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October 2000
NO IS A T DUC PRO
LE BSO
TE
Features
Complete PWM Power Control Circuitry Separate Outputs for Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation Line and Load Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2% (Typ) Internal Reference Supply with 1% (Max) Oscillator and Reference Voltage Variation Over Full Temperature Range Standby Current of Less Than 10mA Frequency of Operation Beyond 100kHz Variable-Output Dead Time of 0.5s to 5s Low VCE(sat) Over the Temperature Range
Applications
Positive and Negative Regulated Supplies Dual-Output Regulators Flyback Converters DC-DC Transformer-Coupled Regulating Converters Single-Ended DC-DC Converters Variable Power Supplies
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER CA1524E CA1524F CA2524E CA2524F CA3524E CA3524F TEMPERATURE RANGE -55oC -55oC 0oC 0oC 0oC 0oC to to to to to to +125oC +125oC +70oC +70oC +70oC +70oC PACKAGE 16 Lead Plastic DIP 16 Lead CerDIP 16 Lead Plastic DIP 16 Lead CerDIP 16 Lead Plastic DIP 16 Lead CerDIP
Pinout
CA1524, CA3524 (PDIP, CERDIP) TOP VIEW
INV. INPUT NONINV. INPUT OSC OUT (+) C.L. SENSE (-) C.L. SENSE RT CT GND 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 VREF V+ EMITTER B COLLECTOR B COLLECTOR A EMITTER A SHUTDOWN COMPENSATION AND COMPARATOR
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Copyright Intersil Corporation 2000
File Number
1239.4
15 V+
+ SENSE
GND
Test Circuit
8 - 40V ls V+ 15 13 OUT B 2k 1W 2k 1W 12 OUT A
CA1524
3 16 11 14
10
2k
2k
10 k
0.1F
RT
CT
10k 1k 2k
Thermal Information
Thermal Resistance JA Plastic DIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100oC/W Device Dissipation Up to TA = +25oC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25W Above TA = +25oC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Derate Linearly at 10mW/oC Operating Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55oC to +125oC Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65oC to +150oC Lead Temperature (During Soldering) At distance 1/16 in. (1.59mm 0.79mm) from case for 10s Max . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +265oC
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specication is not implied.
Electrical Specications
TA = -550C to +125oC for CA1524, 0oC to +70oC for the CA2524 and CA3524; V+ = 20V and f = 20kHz, Unless Otherwise Stated. CA1524, CA2524 CA3524 MIN TYP MAX UNITS
PARAMETER REFERENCE SECTION Output Voltage Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Short Circuit Current Limit Temperature Stability Long Term Stability OSCILLATOR SECTION Maximum Frequency Initial Accuracy Voltage Stability Temperature Stability Output Amplitude Output Pulse Width (Pin 3) Ramp Voltage Low (Note 1) Ramp Voltage High (Note 1) Capacitor Charging Current Range Timing Resistance Range Charging Capacitor Range Dead Time Expansion Capacitor on Pin 3 (when a small osc. cap is used) ERROR AMPLIFIER SECTION Input Offset Voltage Input Bias Current Open Loop Voltage Gain Common Mode Voltage Common Mode Rejection Ratio Small Signal Bandwidth TA = TA =
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
5 10 20 66 100 0.3 20
5.2 20 50 1 -
4.6 -
5 10 20 66 100 0.3 20
5.4 30 50 1 -
V mV mV db mA % mV/khr
25oC
kHz % % % V s V V mA k F pF
Over Operating Temperature Range Terminal 3, TA = 25oC CT = 0.01F, TA = Pin 7 Pin 7 Pin 7 (5-2 VBE)/RT Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 3 25oC
72
0.5 1 80 70 3
5 10 3.4 -
60 1.8 -
2 1 80 70 3
10 10 3.4 -
mV A dB V dB MHz
1.8 -
AV = 0dB, TA =
-1 -
0.2 300
+1 -
-1 -
0.2 300
+1 -
mV/oC V Hz
where t = OSC period in microseconds t RTCT with CT in microfarads and RT in ohms. t Output frequency at each output transistor is half OSC frequency when each output is used separately and is equal to the OSC frequency when each output is connected in parallel.
2. Excluding oscillator charging current, error and current limit dividers, and with outputs open.
D2
RB 4.8K
D E
Q5
6 RT
Q44 Q49 Q50 R44 1.8K Q51 Q46 Q45 R39 1K R41 24K R40 560 R42 19.8K Q52 R45 25K Q53 Q54
Q61
NON-INV. INPUT J
7 CT
Q62
K L
A OUTPUT A B Q33
OUTPUT B
COLL. A
12 Q34
R33 200
Q35
Q40
13
COLL. B
CB 1pF
D3 RE 500
RF 500
Q37
Q38
C R21 43.3K D E R23 8.7K Q26 Q27 F G H I R52 1.96K R54 1.96K COMPARATOR R27 5K R24 5K NOR NOR R30 43.3K
R25 5K
R28 8.7K
COMP 10 9
Q65
Q67
Q68 J R49 1K Q64 Q63 R51 10K CURRENT LIMIT SECTION Q66 Q72 C3 45pF Q68 R53 1.8K
Q70 Q71
R50 10K K L 5
Q73
V+ = 40V, IL = 0mA V+ = 20V, IL = 0mA V+ = 40V, IL = 20mA V+ = 8V, IL = 0mA V+ = 20V, IL = 20mA
5.00
4.98
V+ = 8V, IL = 20mA
4.96
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
V+ = 8V - 40V 10
1.0
0.1 0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
FIGURE 4. TYPICAL OUTPUT STAGE DEAD TIME AS A FUNCTION OF TIMING CAPACITOR VALUE
If a small value of CT must be used, the pulse width can be further expanded by the addition of a shunt capacitor in the order of 100pF but no greater than 1000pF, from terminal 3 to ground. When the oscillator output pulse is used as a sync input to an oscilloscope, the cable and input capacitances may increase the pulse width slightly. A 2-K resistor at terminal 3 will usually provide sufcient decoupling of the cable. The upper limit of the pulse width is determined by the maximum duty cycle acceptable. The oscillator period is determined by RT and CT, with an approximate value of t = RTCT, where RT is in ohms, CT is in F, and t is in s. Excess lead lengths, which produce stray capacitances, should be avoided in connecting RT and CT to their respective terminals. Figure 5 provides curves for selecting these values for a wide range of oscillator periods. For series regulator applications, the two outputs can be connected in parallel for an effective 0-90% duty cycle with the output stage frequency the same as the oscillator frequency. Since the outputs are separate, push-pull and yback applications are possible. The ip-op divides the frequency such that the duty cycle of each output is 0-45% and the overall frequency is half that of the oscillator. Curves
The output amplier terminal is also used to compensate the system for ac stability. The frequency response and phase shift curves are shown in Figure 7. The uncompensated amplier has a single pole at approximately 250Hz and a unity gain cross-over at 3MHz. Since most output lter designs introduce one or more additional poles at a lower frequency, the best network to stabilize the system is a series RC combination at terminal9 to ground. This network should be designed to introduce a zero to cancel out one of the output lter poles. A good starting point to determine the external poles is a 1000-pF capacitor and a variable series 50-K potentiometer from terminal 9 to ground. The compensation point is also a convenient place to insert any programming signal to override the error amplier. internal shutdown and current limiting are also connected at terminal 9. Any external circuit that can sink 200A can pull this point to ground and shut off both output drivers. While feedback is normally applied around the entire regulator, the error amplier can be used with conventional operational amplier feedback and will be stable in either the inverting or non-inverting mode. Input common-mode limits must be observed; if not, output signal inversion may result. The internal 5V reference can be used for conventional regulator applications if divided as shown in Figure 8. If the error amplier is connected as a unity gain amplier, a xed duty cycle application results.
TA = +25oC V+ = 20V OUTPUT DUTY CYCLE (%) 48 40 32 24 16 8 0 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4 COMPARATOR VOLTAGE (V) CT = 2700pF RT = 6.19k fOSC = 60kHz
TIMING RESISTANCE, RT ()
Error AmplIfIer Section The error amplier consists of a differential pair (Q56,Q57) with an active load (Q61 and Q62) forming a differential transconductance amplier. Since Q61 is driven by a constant current source, Q62, the output impedance ROUT, terminal 9, is very high ( 5M). The gain is: AV = gmR = 8 lC R/2KT = 104,
ROUT RL
where R =
ROUT + RL
, RL = , AV 104
Since ROUT is extremely high, the gain can be easily reduced from a nominal 104 (80dB) by the addition of an external shunt resistor from terminal 9 to ground as shown in Figure 6.
80 70 RL = 3M VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 60 50 40 0o RL = 1M RL = 300k RL =100k RL =
FIGURE 7. TYPICAL DUTY CYCLE AS A FUNCTION OF COMPARATOR VOLTAGE (AT TERMINAL 9).
1.1
OPEN LOOP GAIN PHASE ANGLE (DEGREES) 90o OPEN LOOP PHASE 50
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC)
10
102
104
105
+ -
R1R2 = 2.5KW R1 + R2
VT
V+ CANNOT EXCEED 6V
Device Application Suggestions For higher currents, the circuit of Figure 10 may be used with an external p-n-p transistor and bias resistor. The internal regulator may be bypassed for operation from a xed 5V supply by connecting both terminals 15 and 16 to the input voltage, which must not exceed 6V.
Q1 IL TO IA DEPENDING ON CHOICE FOR Q1 16 VREF + 10F 8 GND 8 5K 9
NOTE: V+ Should Be in the 5V Range And Must Not Exceed 6V FIGURE 12. CIRCUIT TO ALLOW EXTERNAL BYPASS OF THE REFERENCE REGULATION
To provide an expansion of the dead time without loading the oscillator, the circuit of Figure 13 may be used.
16
100 V+ 15
FIGURE 13. CIRCUIT FOR EXPANSION OF DEAD TIME, WITHOUT USING A CAPACITOR ON PIN 3 OR WHEN A LOW VALUE OSCILLATOR CAPACITOR IS USED
TABLE 1. INPUT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE, AND FEEDBACK RESISTOR VALUES FOR IL = 40mA (FOR CAPACITOR-DIODE OUTPUT CIRCUIT IN FIGURE 18)
VOR2 VTH + R1 + R2 WHERE
R2
IMAX = I RS
RS
R2 (K) 6 10 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45
V+ (Min.) (V) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
5 + SENSE 4
ISC =
VTH RS
VTH = 200mV
FIGURE 14. FOLDBACK CURRENT-LIMITING CIRCUIT USED TO REDUCE POWER DISSIPATION UNDER SHORTED OUTPUT CONDITIONS
D1 V+ SA SB +VO V+ > VO
D1 V+ SA SB V+ < VO +VO
D1 V+ SA SB | V+ | > | VO | -VO
-20
V+
VO
NOTE: Diode D1 Is Necessary To Prevent Reverse Emitter-Base Breakdown of Transistor Switch SA. FIGURE 15. CAPACITOR-DIODE COUPLED VOLTAGE MULTIPLIER OUTPUT STAGES
SA
SA-B FLYBACK VO V+
SA/SB V+ +VO
V+ SA/SB
V+
-VO | V+ | < | VO |
+ -
VO
FIGURE 16. SINGLE-ENDED INDUCTOR CIRCUITS WHERE THE TWO OUTPUTS OF THE 1524 ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL
FULL BRIDGE
10
V+ +15V R2 15K 5K 1 5K 0.1F 2K 6 1 7 1 0.01F 3 1 10 1 8 1 2 1 R1 5K 16 1 12 1 IN4001 11 1 CA3524 13 1 14 1 4 1 5 1 9 1 0.01F IN4001 50F R1 = 5K R2 = R1 ( | VO | + 2.5) (VREF - 2.5) 20F IN4001 -5V 20mA 6 1
V+ +28V R2 5K 5K 5K 3K 6 1 7 1 0.02F 3 1 10 1 8 1 R1 5K 1 2 1 16 1 CA3524 0.9mH 15 1 12 1 11 1 2K 13 1 14 1 4 1 5 1 9 1 0.001F 50K 0.1 RURD410 2N6388 Q1 500F +5V IA
0.1F
V-
11
V+ +5V + 100F 25K 5K 2 1 5K 16 1 2K 6 1 7 1 0.02F 3 1 10 1 8 1 CA3524 13 1 14 1 4 1 5 1 9 1 + 0.001F 4.7F 2N2102 620 IN914 510 11 1 5K 1 15 1 300 12 1 1M 200 20T 0.1F
RURD620 +15V 50T 50T 50F -15V RURD620 2N6290 CORE: FEROX CUBE 2213P - A250 - 387 OR EQUIVALENT
50F
V+ +28V 5K 5K 5K 0.1F 5K 2K 6 1 0.01F 7 1 3 1 10 1 8 1 4 1 2N6292 5 1 9 1 0.001F 20K 0.1F + 100F RURD620 14 1 1 2 1 16 1 15 1 1K 1W 12 1 11 1 13 1 1K 20T 5T 1K 20T 5T + 1500F 5V 5A 1K 1W
2N6292
RURD620 1mH
12
2K
TO PIN 9
1.1K
1.1K
R2 10K
1 2 3
16 15 14 V+ = 9V
OUTPUT 1A 1.5K
1/ 2S1 1/ 2S2
2K
4 5 6
CA3524
13 12 11 10 9
OUTPUT 2A 1.5K
1/ 2S1
R1 50K 0.1F
7 8
SILVER MICA
TO PIN 1
SWITCH S1 S2
OUTPUT PULSES 0V - 5V -
The Variable Switcher The circuit diagram of the CA1524, used as a variable output voltage power supply is shown in Figure 23. By connecting the two output transistors in parallel, the duty cycle is doubled, i.e., 0% - 90%. As the reference voltage level is varied, the feedback voltage will track that level and cause the output voltage to change according to the change in reference voltage.
D1 AC IN D2
D3 36 VDC
2N6385 (PNP DARLINGTON) Q1 R2 1.5 10W 0.01F L1 20mH D5 RURD410 C3 10000F 100V C4 0.1F L2 50mH
D4 5100F 100V
R1 1K 1W
NON-POLAR
D1-D4 - A15A
RETURN BIFILAR WINDING C6 25F NON-POLAR C7 0.1F R3 10K R6 2K 1 R7 10K R9 15K 1% R8 2K C8 0.1F C9 3300 pF 1% 2 3
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9 R10 16K
CA1524
4 5 6 7 8
R4 5K
R5 2K
VOLTAGE CONTROL
fOSC = 20KHz
13
PL1 OSCILLATOR 20KHz (PART OF CA1524) S PL2 AC AMP CA3130 PEAK TO PEAK DETECTOR LOW PASS FILTER
DC VOLTAGE
+5V
ZERO ADJUSTMENT
50K 8
POWER 2N2907 OR EQUIVALENT MSD NSD LSD COMMONANODE LED DISPLAYS (NOTE 1)
A B C 5 3 4 CA3162E DIGIT DRIVERS 11 HIGH INPUTS: LOW 10 13 GAIN ADJUSTMENT 10K 7 16 15 1 2 6 2 1 7 8 3 CA3161E 13 12 11 10 9 15 14
BCD OUTPUTS
14
S PL2
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
CA1524
4.7K
4.7K 4.7K
6.2K
DIMENSIONS AND PAD LAYOUT FOR CA3524RH CHIP NOTE: Dimensions in parentheses are in millimeters and are derived from the basic inch dimensions as indicated. Grid graduations are in mils (10-3 inch). The layout represents a chip when it is part of the wafer. When the wafer is cut into chips, the cleavage angles are 57o instead of 90o with respect to the face of the chip. Therefore, the isolated chip is actually 7 mils (0.17mm) larger in both dimensions.
15
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Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries. For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see web site http://www.intersil.com
File Number 16
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