Earthquake & Tsunami monitoring system in Korea

Deputy Director Yonggyu RYOO Earthquake Monitoring Division Korea Meteorological Administration

Contents 1. Brief History of KMA 2. Introduce Earthquake Division 3. Earthquake Monitoring System 4. Earthquake Analysis Software

Brief History of KMA

1904 Modern meteorological services began at five weather stations (Mokpo, Busan, Incheon, Yongampo, Wonsan) 1949 Central Meteorological Office (CMO) was established 1956 Korea joined World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 1982 CMO was renamed as Korea Meteorological Service (KMS) 1990 KMS was elevated to Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) 1996 Earthquake Division is newly established 1999 The supercomputer was installed 2005 Administrator of KMA was elevated to the top managers in the central government 2008 Re-organized the structure of Korea Meteorological ReAdministration under Ministry of Environment

Vision and Mission

Vision

World Best 365 !!

Services throughout the year

, Accurate, Mission To realize In-time, Accurate, and Valuable Meteorological

To enhance the prevention capacity for mitigation of weather and climate disasters To enhance the utilization of meteorological information for the better quality of life To create highly value-added weather information to lead the sustainable development To strengthen the capacity for international cooperation and the understanding on weather related issues To supply advanced meteorological services to strengthen the leap for future

Organization
Administrator
Spokesperson

Deputy Administrator

Direct General for Planning & Coordination

Forecast Bureau 10 divisions

Meteorological Technology & System Bureau

Climate Bureau 5 divisions

Meteorological Industry & Information Technology Bureau

4 divisions
General Services Division

7 divisions

5 divisions

Director General for NWP

Director General for Earthquake

National Institute of Meteorological Research

Regional Meteorological Administration (5)

Korea Aviation Meteorological Agency

Offices Number of staff members

Headquarters (Seoul) 389

Regional Offices 700

Aviation Office 122

METRI 70

Total 1,281

Meteorological Services
Observations Satellite Program (COMS) Information & Communication Weather Forecast Digital Forecast Climate Monitoring International Cooperation

Brief History of Earthquake Service

1905 Earthquake observation began 1944~1962 Suspension of observation 1963 World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network was installed in Seoul 1978 Analog seismic network was constructed 1996 1999 2005 2006 2007 2008

Earthquake division was newly established

Digital seismic network was constructed 7th ICG/ITSU meeting is held Earthquake division was divided into two parts - Earthquake Planning / Earthquake Detection Division Ocean Bottom Seismometer was installed Earthquake division was elevated into Bureau level - Director General for Earthquake was appointed Current Status - one director-general, two divisions, one laboratory - Seismic stations: 48, Accelerometer stations: 109

Seismological Network

Strong Motion Network

Seismological Network in Korea

KIGAM
(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)

Broadband: 9
Short Period: 15

Borehole:

KEPRI
(Korea Electric Power Research Institutes)

Short Period: 13

KINS
(Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety)

Broadband:

Earthquake monitoring system

Seismic Network

KMA Headquarters(Seoul)
Seismic Analysis System

Earthquake Occurrence

Webserver (http://www.kma.go.kr)

Electronic Mail Server

National Earthquake Information System

Workgroup Switch

KMA Backbone Network

Main Switch

WEB SERVER (SUN Blade 1000)

INFORM SERVER (Compaq Proliant ML350)

INFORM SERVER (Compaq Proliant ML350)

Laser Color Printer (HP LaserJet CP4005)

SUN Fire 4800 1ea SUN Fire 25K 2ea Console System (SUN Blade 100)

National Earthquake Center

Info & Com. Center

One-Stop Notification System

Domestic Earth.
Signal detection

Media:
Operator
Origin time Epicenter Magnitude Earth. Info. Tsunami Info.

(One-Stop)

PC COMM. Broad casting MULTI FAX SMS E-mail

Analysis

Information

Confirm

Home page portal site

Foreign Earth. /Tsunami

Information

Notification

Earthquake Broadcasting System

TV subtitle

MULTI-ADDRESS FAX

Combined FAX SERVER Meteorology Information

Homepage

Earthquake Broadcasting System

SMS

Portal service

System (coMIS)
MISS DP

INTERNET

Met. Warning

KBS

E-MAIL

FAX(MAGIC)

PC COMM.

Tsunami warning system in EBS

Constructed based on the Tsunami Scenario Database Database

Tsunami arrivals and expected height along east coast of Korea can be searched and sent to notification window

Tsunami warning system in EBS

Tsunami Scenario DB
Earth. Info. (NEIS) Database Search Tsunami ?

yes
Earth. Info. (Manual) Expected Tsunami arrival & Height

Tsunami database

Extraction points Tsunami arrivals Tsunami heights Tsunami waveform

Tsunami Information From JMA & PTWC through GTS

Notification

Tsunami Damage
1993 July 12 (M=7.8) - Casualty : None - Ship Damage : 35 1983 May 26 (M=7.7) - Death : 1 Missing : 2 - Ship Damage : 81

Damage of Tsunami(Imwon port)

Tsunami at Imwon Port

Damage by Akita tsunami at Imwon port (1983. 5. 26 Akita, Japan earthquake)

Tsunami at Samcheok Port

Before

After

Pictures at Samcheok Port before and after 1993 tsunami arrival

Tsunami Monitoring system

Sea Level Monitoring System

Tsunami Propagation Map

Ulleung Island

Seismicity of Korea Peninsula

Intra-plate boundary : Sporadic No specific pattern No correlation to tectonics

Epicentral map of 1978~2008.

Occurrence Trend
Earthquake Occurrence Trend of 1978~2008.

Earthquake in historical documents

, 15- (A.D. 779) 3

(Private Houses collapsed. More than 100 people died.)

Earthquake Monitoring System

Top 10 Earthquake in Korea

2009. 1.

No.

M
5.3 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7

Origin Time
N 1980. 1. 8 2004. 5.29 1978. 9.16 2003. 3.30 1978.10. 7 2003. 3.23 1994. 7.26 2007. 1.20 1981. 4.15 1982. 3. 1 08:44:13.3 19:14:24.0 02:07:05.8 20:10:52.8 18:19:52.2 05:38:41.0 02:41:46.3 20:56:53.0 11:47:00.0 00:28:02.1 40.2 36.8 36.6 37.8 36.6 35.0 34.9 37.68 35.9 37.2 E 125.0 130.2 127.9 123.7 126.7 124.6 124.1

Epicenter
Location -- 80km 80km 50km 100km - 65km 45km

1 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10

128.59 130.1 129.8

Odaesan Earthquake
Origin Time : 07.1.20 20:57 Magnitude : 4.8 Epicenter : Gangwon-Do Pyeongchang-gun (37.68N, 128.59E) Intensity
- : Pyeongchang, Gangneung - : Inje, Hongchun, Jongsun, Donghae - : Chulwon, Chungju, Andong - : other city

After shock
No. 1 2 3 4 Origin Time 1. 20. 21:08:53 1. 20. 21:20:56 1. 20. 21:28:53 1. 21. 07:36:02 Epicenter
Gangwon Pyeongchang

N 37.69 37.69 37.69 37.69

E 128.60 128.60 128.61 128.56

ML 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.1

Intensity

Detection monitoring system

Ocean Bottom Seismometer

Schematic Diagram of OBS

Optical Fiber installed Region

Inland location : South of Ulleung Island Total Construction Length : 25km(Sea : 20km, Land : 5km)

Ocean Bottom Seismometer

N

S
GPS

Regional Observatio n station

5km land Cable Optical Cable

Power

Power ( including UPS ) Power transfer( AC/DC ) Data Processing Unit GPS Modem Transfer System
Cathode
modem

2km

Anode

OBU
Grappling fixture

17km Single Armered Cable(Deep sea) 3km Double Armered Cable(shallow sea)

Diagram of OBS
Fiber Optic Modem
Micro Computer for Data Handling

24bit Digitizer
2 x 3 seism. channels + 1 channel for pressure data

Short period

Seismometer

PowerSupply Management

Pressuresensor

Power

DC/DC converter

Seismometer

barometer

Digitizer

Seismometer

Specification of OBS
Housing (Titanium)
SM-6 fulltilt Geophone (SEND Gmph & STI)
seismometer 3 times one component geophone Natural frequency : 4.5Hz, Sensitivity : 35V/m/s Size : 25.4x36 mm, 81g

8000 series (Paroscientific)

pressure Absolute pressure 1mm resolution samples : 0.5sec

Geolon MCS model (SEND Gmph)

A/D converter

2x4channel Input signal : DC to 1.64KHz 24bit, 130db dynamic range Sampling : 50Hz ~ 4000Hz Gain : 1,2,4,8,16(2% accuracy) GPS : time 1sec

Installation of OBS

Sensor in Korea
Velocity broad
STS-2 Episensor

Borehole

Strong Motion

Short broad broad Strong motion Strong motion

SS-1
CMG-40T-1

FBA-23

CMG-5T

CMG3TB

ES-DH

Acquisition system in Korea

Quanterra System

Q4120 GURALP

Q730

Q330 KINEMETRICS

CMG-24

K-2

Diagram of Remote station

tel.line arrester GPS Modem Modem HUB Router Recorder Q4128E16 Accelerometer DSU Lease line TCP/IP Battrey Notebook PC Seismometer

DC

12V

Battery Charger tel.line arrester 220V LanCard OR Modem UPS Surge AC

telephon

Broadband station (DaeGu) in KMA

Short-period station (Jinju) in KMA

Strong motion station (Mukung) in KMA

Seismological Network
190.1.35.1

190.1.35.100

195.1.3.1 195.1.3.2

190.1.130.1 190.1.130.130 190.1.154.1 190.1.154.130 190.1.152.1

190.1.152.130

190.1.153.130

195.1.14.1 195.1.14.2

190.1.131.100

195.1.2.1 195.1.2.2

Channel Naming on SEED

Sensor H : BB, >80 sps Broadband E : SP, > 80 sps Short-period L : LP, 1 sps Long-period Samples Direction

H : BB, high Z : Vertical (up:+) gain 80-100sps L : SP, Low gain N : N-S (north:+) G: Accelerometer E : E-W (west:+)

Flowchart of Antelope software

Processing of Antelope software

Monitoring the status of process

Waveform Display

Event Map

Event picking