
(C) 12
(D) 12.4
living till he is 70 are 7:5 and the odds against his wife X is a Poission variate (B) 2 (D) None such P (2) = 9 P ( 4) + 90 P ( 6), then the mean of X is that
11, 14 is
(A) 4
(B) 3.25
(A)
61 96
(C) 2.75
(D) 2.4
(C)
13 64
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Engineering Mathematics
37. When the correlation coefficient r = 1, then the xi yi = 199, xi2 = 184,
yi = 42,
two regression lines (B) -0.46 (D) None 2. (A) Let the lower limit be x. Then, upper limit x + 10. 10. (B) ( x 16 50)1 3 = 20 20 20 20 x = 16 50 = 10. x + ( x + 10) = 42 2 x = 37. Lower limit = 37 and upper limit =47. 3. (D) Range = Difference between the largest value = (95 - 62) = 33. 4. (B) Upper class boundary = 10.6 + (2.5 9) = 331. . 5. (B)
Marks 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 f = 16 2 4 1 3 2 4 9 4 20 12 7 8 ( f x) = 64 2 0 Frequency f f 1
yi2 = 318 and n = 6, then the regression coefficient bxy 1. (B) Let the lower limit be x. Then, upper limit is x + ( x + 4) x + 4. = 15 x = 13. 2 8. (C) Since 8 occurs most often, mode =8.
SOLUTION
A.M. = A +
is
are perpendicular to each other coincide are parallel to each other do not exist
38. If r = 0, then
(A) there is a perfect correlation between x and y (B) r = bxy byx (D) r = a+b = 10 2 ab = 8 1 ( bxy + byx ) 2
x on y respectively then
cov ( x, y) is equal to
(A)
1 2
( bxy + byx ) = r
(C)
1 2
a - b = ( a + b) 2 - 4 ab = 44 - 256 = 144 = 12. Solving a + b = 20 and a - b = 12 we get a = 16 and b = 4. 12. (D) Observations in ascending order are -3, -3, -1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5 6, 6, 6 Number of observations is 14, which is even. Median = 1 1 [7 the term +8 the term] = (2 + 5) = 35. . 2 2 13. (A) The given Table may be presented as
Diameter of heart (in mm) 120 121 122 Number of persons 5 9 14 Cumulative frequency 5 14 28
40. If cov ( x, y) = -16.5, var ( x) = 2.89 and var ( y) = 100, (B) 0.24 (D) 0.3
46. If byx = 1.6 and bxy = 0.4 and q is the angle between
and Physics in a class test are as follows (B) 0.25 (D) 0.92
4 x + 3y + 7 = 0
Rank in Maths
Rank in Chem.
(A) 1.25
10
(C) -0.75
48. If cov( X , Y ) = 10, var ( X ) = 6.25 and var( Y ) = 31.36, (B) (D) 0.256 6. (B) Mean =
2 2 4 5
then r( X , Y ) is
(A)
5 7
(C)
3 4
8 5 9
36 41 50
x = y = 49, xy = 44 and
n = 5, then bxy = ?
(A) - 1 3 (D) - 1 2
10
(C) - 1 4
Mid value x 5 15 25 = A 35 45 55
Frequenc yf 12 18 27 20 17 6 Sf = 100
n n Here n = 50. So, = 25 and + 1 = 26. 2 2 Medium = 1 122 + 122 (25th term +26 th term) = = 122. 2 2 [ . .. Both lie in that column whose c.f. is 28] 14. (B) Maximum frequency is 23. So, modal class is 1215. L1 = 12, L2 = 15, f = 23, f1 = 21 and f2 = 10. Thus Mode = L1 + f - f1 ( L2 - L1 ) 2 f - f1 - f2
50. If x = 125,
y is
yi = 44,
(A) 22 x + 9 y = 146
(C) 22 x - 9 y = 146
is equal to
*********
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Page 577
Page 578
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.6
= 12 +
3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 10 + 11 + 14 15. (C) Mean = = 8. 8 40. (D) r = var ( x) var ( y) = 2.89 100 = -0.97. cov ( x, y) -16.5
1 1 1 1 1 = 8 C6 + 8 C7 + 8 C8 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 37 87 1 + 8 + = = 256 256 256 2 1 256 39. (C) x = 47. (C) Given lines are : y = -2 -
Sd = 3 - 8 + 5 - 8 + 8 - 8 + 10 - 8 + 11 - 8 + 14 - 8
21. (C) Let E = the event that A solves the problem. and
= 22 41. (B) Di = -2, - 8, - 2, 3, 3, - 3, 3, 0, 2, 4. SDi2 = ( 4 + 64 + 4 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 16) = 128. 6 128 37 6( SDi2 ) = 0.224. R = 1 = 1 = n( n2 - 1) 10 99 165 48. (A) r( X , Y ) = Sxi yi 49. (C) byx = cov( X , Y )
Sd 22 = = 2.75. n 8
7 3 and x = - - y 4 4 -3 -3 and . byx = bxy = 4 4 -3 -3 9 3 or r = - = -0.75. So, r 2 = = 4 16 4 4 [. .. byx and bxy are both negative r is negative] = var( X ) var( Y ) 10 6.25 31.36 = 5 7
16. (B)
f x
d = x-M
f d
Required probability = P ( E F )
10
30
11
12
132
12
12
18
216
13
12
156
12
5 44 - 15 15 1 = 5 49 - 15 15 = - 4 50. (B) bxy = = nSxy - ( Sx)( Sy) nSy 2 - ( Sy) 2 25 50 - 125 100 9 = 25 1500 - 100 100 22 Also, x= 125 = 5, 25 y= 100 = 4. 25 Required line is x = x + bxy ( y - y) 9 ( y - 4) 22 x - 9 y = 74. x =5 + 22
14
42
Sf = 48
Sfx = 576
Sfd = 36
F =event that B speaks the truth. 75 3 80 4 Then, P ( E) = = , P( F) = = 100 4 100 5 3 1 4 1 P ( E) = 1 - = , P( F ) = 1 - = 4 4 5 5 24 44 306 4 = ( 306 - 264) = 42 = 2.1 = (164 - 144) 20 (24) 2 164 - 4
Thus M =
576 = 12. 48
Sfd 36 = = 0 .75 n 48
= P (E and F ) + P (E and F)
= P ( E) P ( F ) + P ( E) P ( F )
Sd2 = 7 - 11 + 9 - 11 + 11 - 11 + 13 - 11 + 15 - 11 = 40
( Sxi )( Syi ) 199 - 30 42 Sx i y i 6 n = 43. (B) byx = 2 ( Syi ) 2 42 42 Syi 318 n 6 (199 - 210) -11 = = -0.46. = ( 318 - 294) 24 sy sx and bxy = r sx sy r = bxy byx .
s=
Sd 2 40 = = 8 = 2 2 = 2 1.41 = 2.8. n 5
18. (C) M =
6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 50 = = 10. 5 5
years hence.
Sd2 = 6 - 10 2 + 8 - 10 + 10 - 10 + 12 - 10 + 14 - 10 = 40
5 P ( E) = 12
Sd 40 6= = n 5
2 i.e. if s2 + sx > 2 sx s y y
i.e. if ( s y - sx ) 2 > 0, which is true. 46. (A) r = 1.6 0.4 = .64 = 0.8 byx = r m1 = sy sx sy sx = byx r 5 1 sy 1 , = 2= 2 r sx 0.8 m - m2 tan q = 1 1 + m m 1 2 = 1.6 =2 0.8 m2 = r sy sx = 0.8 2 = 1.6.
= (1 - p) (1 - p)....n times = (1 - p) n
20. (B) p =
1 , 2
q=
1 , 2
n = 8. Required probability
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Page 581
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Engineering Mathematics
(B) = 35 .
SOLUTIONS
x2 = x0 0.4 Since f (2) is negative and f ( 3) is positive, a root lies 0.4228 between 2 and 3. 0.6841 the root lies between 3.7888 and 4. 0.6 1. (B) Let f ( x) = x 3 - 4 x - 9 0.5 ( - 0.5441) = 37888 . 0.3979 + 0.5441
x1 - x0 f ( x0 ) f ( x1 ) - f ( x0 )
x:
(D)
y:
12. For dy dx = xy given that y = 1 at x = 0. Using Euler Then f ( x1 ) = 2.5 3 - 4(2.5) - 9 = - 3.375 (B) 0.4228 (D) 1.4396 to the root is second approximation 1 x2 = ( x1 + 3) = 2.75. 2 Then f ( x2 ) = (2.75) 3 - 4(2.75) - 9 = 0.7969 i.e. positive. i.e. negative\The root lies between x1 and 3. Thus the decimal is 3.789.
x given in question.
Taking x0 = 37888, x1 = 4, we obtain . 0.2112 ( - .009) = 37893 . . x3 = 37888 0.3988 Hence the required root correct to three places of
(A) 1.0611
(B) 2.4680
18. y (0.8) = ?
(C) 1.6321
(D) 2.4189
(A) 1.0293
(C) 0.6065
Statement for Q. 1315. (B) 1.3428 (D) 2.168 The root lies between x1 and x2 . Thus the third 1 approximation to the root is x3 = ( x1 + x2 ) = 2.625. 2 Then negative. approximation to the root is x4 = Hence the root is 2.6875 approximately. 2. (B) Let f ( x) = x 3 - 2 x - 5 So that f (2) = - 1 and f ( 3) = 16 (B) 0.8397 Taking (D) 0.1934 i.e. a root lies between 2 and 3. x0 = 2, x1 = 3, f ( x0 ) = - 1, f ( x1 ) = 16, in the f ( x3) = (2.625) 3 - 4(2.625) - 9 = - 1.4121 i.e.
4. (D) Let f ( x) = xe x - 2, Then f (0) = - 2, and f (1) = e - 2 = 0.7183 So a root of (i ) lies between 0 and 1. It is nearer to 1. Let us take x0 = 1. Also f ( x) = xe x + e x and f (1) = e + e = 5.4366 By Newtons rule, the first approximation x1 is f ( x0 ) 0.7183 =1 = 0.8679 x1 = x0 f ( x0 ) 5.4366 f ( x1 ) = 0.0672, f ( x1 ) = 4.4491.
For dy dx = x + y
given that y = 1 at x = 0.
19. y (10) = ? .
(A) 1.9428
(C) 1.5555
13. y at x = 0.02 is
(A) 1.0468
(B) 1.0204
(C) 1.0346
(D) 1.0348
(A) 1.0316
(B) 1.0301
20. y (0.2) = ?
The root lies between x2 and x3 . Thus the fourth 1 ( x2 + x3) = 2.6875. 2
(C) 1.403
(D) 1.0416
(A) 0.2027
Thus the second approximation x2 is f ( x1 ) 0.0672 = 0.8679 = 0.8528 x2 = x1 f ( x1 ) 4.4491 Hence the required root is 0.853 correct to 3 decimal places. 5. (B) Let y = x + log10 x - 3.375 To obtain a rough estimate of its root, we draw the graph of (i ) with the help of the following table : x y 1 -2.375 2 -1.074 3 0.102 4 1.227
(C) 0.3846
15. y at x = 0.06 is
(A) 1.0348
(B) 1.0539
21. y (0.4) = ?
(C) 1.0638
(D) 1.0796
(A) 0.1649
(C) 0.4227
22. y (0.6) = ?
of y at x = 1 is
(A) 0.9348
method of false position, we get x1 - x0 1 f ( x0 ) = 2 + = 2.0588 x2 = x0 f ( x1 ) - f ( x0 ) 17 Now, f ( x2 ) = f (2.0588) = - 0.3908 i.e., that root lies between 2.0588 and 3. Taking x0 = 2.0588, x1 = 3, f ( x0 )
(C) 0.6841
(A) 3.401638 at
(B) 3.405417
(C) 9.164396
(D) 9.168238
Runge Kutta fourth order method the value of y (B) 2.1635 (D) 2.9468
x = 0.2 is (h = 0.2)
Taking 1 unit along either axis = 0.1, The curve crosses the xaxis at x0 = 2.9, which we take as the initial Repeating this process, the successive approxima- tions are x4 = 2.0862, x5 = 2.0915, x6 = 2.0934, x7 = 2.0941, x8 = 2.0943 etc. Hence the root is 2.094 correct to 3 decimal places. approximation to the root. Now let us apply NewtonRaphson method to
that
(A) 1.2735
x: at
0.2
0.4
0.6
(C) 1.9356
y:
0.02
0.0795
0.1762
Runge Kutta fourth order method the value of y (B) 1.9438 (D) 1.6389
f ( x) = 1 +
x = 0.2 is
(h = 0.2)
f ( x) = x + log10 x - 3.375 1 log10 e x 3. (C) Let f ( x)2 x - log10 x - 7 Taking x0 = 35, x1 = 4, in the method of false position, . we get
Page 583 Page 584
next value of x is
(A) 1.1384
(A) 0.2498
(B) 0.3046
(C) 1.2428
f (2.9) = 1 +
f (2.9) = 2.9 + log10 2.9 - 3.375 = - 0.0126 1 log10 e = 11497 . 2.9 The first approximation x1 to the root is given by
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(C) 0.4648
(D) 0.5114
*********
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Engineering Mathematics
x1 = x0 = 2 + (2 - x) dx =2 + 2x ....(1) yn + 1 = yn + h( xn , yn ) n = 0 in (1) gives y1 = y0 + hf ( x0 , y0 ) Here y1 = 1 + 0.1 f (0, 1) = 1 + 0 = 1 n = 0 in (1) gives y2 = y1 + h f ( x1 , y1 ) = 1 + 0.1 f (0.1 , 1) = 1 + 0.1 (0.1) = 1 + 0.01 Thus y2 = y( 0 .2 ) = 101 . ....(2) n = 2 in (1) gives y3 = y2 + hf ( x2 , y2 ) = 101 + 0.1 f (0.2 , 101) . . . . y3 = y( 0 .3) = 101 + 0.0202 = 10302 n = 3 in (1) gives y4 = y3 + hf ( x3 , y3) = 10302 + 0.1 f (0.3 , 10302) . . = 10302 + 0.03090 . . y4 = y( 0 .4 ) = 10611 Hence y( 0 .4 ) = 10611 . 13. (B) The Eulers modified method gives y1* = y0 + hf ( x0 , y0 ), h y1 = y0 + [ f ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( x1 , y1*)] 2 y0 = 0 Now, here h = 0.02, y0 = 1, x0 = 0 x0 = 0, y0 = 1, h = 0.1
0
f ( x0 ) 0.0126 = 2.9 + = 2.9109 . f ( x0 ) 11497 x2 2 Eulers method gives The second approximation to y is given by
x (1 )
at x = 0,
y = 1,
dy = -1 dx
....(1)
f ( x1 ) = - 0.0001, f ( x1 ) = 11492 . y ( 2 ) = y0 + ) dx
x0 x
d2 y dy =1 -2y dx 2 dx
at x = 0, y = 1,
d2 y =1 + 2 = 3 dx 2
f ( x, y
Hence the desired root, correct to four significant x2 = 2 + (2 + 2 x - x) dx 2 0 =2 + 2x + The third approximation to y is given by
x (2 )
figures, is 2.911
d y d y dy = -2 -2y dx 3 dx 2 dx
at x2 x3 2 6
x = 0, y = 1,
d 3y =-8 dx 3
d4 y = -2 dx 4 y
x0 3 4 4 x 2 2 3 ( 3)
dy d 2 y d 3y 3 dx dx 2 + y dx 3 = y0 + ) dx
xn + 1 = xn -
x 2 - 28 1 28 f ( xn ) = xn - n = xn + xn 2 xn 2 f ( xn )
d4 y at x = 0, y = 1 = 34 dx 4
f ( x, y
6.
Taking x0 = 5.5,
y( x + h) = y( x) + h
dy h d y h d y h d y +K + + + 3 ! dx 3 4 ! dx 4 dx 2 ! dx 2
x2 =
2
x3 =
9. (C) Here f ( x, y) = x + y , x0 = 0
y = y0 +
28 = 5.2915.
x0
f ( x, y) dx f ( x, y ) dx
x x
given x0 = 0,
x1 = x0 + h = 0.1
y (1 ) = y0 +
x0
f ( x, y ) dx
...(2)
x 0
dy = 1 + xy dx x2 = 0 + xdx = 2 0
dy d2 y =x +y dx dx 2
f ( x, y ) dx
=0 +
f ( x, 0) dx
0
. y1* = 1 + 0.02 f (0, 1), y1* = 1 + 0.02 = 102 h Next y1 = y0 + [ f ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( x , y1*)] 2 0.02 [ f (0, 1) + f (0.02, 102)] . =1 + 2 = 1 + 0.01 [1 + 10204 ] = 10202 . . So, . y1 = y (0.02) = 10202
* 14. (D) y2 = y1 + h f ( x1 , y1 )
Where y0 = 0 +
d2 y dy d 3y , =x +2 dx 2 dx dx 3
x
d 3y d2 y d4 y =x +3 dx 3 dx 2 dx 4 y(2 )
x x
f ( x, 0) dx = x dx.
given that
x = 0,
y =1
y ( 2 ) = y0 +
0
dy d2 y d 3y d4 y = 1 ; 2 = 1, = 2, = 3 and so on dx dx dx 3 dx 4
x0
f ( x, y
(1 )
) dx = 0 +
f x,
x3 dx 3
= 10202 + 0.02 [ f (0.02, 10202)] . . = 10202 + 0.0204 . x2 x5 x4 dx = = x + + 4 2 50 0 The third approximation is given by
x
x2 dx = y0 + f ( x, y (1 ) ) dx = 0 + f x, 2 x0 0
y( x + h) = y( x) + h
dy h2 d 2 y h3 d 3 y + + + 3 ! dx 3 dx 2 ! dx 2
x6 = 0 + x2 + 9 0
x3 x7 dx = + 3 63
Next
y2 = y1 +
Now,
y (0.4) =
y (0.1) = 1 + 0.1 1 +
(0.1) (0.1) 2 +K 1 + 3! 2!
f ( x, y) = y - x ; x0 = 0, y0 = 2
f ( x, y
=0 +
x
(2 )
) dx
= 11053 .
y = y0 +
x0
f ( x, y) dx
f x,
0
* 15. (C) y3 = y2 + hf ( x2 , y2 )
given
x0 = 0,
y0 = 1
x1 = x0 + h = 0.1,
0
y (1 ) = y0 +
dy = x - y2 dx
x0
f ( x, y ) dx
=2 +
f ( x, 2) dx
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Next
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UNIT 9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Engineering Mathematics
h k k2 = hf x0 + , y0 + 1 2 2
k4 = hf ( x0 + h, y0 + k3)
k = 0.2027
k=
Here
y1 = y( 0 .2 ) = y0 + k
= .2082
1 1 k2 = hf x1 + h , y1 + k1 2 2
To find y1 = y( 0 .2 ) ,
= 0.2188
1 1 k3 = hf x1 + h , y1 + k2 2 2
k4 = hf ( x1 + h, y1 + k3) = 0.2 f (0.4, .4221) = 0.2356 1 k = [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2082 + 2(.2188) + 2(.2194) + 0.356 ] = 0.2200 6 = 12428 .
k=
k4 = hf ( x0 + h, y0 + k3) = (0.2) f (0.2, 1244) = 0.2888 . 1 [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2 + 2(0.24) + 2(0.244) + 0.2888 ] = 0.2428 6
y1 = y( 0 .2 ) = y0 + k = 1 + 0.2428
= 0.2357
1 1 k2 = hf x2 + h, y2 + k1 2 2
***********
1 1 k3 = hf x2 + h, y2 + k2 2 2
= 0.2 f (0.5, .5520) = 0.2609 1 k4 = [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2357 + 2(.2584) + 2(0.2609) + 0.2935 ] 6 1 = [0.2357 + 0.5168 + 0.5218 + 0.2935 ] = 0.2613 6
x0 = 0
y0 = 1,
h = 0.2
f ( x, y) = x + y 2
To find y1 = y( 0 .2 ) ,
k1 = hf ( x0 , y0 )
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