FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN MASTER PLAN

1. Vision, Mission, Objectives and Principles a. Municipality of Jeddah Strategic Objectives b. JDURC Vision, Mission, Objectives and Principles c. Project Classification (Mega Projects, Unplanned Settlement, Affordable Housing and Infrastructure) d. Project Vision, Mission, Objectives and Principles e. Development Post (projected no. of years) 2. Site and Surrounding Context a. Geographical Location and Site Access b. Site Analysis i. Plot Size and Benchmarking ii. Soil Characteristics, Topography and Seismic Activity iii. Hydrology/Groundwater iv. Geothermal Potentials v. Existing Land Use vi. Existing Rights-Of-Way and Utility Reservations vii. Existing Utilities viii. Existing Streets, Public Transit and Pedestrian Circulation ix. Existing Vegetation x. Archeological/Heritage Sites xi. Wildlife and Ecological Habitat xii. Solar Analysis xiii. Prevailing Wind xiv. Air Quality xv. Noise and Vibration c. Surrounding Neighborhood Land Use and Characteristics d. Climate and Weather i. Temperature/Humidity/Precipitation ii. Wind Directions iii. Sun Path Diagram e. Religion and Culture f. Real Estate Market/Trend 3. Components of Master Plan a. Land Use Components i. Residential Villas Townhouses Apartments ii. Commercial Retail Shops, Malls and Shopping Centers Offices and Business Parks Hotels and Resorts Cinema/Theaters

iii. Community Facilities/Institutional Mosques Club Houses Clinics/Hospital Schools Fire Stations Police Stations Library Gym Sports Facilities Post Office Transit Stations Assembly Areas Government Agencies iv. Industrial Areas Warehouses and Logistics Dry Port Factories v. Recreational Facilities and Open Spaces Safari Equestrian Motor Sports Beach Resorts Mountain Resorts Parks and Playgrounds Greeneries vi. Roads and Public Parking vii. Utilities b. Land Use Data i. Building Type ii. Building Classification iii. Plot Area iv. Plot Dimensions v. No. of Units vi. Net Sellable Area vii. Built-up Area viii. Gross Floor Area ix. Gross Leasable Area x. Floor Area Ratio (FAR) xi. Percentage of Units xii. Parking xiii. Population c. Theme, Concept and Character i. Style (Arabic, Mediterranean, etc.) ii. Concept Reference/Derivation iii. Shape iv. Continuity

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v. Unity vi. Grids and Layout Demographics Studies Master Plan Divisions i. Site Boundary ii. Neighborhood, Community and Sub-Community iii. Block System iv. Plot Division/Parcelization Packaging and Phasing Strategy Approach to Existing Site and Surrounding Neighborhood Condition Analysis Visual Corridor, Axis, Sightlines and Highpoints Massing Strategy Nodes, Circulation and TIS i. Vehicular ii. Transit/Transportation iii. Pedestrian iv. Bicycle v. Traffic Flow for Residents and Visitors vi. Disability Features vii. Parking Area Infrastructure and Utilities i. Road Networks Local Streets and Main Roads Highways and Expressways Tunnels Bridges Interchange Roundabouts Public Parking Disability Features Materials for Surfacing ii. Water Supply Demand Calculation Storage Reservoir Supply (External Authorities) iii. Electricity Demand Calculation Substations District Cooling Generators Supply (External Authorities) iv. Irrigation v. Sewage Sewage Capacity Sewage Treatment Plant Treated Sewage Effluent vi. Storm Water and Drainage

 Water Recycling Recharge of Underground Aquifers Storm Water Detention Basins Rainwater Tanks vii. Telecommunications Mobile Telephone CATV viii. Gas l. Buildings i. Character and Concept ii. Color Schemes iii. Building Height iv. No. of Floors v. Setbacks vi. Building Components vii. Light and Ventilation viii. Fire Exits/Emergency Evacuation Measures ix. Service Areas x. Service Access xi. Building/Plot Percentage xii. Ground Floor/Plot Percentage xiii. Disability Features xiv. Parking xv. Finished Floor Elevation and Natural Land Elevation xvi. Fencing m. Open Space and Landscape Design i. Community Gateway/Entry ii. Parks and Playgrounds Facilities and Amenities Drinking Fountains Garbage Bins Benches and Tables Toilets Sculptures and Artworks Lighting Signage Paving and Groundcovers Trellis, Cottages, Membranes and Shading Structures Bollards Kiosks Bicycle Rack Guard Rails Planters Barbecue Areas Playpens Sports Facilities Water Features

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Phone Booth iii. Buffers and Edge Treatments iv. Landscaping Plan and Schedule Landscaping Schedule o Palms o Trees o Shrubs o Grasses Landscaping Plan o Balance between the hardscapes and softscapes elements o Water feature integration Public Space Design i. Visual Corridors ii. Landmarks iii. Entries iv. Color Schemes v. Paving Patterns vi. Crosswalks vii. Alleys viii. Streetscapes ix. Street Furniture Phone Booths Magazine Stands Kiosks Benches Waiting Sheds Lighting x. Signages Gateway Directional Signage (Streets, Community, etc.) Informational Signage and Advertisement Security i. Gates and Fencing ii. Control Points of the Site iii. Security/Guard Outposts iv. CCTV v. Security Sensors Site Expansion Strategy Waste Management i. Trash Bins ii. Garbage Collection iii. Trash Disposal iv. Incinerators v. Collection Points Sustainability i. Heat Island Reduction Strategies

Selection of appropriate materials and technologies considering regional characteristics, that is effective in lowering the temperature of ground and building surfaces throughout a whole day. The following are the examples: o Cool Roof Technologies (low-sloped 2:12 max. pitch and steeped sloped above 2:12 pitch) Cool roof coatings for low-sloped roof having consistency of thick paint and containing additives to improve adhesion, durability, suppression of algae and fungal grout and ability to self-wash or shed dirt under normal rainfall. Single-Ply Membranes come in pre-fabricated sheet applied in a single layer to a low-sloped roof such as EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), CSPE (chlrorosulfonated polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and TPO (thermoplastic olefins) Steeped-sloped cool roofing such as asphalt shingles, metal roofing, colored tiles and shakes Cool Roof Options: Built-up Roof: with while gravel; with gravel and cementitious coating; smooth surface with white roof coating Single-Ply Membrane: white PVC; color with cool pigments Modified Bitumen: white coating over a mineral surface (SBS, APP) Metal Roof: white painted; color with cool pigments Asphalt Shingle: white (light gray); medium gray or brown with cool pigments Liquid Applied Coating: smooth white; smooth off white; rough white Concrete Tile: white; color with cool pigments Clay Tile: white; terra cotta (unglazed red tile); color with cool pigments Wood Shake: bare o Cool Pavements (reflective and permeable pavements) Conventional asphalt pavements modified with high albedo materials or treated after installation to raise reflectance Conventional concrete pavements using portland cement, water and aggregate Resin based pavements, which use clear tree resin in place of petroleum-based elements to bind an aggregate Colored asphalt and colored concrete

Non-vegetated permeable pavements such as porous asphalt, rubberized asphalt, pervious concrete and brick or block pavers Vegetated permeable pavements such as grass pavers and concrete grid pavers using plastic metal or concrete lattices for support and allow grass or other vegetation to grow Chip seals consisting of aggregate bound in liquid asphalt and are often used to resurface low-volume asphalt roads and sometimes highways Whitetopping is a layer of concrete greater than 4 inches (10 cm) thick, often containing fibers for added strength. Typical applications include resurfacing road segments, intersections, and parking lots. Ultra-thin whitetopping is similar to whitetopping and can be used in the same applications, but Microsurfacing is a thin sealing layer used for road maintenance. Light-colored materials can be used to increase the solar reflectance of asphalt. Researchers recently applied light-colored microsurfacing material that consisted of cement, sand, other fillers, and a liquid blend of emulsified polymer resin, and found the solar reflectance to be comparable to that of new concrete Green roofs Extensive Green Roofs lighter weight such as a 2-inch (5cm) to 6-inch covering of hardy perennials, alpine-like groundcover, and succulents such as sedums grown on roof with slopes of 30 degrees or more (7:12 or greater) Intensive Green Roofs heavier, 6-inch to 15-inch or deeper like a conventional garden, or park, with almost no limit on the type of available plants including large trees and shrubs. These require higher investment and more maintenance Others: Solar Panels Shading structures for open areas (photovoltaic canopies, etc.) Thermal insulating glass Thermal insulated external walls Heat-Resistant finishing materials Reflective External Paints

Consider geometries and layouts of buildings such as the formation of effective shade, airflow and nighttime atmospheric radiation and the establishment of a public system to control buildings which possess a huge mass of thermal capacity. Promote high quality urban greening/vegetation and waterscape.

Urban Forestry such as: Tree protection, Street trees, Parking lot shade and General Landscaping o Tree placement to maximize energy savings such as: Block of winter winds Shade A/C unit Sun shading o Introduce water features o Planting of deciduous species Restrain the anthropogenic heat release from building equipments, transportation, running appliances, industrial facilities and other manmade sources. Utilize natural potential by geographical location through the consideration of circulation of sea and land breeze, the structure of night time cold air currents from hills and mountains, and the wind channeled by rivers and large areas. ii. Green Building Sitting and Structure Design o Proper site selection Locating building areas of existing development where infrastructure already exists Conserving resources by renovating existing buildings to help minimize a projects environmental footprint o Improved grading and natural landscaping practices that can help erosion as well as reduce heat islands o Incorporating transportation solutions along with site plans that acknowledge the need for bicycle parking, carpool staging and proximity to mass transit that can help encourage alternatives to traditional commuting and reduce both energy consumption and waste emissions Energy Efficiency o Increase the efficiency of the building envelope by the use of high-efficiency windows and insulation in walls, ceilings and floors o Passive solar building design Direct solar gain attempts to control the amount of direct solar radiation reaching the living space Indirect solar gain - Heat enters the building through windows and is captured and stored in thermal mass (e.g water tank, masonry wall) and slowly transmitted indirectly to the building through conduction and convection. Efficiency can suffer from slow response (thermal lag) and heat losses at night. Other issues include the cost of insulated glazing and developing effective systems to redistribute heat throughout the living area. Examples are: trombe walls, water walls and roof ponds

Isolated solar gain - involves utilizing solar energy to passively move heat from or to the living space using a fluid, such as water or air by natural convection or forced convection. Examples: Thermosiphon, Barra system, double envelope house, thermal buffer zone, solar space heating system and solar chimney Other Considerations: Special glazing systems and window coverings (e.g. double glazing, spectrally-selective glazing low-e, movable window insulation such as window quilts, bifold interior insulation shutters, shades, etc.) Glass selection Equator facing glass (reflective window coatings and multiple panes of glass reducing useful solar gain; double or triple glazing for direct gain systems to reduce heat loss; single pane glazing for indirect gain and isolated gain configurations) Roof angle glass/skylights Angle of incident radiation Operable shading and insulation devices (manual or motorized interior insulated drapes, shutters, exterior roll-down shade screens, or retractable awnings) Exterior Finishes (materials and colors to reflect or absorb solar thermal energy) Landscaping (Energy-efficient landscaping materials including use of trees, plants, hedges or a trellis, and xeriscaping using plants such as agave, cactus, lavender, juniper, sedum and thyme) Passive Solar Principles Passive solar lighting (placement of window sections such as clerestory window and traditional skylights, reflecting surfaces to admit daylight into the interior such as solar light tube or light shelf, window coverings, insulated glazing and novel materials such as aerogel semi-transparent insulation, optical fiber embedded in walls or roof, or highbred solar lighting) Passive solar water heating (use of a photovoltaic cell which uses energy from the sun to power the pumps) Onsite generation of renewable energy: Solar Power

Wind Power Hydro Power Heat Pumps Biomass

Water Efficiency o Water Conservation in Appliances, Equipment, Machines, Plumbing Fixtures, Fittings and Accessories Dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing Use of ultra-low flush toilets and composting toilets Use of low-flow shower heads Use of saline water or rain water for toilet flush Use of faucet aerators Use of high-efficiency clothes washers Use of weather-based irrigation controllers Use of hose nozzles that shut of water when not being used Use of waterless urinals Use of waterless car washes Infrared or foot-operated faucets, which can save water by using short bursts of water for rinsing in a kitchen or bathroom Pressurized waterbrooms, which can be used instead of a hose to clean sidewalks X-ray film processor re-circulation systems Cooling tower conductivity controllers Water-saving steam sterilizers, for use in hospitals, etc. o Point-of-Use (POU) of water treatment and heating which improves both water quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation. POU includes one or a combination of the following treatment methods: Boiling Ceramic pot filtration Chlorination Cloth Filtration Natural or Chemical Coagulation Sand Filtration Solar Disinfection (SODIS) o Wastewater reuse or recycling systems (Treated wastewater can be reused as drinking water, in industry cooling towers in artificial recharge of aquifers, in agriculture as irrigation and the rehabilitation of natural ecosystems) o Use of non-sewage and grey water for on-site use such as site irrigation Materials Efficiency o Use of recyclable materials and renewable plant materials such as bamboo and straw, lumber from forests certified to be

sustainably managed, ecology blocks, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal, and other products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable (e.g. Trass, Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from paper flakes, compressed earth block, adobe, baked earth, rammed earth, clay, vermiculite, flax linen, sisal, seagrass, cork, expanded clay grains, coconut, wood fibre plates, calcium sand stone, concrete (high and ultra high performance, roman self-healing concrete) , etc. o Use of recycled industrial goods, such as coal combustion products, foundry sand, and demolition debris in construction projects. o Use of polyurethane which heavily reduces carbon emissions as well. Use of polyurethane blocks o Use of building materials which are extracted and manufactured locally. Indoor Environmental Quality Enhancement o Indoor Air Quality reduction of volatile organic compounds or VOCs, such as microbial contaminants, and formaldehyde. o Properly designed HVAC system o Choosing of construction materials and interior finish products with zero or low emissions that will improve IAQ o Integration of natural and artificial light sources Storm Water Management Techniques o Bio-retention Cells - Low Impact Development (LID) o Cisterns - LID o High Density Plastic Grid - LID o High Efficiency Irrigation (Irrigation techniques, timers and moisture sensors) - LID o Permeable Concrete - LID o Permeable Pavers - LID o Runnels - LID o Soil Amendments (trenches, tilling, and adding organic material, fungi worms and top soil) -LID o Sustainable Landscaping (plant species with minimal maintenance an best respond to storm water runoff) LID o High Efficiency Lighting (low voltage and fiber optic lamps with daylight sensors and timers) o Recycled Content Materials (Site furniture is made from recycled metals and plastics. Recycled concrete and aggregates used in construction of pavement bases.) o Water Efficient Fountain (use of re-circulating pump that reuses water and eliminates the need for continuous potable water use)

iii. Waste Management i. Building Materials Meeting the Healthy Standards (environment friendly, non-toxic and locally resourced as much as possible)

ii. Waste Budget During Demotion, Construction and Post Occupancy iii. Recycling Support Facilities Location of Support Facilities for Collecting Recyclable Materials Post Occupancy iv. Staging area for construction waste separation and collection with diversion target Building Placement v. Sustainable Building Materials o Recycled Materials o Lower Volatile Organic Compounds 2. Financial and Business Model a. Budget and Costing b. Development Program c. Master Schedule d. Organizational Chart