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GIFT OF
R. L. Linscott
JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE and THOMAS DAY SEYMOUR, CHARLES BURTON GUUCK, Associate Editor
Editors
THE ATTICA OF
PAUSANIAS
EDITED BY
MITCHELL CARKOLL,
Ph.D.
John Williams White, Thomas Day Seymoir, and Charles Burton Gulick
ALL rights reserved
PROU.S.A.
boston
/i
'
TO
THE MEMORY
OF
2007
witin
funding from
IVIicrosoft
Corporation
littp://www.arcliive.org/details/atticaofpausaniaOOpausiala
PA
A3I hf P7
PREFACE
The
text adopted in this
volume
is
of the series in
which
it
appears.
careful revision of
the Schubart text and critical apparatus (which had not been corrected for forty years) in the light of
new
As
studies
and discoveries
differs
up
to 1896.
The
1903)
from
is pri-
marily archaeological in
its
avoided,
is
in these matters.
commentary and
umes.
monumental work
of Frazer (Pausanias's
London, 1898).
their
work that
may
summary
of the literature
on the
and
to select
what
is
essential to
of students.
On
account of the
size
and cost
of these
the most
one which
in the
way
of
407*^61
vi
PREFACE
commentary the results of modern scholarship concerning Athenian and Attic topography. Owing to the nature of the subject-matter, the commentary is mainly archaeological, but grammatical and stylistic peculiarities have not been neglected. The more important
topics, wliicli could
The Select Bibliography in the Appendix presents the more important titles under appropriate
heads.
Up
and
universities,
much
The increasing
however,
of it being due, in
America, to
This knowledge
and
hoped that
this
in the intellectual
and
artistic aspects of
Greek
life.
him
to the
reproduced
to Professor D'Ooge,
many
pertinent observations
editorial
and,
above
all,
to Professor Gulick,
whose
work.
Mitchell Carroll
The George Washington University
CONTENTS
Introductiox Pausanias thk Pkkieoktk
Scope and Character of Pausanias 's
Page
1
Work
Work
.
4
5 7 8 12
of the Periegesis
Style of Pausanias
.... ....
.
.....
27
Appendix A. Manuscripts
B. Editions
210
217
C. Translations
218
218 210
228 235
242
Excursuses -
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. 7. 8.
9.
10. 11.
12.
The The The The The The The The The The The
Harbors and Fortifications of (jr eater Athens Agora of Athens Enneacrunus and its Neighborliood
Theseum
01ymi)ieum Theatre of Dionysus
Acropolis
.
252
25(5
259
205
.
Propylaea
270
274
Temple
of
Athena Nike
.
Parthenon
275 280
280
Table of Abbreviations
Index
....
290
292
INTRODUCTION
PAUSANIAS THE PERIEGETE
Aldus ISfanutivis 1. Scape and c/iaracfer of Pausanias's work. begins his preface to the editio princeps of Pausaiiias's Deacripthm
of Greece^ which appeared in 1516, by characterizing it as an " opas antiquae raraeque eniditlonis thesauros co7itmens." And invahiable
it is
because of
its
subject-matter, since
it
reveals to us
numerous
details, not
only concerning " the city of the violet crown," but also
sites of ancient Greece,
when
its
monuments
older time.
still
The IIcpiT/yTyo-is Trj<: 'EXAaSos has come down to us in ten books. The work is a detailed account of the sites ordinarily visited and the objects ordinarily seen by the traveler in making an extensive tour of Greece. As the writer is sui)})osed to be coming from over the Aegean Sea to the Greek mainland, his account begins with
Sunium, the promontory of Attica.
liook I
is
Thence he
i)roceeds to Athens,
From
way
of Megaris (also
(described in
Book I) and the Isthmus to Corinth and the Argolid Book II). His Peloponnesian tour follows much the
same route which travelers of our day usually take, embracing Laconia (Book III), Messenia (Book IV), Elis (Books V, VI), Achaea (Book VII) and Arcadia (Book VIII). Then follows a second tour to the principal cities of Central Greece, starting from Athens in the same manner as modern travelers would journey. Here the wi-iter's chief attention is absorlxid ))y Thebes in Boeotia (P)Ook IX) and by I)el})hi in the district of Phocis (Book X). The regions of ^Vestern and Northern Greece, which had played no ])rominent i)art in the art and civilization of Hellas, Pausanias leaves out of consideration.
1
THP:
ATTICA OF PAUSANIAS
The territory chiefly described gives its name to the various books. Thus the first book has the title 'Attikoi and includes Megaris the second the title KopLvOiaKa, and embraces, in addition to Corinth, the third AaKwvLKa, the Argos, Mycenae, Tiryns, and Ei)idaurus fourth M^a-a-rjviaKd, the fifth and sixth (which describe Olympia) 'KXwLKd, the seventh 'AxaUd, the eighth 'Ap/caStKa. The description of Central Greece is contained in the ninth book called BotwrtKa, and in the tenth, the <E>(OKtKa, which is devoted almost exclusively to
; ;
Topographical directions are not always exact yet, by mentioning in order the names of denies, of places, and of monuDelphi.
;
much
light on the
Date of the
Periegesi^.
Antonines.
His date
is
fixed
As
this well-
known event
in
174 a.d.
21, 15
day
and
1, 5,
5 and
The
mentioned by him as occurring in his time (10, 34, 5) is the incursion of the Costobocs into Greece, which took place probably between
166 and 180
a.d.^
Every discussion about the date of the separate books, especially of the Attica, must take as its starting-point 174 a.d., just mentioned as the only fixed date and the date of I)Ook V. Pausanias (7, 20, 6) tells us that Book I was finished before Herodes Atticus built the
Odeum
to
at Athens, erected in
who
appears
A.r>.
built not
Book
19, 6, the
INTRODUCTION
before 143 a.d. or a
limits
little earlier. Book I has, therefore, as its 143-100 a.d. There are numerous indications that the Attira was written and published l^efore the rest of the work. For instance, we have the writer's statement (7, 20, G) that the Odeum is not mentioned in his work on Attica, because his description of Athens was finished l)efore Herodes began to build. Further, in 8, 5, 1 he corrects a
I (c. 41, 2)
third argument
is
Compare, for
Battle of Marathon.^
Gallic invasion in
if
the
later
by the fuller narrative in 10, 19, 5 ft"., as had proved inadequate. There also occur remarks in the books which seem to have been occasioned by current criticisms
1, 3, 5ff.
first
4-8
9, 30,
9, 24, 3.
We must, accordingly, presuppose an interval of a few years lietween the publication of Book I and that of later books. Book II was probably written after 1G5 a.d., as the statement is made that the temple of Asclepius at Smyrna had already been founded (2,
26, 9), w^hich according to other testimony
was
still
unfinished in
165 A.D.
parts of his work shows that the books were written in the order in which they stand.^ AVe have already a fixed date for Book V, 174 a.d. Hence Books II-IV must date lietween 165 and 174 a.d. Book A' II I, which refers to the German victories of Marcus Aurelius (8, 43, 6), must have teen written after 166, when the war broke out, and may have been written in or after 176, when the emjieror celebrated his
triumph.
was
21, 3
2, 30, 2,
and
3, 15, 7,
with
1,
22, 4
6, 20,
14 with
2
24, 3
10, 21, 5
;
with
;
1, 3, 2.
;
Thus
e.g. 2, 19, 8
21, 4
23,
32, 3
First
Introduction, xvii n.
VI-X may
Description of Greece, therefore, extended over a period of not less than fourteen years (160-174 a.d.) and probably occupied a much
longer period.
3.
Though the work itself is so and work. voluminous, our knowledge of the author is limited almost to his mere name. The book gives us his date, and some insight into his
Pausanias,
Jiis life
and pursuits in
for example,
Se Kat
life
we
An
occa-
some intimation.
If
we
inquire,
whence he came, he gives us a hint in 5, 13, 7, IIcAoTros Trap' rjfuv cvoiKr^Tcws (TrifJi.ua en koI es Tohc XtiireTai ktX., where it is suggested that his native land was the territory about Moi;nt Sipylus in Lydia, and mention is made in what follows of natural features and monuments pertaining to this region. This statement is strengthened by many passages in which he recurs to the scenery and legends of Lydia.^ We conclude, therefore, that he was a Lydian by birth but whether he was a native of Magnesia, the important city at the northern foot of JVIount Sipylus, or of Thyatira, or of some less known town, is not to be ascertained. Late Greek writers mention two other authors of the same name,
TavTaXov t^s
;
with
whom
our Pausanias
is
(Vit.
who was
is concerned, we might readily identify him with the author of the Description of Greece. But the sophist came from Caesarea in Cappadocia, not from Lydia, and Suidas men-
Aspasius.
tions Prohlematci
by him, and a book on syntax, but no Feriegesis. of our author with his crabbed style occu-
Hence the
identity of
altogether improbable.
who
wrote,
among
who
;
is
mentioned
2, 22,
-S
;
as o o-oc^toraros xpovoypa^to'i.
(5,
The
Cf.
1,
21, 3
24, 8
5, 18, 7
22,
7,
24, 13
8, 2, 7
17, 3.
IXTRODUCTIOX
historian
was born at Antioch in Syria, not in Lydia. Steplianus of Byzantium cites the works of the two men, the KriVis 'Avrio;(ctas and the Uepi.rjyr}(Ti<:, under the simple name Pausanias, but this proves nothing more than that in the fifth century the two writers of this name were not readily distingviished. We must therefore rest content with the knowledge tliat our author lived and traveled in the second century, and was born near Mount Sipylus in Asia Minor. 4. Aim and viethod of the Ferlegeshi. That Pausanias has given to the world a work of unique value is manifest to any one who notes its contents. We have here a book rich in antiquarian, mythological, historical, and artistic lore, and the very nature of the subject-matter arouses the question what was the author's aim in preparing his work. The answer is nowhere clearly given by him. He begins his book without a preface he concludes without an ej)ilogue. Probably his Avork was left unfinished and no opportunity was given to revise it; probably, while it served its purpose, the author felt there was no need of explanatory remarks. Hence the answer to our question is largely a matter of inference but we can, at any rate, gather from utterances here and there what Avas the aiithor's general purpose, and how his method develo])ed as his grasp
Thus, he tells us in 1, 2G, 4 tliat it is his purpose to describe the whole of Greece, as he had the Acropolis, Act Se /xe a<f)iKeardaL tov \6yov irpocrw, vavTa
6)u.otws
tol-
rrjv ifxrjv
ttTro
A$r}vatOL<;
yvwpt/u.wTaTa ^v Iv re Adyots
naX
airiKpLvt Sc
twv
avyypa-
avrJKovTa.
defi-
nitely
p.ri
(.3,
11, 1)
TO.
TrdvTa pt e<^e^^9, ra Sc
avTwv
oip)(rj<:
ipoi yap ii
Xdyos
ctTro
d<f>rjyTJ(rf.(D<;,
a eKuaroL irupd
Xeyoucriv,
drroKpivai
ra d^LoXoytaraTa.
w? ovv cv fiefSovXevpcio^
See also
2, 13,
6, 1,
10, 32,
1.
these passages and from a study of the contents of the work becomes clear that "Pausanias intended to describe all the most notable objects and to narrate all the most memorable traditions
it
which he found existing or current in the Greece of his own time." ^ This was a vast undertaking, especially so in the case of Attica, the first country he undertook to describe. Here he was bewildered by an embarrassment of riches before he had definitely decided on a method of treating the data he had at hand. Hence the author's method is not so clearly defined in the first as in the later books. Beginning with Book II, he regularly prefaces his account of every important city with a historical sketch and follows strictly tlie
topographical order of description.
there
is
ical order is in
not
fol-
lowed in his treatment of the rest of Attica. At times tlie course of description is confused, as when he interrupts his account of the Attic
denies to describe the mountains of Attica
(cf. 1,
32, 1
and
1,
35, 1
ff.).
number
Athens than he does in any other important centre of monuments in Athens are shorter than those in the remaining books. Contrast, for example, his description of Athens with that of Olympia, the former embracing only thirty chapters of one book, or seventy Teubner pages, while to the latter is devoted the larger part of two books, being forty chapters or one hundred and ten Teubner pages. Temples and statues in the whole of Athens, however, were far more nmnerous and imposing
in
than in Olympia.
The explanation
is,
had not altogether arrived at a definite plan. The topographical method already adopted in the description of Athens reveals the author's purpose in preparing the work. Thus, he begins by describing the harbors of Athens, and the objects of interest on the roads leading from the harbors to the city. He next enters the principal gate and proceeds by a broad avenue to the Agora, which he treats in great detail. Thence he traverses the
1
Frazer,
I,
Introduction, xxiii.
INTRODUCTION
territory east of the Acropolis,
known
A
him
He
Let us compare this description with the description of Athens in I^aedeker's Greece. The" writer of this work gives first
the city.
a historical sketch of the city.
tions
;
:
He
then describes
it
in several sec-
From the Koyal Palace round the south side of the Acroi> olis The Acropolis e, From the Palace through the Town to the Theseum the Hill of the Nymphs, Pnyx, and Museum </, Modern Quarters of the Town e, Walks near Athens. Similarity of treatment shows that we have in Pausanias the prototype of Baedeker and Murray. The second century was an age of travel, like our own, and many needed systematic direction to help them on the way. The public-house system of the country was poor, but private hospitality, as in the earlier days, made some
a,
I),
Accordingly, the description of inns and other acconnnotlawhich Dionysus in the Frogs feels to te such a desideratum and which our Murray or Baedeker oifers in great detail, is wanting but in other respects the likeness lietween the ancient and the modern cicerone holds. Book I was meant primarily to be a guide-book for the Greek visitor to Athens and Attica, just as the whole volume was a guide-book for the generally frequented parts of Hellas,
amends.
tions
art, like
To
his
volume with mythical, antiquarian, and historical lore, and he doubtless felt that his work would be serviceable to the historian as well as the traveler. Yet his main purpose was, without doubt, to
provide a guide-book for visitors to the historic sites of Greece.
5.
Style of Pausanias.
is
The
book
before us
antiquarian
lore, who set out on his travels with the purpose of "doing" Greece and of giving others the benefit of his reading and
observation, and who kept at it with heroic persistence. He permitted no curious legend to escape him, and gathered information from every
source.
He
and Herodotus, and laboriously sought to But he falls hopelessly short of the vigorous expression of the former, and the sweetness and lucidity of the latter. There is a sense of strain about his style. As Frazer so well puts it, "The sentences are devoid of rhythm and harmony. They do not march, but hobble and shamble and shuffle along. At the end of one of them the reader is not let down easily by a graceful cadence, a dying fall he is tripped up suddenly and left sprawling, till he can pull himself together, take breath, and grapple with
especially Thucydides
cultivate a good style.
;
the next."
may perhaps
countryman Hegesias of Magnesia, a leader of the Asian school of rhetoric. Hegesias aimed at variety of phrase, which often avoided monotony at the cost of simplicity and clearness, and led him into a jerky yet mincing style. Pausanias's indirect mode of statement often leads him in like manner to ambiguity,
the chief defect of his style.
Pausanias's vse of jireiHous writers. It is not essential to our fully into the discussion of Pausanias's trustwoi'purpose to enter
6.
and his use of previous writers, as Frazer has treated the subject most exhaustively and liappily and has sjitisfactorily met all the more serious criticdsms.
thiness
Scaliger characterized Pausanias as being " omniuvi Graecvlorum
mendachsimum."
XIII, 482
ff.).
Frazer,
I,
Introduction, Ixix.
The reader
by
close study
"
De Pausaniae
Stilo
IXTRODUCTION
Berlin 1886),
who argued
very
little in
the manuals of earlier writers and had added only a few hasty jottings of his
own
Kalkmann and Wilamowitz, Polemon of Ilium, who lived in the second century b.c. Tlie charges of Kalkmann, which were a severe impeachment of Pausahis chief source, according to in
ability, were sucby W. Gurlitt (Ueher Pausan'unt, Graz 1890) and R, Heberdey (Die Reisen des Pausanias, Wien 1894).^ Kalkmann himself substantially retracts his earlier views by admitting that Pausanias saw with his own eyes all the objects that especially
He found
nias's
cessfully refuted
interested
12).
Polemon.
work,
is
that Herodotus
is
that,
notwithstanding there
(6, 19, 5)
He
also refers to
numerous other
historians,
and
10, 8, 1)
and by Clitodemus
He
also
He
whom
he barely alludes to
ff.,
Weil.
IJerl.
Philol.
ff.
ff.,
and Wachsmuth
in
Pauly-Wissowa, Suppl.
I,
200
10
Yet lie affirms that he saw personally and to have seen certain things implies that he saw others. There are descriptions which Pansanias may have taken from books, bnt there is no description extant so like in form and snbstance to what Pansanias has written that one can say he copied from it. Frazer considers in detail a nnmber of passages and never mentions by name.
certain things he describes
;
which, others have thought, bear traces of having been derived either
Avholly or in part
observation,
as to
from written documents rather than from jjcrsonal and concludes that in none are the indications so clear amount to a proof of borrowing.
whom
known through extant fragments. Of Polemon we have more than one hundred fragments. These Frazer takes up one by one and draws a minute comparison with Pansanias. He concdndes
writings are
that not one fragment supports the theory that Pansanias copied
from Polemon, nor do they justify us even in supposing that he was acquainted with the writings of his learned predecessor. Even more true is this of his relation to the other antiquarians. Another theory of Kalkmann's that obtained some vogue was that our author did not describe Greece as it was in his own time, but as it was a century or two earlier, when his alleged sources were composed. This theory is more susceptible of verification, namely by proving that certain things Pansanias speaks of as existing had ceased to exist before his time. Kalkmann, for example, thus attacks the description of the Piraeus. It had been burnt in 8(3 n.c. and was in a
ruined condition
account of
in re})ly,
its
shows what great changes were possible in two hundred and how the Piraeus had regained prosperity under beneficent Roman emperors. He also gives numerous jn-oofs, from existing monuments and otherwise, that Pansanias described Greece as it was in his own age. AVe may say, then, that at present a conservatively just view has
years,
INTRODUCTION
s})int,
11
He
is
somewhat
and tlic and inquisitive traveler who ramand carefully noted what to him a j)pearetl
i)ropensity for the archaic
that his
He
did not neglect his predecessors and got together historical and
He
Herodotus,
tion.
loc^al
priests
As a result, he has handed down to modern times a readable and instructive description of travel, that })resents a fairly coherent picture of ancient Athens, and a work indispensable to the traveler and investigator.
TOPOGRAPHICAL OUTLINE
I.
3).
II.
Suniuin.
Laurium.
Isle of Patroclus. 1 2-3. h. Piraeus.
Tomb
of Themistocles.
of
Shrine of Aphrodite.
1 4.
('.
Munychia.
Temple
d.
of Munycliian Artemis,
Phalerum.
Shrine of Demeter.
Sciras.
Unknown.
Altar of Phalerus.
Altar of Androgeos.
1 5.
e.
1.
f.
g.
Cape Colias. Image of Coliad Aphrodite, Images of Genetyllides. Road from Phalerum to Athens. Temple and Image of Hera. Tombs of Antiope and Molpadia Koad from the Piraeus to Athens.
within the
city.
Long Walls.
12
INTRODUCTION
II.
13
3).
its
Neighborhood
(2
18
4.
to the Market-Place.
Bronze statues
2
5.
(Trpo avrwv).
h.
3
3
1.
images of Athena Paeoiiia, Zeus, and others. Chamber with clay images {fjura Sc to tov Aioi/ixrovi Tf'/Aevos). The Market-Place from Royal Colonnade to Enneacrunus. Royal Colonnade (irpwrrj iv Se^ia).
Dedication of Eubulides
:
2.
Statues
(TrXifTLov)
Stoa
oTTia-Oiv (P^leutherius).
Euphranor's painting.
Temple
vaw).
>.
Metroum
Image by Phidias.
Buleuterium of the 500
(TrXrjaLov).
Demus
of Lyson.
Thesmothetae of Protogenes.
Callippus of Olbiades.
4.
Tholus
1.
Statues of
Eponymi
(avwripu)).
tc3v cttcdvv/xwv)
including
Demosthenes.
14
8 4-5.
tov ^rj/xocrOivov;
tlK6vo<; TrXi/crt'ov).
'Two images
Image Image Image
of of
of Aphrodite.
Ares by Alcameues.
of J]nyo
voppw
Si)-
9 1-3. 9
4.
(/xera
8e
tous
AlyvTTTiovs}-
9 5-10.
11
1.
Digression on Lysimachus.
Statue of Pyrrhus.
Digression on Pyrrhus.
11-13.
14
1.
iaeXdovatv
P>nneacrunus
14 1-4.
(ttAj^o-iov) .
Image
TTpO
of Triptolemus.
bull.
TOV
Bronze
VaOl) TOVO(.
Epimenides.
14 14
5.
6.
Temple Temple
Hephaestus
(vTrep tov
Kepap-UKov kol
(ttoclv
ySao-t' Aeiov)
14
7.
Temple
of Aphrodite
Urania
(TrXrjacov).
15 1-4.
Painted Colonnade.
Trpos Trjv
aToav
r}v
HoikiAt^i/ ovopA-
Market gate
Solon
(irpo
Statues
-!
16 1-3.
Digression on Seleucus.
INTRODUCTIOX
17
1.
15
An
Altar of
ayopa ktX-).
17
2. (Jyniiuisiuin of
Ptolemy (t^s
Stone Ilerniae.
Statue of Chrysippus.
Shrine of Theseus
(Trpos 8k
tw
yvfjivacTtw)
i Fight
18
1.
of Centaurs
and Lapithae.
3.
Prytaneum
(irX-rjcrLov)
77ie Cif>/
of Ifadrhti (18
419
G).
Trj<;
18
ra koltm
TrdAeojs).
(oii iroppoi).
Temple
of Ilithyia (TrXrpiov)
of
7repL(3oXo<i
Olympian Zeus.
A
A
7.
by each
of the colonies.
An
Tlie
tomb
:
of Deucalion.
19
1.
Other buildings of Hadrian in Athens. Statue of Apollo Pythius (/xera 8c t6v vaov tov Aios rov Another sanctuary of Apollo Delphinius.
Digression
^OXvfjLTriov).
16
2.
Lyceum.
Monument
5.
Rivers of Athens.
Ilissus.
Eridanus.
6.
a.
The
TToScs).
2.
3.
b.
Temples of gods, one supporting Satyr of Praxiteles. Satyr and Eros of Thymilus (cv tw vaiS tw ttXtjo-lov)Oldest sanctuary of Dionysus, containing two temples (tt/dos tw
dcOLTpii))
the other
made by Alcamenes.
/cat
Odeum
tov ^ca-
Tpov KaTaaKtvaafixi).
20
-1-7.
Digression
d.
21 1-2.
3.
The Theatre
(ctti
TO OtaTpov
f.
g.
Cave (Monument
of Thrasyllus) (tv
.
.
tov OcaTpov).
Tomb
of Calos (Iovtwv
4-9.
h.
i.
Sanctuary of Asclepius.
22 1-2.
Temple
of
Themis
(Mcto.
Tomb
INTRODUCTION
3.
j.
17
images.
k.
/.
28
3).
(cs 3c
22
4.
a.
fc.
Entrance to Acropolis
Tqv aKpoTroXiv
itrTiv
laoSos
/jlui).
The
Propylaea.
Figures of horsemen.
5.
c.
Temple
of
Nike Apteros.
oIkjjpxl t^'"'
Ilerouni of Aegeus.
67. d. Picture Gallery (cv apicmpa twv irpoirvXaLwv
ypac^as).
Rape
of Palladium
by Diomedes.
(?)
23 1-7.
/.
Between Propylaea and sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia. Bronze statue of Leaena. Image of Aphrodite, by Calamis. Bronze statue of Diitrephes. Image of Ilygieia. Image of Athena Ilygieia.
Stone of Silenus.
h.
Image of Artemis Brauronia, by Praxiteles. Between sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia and eastern end
Parthenon.
of
Bronze copy of
niio
Wooden
lttttov)-
Horse.
(^Ta
Tov
18
24 1-2.
of Zeus.
24
3.
i.
Ergane, containing a
crTrovSai'oiv
24 3-4.
by Cleoetas. Conon and Timotheus. Procne and Itys, an offering of Alcamenes. Athena and Poseidon. Image of Zeus, by Leochares. Image of Zeus Polieus.
statue
Statues of
24 5-7.
J.
of
Athena and
/xovov).
rrjv tao8ov).
24
8.
k.
(tt^os
tw
Tt)(a
tw
Bronze Apollo Parnopius, by Phidias (tov vaov Statues of Pericles and Xanthippus (on opposite
.
irepav).
sides, ere-
pdiOi).
Statue of Anacreon.
Statues of lo and Callisto, by Dinomenes.
25 1-2. 25 2
(tt/sos
tw
26
TW
VOTtO)).
:
3.
Digression
Olympiodorus.
26
i.
m.
ukovo^
'OXvfj.moBwpov').
26
5.
n.
The Erechtheum
(oiKrjfia
'Y,pi^6aov KaXovfievov)
.
t^s icroSov).
of
He-
phaestus (icrtXOowTL).
INTRODUCTION
Paintings of the Butadae (eVi twv
6.
rorj^wi/).
19
The The
o.
old
Athena image.
hinip of Calliniachus.
27
1.
Athena Polias Temple (iv tw va<Z t^s IloAiaSos). A wooden Hermes, offering of Cecrops. A chariot, the work of Daedalus.
temple of Pandrosus
(to)
va^
rrys
'AOrjva^
awex^s).
2).
Yr.
27
4.
5.
6.
Between the Erechtheum and the Propylaea (27 1 Small figure of Lysimache (Trpos tw vaw ti^s Statues of Erechtheus and Eumolpus. Statues of Tolmides and his prophet. Old images of Athena injured by fire.
.
28
'AOrjva^).
7.
representation of a boar-hunt.
28
1.
2.
Bronze image of Athena, from tlie spoils at Marathon. Bronze chariot, from the spoils of Boeotians and Chalcidians.
Statue of Pericles. Statue of Athena Lemnia.
28
3.
s.
29
1).
28
4.
a.
The Clepsydra
(caTa/3a(Ti
ovk
i<;
oaov
(^TrXrjcrtov).
r.
Cave of Pan.
o.
d.
The Areopagus.
Altar of Athena Areia.
6.
Sanctuary of Semnae
7.
(TrXrja-tov)
Monument
Digression
:
of Oedipus.
28 8-11.
29
1.
courts.
trX-rjcriov).
20
VII.
to
30 4)
(e^w
29
2.
Sanctuaries of gods.
Precinct of Artemis, with wooden images of Ariste and
Kalliste.
A
3.
6.
The
Tombs.
Thrasybuliis.
Pericles, Chabrias, Phorniio.
4-14.
15.
fell
in battle.
Lycurgus.
c.
30
1.
The Academy.
Altar of Eros (jrpo
Trj<;
iaoBov
Trj<;
s ^AKa8r]fiLav).
2.
'AKa8r;/u,i'a).
'AKaBrjfJiia)-
Hermes
('Ev ^AKaBrj/xia).
Tomb
Tower
d.
4.
of
Timon.
Colonus Hippius.
Altar of Poseidon Hippius and Athena Hippia.
VIII. The
31
1. a.
Demes of Attica
Halimus.
(31
33).
At Zoster on the
b.
sea,
an
altar of
Athena.
c.
Anagyrus.
Sanctuary of the Mother of the Gods.
INTRODUCTION
e.
21
Cephale.
The
31
2.
Dioscuri.
/. Prasiae.
Temple
31
;5.
of Apollo.
Monument
(J.
of Erisichthon.
Lamptrae.
Monument
//.
of Cranaus.
Potamoi.
Tomb
31
4.
/.
Phlya.
Altars of
Aj;ollo,
and Ge.
In another temple, altars of Demeter, Zeus. Athena, Kore,
Myrrhinus.
Wooden image
31 31
5.
I:.
of Colaenis.
Athmonia.
Sanctuary of Artemis.
0.
/.
Acharnae.
Sanctuaries of Apollo Agyieus and Heracles.
32 3-7.
7n.
Marathon.
Tumulus Tumulus
Trophy
Marsh.
of Athenians.
of Plataeans
and
slaves.
Monument
of Miltiades.
of white stone.
Fountain Macaria.
Mountain
33
1.
of Pan.
n.
Brauron.
33 2-8.
o.
Rhamnus.
Sanctuary of Nemesis, with image nuide by
I'hidias.
IX. Oroi'us
34
1.
(34).
a.
h.
2-0.
Fountain of Amphiaraus.
22
36
2).
a.
Mountains.
Pentelicus, with image of Atliena.
liyniettiis,
Apollo.
35
36
Parnes, with bronze image and altars Anchesmus, with image of Zeus.
-2.
h.
Islands.
Patroclus.
Ilelene.
and of Cychreus.
Psyttalia, with
wooden images
to
of Pan.
Way from
Monument
Athens
Meusls (36 3
38
7).
of Anthemocritus.
Tomb
37
1-7.
of Molottus. of Cephisodorns.
Monument
Grave of Themistocles, son of Poliarchus. Graves of family of Acestius. Temenos of the hero Lacius and the deme Laoiadae.
jNIonnment of Nicocles, the lyre-player.
Altar of Zephyrns.
Tomb
Monnment
Theodorus
(^Trplv
8iu/3r;vai
tuv Ki^^utov).
Statues of Mnesimache.
Sc ror Kyjcfyiaov).
Monument Monument
of a Uhodian.
to Pythionice
by
Ilarjialus.
Heroum
of Zarex.
INTRODUCTION
XTI. Elrusis and
its
23
38 0-7.
a.
Eleusis
Artemis Propylaea.
of Poseidon Pater.
Altar of Triptolemus.
Road from Eleusis to Eleutherae. Temple and image of Dionysus. Cave of Antiope.
Walls of Eleutherae.
39 1-3.
c.
Road from
Eleusis to ]VIegara.
Well, called
Anthium
Sanctuary of Metanira.
Monument
of Alope.
Palaestra of Cercyon.
XIII.
39 4-0. 40 1.
2-3.
Megam
(39 4
44).
Fountain of Theagenes
An
Kprjvrj^
ov iroppoi).
Roman
emi)erors.
(Jods.
Temple
Ilygieia.
41
1.
rrys
d/</307roXews
kutiovctiv
OXv/xTricibv)
Rhous.
Monument
of Ilyllus (ttXt/ctiov)
24
41
3.
3-6. Digression
7.
Who
of
Pandion
of Hippolyte (ttXyjctlov)
iroppw).
8-9.
42
1.
named
'AXKaOov to
of
ovofjua.
t^ovaa).
(c? avrrjv
.
.
Monument
iv Se^itt).
Megareus
rrjv
aKpovoXiv aviovaLV
ia-Ttas eyyw?).
Buleuterium.
Temple
of
Athena
aKpoTroAews).
42
5.
6.
Monument
7.
of Callipolis (/cartowi
. . .
tvT(.vdev).
ttjv es
to irpvTavtxov o86v)-
43
1.
2.
Hpuramaj).
The rock
3.
Anacletlira
(Tr\r]<riov)
The Heroum
of Alcathou.';.
first
Tomb Tomb
5.
of Pyrgo, his
wife.
The Sanctuary
Atovixr60v)
of Dionysus.
(irapa.
. . .
t^v
(.crc^ov ttjv es
to
43
6.
wooden image of Dionysus. Satyr by Praxiteles. Image of Dionysus, dedicated by Euchenor. Temple of Aphrodite (Mera tov Aiovwov to Ivory image of Aphrodite, surnamed Praxis.
A
A
Upov).
INTRODUCTION
Peitho and Paregoros, works of Praxiteles.
Eros, Iliiueros, and Pothos of Scopas.
25
Sanctuary of
'J'yche (ttAi^o-iov)
Image, by Praxiteles.
Temple
43 7-8.
44
1.
adjacent, containing
( 'E/c
tt/?
uyopa? Kariovcn
rr/s
Image of Apollo. Images of Artemis, Latona, and others, the Latona and her children by Praxiteles. The Old Gymnasium (^rrXrja-iov irvXCtv KaXovfxiviov Ni'/xe^uSwv).
Stone of Apollo Carinus.
44
3.
The Port
called Nisaea.
44 4-5.
The Acropolis of Nisaea. The tomb of Lelex, beside the sea. The Island of Minoa. The mountainous district of Alegara.
Pagae.
Rock shot
at
by the Medes.
Ileroum of Aegialeus.
Aegosthena.
Sanctuary of Melampus.
SnuiU figure of a
Erenea.
num on
a stele.
to Corinth.
among
others, of Telephanes.
Tomb
of Car.
(i-Trl
tov upov<;
Tij d/cpu).
Tomb
of Eurystheus.
ATTIKA
Ch.l
1
T179 yjTTeipov
Trjf;
ra? Kv/cXa8a9
yrj<;
Trj<;
aKpa %ovulop
Trj<;
irpoKeiTai
T TTapairXevcravTL ttjv
eVt Kopv(f)fj
a/cpa?.
^
e?
1.
TO
Trpocrct)
ttotc
Kdy)vaioi<;
Thelslmul Sun(um-;-Lauriuin MunyThe Piraeus Phalenun. chia Cape Sunium, the 2. aKpa Sovviov southeast promontory of Attica, is a rugged headland of crystalline rock, rising two hundi'ed feet above the sea. Tlie earliest mention of Sunium is in Od.7, 278, where it is said that the pilot of Menelaus was struck down by Apollo's shafts as the ship was passing the sacred headland of Sunium. The woods mentioned by Soph. Aj. 1217 ff. as covering the promontory have disof Patrodus
two on the northern are still standing. The stylobate measures 102 x 44 feet.
The date, according to Dr. Diirpfeld, is somewhat later than the so-called
Theseum.
This temple has been usutemple of Athena.
ally identified as the
But Poseidon also was worshiped at Sunium (Xovvidpare, Ar. Eq. 5(50, cf. Av. 808) and an inscription found in the temple a few years ago, containing a psephisma-to be set up in the
;
appeared.
wall
(of.
The ancient
8, 4),
fortification
Time.
with a circuit of
still
may
:
be traced.
ite
3.
irapair\ev<ravT,
dative of ref-
XIX
(1890),
\i.i-
5.
Aavpiov
hills of
dp-yvpow
raXXa the
tically the
Cf.
iv
2,
Thuc.
5e|i$
1,
24
'EiriSafivSi
i<rTt
7r6Xts
iairXiovTi.
1,
rhv 'Uviov
1,
KiXirov.
;
drawn
96
Hdt.
3, 4.
2,
51
;
181
4,
1
G,
33
Xen.
8,
Anab.
etc.
22
<>,
Cyr.
20
upon
from Thoricus to Anaphlystus, a district extending about eleven miles north and south and five miles east and west. The exact period in which the art of
nu'iiing was introduced into Attica is unknown. Xen. de Vect. 4, 2 implies
with
six
columns to front
27
28
ov jxeydXy]
HarpoKKov
-^dpaKa
Tei^o<i
yap
TLfxcopelp
10 (TTeikev
ore
cr(^icnv
'AuTiyoi^o<;
6 ArjfxyjTpLov
(TTpaTta re auro?
(tIp djjLa
icr/Be/BXrjKO)!;
koI vav-
CK 6aXd(Tcrr]<; Kareipyev.
Srjixo<;
^
'O 8e ITetpatev?
irplv
la
fxev rjv
Ik irakaiov, vpoTepov Se
'^p-
ddXaaaa tovto
Xr)pop
17
SefXL(rTOKXrj<;
4>a-
Se
ravTTi
MtVw
at his
StVa?
tt^?
'AvSpoyeco TeXevrrj^.
Chremonidean
;
time
tlie
productive
Cf. 1, 7, 3
3, 6, 4.
I,
than formerly (Mem. 3, G, 12). In Strabo's time they were almost exhausted
(9, p.
G27.
Pi-
kt\.
the
in in
and Diodorus (5, 37) says that his day great sums were expended mining here, but without adequate
399),
extending seaward from the Attic mainland two and one third miles from
northeast to southwest, composed of
return.
tions
Pausanias speaks as
if
opera-
had ceased entirely in the second century. More than two thousand
of the ancient shafts
two masses each about one and onefourth miles wide united by a low and narrow isthmus. The soutliwest mass,
known
is
187
feet in height
the hill of
Very
. .
little silver
:
remains.
G. vfj-
IlaTpoKXov
now known
as Gaidaronisi or Ass's
Island.
Munychia. In 493-492 jt.c. Themistocles began the fortification of Piraeus about 448 the Long Walls were completed in 440 the seaport town was laid out on a uniform plan by Ilippoda;
by Patroclus, occupies
;
mus
of Miletus
in 404 the
Lacedae-
p.
name of
under Conon
in
86 Sulla razed
the
fortifications,
wliich
were never
THE riUAElS
Ch.
1,
29
TrXeovcnv eVtrr^Seto-
xot? re
yap
tovto (T(f>L(TLP eTrtveiov eivai avd* kvos ^X^^^ ^^^ ^aXrjpol Kai v.oi<; koli e? epe ^crav oIkol /cat TTpo<; KaTecTKevdcraTO
Kai Xt^eVa?
TpL<s
Tft>
peyicTTO) Xipevi
Td(f>o<s
SeptaTOKkeov^;.
<f>acrl
yap perape
/cat
wg
ol irpocnJKou-
Mayin^crta? d^'eXovr9
<^aiv6vTai
JlapdevMva
dea<5 Se
di'a0evT<;, iu
fj
^epicTTOKXrj^
icm yeypap'A0'r]vd<;
pevos.
/cat
d^iov ro)v eV
Ilet/Datet
pdXLCTTa
to,
iaTL
e^et
Atos repeuos
dydXpara,
rebuilt.
22.
vtws
66 says
tal-
had been conveyed to Attic soil. <j>a<rC note change of construction and esperelatives maintained that his bones
cially
and were sold by the Thirty for three talents. Dem. 22, 76 cites them along with the Propylaea and the Parthenon.
Advers. Crit.
expressions
704.
On
inf.
this frequent
with
ws or
(6)
oTt
-I-
opt., as e.g. 1, 2, 3;
tion of the
dockyards
with
inf.
and following
or
(c)
also
From 347 n.o. to 322 Athenians engaged in rebuilding docks and shipsheds (C.I. A. II, 270), and erected an arsenal, largely through the efforts of Lycurgus. Considerable remains of the ancient shipsheds are still to be seen in the harbors of Zea and Munychia. 23. Td<|>os 0-
20, 3,
,
is first inf.
28.
'AOrivas
|ii(rTOK\^o\)s
cf.
Plut.
Them.
32,
who
his
mentioned in other ancient writSeeS.Q. CXI, 78. It is likely that the two deities were worshiped in common and that there were two statues with one sacred precinct. Cf. Lye. c.
ers.
from
Leocr. 17 t6
roO aicrijpos
work
Ilepi fimjixdTwv.
Traditioo places
the shore of the
light-
This was
tomb on
Thuc. 1, 138 says there was a monument of Themistocles in the agora of Magnesia, but that his
30()).
The
site
has not
20. d-ydXbeen definitely determined. fiara the two bronze statues of Athena
:
30
30 Se 6 jJLv (TKTJTTTpov
Kol
NiKiqi',
Tj
8e
'
A6y]i>a Sopv.
evTavda
Keoiadevrjv, 6?
'
kol avdi'i
e^o)
AdpLau
TLKpv
35
Trjs
Oltt)^,
vratSa?
eypaxpev 'Ap/cecrtXao?.
irepa
/cat
yap
rois
T17?
8e eVl 6akd(T(T7]<i
/cat Ai^/u,?,
Aeco^dpov^; epyov.
crossed
Eetionia.
shallow
bight
over
to
It is
CXVII,
55).
mart or emporium.
:
36.
d-yopd
as-
this
signed
is
is
394-391 B.C.;
accepted, the
the latter
of Ilippodamus,
name
work must be
Wachsmuth. 35. ttjs o-rods ttjs |iaKpds: the Long Colonnade was probably one of the
five
muster in (Andoc. 1, 45). The road from Athens led into this square, and another wide avenue led from it up to the shrine of Artemis on Munychia
to
mentioned Schol.
(Xen. Hell.
2, 4, lift'.).
harbor of Cantharus were " the docks, then the sanctuary of Aphrodite, then five colonnades round about the har-
The site was probably the ground to the east of the great harbor, where is located the modern
22).
bor"
p.
(S.Q. CXII).
An
inscription of
Karaiskaki Square.
architect
Named
after the
it
Roman
170,
date quoted
'</>.
'Apx- 1884,
who
con-
order.
tical
90
38.
for other
works
and as immediately adjoining the promontory of Eetionia. If so, it stood on the north
Leochares
(c.
MUXYCniA
Ch.
1,
31
'At^poStri^? lepov.,
7rpo9 8e Trj
40 TpLijpL<;
daXdaarf Kopoju
(oKoS6fjir)cri>
iv
TTj
KapLKfj ^eppovrjCTO).
yap
TLfxaxxLv 'A(^/3o8jr
TTji^
ecmv
dp^aLOTOTOv
iqv
Ao)pLTiho<;, /xera 8e to
'AKpaia?, vearraTov 8e
KuLoiav
45
*E<jTt 8e Kat
Kttt
aXXog
'
Moui/u^ta
Xifxr^v 4
Movi^u^tag ^'aos
'A/3Te)u(,8o9,
puoi,
6 8e
eVt ^aXi^pw,
H^tj p.iqT po<^
Kadd
lepov.
Kat
Trpo<;
avTW
the au-
surname
of Athena, Hera,
s.v.
'
and
Artemis (Hesych.
in that she grants
AKpia); V.lirXoia,
prosperous voyages to
The
personification of
mariners.
the
art.
surname
45. 6
Athens a statue of Demus by Lyson (1, 3, o), and a painting of Demus by Euphranor (1,
3, 3).
)jiVirl
Movvvx't?'
^i'K''n^
on the
cursus
|iiSos
:
I.
4(5.
the temple
hill
top of the
but
its
exact
Other
can.
cities likewi.se
in art, as e.g.
39.
),
'A<j>po8(TTis Up<Sv
the tem-
bor goddess.
22.
On
Conon
302
to
ff.,
Pausanias
fails
lay
and the colonnades (cf. Schol. Ar. Pac. 145). 'I'hi.s would place it to the southeast of the harbor, most probably on the promontory where the custom-
Greek theatres on the peninsula of Piraeus, one on the western slope of the hill of Munychia, about half way up the hill the other to the west of
;
Another .shrine of Aphrodite, dedicated by Themistocles, was probably situated at the northern
house
stands.
now
The former is the mentioned Thuc. 8, 93, and Xen. Hell. 2, 4, 32. 1; Ly.s. 13, 32 The latter was built during the second
;
II,
984).
It
was
Aphrodite
is
called
Aw-
orchestra,
and auditorium
FurtwJingler in Koscher,
398) 'AKpaia
47.
A^|iT]Tpos
32
Ato? dncoTepco,
^aXrjpov
KdX^of?.
ecm
Se
icrriv einpie\e<;
rd ey^iopia
crac^ecrre-
pov dWoiv
55
aKpa
KwXta?
Myjhwp Ka-
TrfveyKC-v 6 kXvScov
Upov
:
rd vavdyua.
uaoi ijul-
this shrine
is
one of the
mentioned (10, 35, 2) as burnt by the Persians and left in ruins for all lime by the Greeks as perpetual memorials of their hatred of the barbarians. See Lye. c. Leocr. 81 and
KavToi,
known
Gods
Gods.
lon. 6, 3, 5)
speaks of altars of
Unknown
W.
320ff.
48.
2Kipd8os'A0T)vasva6s: this
Lucian makes one of his characters swear by the Unknown God at Athens (Philop. 9). Diog. Laert. 1, 10, 110, gives an explanation of the presence of such altars at Athens. Cf. Rendel Harris, "The Cretans Always
at Athens.
Liars,"
P(i>|iol
.
T)pwwv
probably of Nausi-
In A.M.
surname from
man
of Theseus' ship
on his
at
of Sci-
voyage to Crete.
rus.
. . .
204,
50. <l>a\T)p6v
:
49. 'A-yvwo-Tv
Pausanias's language
leaves
it
one altar to Unknown Gods or several, and whether, if several, each was dedicated to
also
expedition.
52. 'AvSp6-y(i> pb>|i,6s
:
Unknown God
'
or Gods.
At
see
1, 27, 10.
Olympia was an AyvwcrTuv 6fGiv ^wjxbs The apostle Paul mentions (5, 14, 8). an altar at Athens with the inscription
ArNfiSTfi eEO (Acts 17, 23). Oecumenius (quoted iu Lomeier, de veterum
gentilium lustrationibus,
full inscription
p.
" To
Unknown and
Strange God."
on the probable site of Cape Colias, see Excursus I. 56. KuXidSos 'A4>po5TT]s a-yaX.(j.a on Coliad Aphrodite and her cult, see Roscher, Lex. s.v. Kolias, and Schol. Ar. Nub. .52, where a temple of the goddess is mentioned and various explanations are given of the term Coliad. The priest of this deity had a seat in the theatre of Dionysus (C.I. A. Ill, 339).
:
54.
aKpa KuXids
CAl'E COLIAS
Ch.
33
'A^/3o8iTi7S
ecrrt
ovre
6po(f>ou
MaphovLOP
TO Se aya\/xa to vvv
Srj,
epyov
2
XeXio^rjfxevos.
p,vrj[Jia
'A/xa-
pidov
dpTraaOrjpai, TpoL^rjVLCp Se
Hyta
rotctSe e?
avTr)u TreTToirjTaf
5
HpaKXea
jxr)
57.
The
Amazon
Antiojye
Greater Athens
from Aphrodite as birth-goddesses in her service, Aphrodite herself having at times this title. According to Hesych. 8.V. TevervWU, Genetyllis resembled Hecate, and dogs were sacrificed to her.
See S.Q.
124.
s.v.
;
Court
Poets
Walls of The
Kings.
1.
<rX66vTwv
'AvTioiriis fivii(ia
Usener, Gotternanien,
Tt)v s
'
tomb was
more
lepbv.
just within
the city
59.
AB^vtts
wall of Athens.
the site
'OXvfjLTrias
exactly,
irapa.
rb
F^s
the route
from Phalerum
to
Athens and
describes
monuments
(1, 2,
of the city
1);
(Paus.
1,
18, 7)
i^eribolus-
proach.
(10, 35, 2) as
one of the
vaoi ijfxiKavTot.
Phalerum road led into Athens was doubtless not far from the Olympieum. Now the tomb of Antiope was
the
in
all
Pausanias leaves the reader his choice of one of two inferences (1) if the in:
tomb
of the
Amazon mentioned by
Ps.-
work
Alcamenes; (2) if the image was made by Alcamenes, the injury to the shrine was not inflicted by the Persians.
near the Itonian gate. Hence it follows that the gate approached by the Phale-
inclines to the
and Antiope.
34
'
Aptl67T7]v
Cli.2, 2
(TTpaTevcraL
yap
rdoe
TTapahovvai to ^copiov.
valoi he
VTTO
(f)a(riv,
Hytag
ireTToiriKev
'
'AOrj-
eVet re
rjXBov
'A/xa^ot'e?,
KvTioTrrjv fxep
10 0i7crea>9'
kol
[xprjixd
e/c
AvLovTCDU 8e
Ileipaicoq
77/309
Koj^coj/
varepov
rrj^
KvlSm
rd
'
yap
oiKohop.iqBevTa
rpidKovTa ovofxa-
/cat fivrjixa
Evpt7rt8ou
/cei^di^
reOaivTai
^
8e FjvpLTTiSrjq iv Ma/ce8ot'ta
e^era>
napd top ^aanXea i.\Ocop Ap^i77oXXot9 ydp ecTTip elprjKaOd Xeyovcrt. crvprjcrap 8e dpa /cat rdre
20 rot?
/SacriXevcrL
TroirjTai
Kat irpoTepop
ert
/cat
IToXv/cparet
Xdixov
77"po9
11.
Twv Ti\wv
I.
on the Long
raL<\>oi
. .
.
Trar/jts 5
'EXXdSos 'EXXds,
5^ Mo6crais
e'/c
TrXei-
15.
7,
era
Tcp\j/as
MtvavSpou
is
Kal
\i.vf{\i.a.
EvpiiriSou K-
.pj.g ^^^j.^
^^^i,,^.
g^^g
370:
rbv
BaKxv
fxeixr]\6ra
Aw-
of
Treidovs,
KKpoirid-r]v
ifioi,
^eive,
M^vavopov
l)i,)d. 13,
X'^'
rx"
^-6'"^'
S^
^^'""^po"
Si^vai, 5,7s eu Acbs v naKdpu>,.
Anth. and AUinson, Lucian,p.xiv. This story bears all the ear-marks of myth.
Cf. Sotades ap. Stob. Flor. 98,
7, 51,
^^^^
^^^^^^^ ^^
.^,^
embellishment of roads
The
is
74
ff.
Abh.
Cf.
19.
I^^^tw
KaOd
\i-^ova-i
8, 38, 7.
found Anthol.
5'
Pal. 7, 45:
dcrria
140;
2, 28.
:
Mv^/JLa
20.
iiias
Pausa-
iVx"
i]
here mentions a
yrj 'SlaKedwu
yap de^aro
ripp.a fiiov.
lar instances of
35
8e,
6<s
SoXcu? '^Aparos.
'HcrtoSo? 8e
rj
/cat
Op,iqpo<i
^adikevcriv r^Tv^crav
Kat.
e/cdi^re?
6 jxkv eVt
irXdurj^;,
'Op.rjpo<;
Se aTToSi^jLir^cras
icmu 'AXkiVw
Kat
Ty)v.
to?
'
Trapd ry yvvaLKt
ecrrt
8e
Td(f)o<;
(TTpaTKirrriv
lttttco
TrapearrjKOTa'
and
tyrants.
It
and Bacchylides.
Strabo, 14, p. 038.
On Anacreon's
3,
so;
Long Walls, one in the saddle between the Museum and Pnyx hills, the other between the Pnyx and Nymphae-
121
um
Piraeus
hill;
Aeschylus was at
gate, just
409; see Vita Aesch., and Christ, Ber. d. bayr. Ak. 1888, 371 ff. On Simonides' sojourn with Ilitro, see
Ps. -Plato, Ep. 2, 311 A, etc.
Xen.
Iliero,
On
the so-
Athen.
I,
V,
8, p.
340
380.
28.
On Demodocus
32. Td4>os
.
see Od.
0,
44;
:
^"rriOtiiAa
t\o)v
it
and the fourth the great gate of the city further north, known as the Dipylum. Just as the roads leading from the first two gates converged within the walls, so the roads leading from the last two converged at a short distance from the city. We have noticed that Pausanias was approaching the city by the road to the north of the Long Walls hence he could have entered by the Piraeus gate or the Dipy;
tliat this
monu-
lum.
It
is
generally
accepted that
the gate of
ment
latter, since
principal
by Plutarch (Thes. 20) as being near the Piraeus gate at Athens. ov iroppw twv irvXwv it is a much-disputed question by what gate Pausanias enters the city. There were four gates to the nortii and northwest of Athens available for travelers from the Piraeus two within the
(cf. Livy 31, 24); and the road Dipylum was a regular means of approach from the Piraeus to the agora though somewhat longer, it was more level and more convenient than the lower road, and led through the
;
36
35
ds
^povov
StaXetTTOi/re?.
Kat
Trat?
Kat 8aSa
e^wi'
"laK^o?
the city
yeypaiTTai 8e
Folyb. 16, 25
;
cttI
tw rot^w
ypdjxixa<JLv 'ArrtKot?
(cf.
Lucian,
38.
d-ydXnaTa
Navig. 17, 46
npa^iT'Xos
and
less
were along the avenue from the to the agora. For a description of the extant remains of the Dipylum, see Excursus I. tv 35. otKoSoixTi^jLacsirapao-KcvTiv iro(XTrwv: this was doubtless the building elsewhere designated lIo/U7re?ov (Dem.
Dipylum
meter, Persephone, and lacchus are mentioned by Clem. Alex. Protrept. 4, 62, p. 52, ed. Ritter, and the lacchus by Cicero (Verr. 4, 60), though neither mentions Praxiteles. The statement
that the inscription on the wall was in
were inscribed
when
was
officially
Two
explanathe
The build-
that an inscription
referring to
works
of Praxiteles,
43).
The
site
has been
who
on
as usual
voos
A'^fi.TiTpos
this
temple
is
most probably identical with the 'la/cxetov, in the neighborhood of which a grandson of the great Aristides (Plut. Aristid. 27) made his living by interpreting dreams, and where the dreaminterpreters regularly resorted ( Alclphr.
3, 59).
and was accordingly not inscribed by artist. The old Attic alphabet, Kohler says, was revived in Hadrian's time and was used particularly for He thinks inscriptions and the like.
the
that these statues
may
well be those
Its location
37,
4),
Schol.
37
40 e/aya elvaL
Se ov iroppcj IToo'etScoi'
e? 6v
i(TTLv
i(f)'
LTTTTOV,
yijavTa Hokv^ciynqv,
e)^t Trj<;
aKpa<;
ttjv
XeXcovrj^StScofrt
to 8e
/cat
to
(^'
f]ix(t)p
eiKova aXXoj
ou
45
Kov
Kttt
ei/cweg
6(T0L<; TL
8e erepa ro)v
p.vov
Cf.
ecTTL
Trapa
A.M. IX
.
.
(1884), p. 78
l<j>'
40.
:
Hoinci-
o-i8wv
I'inrov
kt\.
an
and gentle descent from the higher ground " as referring to the slope from the Agora to the gate. This removes
Frazer's difficulty in identifying the
street described
480)
and by Apollodorus
fect that
(1, G, 2)
to the ef-
by Ilimerius as being
From
we
and hurled
it
burying him under it and forming the island of Nisyrus off Cos. The combat
is
nades
used for merchandise and the like Pausanias, only to those devoted to sacred purposes, which were doubtless out numbered by the secular buildings.
k6vcs irpo
Kttl
in-
45. cl-
had been altered. This was a connnon practice under the Empire, so that what had been the image {iyoKiia) of a god or hero might bescription
dvSpwv kt\.
come
man.
44.
illustrious
belongs to
diro
tmv
-jtuXwv
Ilimerius
(.3,
arose in
chiefly
iK
UvXuv,
Xi/jl^-
voi,
TTJi d.vayuyrjs
rjde,
vavs.
KivrjOflcra
8i
iKfWev
0a\d(T(rT]S, 5id
Kara^aivwu &vu0fv
TrapareTafi^vas
Adrjvaioi re Kal
ments to the benefactors of the state were placed in prominent places, especially on this parade street, that the visitor on the very threshold of the city might recognize that Atliens was
the centre of the higher
48.
life
ras CKaT^puOtv
oi/rcj}
'
of Hellas.
"makes a straiijfht
ans of ''certain note" who profaned the mysteries in the house of Pulytion
407261
38
tup:
ATTICA OF PAUSANIAS
Ch.
2,
Trjv iv 'EXeucrtvt
50 d(f>apcrTdTov^
Spacrai TeXerrjv
eV
Aiovvcrov oe
e'^'
ottolco irep
KiToXXoiva M.ov(Tr]yeTr]u.
twv
afxcfH
A/cparo?-
Trpocroj-rrov icrriv ol
piovov ipMKoSoprjpe-
vov TM
Toi)(Oi.
re/xei^d?
idTiv OLKrjpa
^
dydXpara e^ov
TTiqXov, ySacrtXeu?
'
A0r]i^aLO)v
Ap(f)iKTvoju
were doubtless Alcibiades and his comAndoc. 1, 12, 14, and Isoc. 10, G, also assert that the impious ceremonies took place in the house of Pulytion. Plato (Eryx. 394 o, 400 h) speaks of the magnificence of the mansion.
panions.
also of a colosmarble head of a woman, a torso of a female statue, two male portrait
;
heads of
Roman
date,
and a large
Eujxe'pos Kpoj-
Thuc.
G,
[Ei)/3oi;Xt57?s
iTroi7](rv
(C.I. A.
II,
1045).
In
50.
Aiovva-ov
MjXirojtevov
is
Diony1).
referred to in vari-
Author-
T^ixevos is
iden-
monument
tical
vvaov rexvLTuv,
mentioned Athen.
5,
sanctuary of the
company of theatrical artists, from whose number the priest of this deity was chosen (C.I. A. Ill, 274, 278). The
other
priest
statue,
lides.
54.
:
"AKparos
of
this
Dionysus was
mon of unmixed
l^icaeopolis
To
this
daemon
Each had a reserved seat inscribed for him in the theatre of Dionysus. 52. 'AOrjvas aYaXjia naiwdae.
Ach. 1229) gulped down the "Amystis," "the deep, long, breathless draught." 50. to
(Ar.
vas
tp-yov
Eipov\5ov
the text
TOV Alovvo-ov
Tejievos
usually regarded
leaves
it
means
was
In
o(!KT]^a d-yaXfiaTa
made and
dedicated by Eubulides.
40) recognizes
AMPIIICTYOX
Ch.2, C
39
dWov<; re
60 Xdf3eTO
Aiovvaov.
crvveire-
tov Oeov.
Trjv oe
^aaikeiav
Trj
^Afxcju-
Aktolov keyovcTLP iv
vvv
AttlkjJ
yivovrai
Se
\\.0'r]pat(op,
dXXct 01 tov
Kpavao^;
e'^eSe^aro,
'AOrjvaLcov
/cat
Swa/xet
Trpov^cov.
Kpava^
70
Se 0vyaTpa<;
diTO
TavT'T)';
Koi aXXa?
ovofxdi^ovcnv
'A/crataz^.
e)(aji^
'Ar^tSa yeveadai
tt)^
\4yov(Tiv
'Arrt/CT^i^
^wpav,
npoTepop
Ka\ovfJLpr]v
Kpai^ao)
oe
'AjxtfiLKTrjcov
eTTai/acrxa?,
/cat
OvyaTepa o/xw?
in the
2,
and note.
tlie
See C.I.G. 7716, 7718 C.I. A. Ill, 372. 'X-ypav\os is found in the text of Eur.,
Apollod., and Steph. Byz.
ler-Robert
I,
See Prel(iilt:
200, note 2
Usener,
ternamen, 136.
1, 18,
(Athen.
cf. 1,
2,
ij.
38c).
60.
lirriKap(ov:
1,
:
31, 12.
33, 8,
and note.
.
. .
ArOiSa
ovcf.
according to Apollod.
01.
TtJV 8c
'A|l<j)l,KTVCOV CrXV
Tws
Apol-
lodorus
14.
The only
difference
Cranaechme. After the third daughter Atthis, Cranaus named the land Atlliis
or Attike.
between the two accounts is that Apollodorus makes Cecrops, not Actaeus, the first king of Attica, who married Aglaurus, daughter of Actaeus. According to Steph. Byz.
s.v. 'Akttj,
See Strabo,
'
9,
397:
'
'
Aktiktiv
niv yap
OLTrb
AKTaiwvb^
(pa<riv,
AT0i8a 8^
'Afi<J>iKTvwv
.
xiiro
'EpixOovCou
Attica
tKiri-iTTei
according to Isocr.
the
was
taeus
so too Strabo,
is
9, p.
Ac397, where
"Ep<rri
rendered to
of Attica.
F,iichtli()iiius
kingdom
the king
called Actaeon.
65.
40
iKTTLTTTeL
75
heva
elvai, yovea<^ Se
Yi^aidTov
/cat Vrjv.
rj^et
To
diro rjpcjo^
jxevov
Trpcorr]
Se
icmv
Iv
Se^ta
KaXovixevrj
Xeto9, eif^a
5
KaBit^ei
Xovfieurjv jSacnXeiai^.
(TTod<;
dydXjxara
and
^-qaevq e?
ddXaaaav ^Kcpcofa
periods.
only
at
different
With
this pas-
pounded with three prepositions. See Aug. Grosspietsch, Bresl. riiilol. Abh.
VII,
3.
5,
See Excursus
II.
KEpd|Aov
an
Stoa Eleutherius Statues and Paintings Temple of Paternal Apollo Metroum Buleuteriuin.
1.
The Ceramicus
Stoa
Basileius
eponymous hero
Ceramus, son of Dionysus and Ariadne. as Pausa3. o-Tod Pao-^Xcios nias is entering the market-place from
To
Si x.a>p(ov 6 KcpafxeiKos
what
deme bearing
(xcopiov)
that
name
Ceramicus,
ri-
Theseum
hill.
Agora.
its
'''0^
derived
name dwb
G^fiv
Kepdfxu)
tipI
Tjpwi
of the
Areopagus (Dem.
Suidas and
776).
me under
Photius
s.v. KepafiLs).
:
It consisted of
two parts
the
(a)
the
Theseum
Academy and
i^oxvf
Colonnade.
identified
The
building
formerly
Thuc.
G, 57,
Plato
Parm. 127
b, etc.),
and
(b)
the Inner
102
ff.
from the Dipylum to tlie Acropolis and embraced the whole of the Agora (see S.Q. LXX, 42; Wachs. I, 152; II,
258).
It is
onnade he now thinks did not bekmg to the market, but was the last building
before the
as.
"Ceramicus"
of Pausani-
impossible to determine
6.
d^dX2k-
0ii<r6iis
term
puva
kt\.
Cb.
3,
41
(f)a-
VTTO
/cat
ol
TratSa
yevecrdai ^aiOovra,
10
/cat
<^uA.a/ca
i.TToi-qcre
tov vaov.
Tavra dXXoL re
yvj/atKa?.
/cat
irX-qcriov Se ti^9
(TToa?
Ko^'cot'
seem
have been found elsewhere, and they to have been the usual ornament
for the apexes of gables.
Ovid (Met.
3,
2).
751
ff.),
etc.,
and by Pau(1,
4,
2,
This sug-
and that the two groups, one of Theseus hurling Sciron into the sea,
Hemera with Cephalus, On the subject of the first group, see 1, 44, 8. The death of Sciron, the mythical robber, was
the other of
mother of Phaethon is not Hemera, but Clymene, a daughter of Ocean us. Phaethon, "the shining one," is usually interpreted as the morning star,
or the sun
lirc(ri
itself.
10.
'HaCoSos
:
this
poem
is
1
;
of
Hesiod's,
which
31, 5.
is
not extant,
1,
is
the subject
referred to by Pausanias in
3,
43.
24,
10
9,
In the
la.st
pas-
Theseum
<)>aXov
:
at Athens.
7.
'Hfic'pa
Kt-
is
poem
to the
Great Eoeae
or to
as-
Women, works
N.F.,
Apollodorus
7,
(8, 14,
700
ff.)
give the
.
101;
Rh.
Mus.,
8(
XXXIX
Kovwv
:
story at length
(1884), 501-5(>5.
11. irXtj<rlov
rtis
briefly.
o-rods
The
subject
is
frequently depicted on
Isocr. 9,
up beside
Zeus
Pausanias'
arms.
The
latter
this, for
the
8.
Amyclaean throne
iraiSa ^cv^cOai
(3,
11, 2).
:
ol
^a^Oovra
the
also referred to in
Dem.
Aesch.
usual legend
of
makes
;
Conon,
Phaethon
Hesiod
version
(Theog.
Timotheus, and
The former
fifth
Athens with Sparta at the close of the and the beginning of the fourtli
See Isocr.
centurie..
Evag.
35
ff.
42
V109
K6vo)i>o<;
THE
Kai
7VTTICA OF PAUSANIAS
Ch.3, 3
/SacrtXev?
KvirpCcov
Evaydpa?,
09
/cat
rets rpti^pet?
ra?
<l>oti't(T(Ta's
'A/ara/cat
^ep^ov hoOrjvai
15
Kdvoji^t
enpa^e 8e w?
to
oLpeKaOeu
di^e/BaLPe
e/c
TevKpov
Kti^v^ov dvyarepa.
iuravOa
e(TTr]Ke
Zev?
6vop.al^6pievo<^
a)^'
aXXot"? T
TToXtv fidkLcrTa
3
eVt Se
rw
of
Antidosis, 101
39.
It is
probable
tliat
title
the statues of
were set up soon after the battle of Cnidus (394 n.c.) and that of Tiniotheus was added soon after the peace
of Callias
of. 2,
The
juxtaposition
of Hadrian Eleutherius
in
7
;
371.
14.
3,
to aviKadtv:
2, 2
;
therius
is
18,
37, 3
;
25, 10
1,
Olympieum and
4, 3, 4
and G
5,
25, 12.
7,
So Hdt.
221; with-
out article,
5, ()5,
etc.
aviKadev in reis
used
e.g.
(TTod
8c
oiriaOcv
wKoSojjLt^Tai
Some-
times
yivo'i is
added adverbially,
e'<rTt]K
Hdt.
paioi.
av^Kadev Te(pv-
10.
tvTavOa
Zevs ovo|Aa-
56(jLvos'E\v9pios:
9, 57,
though I'ausanias does not here mention its name, the colonnade was known as the Stoa Eleutherius, or Colonnade of Zeus of Freedom, from the image of the god (see 10, 21, Xen. Oecon. 7,
;
and Ilesych. s.v. 'E\ev6^pios Zei^s that this image was also called Zeus Soter. According to Ilarpocr. s.v. 'EXeu6ipioi Zeus, the orator Hyperides derived the name from the inference that the colonnade in the rear had been built by
freedmen, but Didymus gave the
1;
Plat.
Eryx. 392 a;
id.
Theages,
121.\, etc.).
two colonnades, the Basileius and Eleutherius, were adjacent, and other writers speak of them as beside
the
the
each other,
pocr.
Trop'
dW'^Xas.
s.v.
See Ilar(XTod.
much
both
to
and Snid.
^ao-iXeios
more
statue
satisfactory
reason
that
the
.
.
r\p\tv
17. Pao-iXsvs A5piav6s Hadrian received countless honors at the hands of the Athenians, as we shall see later. He was wor'
.
Royal Colonnade, and we should locate it, therefore, west of the Agora and to the south of the Poyal Colonnade. 20. -ypac{>ds i'xovora Oeovs toiis SwScko KaXovfj.vovs Pausanias later mentions
:
THESEUS
TOL^o) T(p
43
/cat
ArjfxoKpa-
TLa re
/cat Aiy/Ao?.
*
(TTTJcravTa
(fyyjp^y]
\d'qvaioi<;
i^ taov TToXiTevecrO ai
Ke^ioprjKe he
kul
aXXw?
tco
25 TrpdyfjLara
St^'/xo*
rj
e^ eKeivov
SrjfxoKpaTOVfjLeuoL
htap-eivaiev, irpXv
Xeyerat
/xei'
8^
/cat
aXXa
ov/c dXrjOrj
Traihoju ev
69 avrd? re e'/SacrtXevcre
/cat
varepov
Mvecr0(D<^
in this
colonnade
Ei}-
in
the Cavalry Battle and the Theseus and adds: raOra^ rds ypaipai
<t>pdva>p
tolaus.
typafev
'AOrjualois (4).
We
in-
fer
from Pausanias's account that the Twelve Gods and the Theseus adorned
the side walls, the Cavalry Battle the
Demokratia is cited and accordingtoC.I.A. II, 470, 1. 02, there was a statue of Demokratia at Athens, at which public decrees were sometimes exposed.
C.I. A. Ill, 105;
An Athene
.31
6S
TtToLpTTjv 01
0T](rci8ai.
ycvcdv
long
back
wall,
of
the
colonnade.
12!),
mentions together
Plu-
Theseus is represented as the founder of democracj^ also by Isocr. 12, 120, Ps.-Dem. 50,
Sicfjicivav
ap\ovTes
Aristotle (Resp.
much
7)
energy and
fire
Lucian (Imag.
ad-
little (fii-
mired Hera's
hair,
/3acrtXi/c-^s).
In
nms
(8,
11)
Twelve Gods. Euphranor was at his acme about 300 b. c. He attained great
reputation as painter, sculptor,
forms (Thuc. 2, 15). Theseus was .supplanted by Menestheus, but after the
latter
and
;
was
slain at
etc.).
21.
0T|rtis
:
Kal
as to repre-
John
on
Bull of
1, 1, 3.
Demus, "the Athens " (Frere), see note I'liny (25, 00 and 137) menthe
Theseus regained the kingdom of Athens (1, 17, 5; Plut. Thes. 31-35) and held it for three generations, Theseus' son Demophon, his grandson Oxyntes, and his great-grand.son 'I'liymoetes, being successively kings.
See
tions personifications of
Demus
44
ap^ovTe<;.
el
8e
/xot
yeveaXoyelu
rjpecTKe,
/cat
tov<;
aTTO
MeXdvdov
TOVTOv<; av
35
'KpTavdd
vaidiv
icTTL
epyov
ot
AaKeSat/xo^'tol9 iTTep,^Br)(Tav.
avveypa\\fav 8e
dWot
/cat
KaTakrj\\iiv re ri^?
KaS/xeta?
to
Trratcr/jta Aa/ceSat/xovtoji^
TO eV Aeu/crpoi?
ws
AOiqvaioiv ekOovfj
aav
Tir)!^
yvcopifxco-
TOTOi rpvXo? T 6
tTTTTOi'
Ti^t'
if rot?
'
ravra?
ttXyjctlop
ra?
ypa(f)d<;
^vcfypdvcop eypa^ev
ing
lus
19, etc.
among
that
"at
Me-
Then
(8,
there
is
much
minondas.
slain
Pausanias
11,
5)
says
was
but afterwards they also fixed on ten years as the term of their magis;
tracy."
a
it
was
new
who was
Pausanias
(8,
11, G),
him on the
monument name of
Theseids
(see 2, 18, 9
FpvXos
special
'Eiranivwv8as 6 0t]Paios
Pausanias's
44.
irXtio-Cov
iiroi^irev
iv
IlaTpSov: the
of
the temple of
and either
Diodo-
he or the painter
is
at fault.
Apollo was doubtless on the west side of the market-place just to the south
of the Stoa Eleutherius.
The
jSivixhs
tov
APOLLO PATROOS
Ch.3, 5
46
i'niK\y)(Tiv irpo
tou 'AnoXkcoua
Uarp^op
6eco
8e Tov
pect)
Tov
fiev Aeco^^ayar;?,
ou 8e KaXovatv 'AXe^iKaKou
Ka\a/xt9
eTTOLirjo'e.
to he ovojxa
VOCTOV
rw
yeueaO at \4yovcrLv
Cr(f)L(TL
'Ilt/coSo/xT/rat
Mr^rpo?
X
6eu)u
Upop,
-^p
<I>etSta9
fifth
KwbWwvos
tant
But
list.
tliere is
;
Apollo
a pugi-
with
Pythian
;
Apollo
of this ques-
(Dem.
18, 141, p.
274
Pausanias's
His priest
is
mentioned
plague of 430-429
it
is
hardly
po.ssible, as
and had a
seat re-
conflicts
as to
Upov,
11V
^eiSias clp-ydo-aro
the sanc-
statue.
pitv
Acco-
Xdptis:
104),
and
was usually called Metroum (see Pol11; Bekk. Anec. I, 280, 6).
made by
Pausanias
now
proceeds to describe
in all three
which he speaks of as near each other, the Metroum, the Buleuterium or Council House, and the Tholus or Kotunda. Hence the
three buildings
site of
know
entirely
one,
if
uncertain.
of to
tiie
three.
IV, 07.
Kov
4G.
KaXowiv 'AXcliKa:
KdXa)iis
(Kolr\<ri
'AXe^t/ca/cos
'ETrt/cot/ptos, 8,
41, 7.
have stood to the south of the market about the northwest foot of the slope of the Areopagus. For Pausanias later speaks of the statues of
Conze
the
Eponymi
;
as
being
higher
" Apollo on the Omphalo.';." found in the theatre of Dionysus, is a copy of this statue of Apollo made by Calamis. This conjecture has led to much discussion.
{avwTipu})
and Arrian
were
up men-
Cerami-
the
The statue (to which, however, Omphalos has been shown not to
46
/SovXevovcTLP
eviavrov 'A^r^vatot?
BovXaiov
11 et-
8s eV
re^vy]
cTLOv KOL
55 eypaxjje
epyov Avcrwro?.
tov<;
ok
decrjxoBeT(x<i
Agora
to the
round the west shoulder of the Areopagus, proceeded southeast between the Areopagus and the Pnyx, and then ascended the westAcropolis
ern slope of the Acroijolis, thus avoiding the steep ascent to the east of the
wound
(Ar. Eq. 040 ff. Xen. Hell. 2, 3, 5). Here too were set up various public documents engraved on stone or metal,
;
and Suid.
list
and the
XVI
ff.;
(1891),
Harrison,
Ancient Athens, pp. 38 ff. There is no indication that the Metrouin was
ever a temple.
Pausanias
,
calls
it
sanctuary
{iepov)
Pliny a shrine (d e 1 u It
brum,
.30,
17).
was apparently a
Timarch. 84) de-
53. ^oavov: derived from ^^w, "to scrape, smooth, polisli," may be applied to an image made of either wood, stone, or ivory (see Ilesych. s.v. ^oava; Etymol. Magn. s.y.^dafov, p.Gll, 1. 12 ff.). Strabo applies the word to the gold-and-ivory Zeus at Olympia (8, p. 353), to the gold-and-ivory Hera of 53).
Polyclitus
(8,
p.
372), to the
marble
(0, p.
runaway slave as coining into the Agora and seating himself on the altar of the Mother of the Gods. The Metroum was later the repository of
the public archives (Din.
c.
Luciaii
images in bronze and silver (Alex. 18; The term is, id. de dea Syria, 30).
however, more properly restricted to images of wood (see Clem. Alex.
Protrep. 4, 40, p. 40, ed. Potter,
Leocr. CO).
1, 8(5
Lye.
the
51. irXriCTCov
twv
irevTa:
and
KOfrLoiv Ka\ov(j.ev(ov
PovXfVTTJpiov
2,
225;
4, 50);
to use
Metroum
to
the wooden
image of a
:
deity.
x Or. It probably contained images p. 842 !;). of both Zeus Bulaeus and Athena Bulaea (see Antiphon, 0, 45). We read of the sacred hearth of the Council House (Aeschin. 2, 45 Andoc. 1, 42, etc.), of
(see Aeschin. 3, 187; Ps.-Plut. vit.
;
AiroXXwv
ther
is
Te'xvT] Ileio-iou
nothing fur-
known
:
of Pisias.
54.
Atifjios
p70v Avo-wvos
who
who made
statues of athletes,
armed
sacrificing.
Tovs
vr]s
and
members
on the Thesmothetae, see and 50-01. They were the six archons ranking below
Kavvios
Arist. Resp. Ath. 3
THE GAULS
Ch.
4. 1
47
T7J<;
Evp(oiTr}<;
to.
ia)(aTa
OaXdaar)
a/x7^a>Tt^'
Se
Biqpia
/cat
^wpa?
/act
Trora/xo?
^'
w Ta9 Ovyarepa^
oxfje
8e
TTore
aurov9 KoXeiadai
(rcf)d^
FaXara?
/cat
i^ULKr]crei>
KeXrot yap
Kara re
to dp')(alov
eVt
'loj^iou, /cat
Tlie
emarch.
Wachoinuth,
is
II,
320, thinks
Rhone and
the
Po were
to portraits of illus-
Pro-
from time to time identified with the Eridanus (.see Pliny, 37, 32), but amber is not found at the mouth of eitlier
river.
was one of the most celebrated artists of antiquity he took enormous pains with his work and was remarkable for tech;
On
danus,
cf.
I'>ur.
ff.;
Hipp. 735
Ovid, Met.
. . .
ff.
Apoll.
ff.,
87
101-
Khod.
etc.
4,
7.
590
2, 3-10
:
Brunn,
Gesch.
lippus
233-243.
:
ToXdros
KtXroC
the
people
to
we know
as Celts were
known
55. 'OXPidSr^s 8*
cf. 1, 4,
KaWiirirov
10, 20, 5.
on Cal-
The date of
Celtae), Galatiana
Cf.
4, 5, ^k
(VaXdrac),
Procop. de aedif.
Tavvv
o?
TdWoi
4.
Digression
Ya1),
Xariav.
1,
Asia
2.
The Peryamencs.
tirl
OaXao-o-T) itoXXtj
.sea
'HpiSavos:
the great
meant
33, 4
is
the Atlantic
the
<rv:
ii.sed
in
ill
Ocean
in
the
neighborhood of
;
Thuc.
1, 3,
frequent in Paii;
Arctic Circle
(cf.
35, 5).
Pau-
3, 20,
4.
;
6,
34, 5
2.3,
6, 22,
1
;
10
7,
17
22, 4
8. 5,
danus (cf. 5, 14, 3 and 5, 12, 7) as an actual river that flowed into the northern ocean, but Horodolus (3, 15)
7;
9.
3; 47,
9. .34,
10; 10.
ttjv
tir\
1,
l._
o-Tparitt
:
Tp^irtrai
(U),
'lovCow
KrX.
Tausanias
19-23) narrates at
48
10
ttolv
ocrov
a^pt yiaKeoovoiv
i-rroirjcre
ojKet
^ecraaXiav re
TToWol
^ap^Or
pcov, are
15 T<?
vno 'AXe^di'Spov
Trporepov
KdacravSpos
ovoev
dcrBeveiav
ttJ?
alcr^pov
'
evoixit^ov
direlvaL
to
Kara
a(f)d<^
l3or]0eLa<^.
jxrJKeL 2
TrpocnTTatovTe^ ra TroXXd iv
rat?
yLta^at<?,
twv
EiXXijvcou, iXop-euoL
cr(f)L(TL
tov KaXrjv,
TovTov
rjyelcrOaL.
KaTaXa^ovTe^ Se
fj
aTevorraTov
'EXXdSa elpyop
rjv
tov<;
^ap/3dpov<;-
K(f)idXTrjs rjyyjcraTo 6
Tpa^tfto?
/cat
OiTrjv.
evda
817 7rX.etcrTov
vatot TOt9
and
in 7,
(5,
7,
The
two
is
same events
an argument that portions of the work were published separately. Cf. 7, 20, 0, 13. Tjo-vxaand Introduction, p. 3. Xfiv: frequently used as the antonym of TToXefieiv. Cf. 1, 13, 1 and 6, 25, 3 2, 16, 5 3, 9, 2 4, 11, 8. Here 7, 6 Pausanias states as the ground of the
expedition to Thermopylae,
tliey
because
off
the
Isthmus.
14. (Afya\s
a noteworthy
instance of
hyperbaton.
Pausanias
most of the Greeks the exhaustion caused by their wars with the Macedonians to the contrary, he
hesitation of
;
^apelais Kal
eXeii'
^i*
dvdpQv,
4 ra
iroXia-tJ.aTa
oi;5ew
ra Xoiwa
woiiia-dfievoi,
3,
says in
4, 28, 3,
9,
fj-erd
wpSrepov
Ad-qvas
en
iirl
S^i^^as
Aapdov
Kal
iirl
arpaThv.
THE
Ch.
4,
(JAULS
49
iirl
dfxvvojxevoL
30 fxaKicTTa
Toil's
fiap/Sdpovq
ol
Se a(f)LaLv
tcou
vewu
rtX-
KapnaKov
jtxaro? 7rpo9
ovv
to.
KaTacrTpat-
jxara
35
E\Xr]pa<;
vavalu vuo re
tov tttjXov
ottXcov
TrXelu.
/Sa/aetat?
koI
hr) 4
dvhpcjv i^idt^ovTO
TOV<i
/caret
ovtol p.kv
YXXr)va<i
Tponov top
elprjpievou ccrco^ov, ol Se
FaXarat
to.
HvXcjv re
iuTo<; rjcrav
Xoiwd
TTctcrat
TTOiy](Tdp,evoi AeX(f>ov<;
kol
ret
/cat (T<^Lcnv
avToi re AeX^ot
40 /cat ^(tiKewv
(Tov oLKOvvTe^j
8e
/cat
Svi>apL<;
AItojXmv
to
yap
oj?
e'9
^et/oas
Tov<i
rov Flapvao'a'ou,
tov-
45 heCixaTd re
TOiv Toix;
/cat
'
ivayC^ovcn Se
avppa^^Cas Tivppo),
Kat ro pvrjpa iv
ri^t*
npoTepov
60 drt/xTa.
e)(^ovTS
FaXarwi/ Se
'Acriav oia/Sdv- 5
)(p6v(i)
Se vaTepov
. .
Ylepyapov
e^oz^re?, irdXai Se
0,770
e'?
Srj
n^p-ya|iov
:
irdXai Be TcuOpa-
v(av KaXovfjivqv
cf. 1,
'
11,2, U^pya/xos
Apeiov Swaartvfiovofxaxr,rrj 7r6Xei
was
.3,
entirely distinct.
1,
(5
;
See Xen.
571
;
Hell.
Strabo, 12,
p.
13, p.
ffavra
dpxv^, xai
ott'
to
avTov.
I'ausanias
TavTT)V Fa:
Oa\d<ro-Tjs
ef.
apparently reg,arded
I'erganius
and
1,
2.'),
2.
ganuis, defeated
(Jauls in a great
50
Trjv eKTO's
55
Xayyapiov )^a>pau ecr^ou AyKvpav noXLif ikopref; ayKvpa 8e, ^pvyoiv, rjv Mt8a? 6 TopScov npoTepov atKiaev rjv 6 Mt8a9 avevpev, rjv ert Kat e? e/xe ev Upco Ato? /cat KpyjuTj MlSov KaXovfJLevrj ravTiqv oivco Kepdaau Mihav cfiacrlv
iirl Tr)u
TavTqv
.
re 817 T'qv
.
AyKvpav
evda
G
Trjv "AyStaTii',
ra?
e)(Ovcra.
-/^'z^
(ftaaiv eluat to
dp^alov
Tiva^
tmv
dWoiv,
Tj <^T7/>tT7
el 817
eTToXefjirjcrap,
Kev
T/)ta Se yvcoptfjLCJTaTa
Trj<^
i^eipyacTai
(xtt
'Ao"ta9 dp^y]
koltco /cat
^
t^
FaXarw^'
avrrj? dva^(i)pr\(TL<^
KOI TO e? rou?
crvi^
TpojaSa.
eTTctvetjat
icTL
/cat
evTavOa
<j)ov
01 TrpvTavei^
Kai Tiva
9, 5,
tlie
at
Caicus
and
King
assumed
cf.
14.
This
the
lus
title
I,
of
king,
of
event
described in
epitome of
Pergamus.
is
Apollodorus
(epitoma
Vaticana
ex
uncertain.
Nie-
Wag-
buhr gives it as 2.']0-229 n.c; Droysbetween 238 and 235 Koepp, Rh. Mus., N.F., Xh (1885), 114 ff.,
;
Wagner,
572; 13,
8, 4,
p. 193).
On
the com-
in 240.
cf.
57.
Kp^vi]
1,
MCSov
13,
KaXoufxtvr)
615; Diod.
4,
33;
Xen. Anab.
2,
who
locates
Paus.
5.
9; 48, 7; 54, 6;
the fountain of
Midas
;
at
Thymbrion
that Sile-
The Tholus
The
.
:
9, 31, 2.
Eponymi
.
.
by the wayside
cording to Hdt.
irXiio-Cov
nus was caught in Macedonia in the gardens of Midas Bion (Athen. 2, p. 45 c) places it at Inna, between Paeonia and the land of the Maedi.
;
e6\os signiiied
originally
used espe-
51
ov fxeydXa.
\\.6y)vaioL<i
dpyvpov
5 TO,
Tre7roLr]fXua
icmu dyaX/xara
t^/dojwi/, a<^'
dvoiTeptu
8e d.vhpidvTe<; ecTTTjKacni'
mu
vcrrepou
ovofxara ea^ou at
<f}vXai-
ocrTi<i
8e KaTearyjcTaTo Se'^a
(r(f)icn
dpTL Tcrcrdpo)v
(f>vXd<; eivai
Kal fxeredeTO
/cat
ra ovofxara
KaXovcn yap
ravrd
Icttiv elprjfxeva.
ovtcj
(T(f)d<;
rwp
'Ai'Tto^o?
'H/aa/cXet
lire
T(x)v
r^9
Atag 6 TeXa/xwi/o?, eV Se
eponymous heroes"; liere was men drawn for miliCopies
was kept burning on the hearth and where the presiding officers of the Council of Five Hundred dined togetlier daily at the public expense, and offered sacrifices and libations (Arist. Resp. Ath. 43; Dem. 19, 190). Another name for the building, Skias or " umbrella,"
is
of the
were here posted for public inspection (Dem. 20,94 24,23). So too the names of men who deserved
;
C.I. A.
tanes,
The chairman (epislates) of the prywho kept the keys of the sanctuaries containing public treasures and records, was compelled to remain in the
Tholus during his twenty-four hours
of office, along with colleagues, chosen
and likewise the names of traitors (Isoc. 5, 38). It was a high distinction to have one's statue erected near the Eponymi (Lucian, Anach. Cf. Wachsmuth. Stadt Athen, 17).
569),
II,
387-390.
5.
oVtis 8c KareoTTJ:
o-ttTO
cf.
8Ka dvrl
5,
Hdt.
00, 09.
In
1,
29,
I'ausa-
by himself
(Arist.
Soc-
nias
names Cleisthenes
as the founder
commission from the Thirty Tyrants to go to Salamis and arrest one Leon (Plat. Apol. 32 c, i>); here the standard weights and measures were kept (C.I. A. II, 470, 1. 37 ff.). Cf. Wachsnmth, Stadt Athen, II, 315rates here received a
320.
of the
new
tribal division.
There were
and Arthese
into ten
gadeis.
Clei.sthenes
abolished
The date
The
3.
was
in the
statues
the site of this group of was doubtless on the slope of the Areopagus above {avwripw) and not far away from the Buleuterium and Tholus. Aristotle (Resp. Ath. 5.'>)
Kao-iv
T)p<d(i>v
507 n.c.
official
ten
order, were
in their
follows
pothontis, Aiantis
and Antiochis.
Cf.
Mommsen,
449-480;
Philologus.
XLVII
(1889),
of ephcbi
was
set
up "
in front of
W.
S.
Ferguson,
Cornell
52
'
AOrjvaLcou Aeojg
Sovvai 8e
iirl
'Epe^^^ev?
re'
ianv
ev rot?
15
09 ivLKiqcrev 'EXevcnvLov? H^^XV '^^^ '^^^ rjyovfxeuou oLTTeKTeivev 'IfXfxdpaSov tov EvixoXttov Atyev? re ecrrt
/cai
v60o<5 /cat
'A/cct^a?.
rcot'
T^crea)? TratSwt'
etSo^'
yap
/cat rovrcot' 3
TLjxfj
ov/c
yap
rjp^^.
KeKpoxjj,
Si^
Kat vcTTcpo^, os
Kat
fjieTutKrjcrev e? EuySotaz^,
Kat
6
i^aaikevaev o
re
'EpL^Ooptov
/cat
KeKpoTTO? rou
ot
25 crai/Tog eV
el)(e
crvveKTrLTrTovcnv ol TratSeg.
Stoi'a
jLtei'
to
it.
See
Abh.
.
. .
I, 4()r).
irporcpos
qple KKpo<|/
naming one
surrendered
for
sacrifice
his
three
had
in
mind
the
first
Cecrops, re-
puted
to be earth-born, half
man and
maidens
of their
own
double, Cecrops
II,
themselves as victims.
Tlie sacrifice
was effectual, the famine left the land, and the Athenians ever after worshiped tlie heroic maidens in a shrine in the
Agora, called the Leocorium. This became one of the famous places of
and successor of Erechtheus (Paus. 7, 1, 2), who was "a mere genealogical
stop-gap" (Frazer).
<r(\eu<rv /crX.
5.
:
21. IlavSCwvcPa3,
cf.
ApoU.
14,6-8;
15,
Pandion
of Erichtho-
nius,
whom be succeeded,
and a Naiad,
20;
6, 57).
It is
frequently
Hence
it
is
strange that
was father of Procne and Philomela, and of Erechtheus and Butes. Pandion II was the son of Cecrops II and Metiadusa; he succeeded liis father, was
ATTIC KINCS
Ch.5, 5
53
e/c
KaXovfxepo) (XKOTreXco-
oi 8e TratSe? /cartao'i re
to>v
^
MeyaayaOco
\6y)vai(ov
Aiyeu?
Bvyarepa^ 8e ou
cru^'
ciTr'
avTwv
Kairoi
Swa/xew? ye
77/369 toi/
Hpa/ca to
/c^Sos iiroLTJaaTO.
dW ouSet?
\4yovcriv
(o<;
Trjpev^; (tvpolvojjlov
Spacra?
IlavStoi^t 8e Kal
aXXo?
ianv
OtSe
40 8e
dp^aioiv
vaTepov
IlroXe/Ltatou
rov
AtyuTrrtov
e'9
Kat
Kar'
e'/xe
1^817
/SacrtXew?
'A8/3tai'oi) rrj? re
ro
iXdovTo^ koI
T(ov dp^^ojxevojv
e'9 e'?
evhaLfxovcav
^ei^
<T^op,evov.
45
Kat
8e
TToXefiov ovheva
'E^patov?
expelled,
roi*?
vTrep
in
Megara.
I
new tribes,
Ps.-Dem.
as the
34.
28) regarded
Pandion
eponymous
:
hero.
(I'^Xav x|<rxwvv
10,4,
8.
honor of Demetrius and Antigonus (Pint. Deni. the Demetrias and the Anligo10) nis. They were later abolished, probc. in
The myth of Tereus transformed into a hoopoe, and of Procne and Philomela, who became a nightingale and a swallow, is familiar from the Birds of Aristophanes.
Cf. Apoll. 3, 14, 8
;
ably in 201
is.c.
of Asklepios, p. 143).
generally
Eustath.
named after Ptolemy I'hiladelphus between 285 and 247 b.c, the limits of
his reign
;
on Od.
later writers,
According to was Procne who became a swallow, and Philomela a nightingale, whereas Tereus was transformed into a hawk. So Verg. Georg. 4, 15, 511 Ov. Met. 0,424-475; Hyg. Fab. 45. 40. 4{>vXds 'Att6lKov kt\. PanT, 518, p. 1875.
however,
it
XXX,
niais
481
was
honor of Ptolemy Euergetes. The tribe Attalis was created in 200 n.c, when Attains I visited Athens (Polyb. 10,
25;
Pau.s.
1,
is
8,
1,
etc.).
Tlie tribe
in
lladrianis
mentioned frequently
54
oTTocra he decov
/cat
dp)(y]<;,
tol
8e
i'rreKocrixrjcrei'
as
TToXecrti/
tw^'
'
^ap^dpcov
rots
50
Serjdelcni',
ecmv
ol irduTa
yeypap.p.eva
Adijuycnv iu
Tw
ArraXot'
/cat
Urokepiaiov
(fiTJixrjv
i^Xt/cta
re
7)1/
dp^aio-
repa,
oj?
jLt-]^
avTOiv, Kat ol
avyyevoirporepov
eTTrjXOe
tmv epycov
/cat
/cat
ra rwi'Se
6 Si^XotJcrat
/cat
7^
w?
e? rov? irarepas
/cat rwi^ irpocroi-
Mvcrwv
Adyov
dXXa
re
vofxC^ovcn-
Tr)v
ydp
ol fJLr]Tpa
e^ovaav
eV yacrrpl SoBrjvau
yvvoLKa
ei^ ttJ
IlroXejaatoi^
Se XeyovcTLv
d|xvvai,
this statement
is
6,
Pausanias interrupts
11, 3-8), who says that the incident occurred not in the territory of the
7, 3)
mies;
pendent Indian
there
is
resumed
mention of the statue of Ptolemaeus Fhilometor occasions a brief digression on his history (0, 1-3).
the
4.
jjiot
.
no truth
in the
statement that
on
this occasion
lirfjXOe 8ri\wo-ai
"it oc-
lished
curred to
Pausanias.
3
;
me" a
;
favorite phrase of
the action.
9,
5,
r,,
4,
26, 3
:
8, 17, 4.
9.
)(^ovo-av v -yao-TpC
13.
\i\v
tois s'Apu8aiov
:
sanias
2, 22,
dvTKrrds
cf.
Justin, 13, 2, 11
who
on
made
this occasion.
HISTORY OF PTOLKMY
Ch.
6,
55
*Apt.haLOv TOP
15
^tXCmTov
avTos
8e
avTo<;
fxaXicTTa iyevero
e? e?
vefi7)07]i>aL.
diTKTLvep, ou (TaTpaTTveLP
hpo<;,
/cat
lAaKehovoiv tov<;
KOfjiL^eLv
20
Atya?
pofxa) Tip
MaKeSovcov eOairrev iv
ola Se iin(TTdixeuo<;
to
iinjyeTO 'A/DtSatot'
T'fj<;
'Voi^dviq';
'O^vdp-
25
TOV yeyoi'ora
/cat
'AXe^at'Spou,
rw
^ovXevev
dcfyeXecrdat ry)v iv
/cat
AlyvTTTO) ^acriXeiav
i^o)a6ei<;
8e AtyvTrTOf
p.evo<;,
ra
e? iroXefxov Tl
ou^
<?
6/>tot6>9
6avp.at,6r
Stay8^\i7/xeVo9
8e
/cat
aXXw?
tou? MaKe8oi^a9,
YlToXe^xalov 8e avTiKa 4
koL tovto
^
oj? dp.vvovp.evo';
\\vTiyovov.
/cat
Kao"-
AvTiirdTpov
/cat
AvcTLjxa^ov ftaaiXevovTa iv
(f)vyr)v
OevTa.
^AvTLyovo^ 8e
Teioj?
TrapaaKevfj iroXepiOv
Strabo,
hav-
pomp from
Babylon to Memphis, the remains of Alexander were finally brought to Alexandria and laid in a magnificent tomb, where funeral games were celebrated in his honor and he was afterwards worshiped as a hero. Paus. 1, 7, 1,
says this was under Ptolemy Philadel-
up
to
posed in a crystal
cofiin whii-ii
replaced
Nothing
pearance.
35.
is
known
X^-yuv
.
of
its
final disap-
<})vyTiv
.tvai: the
(i.
same
construction
in 1, 32,
56
eTret
Se eg Al^vtjv
Kvprjvaioju,
invdero
40
(TTpaTevetv YlToXefialou
d(f)(rTr)K6T(ov
T(o
TratSt,
iirl
rfkiKiav [xev
veco
(jypovelv
Se
tj
TJhrj
SoKovvTi, Kara^aivei
top 'FXkijcnroi'Tov.
irpiv Se
Sta-
VTTO
YlToXefxaLov
p^d^r)
KeKpaTrjadaL
Trj's
i^rjprjTpio<^
Se
ovre
tote Se yjKovra
e'g
aWi^
avTov UroXepaiov
eVtSta/Scti^ra eviKrja-e-
^vyovra Se avrov
d<^iK6pevo<i klv-
e? AiyvTTTov ^ Avriyov6<i re
Ket /cat ArjpyJTpLO^;.
Kara
TlToXepalo^; Se
tt^i^
Trai'
Swov
iirl
SteVwo'ei^ o/xw?
55 /iov.
'Ai^rtyoi^o? Se AiyviTTOv
twj^ napovTcov
ovSepiav
vavcTLu ecrreiXev,
(o<;
et ot
npocryeuoLTo
rj
vrjcro<;
aXXa
/cat i-mre^vTJaeL';
Cf. Diod. 20, 47-53;
17,
etc.,
irapecr^ovTO
Plut.
Dem. 152,
Dem.
5, etc.,
and
ff.
and Droysen,
.
II,
.
125-
Droysen, Gesch.
years old.
d. Hell. II, 2,
40
137.
51. 'AvrC-yovos
:
iroXi6pKi
Demetrius was at this time twenty-two He gave battle to Ptolemy at Gaza and was defeated in 312 n.c.
48.
Kal
Ai]|i'<^Tpios kt\.
Atiii^rpios
irXtvo-as
Kv-irpov
kt\.: not
however
in 311, after
an
in-
Egypt occurred in 306 b.c. and the memorable siege of Rhodes 305-304 r.c. The Rhodians gave Ptolemy the title Soter in recognition of tlie assistance he gave them
pedition
against
at
this
time.
Cf.
Plut.
2,
146-174.
HISTORY OF PTOLEMY
Ch.
C,
57
60 9
ixeajf;
'liPTiyouoq Se 'PdSou re
vcnepov
/cat
Kacrcrai/Spo) re koX
SeXevKov crrpaTLa,
T179 Svi^ct/xew?
a.TTcuXeo'e
to ttoXv kol
05
/xctXtcrra
rw
ixrjKet
tov
77/309
TroXefxov.
tcov he ^aaiXecov
twv KadeXovTOjp
\\pTi-
St' 'Ai^-
TYju
eir'
TToXefxtjcrcjv
'
dvhpa
9
evepyeTrjv.
dirodapovTO^ Se
AvTi.y6vov
Kat
Uvppov
TT^i^
SeaTTpcoTiha rjireipov
KvpT]vr]<; Se ciTro-
(TTd(Tr]<;
Ma'ya9
Bepe^'t/c^79 V109
Se 6
to"T<y
rot'
iraTepa
/ce-
KTr)pPO<^, 69
Trj
Tra'ihoiv Bepei/t/CT79
(TvveTreixxpev
e'9
AtyvTTToi^.
dvTiTd|a<r0ai
T179
yvvaLKoq epaade\<;
6
Gl. 'AvrC-yovos
(ri|xdx<it is
olKlrjs
To\|x^(ras
8;
o, 27,
7;
70.
5, 12, .3;
Ipsus in Phrygia in 301 n.c. Antigonus was killed, his kingdom went to pieces, and the result of the battle was the four independent kingdoms of GasSander in Macedonia, Lysimachus in Thrace, Seleucus in Syria, and Ptolemy in Egypt. The kingdom of Ly-
EupvSCKT]
BepeviKr]s kt\.:
is
not
was a grand-niece
Antipater.
lip,
Her children by her first husband, I'hiwere Magas and Antigone, the wife
Pyrrhus
(Pint.
of
Pyrr. 4);
her chil-
Pint.
II, 2,
Dem. 28
215-219.
etc.,
and Droysen,
4, 76, el
probably
in
309 or 308.
until 283.
Ptolemy Philain
285;
75. lo-Tw
cf.
Herod.
wv TavTrjs
Lagus lived
58
/cat
w? ^u
ol TrXyjcriov
d(j)
rj
TeXevnj,
AlyviTTov ^aaikeveiv,
ov Ka\ 'Ad-q-
IcTTiv
Tj
(f)vXy],
yeyovora
e/c
^epevLKr)<; dXX'
ovk eV
OuT09
oevrepa 8e
Xeyerai,
r)v
doe\(f)oi' direKTeivev
Apyalov i-m^ovkevovTa,
a)<;
/cat
rov 'AXe|'ai'8/3ou
Ik
Me)a<^too9
direKTetve Se
d<j)i-
Maya?
Trj<^ e/c
lipeuLKr]<;
iyeyopec
kcli
d^tw^et? iTTLTpoireveLV
oe
dXXco? Se dy^'wo'rou
ez^o?
Toi)
Syjfxov
rdre
St)
ovro? 6 Mctyag
rjXavpep
(f)pa^d- 2
in
AiyvTTTOv.
iir/SoXrjv
p.evo<;
Maya
e'5
Se dvrayye'XXeSe Al^vcov ol
MappapiSa^/cat
etcrt
MappapiBaL
XdacreTO
eTre'cr^ev.
rotv vopdhoiv.
rdre ^ei'
Kvpyjprjv dirrjX-
TlToXep,aloi>
Se
dpvveaO at Mdyav,
eg rerpa/ctcr^t-
Karaa^^lu AiyvirTov,
iroTapov.
/cat ot p-e//
noe.
1.
'Ap(riv6T]s
first
d8\<)>fis
kt\.
Arsinoe was
married some
After
Ptolemy Philadelphus, is not definitely known, but an Egyptian inscription shows they were already married 273272 h.c. Cf. A. AViedemann, Philol.
machus (Droysen,
II, 2, 230).
XLVII
ment
sister
(1889), 84.
Pausanias' state-
in
which
Lysimachus fell, she married her halfbrother, Ptolemy Ceraunus. The date
tians
HISTORY OF PTOLEMY
Ch.
8, 1
II
59
evravOa dircoXouTO
1^817
tov Xtfiov
Maya9
8e
yvvaxKa
e)((ov
eiTiLcrep *Avtlo)(^ov
Trapa^dvTa a? 6
77/309
craTO
(rvi>0TJKa<;
UToXefxalou iXavuecu in
AiyviTTov.
Sieirefjixpeu
25 (opixrjp,evov Se
<;
AvTioyo^,
tol<; p,ev
dcrdevecTTepoLq
Xr)-
ctt pareveLv
in AiyvTrTOv.
30 tog
vavTiKov ecTeiXev
/cat
in
'Ai/ri-
yovov
Ma/ce8ot'a9
fxeya
nalSe^ iyevovTo i^
rrju 8e
ol (TwoiKijcracrav dSeX^i^i^
35 d7T"at8a, /cat vop,6<;
KareXa^eu
avTrjq
'
tl
nporepov dnodavelv
iariv
dn
ApcnpoLTy]^ Atyvvrrtotg.
1
'
ATTatret 8 6
Xoyog hrjXaxraL
/cat
A6y]vaioL^.
;
dvrjp
1, ."0,
MaKehwv
3,
a-n-iKpivev 6
:
Philo
2,
^KiXevaev 6 \6yos
\6yoi.
303, etc.
34. a8X({>T]v KaTcXa^cv
. .
.
rd
Cf. 1,
IL G;
3,
expression, e.g.
5; 9, 5, 14
;
1,
29, G; 2, G, 3; 3, 10,
Ildt. 2, 53;
The
10, 1.
dotean,
larly,
cf. Ildt. 3,
SimiV
we
4
find
ij
reXevrrj,
rb xp^'^^i
ireirpufiivri,
as subject of KaroKaix^dvetv.
;
So
1, 11,
13, 5; 20, 7
3, 13.
Still
Cf.
;
1, 9,
3; 2,
9,
4; 20, G
8.
22, 2
Attalus
Statues:
30, 7
34, 5.
by Philetaerus, a eunuch of I5ilhynia, who was left by Lysimaclius in charge of his treasuiy on the Acropolis of I'ergamus. Pliiletaerus later went over to Seleucus when the latter defeated and killed Lysimachus in 281 u.c, and after the murder of Seleucus in 280 he
.succeeded in continuing master of the
fortress
Amphiaraus,
Eirene, Lycurgus,
CaUia.% Demosthe-
and
its
treasures.
When
he
nes
Sunrtuarij of Ares with statius adjacent Ilartuodius and Aristugitoa The Odeum.
1.
died in 203 he
left liis
in po.ssession of
was .succeeded
in
in 241 h.c.
'AiraiTti 8c 6 Xo-yos
cf.
G,
1,
2,
60
AoKt/xo?
vcrrepov
5
avrov
/cal
to,
'^pyjixara,
Srj
^ikeTaipov Ila(f)\ay6pa
e^X^^ evvov)(OP.
ocra fxkv
ydyeTO, ecrrat
6 8e Arra-
Xo9 'ArraXou
Se ^LXeraipov, tt)v
jxeyucTTOP
oe
ol T(ov
epyoiv
FaXara? yap
e?
ri^i^
yrjv rju
en Kai
9eci)v, 2
Mera
'
AfXffyidpao'i
Yjlpyjvrj
(f)epov(ra
UXovtov
TralSa.
ivravda
title
of king
and
reigned as Attains
13. 'A(i({>idpaos
:
I.
woman
left
ogy.
Sept.
Cf.
Od.
ff.
;
0,
243,
352
Aesch.
etc.
arm a
coins.
587
Eur.
the
Supp. 925,
naked boy.
He was one
of
"Seven
against
Thebes," the hero whom the earth swallowed up with his four-horse charplace
Connn. on Pans.
147,
and
plates.
evravOa
Kovs
p.
:
The was afterwards called Harma, i.e. the chariot, and is one of the famous sites of Gi'eece, on the road from
iot
up
if dyopq., in
recognition of his
1,
34;
0,
8,
by a decree
of Stra-
Two
frag-
this
2),
(9, 0,
great Praxiteles.
was probably
set
up
Leucas and the conclusion of peace between Athens and Sparta in 374 li.c, as from that date Peace (Eip-ovrj) was worshiped as a goddess (Isoc. 15, It is now 109; Nepos, Timoth. 2).
generally accepted that the so-called
ments of an inscription containing the decree have been found. See Harrison, Ancient Athens, pp. 70-72, who also tells of the fragments of the pedestal found in 1888, with the inscription AvKoOpyos AvK^dippovos Bo[uTd5r;s. Lycurgus deserved well of his country for his public works as well as for his financial administration. He com:
and walled in the Panathenaic stadium, and built the gynniasium of the
STATUE OF DEMOSTIIKNES
Ch.
8,
Gl
KvKovpyo^
15
T KCtTat
^aXKOv? 6
AvK6(f)pouo<; /cat
t6l<^
KaXXtag, 09
'
Trpos
EXX-qo'Li',
w? AdijpaLojp
8e Kat Ar)fxoTpoL^y]i>o<;
ol TToXXol
(T6evr}<i,
ecm
ov is
KaXavpeiav 'AdrjualoL
rrju
irpo
VTjcrov
TO hevTcpop
(f)vye,
eu6a
Sr]
ttiojv
<j)d.pp.aKov
(f)vydSa re
KXXrjva
^ta?.
ocroi
6 Se 'Ayo^ta? ovToq
(^3ov/3tos
irpiv
rot?
EXXTycrt to
25 TTTaZ(Tp.a (jo)
Lyceum under
;
AT]|j.0(r6vT]s
r..c.
this
statue
was
arsenal of rhiio
was
built,
and
all
the
erected 280-279
on a decree moved
14.
KoXXias
kt\.
Callias
so-called
Peace of Cimon which, according to a tradition of the fourth century and later, was concluded with Persia in
445
B.C.,
by Demochares, nephew of the orator (Ps.-Plut.vit.xOr. pp. 847 o and 850< ). The sculptor was Polyeuctus. The statue was of bronze, and represented the orator standing with his hands locked in each other. The site was
TrXrjaiov
fiw/iwd
toO
vepicxoivlff/xaTO^
Kal
rou
Twv
8u>SfKa OeCbv.
Pint.
Dem. 31
near.
Aegean
sea,
says a
large
plane-tree stood
approach within three days' march or one day's ride of the sea. Cf. Dem. 10, 273; Diod. 12, 4; Plut. Cimon, 18,
etc.
statue in the
supposed
to
be a copy, with
Cf. P.
some
d. k.
Herodotus
(7,
Callia-s was sent to Persia, but neither he nor Thucydides mentions such a treaty. It is intrinsically improbable
XVHI
(1903),
Heft
25.
The
altar of the
Twelve
statue,
that
if
it
made
allude to
it (c.
Theopompus
in
mocracy.
7;
(i,
(5;
Ildt. 2,
108; C.I.A.
1078, etc.,
II,
and
434-
Even
it.
J'ausanias
IG.
tern
62
ArjixocrOeveL jxkp
rj
irpo^ \\.dr]-
dyav evvoLa e? tovto i)^(i>pr](Tev ev Se (jlol XeXe'^^at SoKCt av^pa d(^et8aj9 eKireaovTa is Tro\iTeiav koI incrTa rjyqvaCovs
ixtj-rroTe
/caXw? reXevrrJcrat.
^Apew?
Icttlv 4
lepov, evda
dyaXfiaTa Svo
to Se tov
"Apecus
oVojLia Se
avrw
Ao Kpos-
inoirjcrav Se ot vratSe? ol
35
Upa^LTekovs'
'
rrepl Se
tov vaov
AttoXXcov dvaSovjxevos
.
Taivia Trjv
kojjltjv,
aXXa
re
evpojxevos
TTapd
Adr]vai(x)v /cat
tt^i^
30.
"Apews
is
tcTTiv
Upov
the shrine of
Ares
of
Ares
(cf.
S.Q.
XV,
23).
The
It
site is
two images an Athena of Locrus of Paros, otherwise unknown, and a statue of Enyo, by the sons of Praxiof Aphrodite,
teles (cf. 8, 30, 10
St
;
probably
9, 12, 4).
34.
irepl
:
on the south side of the Agora, along the nortli slope of the Areopagus. Various sites have been conjectured, but none convincingly. It was certainly not far {ov irbppw) from the statues of Harmodiusand Aristogiton, and on, or adjacent to, the Areopagus. 31. TO Se TOV "Aptcos eiroirjo-ev *A\KaFurtwangler (Meisterw. pp. )ji^vT)s 121-128) argues that the Borghese
TOV vaov
ffTd<riv
'HpaKXfjs kt\.
round the temple Pausanias mentions five statues, one a god, Apollo, two heroes, Heracles and Theseus, and two mortals, Calades and Pindar. Few particulars are given. Of Calades nothing further is known. The poet Pindar was represented Kad-fjuevos ev evdv/j.aTi
Kal Xvpa dtdSri/j,a
va.T(j}v
ix^^
i^"-'-
^t''-
''''^^
7"-
Ares,
now
in the
Louvre,
is
a replica
Epist. 4, 3).
The date
of the statue
was
it
of Alcaraenes's
the
of
to be.
Cf.
Roscher, Lexicon,
489
Friederichs-
heaped on Pindar because of his eulogium of the city. He had addressed Athens as " bright and glorious Athens, pillar of Greece "
(Frag. 54, ed.
Pausa-
Bergk).
II,
Cf.
Wachs-
402, 407.
63
kol
'ApicTTOo
TTOLTJaa^;.
ov
noppco
oe
karacnv
'Apfjiohio^;
40 yeiTOiv ol
KTeLuavTe<;
iTTirap^ov
8e avhpiavTOiv ol /xeV
etcrt
Kptrtov
"Bep^ov 8e, w?
'AOtjva^ ckXi-
/cat
rovrov? are
45
Xafpvpa,
Tou dedrpov 8e o
rd avrd UroXep^aloL
6v6p,ara p.ev
^rj
Kara
/cat
dWr]
Be iTTLK\7]cn<; dXXco
50
yap ^iXoprjropa KaXovcrL /cat <E>tXa8eX(^oi/ Tov Adyov Sojrrjpa rrapa^ovroiv 'Vohioiv to
oO.
Kttl
erepov, rov 8e
ovopia.
rwv
8e
ov iroppb)
8c carrdo'iv 'ApiioSios
*Api<rTO'yiTwv
ktX.
it
has been
by a new group fashioned by Critius and Isesiotes (I'ar. Chron. 1. 370 Lu;
already noticed
of
tliat
tion of the
Antenor
two
about opposite the Metrouni, on the way up to the Acropolis. Other evi-
The
the
finest
famous
dence is to the effect that they stood in a conspicuous place used for festivals known as the " orchestra " (Tim.
Lex. Plat, and Phot. Lex.
ffrpa).
Museum.
It is still
a moot question
s.v.
opxi-
082 speak of them as being in the Agoia. The "orchestra" was doubtless .someAr. Lys.
(iSo
and
P^ccles.
whether the Naples statues reproduce the group of Antenor or that of Critius and Nesiotes. For the discussion
of this, see J'razer,
4G.
II, 93-01).
Tov Ocdrpov
Sc 6 KaXovo'iv 'HiSci-
where
off
ov
up three imporin
The
the
tioned,
three,
14,
1
;
number
and
(1)
of
Odeums
Athens,
fashioned by the
sculptor
Antenor
men1,
;
7, 19, 2, etc.)
Pausanias names
20, 4
They were carried off by Xerxes 480 b.c. and were finally sent
510
li.c.
(2)
and
7,
(3)
the
Odeum
of Ilerodes Atticus,
back to Athens by Alexander the Great (Arr. Anab. 3, 16, 8 Pliny, N. H. 34, 70) or by Seleucus (Val. Max. 2, 10) or by Antiochus (Pans. 1, 8, 5). In the
;
20, G.
As
tity
and
here men-
tioned
is
mean
64
erroivvyiOLf;
iTTOLr]crdixr]v,
irXyjcriou
oe ol
/cat
'ApaLv6r]<;
i
9 Trjs dSe\(f)rj<;
icmv
elKcov.
iTTLK\r)(TLv
im
9
rj
^Xevacr/xw. ov
yap Tiva
Toaov^e
ixTJTrjp
vtto
p,r]Tp6<;,
irporepov 8e
Trjq 8e is
TOV TratSa
/cat
Trj
KXeoTrarpa
SvcrvoLa<i
ort
KaTTjKoov
ecreaOai [xdXXov
10
'AXe^avhpov
TTXr]9ov<i,
eireidev
AlyviTTLOvs'
SevTepa e?
Trjv
e? to ttX-^0o<;
^ov9 Totavra
eKeivov
Trad6vTa<;.
ol
Se
'AXe^avSpels
cr(f)ds
ttol-
ecfidacrev
ein^ds
'AXe^avSpov rfKovra
e/c
l^virpov
rj
ovvraL
9.
^acrtXea.
KXeondTpav Se
irepLyjXdev
Slkt)
tyJs 3
Ptolemy Philometorandhismothcr
Cleopatra
Statues
of Philip, Alex,-
nias's idea.
and
Lysimachus
X
Soter
would rather meet PausaBut his explanation is a mistake, as ^iXo/xi^rwp was an official title and could not be a nickname.
M-qrpdcpiXos
5.
ovk
cl'a
it
irpoTtpov Si
-irpd-
^acra:
is
a frequent occurrence in
in
Pausanias
fiiv
Lathyrus
est
was the
eldII,
to
5^,
re
ovre
ovre,
dre
son of Ptolemy
IX Euergetes
etre,
to
have
and succeeded
his father in the 208th year of the Lac;idae = 117-110 n.c. lie reigned 117-108 and 89-81 n.c
o.
-irl
ticiple,
but
is
in the second the iinite verb have the reverse of thi.s, as here, extremely rare. Cf. 1, 12, 1 2, 18,
;
to
3; 10,
7,
1
;
7,
10
19, G
HISTORY OF LYSIMACHUS
Ch.9, 5
65
\\Xe^di'hpov, oV avrrj
ySactXeueti'
enpa^ev AxyvTrrioiv.
KoX 'AXe^dphpov
Xe/ittto?
ovtoj YIto-
KarrjXOe
to
hevrepov
ecr^ev
AlyviTTOv
koI
T7/8atot9
eTToX4p,r)(T(.v
diToaTdcn,
TTapa.(TTy)(Tdp,evo<i
oj?
Se eret
25 TpLT(p fierd
Tr)u
dwoaTaaiu
Trj<;
iKdKcocrep,
py]Se
viroixprjixa
XeK^Orjvai Hrj^aCoi,^
irore
evSaifxovLaq TrpoeXOovarjS e?
TroXv)(^prj-
ToaovTOu
cJ?
ixdrov;, to re
fialov
30
Upov to
IlroXerj
fiev
KadiJKOvcra-
vn avTov
Tra06vTe<; ev iroXXd re
fxovr]
yvqaia
re Kat 'AXe^avhpos 6
ttoj?
tj
KelvTai-
tovtol<;
toI<;
fiei^ova
fiep
virrfp^e
aXXov
re
ovv
dn
AlyvirTov
TLfxfj
yeyovacnv at
hfopeai, ^PtXimro)
he
/cat
eVet Kat
ojg
e?
ra irapovTa
'AX^a^^
Spou
KaSeip^as is
ovv dXXa
TJhr]
oiKiqyia
TeXevTr^cravTos he 'AXe^dvhpov
Wpaelev
MaKehoauv,
ocrojv rjp^ev
40.
is
'AXe^avhpos
:
/cat
ert
is
irpoTepov ^lXittttos
'O
Si
AvirL^a\os ktX.
this story
15, 3,
told at length
by Justin,
and
17,
it
referred to
by
Plut.
Dem.
27, Pliny,
1,
N.H.
calls
8, 54, etc.
Q. Curtius, 8,
66
S'
fxeydXr).
HpaKcou Se tmu
fxyj
dvd pwiroiv on
koX
KeXrot
dkko
edvo<^
eV avTe^erdt^ovTi,
'Pw/xatojt'
50 TTO)
TTpoTcpo';
Bpct/ca?
KaTecrrpe^aTo
'Pct>/xatot9
virep^dWov
cr(f)Lcri, ret
xj)v)^o<?
kul
oe d^iOKT-qra
r>
KOL TovTOJV.
TOTE he 6 AvcTijota^o?
55 K(j}v iiToXefx-qcreu
rera? iaTpdrevcrev
TToXefxcov,
dpidixw Se Kal
viTep^e^XrjKoaiv, auros
Se'
/xej/
ol vrat?
'Aya-
Avo"t)aa^o? Se
dXctxTLu
/cat
TOV
7rai.So9
Trapepyo)
Trj<;
TTOLO-ufxeuof;
dp)(rj<^
Trj<s
crvveOeTo
irpo^
ApofXi^^^aLTrju
elprjviqv,
re
/cat
avTov rd
(jvvoLKtaa<;
irepav
Icrrpov Trapei?
rw
Se
Terr)
OvyaTepa
dvdyKTj TO irXeov
65
ol
Aya6oKXeov<; ra
Se eiravriXOev,
YlToXefJiaLov
co?
re
7
oucra^'.
Acriav
koI
/cat
tt^v
dp^rfv
tyjv
AvTiyovov (TvyKaOelXe.
vvv ttoXlv,
Cf. Droysen,!!,
70 (TvvwKicre Se
'Ec^ecrtwt'
a^pt
daXdo-crr}'? ttjv
68.
15.
8u'Ptj
-irl
TTiv 'Ao-av
in 302
u.c.
c.
Lysimachus entered
258, rem.
1.
From
Croe.sus to Alex-
ander the Great the city had clustered about the temple of Artemis. Lysi-
momentous battle
.
machus
on a new
site
thrown.
.
. .
70.
'E<|><rC(i>v
TTiv
vvv iroXiv
the refounding of
move
into
it.
He
called the
new
HISTORY OF LYSIMACHUS
ch.n, s
67
dXojaiv.
'Kpfjir)cndi>a^ Se
TO,
ifxol
hoKeiu Trepirjv
TrdvTO)^
ydp
75 TTOu
coSvparo.
Aucrt-
\iaKi-
Zov
(fivXd^as
8e e^ 'HTretpou diTLOuTa,
rd noXXd
"UneLpop koI
ifxot
ra Se evTevOev
icmv
80
ov
TTLCTTd, ^lepdivvfJio^
Se
e-ypaxjje
KapSLavo^
Avcrifxa^^ov ra?
6 Se
lepcopv-
0TJKa<; TO)v
/u,o9
iKplxjjac.
0VT09
aWco?
So^a^'
npo^
drrd'^deiav ypd\\tai
TO)v
^aatXecov
ttXyju
t^eaOai
dpSpa MaKe^ova
Sij irov
Kpo)v dveXeiv.
Ilvp/aov
(T(f)d<i
koX Avcri/xa^o<? ov
^
TTpoyouov^ p.6vov
kol
/cat T(ou
AiaKLhcju rd Trpos
re vcTTepov Yivppov
TT/ao?
Xa/croi/
aXXr^Xou? yevdcrO ai
o'c^tcrt.
rw
Se 'lepco-
aXXa
r^f
e'9
Avcrifxay^ov iyKXrjfxaTa,
dvT
B^aKta? ^eppovrjcrov.
p.
72.
took a prominent part in the politics of the age. In 320 n.c. he headed an
359 E
11, p.
495 d, k
12, p.
530e.
Eumenes.
He
the death of
in that year,
80. 'Ifp<&w|ios
KapSiavos: Hie-
ronymus
the Cardian
composed a
his-
He
500
ff.
68
10
Aucrt/Act^w 8e
iirl fiev
7rpo9
Ma/ceTrj<;
7repLe\0ov(Trj<;
8e
e's
ArjfXTJTpiou top
Avnyovov
dp)(rjs,
5
ivTavOa
ov
yjSr]
Ayjfx'qTpLov Koi
(TToiixevos
TTarpcoov cVt.
Ar^jaT^T/otoj
vpocnrepL^dWecrOaL
ideiy tl iSeXeiv
Kol
oifxa
e? Ma/ceSoi^tai^ jxeTdiTefji(o<s
TTTov VTTO
Se d(f}LKTO, avTov
re
10
^AXe^auSpou
kol
e^ovTa dvT
iKeCvov tyjp
MaKehoPiov
'
dp)(T]v.
tovtojv
Aix(f)LTr6keL Trap*
6\iyov
SpdKr)<;, dfxv-
vavTo<; 8e ol
Hvppov
ttjv re
^paK-qv
KaTecr)(^e
kol vcrrepou
to 8e ttoXv MaKeSovia^;
avTos Ilvppo<;
15
i^ ^Hneipov kol
77/309
Av(TLp,a^ov ev rw irapovTi
SiafidpToq 69
ri^t'
eTriTrj^eiois-
ArjfjirjTptov 8e
11.
4,
cf. 1, 13,
1,
Trap'
6X170;'
fiiv
6;uws ^ko;'ti.
. . .
13,
(5,
thocles by
Arsinoe and
its
Consequences
6\iyov
^\0ev eXeTv
ri]v irdXiv.
in the
Family of Lysimachus
His
2.7,
\, ffua-fxos
eprj/jiov.
:
oXiyov ttjv
irdXii'
wolr]aev
ot IIvp-
Death in the Struggle against Seleucus. the three sons of 2. Tv iraCSwv Cassander, king of Macedon, who sue:
dv5pu)f
d|ivvavTos 8^
n.c.
pow ktX.
in
288
ceeded him one after the other on the throne, were Philip, Antipater, and
Alexander.
dpxfjs
:
3.
irepitXOovo-r^s
in
dis-
who
siege
Phit.
Rhodes, became master of Macedonia, October, 294. Alexander, then king of Macedonia, had intended
to assassinate Demetrius, but
trius anticipated him.
id.
Pyrrhus, 11
In 280 n.c.
11,2,296-298.
dered to him.
Droysen, Demetrius
Cf. Plut.
;
DemeDem.
1
He
died in captivity,
30
ff.
id.
Pyrrhus, 6
II, 2,
ff.
Justin, 16,
Droysen,
205
ff.
Cf. Plut.
Dem.
HISTORY OF LYSIMACIIUS
Ch.
10,
69
/cat
\p6vov
rj
Hvppov
Avat-
lxd)(ov crvixfjia\La
(TLfJid^a)
yevofxeuov Se
tj
evrt
c^tXta,
KaraaTavTOiv e?
20 TToXefxou Avcrt/Lta^o?
AvTLyovo) re
avrw
Ilvpp(p TTokeynrjcra^
ia)(v,
dva^(ji)py)(Tai
Ma/ceSoi^tai/
Hvppou
^Laaoiixevo<;
e? ttjv "Hneipop.
AvcrLixa)(o<;
25
yap
avrd? re
e/c
AvadvSpa<; Apaivorjv
eyiqyiev dSeXcftrjv
Avaduhpa^.
/u.17
rav-
T7)u Tr)v
Tratcrt,
Avaijxd-
^ov
30
TeXevnjcrai'TO'^ Itt
8e eypaxjjap /cat
w?
'Aya^oKXeov?
vovcra ok
iirl
d(f)LKOLTO
. . .
eg
epcora
'ApaiPOT],
diroTvy^d-
tm
XeyovcTL 8e /cat
devTa VTTO
Tr)<;
fxei^o) (jiiXcop
69 TO ea^aTov.
^
w? yap
Si^
rore 6 Avcri/Lta^o?
Apaivorj TraprJKe,
Avadvhpa
irapd
XeXevKov
e/c8tS/3ao"Kt
row? re TratSa?
.
a^a
ot TrepteXdou
tovto e? nroXe/Ltatoj/
KaTa(f)evyov(TL.
49-52;
2,
id.
XeXevKov
/cat
307-312.
23.
81 cpcora iroXXal <rv|i.({>opa(
:
Justin (17,
liini
4)
says
tliat
Ai-sinoe poisoned
cf. 7,
Strabo
Lysimaclms was
(Frag. Hist.
avdpwirwi'avyx^ai
and
if
7,
mestic troubles
Memnon
our author,
the
by Arsinoe,
first
at-
great riches to
of Selemnus.
Xcvo-ai
.
tempted
to poison Agathocles,
and then
30.
'Apo-iviti
(tX.
:
Pov-
'A-yaGoKXti
the
murder
him.
See Droysen,
II, 2,
321
ff.
70
'AXe^avSpo? rjKo\ov0r]crev,
40
vlo<; jxep
Avcrt/xa^ov, yeyoi/o)? Se
ovi^
e^ 'OSpucrtaSo? yui'at/co?.
ovtol re
e?
Ba^vXwi^a
at'a-
TToXcjaov tt/so?
o) ro,
Avaiyia^ov
^tXeratpo? a/xa,
)(py]fiaTa eneTeTpa(fyepcov
napa
Karakajx^avei
KacKov,
vre/xi/za?
Se KijpvKa rd re
XP^"
5
TTwOavopievo^
e(f)0r)
Sta^a?
eg
'Ao'ta^' /cat
dp^a^ auro?
TToXefxov crvix/BaXdiu re
avToq dnedaveu.
SeXevKW irapd ttoXv re eKpaTyjdr) koI 'AXe^az/Spog Se', 09 e'/c t"^? yvf at/co? 'OSpvAvcravSyaav TTapaLTr]crdfjLvo<;
di^at-
pelrat re
/cat
KapStag
re fjcera^v
IlaKTvr^g.
11
To.
jLte^'
ow
et
'Adr)vaLOL<; Se
77po-
'AXe^avSpw
'AXe'i^ai'Spog
arJKev ovSei^,
*A/3u/3/8ou
5
yot^
ocra
7^1/,
yevo^Se
Ata/ct8ov
yap roG
r^Jg
Ilvp/aog
'OXv/A7rta8og
rag 6 BapvTrof
48. (rv|iPaXwv t
0,770
Se @apu7rov
.
. .
e'g
SeXcvKw
d-ir^-
named
f).
Odeum.
;
6avv: Lysimachus
was defeated and killed in tlae battle of Corypediou in 281 B.C. Appian (Syr. G4) gives two accounts about the finding and care of his body, one that it was found and buried by Thorax, a Pharsalian, the other the account here given by Pausanias.
'Apv^Pq.: Justin
8, G)
says
Arybbas was expelled from his kingdom and died in exile. According
tliat
11. Pyrrhus
his
Ancestry
rotes
2.
Pyrrhus''
ctKwv
.
The
.
.
Kingdom of
s
Epi-
Campaigns.
A. II, 115, he retired to Athens, where he was placed under public protection. G. Gapv-irov Tharypas is mentioned Thuc. 2, 80, G, as being still a child (429 is.c.) under the guard ianship of the regent Sabylinthus. lie was educated at Athens and was the first to introduce Greek laws and customs
to C.I.
among
.'3,
9-13;
all
probability,
among
the
statues
HISTORY OF PYRRHUS
Ch.
11,
71
elcri
yeveaC- Trpajro?
yap
hrj
ovroq
i<;
e? 8e Ty]v
VLireipov
Karapa? ivTavBa
c/c
10 (Tfxcop u>Kr](Te.
e^*
Kai
ol Trat?
p,kv 'EpfXLOvr)*;
IIepyap,os^Aphpo[Jioi)(y]
Toin"a)
yap
2
Uvppov
7rapaS6pTo<i
TTjP
dpx'^p Kearplpos fxep crvp toI<; iOekovaip ^HueLpcoTiop vnep SvafiLP TTOTafiop ^atpap ecrxe, Ilepya/xog Se Sta" Apeiop
hvpacTevoPTa ip
Trj<;
Trj
TevOpapCa
ttoXcl
dp)(rj<;
/cat rfj
ydp
ol
d(f)^
avTov
/cat
^ApSpofxd^r)^
to
-qKoXovOec
/cat
Trj vrdXet.
IlteXo? 8e avTov
KaTCfxeLpep
ip
e? irpoyopop tovtop
dpe^aipe
Kttt TO,
8e axP'' M^^ 'AX/cerou rov HapvTrov e<^' ei^t ySacrtXet 'H7ret/3ctJT&Jz/ ol 8e 'AX/cerov 7rat8e9, w? acfacn crrafrta
25 cracrt jxereho^ep
8te]u,eivai'
in
icry]<^
dp^eup, avToi re
Trtorro)?
)(OPTef;
TTToXifjiov Te\xmj(TaPTo<;
Toi'
6 'Apu^ySov
30 /cat
re
dXXa
8teTeXet KaTTfJKoo<;
ojp 'OXv/u,7rtd8t
(TVPecTTpdTevcre
TroXejXTJcrojp
'Apt8ataj
Kat
MaKe8oa'tt',
27. 'OXwiMTidSos
-n-avcX.8ovio-T]s s
"Hirtipov
of Alexander, Olynipias, in obedience to the wishes of her son, did not inter-
She was restored to Macedonia in 317 B.C. by the joint efforts of Polyspcrrliou and Aeacides. Eurydice, the wife of
Both Philip and Euryand a large nuniberof Macedonian nobles were put to death by Olympian, Hence her death at the hands of Cassander was deemed a just retribution.
to Olympias.
dice
Cf.
Diod.
1!),
11,
M)
ff.
Justin, 14, 5;
Droysen,
TI, 1,
238
7^2
ovK ideXovTcov
iireKpaTrjcrev
'OXv/xTrtctSo? 8e
w?
dpoaia
'AptSatov
Odvarop, ttoXXm Se
Kat
Sto.
ravra
ov/c
35 uofjcLcrOeCar)'?,
ot;S'
avTol Sta to
'OXv/LtTTtaSo?
e^^o? eSe^oi^ro
(Tvyyv(op.r]v
Sevrepa r^vavriovTO
Kcicr-
KareXOeiv e? "HTretpor.
yefofxeprjf; 8e <I>tXtV77ou
/xei'
rpoiOivra KareXa/Be
'
jxer
ov ttoXv to
5
^pe(i)v
'HTretpwTat 8e
fxev
^Apv/S^ov
aL'Xo
vav.
/carct^'ea)
yovcriv
re
rfXiKLa ovTi
dp^r)u ov KaTecrKevacrfxevo)
ySc/Satoj?.
IIu^po? 8e
50 XefjLolov
/cat
ot nroXe^Ltato?
yvvoLKd
T eocoKev
tmv avTov
KaTTjyayev AlyvnTcojv.
Ilvppo<; 8e ^acrtXevcra? Trpdrroi^ inedeTO 'FjXXtJvojv
KopKv-^(opa<;
Trj<;
avTov
elvat.
dXXot? opixrjTTJptov
i(f)^
p.eTd 8e
ctXovcrai^
KopKvpav
rj^'q
/xot
to,
e?
Avatfia^ov
noXefXTJ7
e^ovTacravTa
'PwjLtatot?
8e
ovheva Tlvppov
Ato/xr^Set
/utei^
npoTepov
/cat
la-fxev
'EXXiqva.
ydp
\\pyL(Dv rot?
HISTORY OF I'YHRIirs
Ch.
12, 1
73
en yeveaOai tt/do? AiveCau Xeyerat yL(x^r)v A0r]vaLOL<; Se aXXa re TroXXa iXTrCcracn koI 'iraXiai' Tracrau KaradTpi^aadai to eV SvpaKovcrai'; TTTal(Tp,a e/x77oSwj/ eyefir]
65 veto
\We^apSpo<; 8e 6
/cat
NeoTTToXe/xov, yei/ov^ re
-qXiKLo.
12 IkOelv 'PajfiaLOi^.
ovrw
'Pw/Ltatov?
tovtol<;
Ste^rj
8e
pov
TToXe/oto?
yap TrporedSwarot 8e
avTov
TTpovTTap\ov(Tri<; p.kv e?
oj?
ev8at-
dtrt
avrw
eV ra> irapovTi
riKovTa^.
Trj<i
Tavra XeyouToyv
Trj<;
dXtoore&>9 ecryjXde
.
. .
Kara ravrct
ff.
rjXinl^e
4.
03. 'A6T)va(ois
cXirCo-ao-i
:
...
Pill-
dSvva:
'IroXCav irdcav
KaTa<rTp|'<i'0'6ai
it
rot 8* Kara.
tliis
ar<|>ds
was the
dream
case of anacolulhon.
nat-
and
below one would naturally expect /xdXura 8i oi Tapavrivoi 5ia tQv irp^j^ewv
av^ireiffav
instead of
oi irp^ffjiets
tQv Ta-
of
Pericles
pavrivoyv av^irnaav.
On
the ooordina-
tion
n^v,
and the
mans
1.
Elephants
IIvppos
. . .
War
dv^ireiffai', cf. c. 0,
note.
. .
.
0.
01 iro-
and Ivory
War
Pvrn.c.
Xcixovvti,
7r6Xe/uoi'
ir6X(i.ov
is
o-w^pavro
here
object of
TroXeyuoCi'Tt (cf.
'P|iaows:
1,
4,
(i;
Pau.sanias
;>
but awdpaadai
tivl is
Tbv irSXenov
(1, 0, 0).
74
)(^(i}p'r](TLP
TroXeixovpTL
(x)p
crTpareveiv
yap
'A^tXXeiw?
15 ya/3
/cat
d7^d'yo^'09.
eV
ovhepl
Sv ekoiro
cJ?
8e ot ravra yjpecTKe
8ie)u,eXXe 2
ayeiv.
(fiTJi',
ravra
Hvppov ToXy^av
r']^i'
ixa)(^6fJievo<;
/cai
Se 'PcofMaicop
irpo<;
TapatrtVov?
cru)a/3oXr^<?
Tore
25
8>)
rw arparco
irdpa^ep.
etr^
/cat Trap'
iXniSa
3
(T(f)L(TL
to
et/co?,
are Se dpLCTTa
eTTLO'Tdfxevo';
ou/c
d^td/xa^o?
inaffyTJcrMi' cr<^i(Tiv.
eXe^avra?
TOiv
e/c
ri7?
Il(t)pov /cat
ri^v
30 Se 'AXe^cti/Spov /cat
'AvTLyouo<?,
Hvppcp Se
ri^?
fxd^r]<;
eyeyovei
rrj<;
irpo^
18.
pY(i>v
v7rop.virjiJLaTa
tliis
state-
some writers taking it as referring to memoirs of Pyrrlius, prepared probably by himself or under his orders.
It is
ffiv
tlvai:
elvai
Pyrrhus
Cf. 8, 31,
cf^T-fip
1, 5, 1.
is
reehai KaVHpaKXiji.
See note on
.
.
23.
7ivo)ivt]s
'PufiaCwv irpos
:
would not be cho.sen. It was, doubtless, a general work of biography, perhaps like the Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium Libri IX of Valerius Maxiuius, in which the exploits of
/ifij/iara
Topavrtvous
o-v(APoXiis
Pyrrhus's
first
Droysen,
III, 1,
140
f.
HISTORY OF PYRRIIUS
Ch.
12,
75
helfxa
rt
e?
epya
dvSpwv ^eipa?,
elalu
irdvref;
etSore?
cttI
ti^j^
avrd 8e ra
6r)pia, irplv
OLa^rjpat
MaAceSoi/a?
dp^r]v
^oypot TOVTOL<;.
SryXot 8e
Se eXe<^a^'To?
tJ
fxvTJjxrjv
ovhep.iav
Ittoitj-
craro
Oeacrdixevo^ 8e
TreTTVcr/xeVo? efxvr}fJi6vev(Ti>
17
dv ttoXv
yepducov
5
ye vpoTepov
ixd)(r}<;.
efiol So/ceit'
ITvy/xataji^ re
dvhpoiv
/cat
Kovcrioiv
45 TTokecjv
yap
roii/
liToiovv
dvaaTdrov;,
TTpocreKdOrjVTO.
fieu eta /cat
8e ^v
XoltttJ,
%vpaKov(TaL<;
Y\vppo<;
TTokLopKovvTe<;
d
rov?
to)v
ri^i/
irpecr^eoiv
aKovoiv
\ioiro)v,
TdpavTa
e'9
8e
TT^i'
(rev
dTravacTTyjuai
ot
8e
e'<^'
auroj
50 Kap)(r]hovLCt)v,
et^o^'
ifjL7reLpo)<;
Tvptoi
<I>otVt/ce9
ivavTia
ot
p-rjoe
iirripdr)
uavixa^rjcraL
rot?
dXalu
Od.
is
5,
72
ff.
t, 55;
avSpdcri
Uvyfxaioiai
ino.
Pausanias
right in
liis
state-
The war
beis
tween
tiie
spoken of
39.
avrwv: pleonastic
aiirSs is
Note
lian,
e.specially
Athen.
0, p. .'JiiOn
Ae(!,
very fre-
Nat.
Anim.
quent; usually, as here, when the general nature of the pieceding plural is
(pialified
90
ff.;
Pliny, N.
II. 7. 2(>.
43.
IIvppov
of
8t cs
ZiKcXCav
a':Ti\ya,yt
year 278.
On
this
cf.
.
a'l
expedition
Pint.
Pyrrlius to Sicily,
ff.
;
Kal-Ytpdvvp.dxiis:
yepdvuiv
.
cf.
II.
r.
.'>-5
K\a777j
I'yrrhus, 22
III,
1,
Diod. 22,
ff.
;
7 ff
KXayy^ ral ye
ir^TovTai
Droysen
1()2
A.
Holm,
76
-qTTLO-TavTo
55 eTTO?
TTCt)
^prjcrOai.
[xapTvpel
8e
fiot
/cat
Ofjiijpov
iv '08vcrcretct
ot
Uvppo^,
cu? rfTTTJOr],
rai?
i/aucrtt'
e?
Tapai^ra
ai^T;-
ra?
dva)((opy]aLv
ov
yap
5 rfTTy]Or],~\
ypdppaTa
e? re
tt^i^
Acrtav Kat
tov<; Se
difuKopevcov
Tov<i
8e Twi^ dyyeXcDi/, w? ot
TapavTLvcov,
(bv
pev el^e
TO^v 8e
/cat
MaKeSova^;
IIuppou
/cat
aXXa
^etav
ei^i^T7
tt7i^
/Sot;-
ravra
aKpa
roiv
Sicil.
II, 277ff.
\,
54. '0|iV|pov
Yet
see Oil.
122
ff.
Antigonus
the
stantive.
is AeXcpovs.
5;
19, 5;
9, 6, 4.
Lacedaemonians
gas
is
9.
tSv jiiv
sentence with
/j-iv,
following clause
2.
tle of
Beneventuni
in
new
is
He95
;
6,
much more
1, 17,
in the
verb
1,
7,
170, 210.
2,
Cf. Hdt.
;
and Paus.
\u3cttI.
5.
3, 6, 8, etc.
10.
dvt-
'AvTi-yovov:
The
and
of the
19, 3
;
more
22, 7
;
Cf. 1,
more frequent,
e.g.
1,1,3;
1,
4, 1
37, 4, etc.
'
HISTORY OF PYRRIIUS
Ch.
13,
77
2
Mera
Trpoelirep
AvTiyopo) Trokefiou,
e<?
aXXa
re noiovfjievoq iyKXijfxaTa
KpaTT]-
XvTLyovov
/cat
to Trap' aurw
20 FaXarait'
8e Ma/ceSot'ta? re T179
817-
Uvppov
plkyju,
'iTwj^ia?
^epcjp fxera^v
/cat AapLcrrj<;
ctt
avrols
'lTwi't8t
hwpov 'Addpa
ov jxeya Oav^xa
/cat
irdpos Ata/ct8at.
TovTOv^
fxep hrj
At8e
ttot'
at8c /cat
Iluppo^ 8e Ma/ce8oi^a?
"yoi/
ofJL(o<;
avrai'
/x>)
aXXous
18.
oi^Tt
kXdadaL
. . .
tol
ip ^epai.
also
KpaT^i<ros
Aiithol.
I'al.
0,
130.
i.e.
In the
<rKVT]v
'AvTiYovow
of Leoni-
20,
on
this vie-
das.
Against this
assij^nnieiit nothinfi:
can be urged,
rem. 81.
("f.
Susemihl.
II,
535,
Gallic
mercenaries (274
:
n.c.).
occiir-
TO dvaTevTa oir\a
;
cf.
Pint. Pyr22, 3.
is
rhus. 20
1,
In
in.suf-
epigram
cited,
grounds.
78
Hvppov
40 iXOelp,
OLTroXnrovTa
to,
MaKeSofoJV
Treicras e? UeXoTTOPPiqcrov
Aa/ce8at/xd^'to?
mv
rov
Tol<;
KXeoivufJiov
SrjXaxro).
Uavaai'Lov tov
KXeofx^po-
Tov Se 'Ayr^criTToXt?
aTTatSo?
KXeoixpr)<;,
ti^i/
'AyrycrtTrdXtSo? Se
TeX6VTy]cravT0<i
KXeo/xeVrys
/SacrtXetav
^cr^e.
5
'A/cpdrarot'
yitej^
oui^
irporepov /caree'9
Xa^ev
rarou,
7)
TeXevTf]
dixff)Lcrl3yJTr]cnp
/cat
e's
KaTecrTT]
dp^rj'^
'Apev? 6 'Ak/3ojxeTeXOwp
juei^
KXeww/^to?
TT^z^
drw
Si^
Tporrco
eirdyei
ti^9 eV
Uvppop
55 ^ciypovv
^(jjpav.
Aa/ceSat/xoi'tot? Se TT/ao
AeuKrpot?
<,fxd^ri<;y
ttco
dywvi
KeKpaTrjaOat Tre^w
e'9
Aewi^tSa
/xei^
yap
I't-
Ka>pTL
ovK
TOiv Mt^Sojp', to Se
TT]
KBr]vai(ov
KXoirrju
crcfiLaL
/cat
vrjaut S^fiaKTrjpLa
ov
viKrjv.
6
TTpciiTf]'^
Se yevojxeviqs
crvp,^opd<^ ev Botwrot?,
vaTepov
60 'Ai^rtTTCtrpw
717/^
Ilvp/aov
Se
ia'^aX6vTo<;
TeTapTov
St)
rdre
cTTpaTov
opoiVTe'^ TToXepiiov
re?
65
Uvppo^
Se
C09 lireKpaTiqcrev,
tt^i^
oXiyov
Xws
to
irpocreirTaicrav
were Utterly routed by Antipater. King Agis was among the slain. Note use
of dat.'AfrtTrdTpoj.
tion
1,
is
when
G5; 0,45.
HISTORY OF PYRRIIUS
Cli. 13,
7&
ol he es TTokiopKiav
eiri
evrpeni^ouTo, nporepou
en t^9
XnaipTrji;
tov irokefxov
Tov
70 VTTO
he TOVTOV TOV
^pOVOV KoX
Kov Tpi^r)v *AvTLyouo<5 ra? TrdXets twu MaKehopwu dvaaojadp,evo^ rjTTeLyeTO e? HeXoTrovvrjcroi' ola eTn(JTdp.evo<;
rju
Hvppov,
Tj^ovTd-
KpaTwp
he
/cat
Td^L<;
p-a^o- 8
o'ret'or
Kat
/caTci
tou?
epopoiOr)
Kepdpco he
/SX17-
Uvppop
\\pyeloL he ov
eivai yvpaiKi
yvpoLKa
(fyacTLP
elKaapeprjp.
85
TavTa
eg ttjp
Hvppov
eTeXevTrfcrep,
lepop AT]pr}Tpo<i
hrj
e/c
ep
he
TedaiTTai'
Oavpa
irotovpaL tcjp
<i)
^AXe^dphpov
(ftrja-l
tov Ilpta-
pov
17
/cat
tm
he
AtaKtoou
/cat
(Tvpe^f)
9 T-qp TeXevTTjP
81.
On
1, etc.
iH). II.
III, 1, 201)-210.
peditionandliisdeatli(272it.c'.)cf. Plut.
(icv
Pyrrhus, 26-PA
5,
X, ;}59
80
Av/ceag inoLrjae.
95 vv^io<;
SLd(f)opa Se
o/u,aj9
ecrrt
kol ravra
d)u 'lepco-
8e
kol
<t>tXtcr709
eV %vpaKOV(TaL<; Kado'^
dwoKpvxjj acr 6 ai
tcov
Alouvctlov ra dpocnd)TaTa,
"
rrov
KvTiyovov
14
^
^ea?
TrXiqcriov
Se
eVrt
Kprjvr),
Kokovai Se avT-qv
ffype-
ara
ixeu
yap Kal
Sid
7rd(Tr)<; ttJs
iroXeco^
icm,
Trrjyr)
Se avTrj
flour),
14.
TTeTToirjTai
TemOdeum Enncacrunus Demcter and Persephone, and of TrlptoleiHus Epimenides and Thales Temple of Eude'ia Temple of IleTemple of Aphrodite Urania. p)haestus 2. 'fiiSeiov kt\. see Excursus III.
ples of
a natural spring
KprjvT] is
(2, 7,
4, 34, 4, etc.);
an
artificially
1
;
2, 2, 8, etc.)
;
3.
KpT|VT],
:
by a natural spring <j>p^aTa are wells, the water of which must be drawn
(Hdt.
viov
less
:
Kpovvov
for the
question as to the
6,
19).
6.
vaol
'EXtvo-C-
site of this
uments, and the discussion of wliat is known as " the Enncacrunus Episode,"
see Excursus III.
(j,6vT)
:
5.
ittiyt]
8* aijTT]
Pausanias speaks of
tlie
fountlie
tain
(Kprivr))
Enncacrunus as being
(Trriyrj),
only "spring"
sinium along with the I'arthenon as one of the preeminently sacred places
of Athens.
It
irdcr-qs
irdXeus.
Yet he mentionsl,21,4, the Kprivr] at the Asclepieum and 1, 28, 4, the irrjyri which is known under the name KXe^vdpa.
17).
On
Leake
(I,
met
in
II,
tency by saying that Pausanias meant only such springs as were desirable
for drinking-water
;
31
III, 2).
for according to
up
(C.I. A. II,.
Vitruv.
in
most of the spring water Alliens was bad and used for wash8, 3, 0,
315;
III, 5).
On
TRIITOLKMUS
Ch.
14, 4
81
/cat K6pr)<;,
TOL
iv Se
rw TptTrroXe/xou
OTToia
KeCfxepoi' Icttlv
Trayaet?
ayakfxa
e?
2
Se 9 avTOv
Xeyerat ypa^o),
OTrocrov
roGi^re?
(f)a(rLu
Xdiqvaioi^ e? dp^atoxTyra
elalv
'ApyeloL,
oui^
cu?
)(LV,
Kaddnep ^ap^dp<iiv
AiyvTTTLOL.
Xeyerat
AiJixTjTpa e? "A/ayo?
77)1^
iXdovaav
Itti-
dpirayrju
vcnepov 8e Tpo^tXoj/
'
tepo-
Ayijvopo^ eXOelp
yvvoLKd re ^
'EXeucrt^'o? yyjfiaL
dSe
rot? LcacTL
T pLTTToXeixop
20 TTOi^ rjp.Epov.
eirrj
Se aSerat Movo'atoi'
iralSa
Moucatou
TtJ?
elvai,
Kat
ravra,
TpLVTokeixov
'flK^avov
e/xot SoKett'
Kat
'0/3(/)ea;9 Se,
ovra, Ev^ovXet
Se' cr^tcrt
irapd
AiJixr}Tpo<;
XotptXw Se
eanv
elpiqixeva
KepKvoua
BvyaTepa
Se
(T(f)d<i
Se irarepa
TptnTo-
KepKvdi^t Se notretSwi^a.
TTpocro) Se teVat
. . .
e^et
oi//t9
30
oveipaTO?xjjofxaL.
a Se e? Trdrra? ocriov
ypd(f)eLv, e?
raOra dnorpe4
TptTrroXe'^ov to
ayaXjxa,
rat
34.
^ou9
Se
KaBT^fxevo<i
'KTnfxeviSr)^
:
Kvcoacno^,
ov
first
ikdovra e9
driver of oxen
Serv. ad Georg.
*E7ri(iitvC8T)s
Kvwor<rios
Epiiiie-
/Souft'o'T;?;
Triptolemus and
originally
tlie
The
niytiiieal in tiie
form of
thi.s first
(.f
identical
the
Attic
ox tamer was,
consciousness
82
35
aypov
eTO<;
KotfjiacrdaL
XeyovcxLv kcrekOovra eq
rj
cnTrjXaiou-
6 oe
vTTvo^ ov
ol recrcrapaKocrTov
iirr]
re
evrotet
/cat
TToXet? eKoiOrjpep
aXXag
ttjp
re kol ttjv
'
Kdiqvaiiov.
SaXrj<i Se 6
AaKeSaip,ovLOi<i
40
poctov iravaaq
ovre
aXXw?
TrpoaiqKOiv
ovre
avr^?- dXX' 6
[xev Kva>aaio<;,
SdXyjTa 8e
errrj
t^'at (f>r](rL
AaK:e8at/^o^'tot9
e?
avTov
TTOtT/cra?.
ert
8e
ol
dnoiTepco
)(^a>pa<g
t^?
MapaOcovL ecr^ov.
TTpocreSoKaTo
(^povrjcrai
enL
tt]
plkj)
TeXevTT],
twv
jxev
Aprebuofxa
/cat
eV
'ZaXajxlvi
i^av/xa^i^cra?
8e to re
dvSpia^ jxdpTvpas
70 MapadcovL dXcros
/cat 1^1780)^
43. vaos
Cretan priest Epimenides, about whom two traditions were extant one that
he had freed Athens from the Cylonian ^705 (Ar. llesp. Ath. 1 Plut. Solon 12,
;
45. Al-
Athens ten years before the Persian War, he engaged in certain religious rites and prophesied the war (Plat. Legg. 1, G42 d). On the story of Epimenides, the Greek Rip Van Winkle, cf Theoponipus, frag.
etc), the other that,
coming
to
<rxvXos
vavfxaxV)<ros
the current
tradition regardingthe death of Aeschylus killed near Gela in which was dropped on his bald head by an eagle, which mistook it for a stone. Cf Biogr. Gr. ed.
was
that he
was
Sicily
by a
tortoise
I,
288
Diog. Laert.
II. 7,
Thales or
Westermann, p. 120 Aelian, Nat. An. 7,10; Pauly-Wissowa, I, 1068. His epitaph was as follows
;
by
his
music the plague at Sparta (Plut. de Mus. 42; Aelian, Var. Hist. 12, 50). Lycurgus is said to have studied music
k'utx^Uv Ev4>opiwvos My)vaiov T68e Ke6dei ^^^^a Karacpeiixevov nvpocpdpoio TAas dXK7]v 8' evddKifxov Mapaeuviov fiXo-os &>'
etiroi
/cat
^aOvxaiT-neis
M^Sos
iiriaTdfievoi.
under him
Poet. Lyr.
TEMPLE OF HEPHAESTUS
Ch.
14,
83
icmu H^atcrrou.
ovSeu davfxa
(jTrfKev 'A0'r)va<;,
eTTL(TTOip.evo<;
\6yov
KOL
Tw
TrXrjcriov 8e
lepou idTiv
'AcrcrvpioL^
'A(f)pohLTri<;
Ovpapias'H4>aC<rT0
:
irpayrois
Se
av6 pojircov
was
52.
voos
for a dis-
the goddess
originally represented
XLVI
(1888), 201
ff.,
derives
seum, and a description of the temple, see Kxcursus IV. on jiiv a-yaXpid
the joint
from yXavKos "bright" or "blue" and a root voi-, "water," making the compound designate a goddess of the
bright Ijlue sea.
worship of
tias,
Pausanias' statement
109 c);
their temple
is
also
mentioned by Augustine (Civ. Dei, 18, 12). Pausanias refers to the Erichthonius legend as the link between Hephaestus and Athena (ApoUod. 3, 14, 6; Schol. Hom. II. B, 547; Aug. I.e.),
while others hold that the link was not
-Erichthonius but Apollo the Paternal,
pothesis
Deor. 1, 30, 83), who says the color of Minerva's eyes was bluish-gray, and of
Neptune's sky-blue.
58.
TT^s
-itXtio-iov
hi
Upov
o-tiv 'A<})po8C-
Ovppavias:
as this sanctuary
it
was
i)rob-
who was
tus
and Athena
de Nat. Deor.
1,
Market
dess
dite
Hill.
The worship
of the god-
Potter).
54.
whom
to 8*
from the
being
the
a^aXfia
yXavKol
rfjs
:
TOWS o<}>9aXp,ovs
6(p6a\fj.oi
ous
cities,
Astarte.
Homer's
eyed."
112
ff.)
to plants, animals,
Jeremiah
(7,
would
tran.slate
the epithet
word from
18; 44, 18) calls her "the queen of heaven." In her double aspect as goddess of love and of heaven,
tlie
7XaO|
"owl" and
6\f/
"face," supposing
(ireeks
84
Ovpaviav,
jxeTo,
8e 'Aa-crvpLov; Kvrfj
TratSa?
ov yap
'
tto)
Tore rfcrav
koX
rat? ahe\<^al%
Ik
pLiqvip.aTO'^ rrj^
/cat
Ovpavia^.
epyov
to 8e
rjp.o)v
^eihiov
(ftacrt
Srjpo^
8e icTTLV AOi^vaCoLf;
Ovpavia<;
to
oij-
Kal
dXXa ovheu
6poio)<i
/cat
ttoXlv e^oi^re?.
15
(XTodv
r^u lioLKiXiqu
ovopdt^ovcriv
oltto l
public,
s.v.
I,
Aph349,
rodite
Urania; rreller-Robert,
rem.
15.
ings.
1.
. . .
5.
its
Paint-
open on one long side fronted with columns. Here Zenomet hisdisciples, who
thus acquired the
name
;
of Stoics or
7,
O-Todv
'Ep|J.f]S
:
(Diog. Laert.
1,5).
'A-yopaios Kal
c.
iTv\-t\ itXtjo-Cov
after
etc.
Icarom. 34
13)
describing in
temples
Pi.sc.
and
Alci-
on the Market Hill to the west of the Agora, Pausanias now describes some
objects of especial interest within the
phron (Ep.
1,
As
ophers and their followers discoursing and wrangling within or before the Colonnade. diro Twv -ypa(|>wv the Colonnade was embelli.shed with paintings by Polygnotus and his associates Micon and Panaenus (Plut. Cim. 4 Pliny
Stoa Poikile or
originally
25, 58
Harpocr.
s.v. IIoXiryi'WTos).
It is
named
neia-iavdKTews
a-rod
itself
or on
after
founder Peisianax, son-in-law of Cimon (Plut. Cim. 4 Diog. Laert. It was built probably after 457 7, 5).
its
;
B.C.
Just as
its site
is
not definitely
known, so also its form is uncertain. Since it was intended to serve a.s a
Lesche,
i.e.
had been removed from the colonnade by a Roman proconsul, some have regarded them
as easel paintings, but the evidence
tup:
Ch.
15, 1
painted colonnade
85
'Fipfiyjf;
KaL
TTvky] TrkrjaLOu-
enecrTL 8e ol
Tponaiov Adrjuaiajv
'
LTnroixa-
ttJ? Ittttov
KacrcrdpSpov
avrr;
Tov
^et'i/cou
77)1^
dp^-qv dhe\(f)oq
*
aiv eVererpaTrro.
oe
17
Olvoy
first
contempoon walls is so convincing that there is but little doubt that they were fresco paintings (cf.
raries painted generally
two
were on the two short walls and the last two on the long back wall. There were other pictures in the Colonnade,
as e.g. a portrait of Sophocles with
liis
and Frazer's
of Ilernies
note).
0, 2(3, 3
2.
'EpfiTjs
:
x*^-
the statue
Market stood
Agora beside
the
Athenians (Schol.
I*aintedColonnade(Lucian,Jupp.Trag.
33 and schol.).
It is
known
to liave
in
War
(Hesych.
cian
style
rrjv
(I.e.)
states that
it
thon as
still
evypafi/xos, evirepiypairroi,
ttjs K6fjir]s.
avddeaLv
Some have
con-
by Pau-
and Synesius' statements (11. cc.) show that in 402 a.i>. their removal had but recently taken i)lace.
315-38G),
'AOrivaiovs
ktX.
:
tlie
bronze original.
TtTa-ypi^vovs
tv
Otvo]]
Whether the original or a copy, the statue was a nmch-admired specimen of archaic art, and artists (Lucian I.e.) were continually making casts of it, so that it was never quite free from pitch. This Hermes was a very popular deity. The Arlstophanic sausage-seller sweai s
vri
occasioned discussion.
Spartans,
The
battle of
'
Lucian
represents
to tell
mentioned again by Pauby no other writer. Pausanias states (I.e.) that a group of statuary executed by the artists Hypatodorus and Aristogiton was set up by the Argives in honor of the joint victory gained by Argive.s and Atheis
impious things that were said in the Agora. 0. irpcora \i.(v ivhi t (icVw
From
it is
a Delphic inscription
clear that these artists
Tv rol\u>v
length
Pausanias describes at
(C.I.G. 25),
four paintings in the Colonnade, the battles of Oenoe, of Marathon, of the Aniazon.s, and of the
belong to the first half of tlie fifth century n.c. This gives an approximate date for the battle. The AthenianArgive alliance was formed 463 h.c,
after the breach with Sparta at
Sack of Troy.
As
it
to the disposition
of the paintings,
seems
likely
from
Ithome
86
Trj<;
yeypaiTTai 8e ovk e?
epyov
ert
yjSr]
TrpoTjKov,
10 oi^re?.
dWd
dp^oixevrf re
17
P-^XV
'^^^
'
^'^
^etpa?
kol
avvi-
AdrjvaloL
Sr]crev<; 2
'Apa^oaL pd^ovrai.
OVK
d(f)yp6L
Ta nTaicrpaTa to
vtto
ye %epicTKvpa<; t aXovarj^
pL<Tr]<; (T(f)Lcn ttJ?
'HpaKXeov;
/cat
vcTTepov
(f)6a-
crrpartd?,
'
171^
eV
15 e?
irdcTLv 'FXXrjcnv.
EXXi^t'e?
eicrij' 17/317e<?
Kore? "iXto^'
Acat 01 /3a(TtXet9
Kac^c^d^'Spa^' ToXprjpa
/cat yui^at/ca? rcu^'
kolI
avTov
rj
ypa(f)r)
20 reXeuratoi^ Se
Trj<^ ypa(f)r]<;
pa^eadpevoi M.apa0oivi-
(Thuc.
tlie
1,
102).
The
final victory of
at
of
Tanagra 458 n.c. Hence the battle Oenoe doubtless occurred between
10. 'A0T]vaioi
appeared in Polygnotus's great picture of the capture of Ilium in the Lesche at Delphi (10, 20, 7).
20. TtXevTatov 8 rfis ypa<|>iis l<riv ol
|jiaxco-d|jLvoi
these dates.
Kal
0Tj<ri)S
MapaObivi
this painting
'Ajjia^oo-i
from other sources we know was by Micon (Arr. Anab. 7, 13, 10), and that the Amazons were depicted fighting on horseback (Ar. Lys."678 and Schol.). Pausanias alludes to all three battles in which Amazons were engaged: (1) fight of
jjidxovTai
:
this painting
seems to have been the joint work of Micon and Panaenus (cf. Paus. 5, 11,0; Arr. Anab. 7, 13, 10). From Pausanias's description, the action fell into
three scenes
-
(1)
;
sians in conflict
Persians
(3)
men-
Amazons
at
in their
tions
by name seven
Athena
own country
(1, 2, 1);
fight of
Amazons
and
before
AtheAthens
fight of Achilles
who
argues that
with
the
Amazons
Troy.
Cimon's
sister
Elpinice
adds the names of one AthCynegirus (Ildt. 6, 14), and two Persians, Datis and Artaphernes. Many fancied they .saw tlie phantom
Tlie.seus
who
also
of
charging
the
Persians
87
lacnv
Botwrwf Se
vap'
oi
TlXaTaLav
i)(^oPTf;
/cat
oaop
rjv 'Arri/coi^
C9 )(lpa<; rot?
^ap^dpoi^.
e? to
/cat
dix(j)OTep(t)v
epyov
to 8e
ecroi
Trjq
ixd^r]<^
(ftev-
yovTe<i elcTiv ol
^dp^apoi koI
e? to eXo?
wdovvTeq dkXyjXov;,
^dpoiv
EXXr^i^e?.
yjpo)'^, d(f)'
ov to
dviovTi
e/c
yTrJ?
etKacr/xeVo?
^XBrfva re
30
crti',
/cat 'H/aa/cXr}?
E^exXo?
/caXou/xct'os,
ou
/cat
vaTepov
/cat
Troti^cro/xat
ivTavOa
dcTTTtSe?
/ct^'Tat
^aX/cat,
rat? /xeV
35 icTTiv
Ta? Se 7raXT7Xt/x/xeVa9
rat
/cat
6 re ^povoq
Xvp.y]vr)-
toji' aXoi/raj^
eV
T^
16
^(fyaKTrjpLo, pyjcro).
/oter
T179 crroag
^dXwi/
Miltiades
all
was rep-
Painted Colonnade.
vCwv
. . .
37.
AaK(8ai(jLo-
resented in front of
twv a\6vTv
iv t\[ ^^aKrr]pi(f.
generals, extendinsj his hand toward the enemy and cheering on his forces (Aeschin. 3, 180 and schol.;
nian
.xa^Kai.
diro 2ki(i>-
gether with
vaCwv ktX.
the successful
revolt
of
sword of Mardoniu.s, were regarded as among the most glorious trophies of Athens (Dio. Chrys. 2, p. 27) probably here too was the shield
tlie
;
women and
children
(4,
Diod. 12.
16.
1.
0, 2).
120; 5,132).
TlnK'ydi<ks
Dij/rrssion on Scleurits.
unfortunate
city.
in
The
the
by Deni.
2(),
88
o Tov<; v6ixov<;
Ko<i,
'
/cat,
Xovaav
5
crTy/xeta
ovk a<^avrj.
^eXevKco yoip,
o)<;
(opfiaTO
MaKeSovta?
^vka
crvu 'A\e^oivSp(o,
Bvovtl Iv IleXXry
rw
Att ra
em
tov
/cat
avTOfiara Trpo? to
dya\fj.a
dvev
^
TTvpo<; rjcpdr).
reXevTijcravTO^ he 'AXe^dp-
Trapd UroXeixalov
(f)vyd)i>
tov
Adyov
jxep
KaTrjXdev av6i^ e?
10
w? 8e
'
ot
raura
oXiyop
to.
Avcripid^ov KaTeipyacTTO,
dp^r)p TtapeocoKep
rj-jTeCyeTO.
Aptlo'^m
tco
avro? Se e? Ma/ceSoi^iat'
Kol /3apfidpo)p
/xei^
'FiXXtJpcop
tjp
aSeX^o?
AvaLjxd^ov
/cat St'
Trap'
ovtop
7re(j)evy(o<;,
avro Kepav-
j/o?
w? irpocncop 6 SeXevjSaauXevaLP
dtp
icrfiep
20 /cou
(TTpaToq
^dpcop-
TT]p Se
dp^rjp
. .
Hist. 8, 16.
53
8.
2\WKos
Justin,
ff.
17, 23;
Droysen,
:
2,
329
21.
tois Pa(ri\v(riv
310
H.c.
Consult Diod.
;
19,
55; Apd.
. .
plan,
Syr.
Droysen,
10.
Gesch.
.
title
given to
cKpdTT](rc
cf.
AU.-Wiss.VI(1848),
viiro
note.
.
23.
dvaipurai
twv ^appdh.c.
19.
ovTos 6 XlroXcfjiaios
:
XaOojv
Sc'XcvKov KTvi
cf.
10,
19,
7.
The
App.
and
slain
by the Gauls
5,
in
280
Cf.
Justin, 24,
9,
35,
4;
u.c.
Cf.
Droysen,
II, 2.
HISTORY OF SELELCUS
Ch.
17, 1
89
kol aX\a?
/xe^'
25
TreiOofjiaL
yevead ai
SeXev/cd?
Si/catoj/
koX
ir/ao?
to OeZov evae^rj.
tovto
yap
icmv
MryStKct
tto-
30 Tafio)
KOv<;
vneXineTo
AOrfpaCoL^ Se eV
t?)
dyopa
/cat
aXXa
e'cTTtP'
ouk
e'?
e'9
airavTa^;
iTTLcrrjfxa
Kat EXeov
^oip.6<;,
yLtaXtcTTa ^ewi^
dudpcompov
^iov
/cat
'AiroXXwva
ts
ovK
airavTas Kex'^pVKf V
4, drjXa i$ atravras.
'PVI^-V
'>
5, 18,
:
8, 40,
9, 10, 2,
and Frazer's
^irl
notes.
rem.
4)
29.
ScXcvKciav olK(o-as
:
TiYpiiTi
iroTa|XM
Mercy is identical with the altar of the Twelve Gods, not mentioned by Pau.sanias.
Strabo (10,
p.
738)
speaks of
Pliny (N.
it
as
This conjecture is adopted by Miss Harri.son, pp. 141-142. The altar of Mercy is frequently mentioned,
because
it
II.
0,
describes
it
and
of
of the
War
were mostly Greeks, with many Macedonians and Syrians (Joseph. 18. 9, 8). It was still a powerful city in Tacitu.s'.s
Christian
inhabitants
said to
have
fled to
at the altar of
Likewise
the
Heracles,
fled
time (Ann.
17.
0, 42).
when
Eleos
per-secuted
by Eurystheus,
2, 8.
1
:
Altar
of
Altars
Aidos,
and of Horme and statues therein Temple of Theseus and its Paintimjs Minos and Theseus
of Pheme,
of
Schol.
Cf.
WachsnuUh. Stadt
Gymnasium of
Ptolemrj
Athen,
II.
:
43()-440.
this
3.
|i6voi
is
'AflTjvaioi
Statement
not presays
cisely true.
Diodorus
(13, 22, 7)
Various
Traditions
about
the
End
cf. 1,
first to set
up
^irCo-TiiJia
an altar of Mercy aiul Wachsnuith, II, 43(! cites an 'HX^i; /3a)/u6s found in
the precinct of Asclepius at Kpidanrus.
diravTas yvwpL^a;
1, 4, 0,
90
tovtoi<^ Se ov
ra
e? <^ikav6pcD-
aWcov
Kai
irXeov, KoX
'Opjxrj<?-
yap AtSov?
(K^icri
cr^tcrt
ftcoixoq
icTTL
Kal
^TJiJLr]<;
fxeTecTTLv,
laov
irapov
ttj)(T)<;
xRV^'^V'^-
^^ ^^
^^
7^
fjLvacrL(p rrjq
10
Wachsmuth
aWcov
I.e.
on the
(piXavOpu-
of the Athenians.
irXe'ov
:
cf
5.
.
Qtovs tv<ri17,
Po(riv
Acts
22
Kara iravra ws
Oeupu.
8etcrL5aLfwv(TT^povs
<r<j)i(ri
:
y/iSs
6.
AlSovs
Pufios
<rTi
Eustathius (ad
the
The
K, 451,
of
p.
altar
founder was probably Ptolemy Philadelphus. The Ephebi here attended lectures on philosophy (C.I. A. II, 479,
19).
1.
Trapa rbv
lloXiddos
Aj'SoDs
to the philosopher
1,1).
Antiochus (De
fin. 5,
likewise
located
440.
there.
Cf.
Wachsis
;
muth,
II,
and
first
of the
mentioned by
upon
flees
;
Age she
earth
(C.I. A.
Harrison locates
it
her
II,
daughter
2339).
is
'Zu}(l>poa-tJvri
tween the existing Colonnades of Attains and Hadrian (Athens, p. 145 f.).
10.
Kfj
.
priestess of
Modesty had a
'p)jiai
. .
'lo^as
"Oaaa At6s dyyeXos II. B, 94; Od.w, 413. Aeschines (1, 128) men^-qfiT] cf.
With
Schol. Aeschin.
128,
where
it is
said
Rumor was
erected
Euryme-
don because the rumor of that great victory readied Athens the same day. 8. (V h( tS -yv[xva<r((p ktX. Pausanias again leaves the Agora and describes two buildings "not far from it" and near each other. The first is the gymna:
sium stone Hermae, a bronze statue of Ptolemy, a statue of Juba the Libyan, and a statue of Chrysippus of Soli. Pausanias does not say which Juba was meant, but it was doubtless Juba II, who was patronized by Augustus and was the author of historical treatises. Cicero (De fin. 1, 11, 39) and Diogenes Laertius (7, 7, 182) mention a statue of
Chrysippus
Athens.
in
the
market-place
of
SANCTUARY OF THESEUS
Ch.
17,
91
Tw
yvyivaai(o
^
%y)<jo}<;
idTLv lepou
ypacfial Se
elcL
7r/30<?
A/xa^oi^a?
AOtjvoIol p^a^opievoi
Trj
TreTroii^rat
8e
16 <T(j)Lcnv
Adiqva eVl r^
acTTTtSt
roi
Kat
Tw ^dOpco.
yiypaiTTai Se eV
'
rov
^^^trcv?
pkv ovv
Laov KaSecTTiqKev
pd^-q.
a.
Xeyovcnu ov
icTLP, rd pev
(c)
Upov
tliis
sanctuary
of Centaurs
the
expressly con-
(400
it.c.)
to
Athens by Cinion
(cf
.
after
3(5
probable that
Persian
1,
War
Pint. Thes.
Time.
cinct
98; Diod.
4,
G2
11, 60).
It
The subject
one of the
TTJi
Orjcrews,
C.I. A.
II,
446,
13)
Amazons, was
paintings
(c.
Diod.
in the
Painted Colonnade
24, 7)
62
sometimes also
Certain elec-
15, note)
tions to office
by
lot regularly
took
.schol.,
and on the pedestal of the statue of Zeus at Olympia (cf. 5, 11, 7). 17. t| Kcvravpuv Kal AairiGwv fidxi] ns Pau-
Ath. 62).
With regard
:
iv
fiiari
rrj
ir6\ei
wapa t6
pvu yvfjipdffiov
doubtless
the
sium of Ptolemy. The site wliere between the Colonnade of Attains and the northwest slope of the Acropolis. See Excursus IV on the
identity of the so-called Tlie.seum with
this sanctuary. ^ypa<))al St
it
gymnawas somc-
with the
19.
.
. .
painting.
.
. .
T|
-ypa<t>T)
Mv<Ds
:
&i\a-ia
is
'A(i<}>iTpTT]s ^TX.
this Story
told
tlo-i
kt\.:
Ode
of Bacchylides.
It is
also dei)icted
va.ses that
pictures,
the fight
have come down to us: (1) a vase found at Caere, now in the Louvre, ascribed to
92
TTOV SiOL
Tov ^povov,
TOL
Sc
yov.
Mlkcov ov tov TTOiVTa eypaxjje X6Kat tov aWov aroXov rcou TraiScov
yjvavTLOvTo,
25 TToloa
ovK
Ilocretoaii^o?
elvai,
eirel
ov Swacrdat rrjv
a^evTi e?
Bakaaaav ava-
ol.
(7(f)paylSa-
SeSecrdai re
Tohe
e<ji<i
v(f)'
'llpaKXeov<; dva^Oeiy]^
SecnrpcoTovf;
TjKovcra
TO)v
%r)aev<;
e?
35 ovTOj?
aTToXXvai,
/cat
CTTevScov
iarpdrevev
Kt^vysw.
6ea<;
30.
Iletpi^ov?
cr(f)d<;
yjXcocrav, /cat
ft'
yrj<;
8e
Trj<; %e<jrrpcx)r 5
/cat
dXXa
Euphronius
genti,
now
;
Paris
at
(3)
Museum
Bologna and (4) a red figured vase found atTruvo (M. d. arch. Inst., Rom. Abth., IX (1894), 229 ff. and PI. VIII). These are described and discussed by Frazer, II, 159-lGO. They were doubtless derived from the painting of Micon.
his rescue
4,
Hyginus, Fab. 70
Mythog. Gr.,
etc.
ed. U.
Wagner,
Updv
t
I,
181
ff.,
Cf. Pans.
Aios
iv
Ao)BS)vt\:
on
et
25.
Iirel
ov Stivao-Oai TTiv
o-<j>paiirei
in
The
ruins
lie
seven
verb in the
Cf.
3.
1,
The
8; 10,
7,
The same
w's
construction
occurs with
and
relatives in oralio
;
obliqua, as e.g. 3, 4, 4
8, 53,
9, 33,
was regarded as the and these mysterious sounds were interpreted by priestesses.
the sacred oak
voice of Zeus,
Cf.
4; 10,
is
4,
4; 10, 4,0.
This construction
Hom. Od.
;
^,
327,
t,
219; Aesch.
s.v.
frequent in Hdt.,
Thuc, and
Plato.
Prom. 851
Stepli.
SA^X'TLARY OF TIIKSEUS
Ch.
17,
93
rfj
tov Oeov
<f>r}y6<;
irpo^ 8e
Kt^vpw
Xifipr)
^A^epovaia KaXovjxemr]
/cat iroTafxhs
^A^epcov, pel Se
ravra
Q}paK(x)<; 6?
hov
/cat hr)
Kol
to,
7r/3Ce>TtSt
OecrdaL.
45 9 *A(^tSi'a^' ot
/cat
/xei/
Tut'Sapfw TratSe?
/cat Tifi^
Meveadev^ Se
Tcjv
Ev/Sotav
irpoiTOiv
8e, et ttotc
napa
Oecr-
50 depaireia^
ra tov
Sijixov KadtcrTaTO,
w? i^crea avaawBevTa
B-r^crevg
varepou
(i)va
aTrojcrOrjpaL.
crreXXeTat
817
irapa AevKokC-
Kara yeVov?
ddvaTov
/cat ot
'O [xeu
MapadcovL ecr^ou,
TO<;
dvacrrdTov;
Kt/utwi/o?
rou MtXrta8ov
Savdrov
1,
/cat
ra otrra
;
AwStivr],
kt\.
(r77K6i is
used by Pausanias
a-rjubs
also
tlie
construction of
is
'AOrjvaiois i-^iveTo
(J
mythological
II,
sites,
unusual.
:
Pollux,
thus defines
<Tr\Kbv
100-162.
44.
is
(7t;/c6s
ol fikv
yap aKpL^iarepov
oi
tov
''A|>i8vav 01
Tv8ap
the in-
Si iroi-qral
Aphidna
In Plut. Cinion, 8,
Helen
0,
often mentioned.
the
tomb
of Tiiesous
called
o-tj/cos.
58.
;
5; and Hdt.
4,
73
tos k% 'AO^vas:
Plut. Thes., 30
3, 7
;
for the
of the
Aphidna
is
now
and thirteen
this
is
Diod.
4, 02.
The
commanded
'O
|Jiv
hi\
T^o-^ws o-TjKos
in
ans to bring back the bones of Theseu.*^. Accordingly they contjuered Scyros in
94
18 KOjJiLoravTo^ 69 ^AdTJva<i-
ap^aiov, avroi re
i(f)'
linroiv
IvravOa Tlo\vyvcoTO<^
'laaouos
cnrovhrj
e^ovra
e?
avTOVs
oe
Trj<;
eypaxjfe
5 TOV<;
M lk ojp
Kai ol
fxeTOi
t^
K6\)(ov<; irXevcravTa^
'^
ypa(f)yj<;
/aaXtcrra e?
virep
iTnrov<5
e^et
Tovq 'A/cao"rov.
Se
t(x)p
lepov
'AyXavpov
moii,
Tefxevo^ icTiv.
Var. Hist.
:
4, 5,
etc.). 2. Kal
relics the
01 iraiScs kt\.
following year.
Pollux were by
Mnesileos (Apollod.
liefs
The
re-
Amy-
and Sanctuaries in the Peribolus of the Temple of Olympian Zeus Isocrates Temple of Olympian Zeus Buildings of Hadrian in Athens. the 1. TO 8 icpov Twv Aioo-Kovpcdv sanctuary of the Dioscuri was also
3.
IIoXvyvw-
called
'AvdKiov.
1,
;
Cf.
Thuc.
8,
93;
was near the Aglaurus precinct 1, 18, 2), and this is definitely located on the north slope of the Acropit
twv and Phoebe, daughters of Leucippus, were betrothed to Lynceus and Idas, the sons of Aphareus. But the Dioscui'i, who were invited to the wedding, carried off the maidens from Messene, Castor marrying Ililaera and Pollux
typ'*''!'*
V^-JAOV
TWV
0vyciTpa)v
AtvKitnrov:
(Pans.
olis
(see
below).
1,
This
to
is
confirmed
states that
by Polyaen.
Pisistratus,
21, 2,
who
Nem. 10, 11,2.-4. MKv it is not known what scene from the Argonautic expedition was selected
Phoebe.
Cf.
Schol.
Pind.
112; Apollod.
:
3, 10,
3;
wishing
disarm
the
Anaceum, whence
their weapons were conveyed to the Aglaurus precinct. Lucian (Pise. 42) represents the needy philosophers clambering up into the Acropolis on ladders planted in this sanctuary. Its extent is indicated by the fact that troops of infantry and of cavalry assembled there (Thuc. 8, 98 Andoc. 1, 45). The "AvaKes were here worshiped under the name of Saviors
;
by Micon, but most authorities tliink was the funeral games celebrated by Acastus in honor of his father Pelias. Cf. Miss Harrison, Ancient Athens, p. 102, and Murray, Handbook of Gk. Arch. p. 370.
8.
'
A-yXavpou
T|jivos
is
precinct of Aglaurus
a cavern about
Pan on
the
(cf.
of the
PRECINCT OF AGLAURUS
Ch.
18,
95
(fyaatu
i<s
Adr)vav ^Epi^Boviov
Tr)v TrapaKaTaOrJKrjv
TToXynpayixoveiv Udj/Bpocrov
Svo
duol^ai
p.v St)
XeyovaL
Ttt? oe
cJ?
yap
(T(f)d<s Trji>
kl^ojtou
TreCdeo-OaL,
re,
rjv
p-aiveadai
Kara
Trjq aKpoTToXeoj^;,
evBa
plxpaL.
M^Sot
crpop
rj
KaTe(f)6pevcrav
'
Be/Lxtcrro/cXT^? elBepac
UpvTapetop
Long Hocks {MaKpal sc. lUrpat), mentioned Eur. Ion, 402 ff. A secret
of the
staircase,
some
in the Erechtheum and was fed with honey cakes once a month (cf. Hdt. 8, 4 Plut. Them. 10 Ar. Lys. 758 ff. and
; ;
led
down from
It
schol.).
10.
:
KaraOcio-av Is Kipwrov,
is
cavern.
dTrenroOcrav
noteworthy
the lack of a
Pausanias had
Soiivai (paanv
or
some
Kara-
been normal.
deicra
TTos
Cf. Apollod.
I.e. nai
'A-y\avpu>
Athena
Dem.
ID,
avrbveis
K^KpoK'i.ar7)v
'EpixOoviov:
features with
to Eur.
the
avoi-yeiv.
12.
dvoi^ai YoLp
very freparen-
different writers.
According
quently
in Pausani;us, as in
Tluicydides,
Ion, 22,
a clause introduced by
thetically
-^dp is
thrown
in for the
explanation
according
of a statement.
So
e.g. in
Book
;
1,
him
to
Pandrosus alone
13,
in Ilyg. Astron. 2,
20, 5
27, 10
31. 3
to the daughters of
Erechtheus.
7.
7,
14.
iravapdvTs
was
count
53,
in
Herodotus,
141-143;
8,
51-
In Apol-
IIpvTavtWv
t<rTiv
Erichthonius
B, 547;
and
Erechtheus
(cf.
were
the
.sacred centre
originally identical
II.
Schol. Horn.
town
hall.
'EpexOe^s),
When
came
2,
the
Prytaneum
of Attica (Tluu-.
Its
es.sential
who
lived
15;
96
dydXixaTa
/cetrat /cat
20 xe
/cat
/xere-
evTevOev lovcnv e? ra
its
was
fire
petual
kurbeis
Ilarpocr. s.y.'A^jvl;
Kvp^eis.
1,
7;
6,
8,
etc.).
Roman
Vesta.
AvToXwKOs 6 ira-yKpaTiaand Frazer's note. The statue was by the son and pupil of Myron (Pliny N. H. 34, 79, with Jex-Blake's note). Autolycus was winner in the pancratium at the PanacTT^s
:
20.
Cf.
s.v.
cf.
Ach. 124
Eq. 709
Dem.
7,
20, etc.).
murdered
in
He
is
maintenance
Apol. 36).
the
in the
Prytaneum
(Plat.
rds
As regards the site, PauPrytaneum was near Aglaurus precinct, and as he was
it
Greek statues so as
the portraits of
them
off as
going eastward
was
to.
seems to have been common under the Romans. Cf. Pans. 1,2,4; 2,9,8; 17,3; 8,9,9. DioChrys.
later personages
37, p. 304, tells of a statue of Alci-
speaks
(1, 18, 4)
of going thence es
biades inscribed
with
the
name
of
time,
the
magistrate
called
.3),
with
the
name
of
Mark
Antony.
22.
and in which the sacred marriage of the King Archon's wife to Dionysus continued to take place at
century B.C. (Arist.
(jLoi
of the
Pausanias
now proceeds
T 01
SoXwvos
kt\.
these copies of
eastward as far as the stadium. It seems likely, therefore, that the sanctuary of Serapis was situated somewhere
to the northeast of the Acropolis, prob-
the laws of Solon were engraved ou quadrangular wooden tablets called azo?ies,wliich
ably
in-
new
Metropolitan church.
laws engraved on tablets called kurbeis stood in the Royal Colonnade (1, 3, 1).
dead Apis, or sacred bull, honored under the attributes of Osiris he was
;
TEMPLE OF
Ch.
18,
ILITIIYIA
97
e? tovto
ecmu
iXOovcrap i^ 'Tnep/BopecDP
aWov?
Ovovai
/cat
KprJT<; 8e
^wpas
35
dviap
/cat
TratSa
Hpa?
to,
dvias Ke/cctXvTTTat
^oapa
TO 8e dp^aioTaTOP 'Epvcrc^Oopa
e/c
AyjXov
KOfXicrai.
Uplp he
40 i^o? 6
'A8ptaayaXpa
llie
P(i)pai(op /3acnXev<;
top re
t'aot'
25)
;
dpedrjKe koI to
and was
identi-
this
spot to
ir\r\<rLov
His wor-
wliicli
I'ausanias refers.
29.
:
ship
was a combination of Egyptian and Greek cnlts, and became popular 27. \o>plov in Greece and Rome. v0a IIcpCOovv kt\. the agreement was to carry off Helen from Sparta, to draw lots for her, and he to whom .she fell should aid the other in winning a
the site
it
was
doubtless northeast of the Acropolis, in the neighborhood of the present Metropolitan church, confirmed to
some ex-
wife.
to
Cf. Plut.
The.s. 31,
according
(CI. A.
1580).
The goddess
of
whom
childbirth
Eumenides at Colonus. There was a place in Athens near the Theseum called the Horcomosium, so named because on this spot Theseus had sworn
peace with the
had also a sanctuary in the suburbs of Agrae to the southeast of Athens, as we learn from the inscription on one of the seats of the Theatre of Dionysus (C.I. A. Ill, 319). 39. is to Upov Uvai toO Atos tov 'OXvfiirCov on the temple of Olympian
:
Amazons
(Plut. Thes.
40.
T6aYaXp.a
98
64a<i
jxtj
Se
e/c
irpos TO jxeyeOo^
45 fxep elai
opwaiv
ivravda
yap
d?
'
St)
ttci?
dv^pidvTOiv Se
'ASptai^ov
50 'AdiqvaloL
diro
TrdXews
(T<^d<i
iKd(TTr]<5
elKcou
ySacrtXew?
dvdKeLTai,
koX
virepe^akovTO
tov vaov 6ea<;
7
oiricrde
d^iov.
j^ao?
ecrrt
ivTavOa ocrov
tttj^vv to
Kai Xeyovcri
55 pxjyjpaL TavTr)
eros
8
T0V9
di^SjOtct?,
OS eg
fJLVTJixrjp
Tpia
iimropcoTaTov
Qias a^iov
the
statue
was doubtless
copied from the famous Zeus of Pliidias at Olympia, and the type is in turn reproduced on Athenian coins. These
hand and the sceptre in his left. See Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, pp. 137, 138, with pi. BB, iv. the Ian52. vaos Kpdvow Kal 'Peas guage of Pausanias would imply that this temple also was in the peribolus of the Olympieum. Yet cf. Bekk.
:
and in part outside the peribolus. and cult of Ge Olympia are closely associated with the sanctuary of Zeus Olympius near the Ilissus, and are to be distinguished from the sanctuary of Ge surnamed Kourotrophos just west or
Ilissus
Tt'nevos rfjs: this j^recinct
by Time.
2,
15
and Paus.
1,
22, 3.
Plut.
neighborhood of the stele of the Amazon Antiope, which we have seen was near the Itonian gate. See on Paus. 1,
2,1.
Anec.
TTttjod
I,
275, 20,
Kp6vLov ri/xevos
t6
On
firirpcfov
Excursus
vit.
III.
where the editors, following Wachsmuth, Rh. Mus. XXIII, 17, read for d7op$, iv'Aypqi. So the sanetuary probably stretched up to the
TOV iv dyopqi,
5G. 'lo-oKparovs
dvSpids
kt\.
ac-
cording toPs.-PIut.
x Or., p. 839b, this statue of bronze was set up by Aphareus, the adopted son of the
HADRIAN'S IUILI)IX(JS
Cli. 18, 9
99
fxeu OTL ol
^LoxravTi
err]
on
7rpo9 Ty)v
dyyeXiav
ireXevrrjcrev ede\ovT-q<;.
-^aXKOvv TpCrroSa
rpiTTOv^.
65 XeyovcTL
dv^ovTe<;,
Oeas
d^LOL
/cat
avrol kol 6
olKohofjLrjcraL
oj?
AevKattoXv
Xlcou
'
AOyjurjcTLv
dcfyeaTTjKOTa.
^
'AS/atai^o?
aXXa
klov<;
A0r)vai.oL<;,
vaov Hpa<;
tol
Ato5 HaveXXrjvLov
/cat
^eot? rot?
8e eTTi^avedTOLTa eKaTOv
etcrt
^pvyiov Xidov
ot
TTeTroLrjvTaL Se /cat
ret
avra
Tot^ot.
/cat
OLKij/xaTa
ivTavdd
/cat
orator.
the traditional
is
almost opaline
in its
play of colors"
con-
(Century Dictionary).
07. 'ASpiavos hi KaT<rKvdo-aTO
\kkv
King
the
Philip, in
which
Kal
aWa
*A0T)vatois
ktX.
the other
Isocrates sees in
career of the
Persians.
See
II,
:
in
XX
(1805),
109-110;
31
fl.
Orators,
62.
which Hadrian and the Empress Sabina were worshiped as Zeus and Hera; cf. Dio Cass. 19, 10; (2) the
Pantheon, already referred to
5) as
(1,
Phrygian marble was a hard limestone, known to-day under the name of Pavonazzetto.
5,
all
Ill,
52
f.
It
was used
in
architecture
in
other cities;
before the
Roman
period.
This work
char-
a pre.sent of
is
(Euseb.
Chron.
;
vol.
2,
p.
I<i7,
ed.
Hadrian's.
the
and yellowish
is
as the stoa of Hadrian could belong either to the gynniasium or the library,
alabaster-like base,
which
sometimes
more probably
to the latter.
100
ypa(f)alq
i(TTLP
75
Karci/ceirat
Se
e?
avra ^L^XCa.
Kal yvfjivdcnov
eTTOivvfxov
Trj<^
'AhpLavov
Al/Bvcov.
XiOoTOfxia^
19
Mera
ayaX^a
HvOiov
Xeyovcn Se
cos
i^eipyacrfxeuov tov
vaov
5 creus
dyvw'^
en
Tol<i
irdcriv
d^iKoiTO %rj-
e? tt^v ttoXiv
e'?
TreuXeyixefiqfi
aXXo
jxev
avrot?
e'ST^Xwcre^'
t]
ovSeV, aTToXvcra? Se w?
iraprjye tov 6po(f)ov,
(T(f)icn
dveppLxjjev e? vxjjrjXoTepov
rj
rw vaM
eg Se to ^wpiov,
T7]<i
'Ac^poSt-
X6yo<^
ov
fxrjv
ouSe
15
Ty]v 'A(f)poSiT'Y]v,
17
roi)
vaov irXTjaiov
e(TTr]Ke.
TavTr]<5
yap
(T^rjfxa fxcv
iTTLypafJLjJia
/cat
rot?
Ep/xat9,
TO Se
19.
ttjv
Ovpaviav
'A^/3oStri7^' rwz/
Temple of Apollo Delphinius Cynosargea Ilissus and Eridanus Lyceum Stadium of HeroArtemis Agrotera
Aphrodite inthe Gardens
Ilissus,
There was also a Pythiiun on the Acropolis slope. See Excursus III.
2.
des Atticus.
1.
oL^aXixa
'AiroXXwvos IIvOiov:
in
the image
was doubtless
in
asanctuary
quarter.
of Pythian Apollo,
this
An
by
altar
was erected
in the
Pythium
upon
this
the Delphinium is said to have been founded by Aegeus, whodedicaled it to the Delphinian Apollo and Artemis (Pollux, 8, 19). We have no inonuviow
mental evidence as
to the site, in
but we
6, 54)
concluding
was found
of
it.
where
intact,
theOlympieum.
K^irovs
lo-
Gardens is usually identified with the low ground to the east of the Olympieum, on the right bank of the Ilissus.
CYNOSARGES LYCEUM
Ch.
19.
101
to he ayaXfia
ttj^;
he 'HpaKXeov<; 3
'
koI
Kvva
elhe-
/Sojjxol
he
-qv
AXKjjLyjvy)^ re
25
KvKeiov he airo
This section
riant.
is
e^et to 6vop.a,
American and Eng-
still
the
17.
to Si a^aX^a
.
'A<|>po8-
schools.
Cyno.'jarges included a
Tj^s TTJs ^v
vo\;s
:
K^irois Jp-yov
'A\Ka|i,c-
Lucian (Imag. 4, 0) speaks of the Aphrodite as the most beautiful of all the works of Alcamenes he admired particularly the cheeks and
;
gynniasium as well sis a sanctuary, and was surrounded by a grove. The use
of the
for
and the
it
delicate tapering
of the fingers.
also speaks of
an alien mother, used to exercise here, but he lessened the disgrace by persuading some well-born youths to join
with him (Pint. Them.
nes, the founder of the
1).
Antisthe-
said to have
it.
Cynic school
The
and
acits
best repre.sented
of
13).
25.
(Diog. Laert. 0,
of Apollo called
Lyceum took
its
name
'HpaxX^ovs
Up<5v
Cynosarges,
in ancient
as
is
from tlie epithet Ai/Kftos ap])lied to the god (Lucian, Anacharsis, 7) not from an imaginary Lycus, as Pausanias would have it. Wolves were dear to Apollo and appear frequently in the myths told of him. Here was the mo.st
was situated outside the city walls (Plut. Them. 1), not far from
authors,
famous gymnasium
of the foundation
at
is
Here
shady
1,
13),
in
philo.sophy.
pacing
the
walks of the Lyceum, and from this habit liis followers were called the
Peripatetics.
The
site
is
known
to
102
'AttoXXwz^o? Se
Upov i^
Ka0
r)iJLa<;
ivofxC-
evTavda
(opofjidcrdr]
irpcorov
(fievycov
Xeyerac
Avko^
Atyea,
ecrrt
atrtdg
e'crrt
oe
30 oTTicrdev
Xdyo?
r/3t^a<?
ep*
r^
KecjtaXfj
OL TTopcfivpds
(ZTro/capetcrat?
35
Se
&>?
8e ot iprJTe<; rjXOov eg
aXXag
e'^
MeyaptSt
TrdXetg, e? oe
TTjv Ntcratat'
KaTa^evyovTa rov
Nto'o^'
inoXLopKovv
IvravOa
0*9
ciTre-
MtVw
Kat
Tavra
/xei^
ourco yevecrdai
Xeyovac
TroTafxol Se
A6y)vaioi<i 5
40 peovcTiv 'iXtcrd? re
/caret ret
avra
roi^ 'iXtcrdi'.
Bope'ou (fiacnp
cr(f)L(jL
dpTTaaOrjpaL
Sta
rag
ttoXXci?.
iXtcrta-
SetKi^vrat Se Kat
'
P0a lleXoTTOPPTJcnoL
The
by Dr. Dorp-
notbeen determined.
39. iroTaixoC: the Ilissus rises in
feld
Mt.
(1889),
Hymettus to the east of Athens, flows on the southern side of the city, and, after passing between the Museum hill and arocky height rising on its southern bank, disappears in the plain. There are now no plane-trees on its banks, as when Socrates discoursed with Phae-
Plato,
Critias,
112
a).
103
'Wlctov ^(opiov
50 'Apre/xtSo?
Xypai
iuravOa
Apreynv
irpcjTou
Sto,
Orfpevcrai
Xeyovaiv
to
iXdovcrav
e/c
XevKov Xidov.
p.eye6o<; 8e
jxaXLCTTa TeKfjiaipoLTo
55 fxevop
e'/c
ixr]poeLBov<; KaOrJKei
tov TTOTafiov
vr/ao? ti^i'
o^drjv
evdv re
/cat 8t7rXovi^.
p-rjae, /cat ot
oiKoSoixTjp dprjXcoOrj.
20
^(lipiop,
tovto fieyaXoL
Kai
49. xwplov "A-ypai: the district Agrae was situated 011 tiie left bank of the Ilissus, and was known indifferently as Agrae or Agra. Every year on the anniversary of the battle of Marathon five hundred goats were here sacrificed to Artemis A grotera. Tlie Lesser Mysteries of
two hundred and four meters, and breadth thirty-three and thirty-six
hundredths meters.
course.
Tliere
A
to
marble parapet
have been sixty
seem
tiers of seats,
persons.
Denieter.were performed at
Anthesterion.
20. Street of
Tripods
Agrae
in
The
site
of
and Phryne
Temple
:
of Dionysus
Praxiteles
Demeter
in
Agrae.
Capture of Athens by Sulla. 1. "EoTi 8 686s the line of this street to the east of the Acropolis is
tlie stadium is situated 53. (rrdSiov on the left bank of the Ilissus, about six hundred yards east of the Olympieum, in a valley between two parallel slopes, running from southeast to northwest; at the eastern extremity it is closed by a semicircular artificial embankment. The stadium was first built by Lycurgus, shortly before 330 B.C. in the third century b.c. it was repaired or improved by a certain Ileraclitus in the second century a. . Ilerodes Atticus fitted up the entire stadium
; ;
lin-
monument
stands
on
level
to one
ground, one hundred and thirty hundred and forty yards from
cliff
the eastern
the
of the Acropolis.
As
the
It
inscription
faces
southeast,
this side.
street
is
The
is
circular
the
monument
twenty-one
with marble.
The
total
length was
and a half
104
cr(f)i(nv
i(f)e(TTrjKa(rL
jjLVTJjxrjq
8e a^ta
i(f)
fjidXLcrTCL
5
irepie^ovTeq elpyaajxeva.
<fipovrjad.L
evr)
crarupo?
p.4ya-
yap eaTiv
(o
Upa^LTeXrfv Xeyerat
aLTOvcrrj^;
6 tl ol KoXkicTTOv
(f>acnv
ovk ideXeiv 6
tl
KaX\i(TTOv avTco ol
eifyacTKev
Icrhpa^JiOiv
OL^ecrOai
10 icnrecr6i'TO<;
vdvTa ye
e^co
dcfyaifLadrj2
vaL
Ilpa^LTeXr)<; 8e avTLKa
Kai ol Kap-opTL
r)
ovSeu
<j)Xo^
^pvvq
dappovvTa
eKC-
TTaOelv
yap dviapov
div eTToir^cre.
ovSev, Te^vji 8e
dXovTa ofxoXoyelv
KaXXicTTa
Epwra
alpel-
Tai
A.LOvv(T(x)
8e iv
rw
vaco
rw
irX-qcruov
Sp{xlXo<?
eiroviqcrev.
is
diameter, and
of Pentelic marble.
it
was
part of a group.
this
is
Possibly a replica of
Capitoline
Museum
in
punishment of the pirates by Dionysus, and the circular roof surmounted by the base on which the tripod stood.
Praxitelean in style.
3.
|Av/j(xiis
Ts lp7a<r|ivo
on
toi)
original
Hrunn sought to identify as an work of Praxiteles. IG. Aiovvo-u some archaeologists have held that this is the same satyr
H.
:
served as a roof.
8; 4, 14,
2.
Cf.
3,
18,
4.
o-drvpos
Athenaeus,
vaQ
rep
how
Praxiteles gave
of
the statue of
in the
There is nothing to show that this satyr, which formed part of a group, was by Praxiteles. Furtwangler is inclined to identify a wine-pouring satyr
and
tiiat
she chose
tell
the Eros
ruse.
of the
Pliny, N. H. 34,
mentions a
known
as
SANCTUARY OF DIONYSUS THEATRE
Ch.
20, 3
105
'rrpo<;
tw Oedrpo) to dp^aioraTov
9 iTroi-qcrev iXe(f)aPTO<;
6 T 'EXevOepevf;
6v AX/ca/xeVry
kol
^pvaov.
(TTOv e?
pCxjjaL
ianv dvdyoiv
jxvrfO'LKaKCJv
'']\<^aLL-
ovpavov Xeyerat
Oe
/cat
raSe
Hpa
ri^i'
yev6p,evov
W^aicTTOv, 6 o4 ot
Trefx^ai
/cat
25
eVet re
roii/
ynei^
aXXwi^
8e
ouSei't
TOV
p,d\i(TTa
TOJ' 69
ydp
tovtov TTidTd
Hc^atcrro)
/xe^ucra? auetcrt
30 Ilei'^eu?
ovpavov riyay' ravTct re S17 yeypafi/xeva Kat Av/covpyo? oli^ e'? Atot'va'OP' v^ptcrav
/cat
StSoi^re?
make
it
and an
antechamber.
tS
mains of a large base, which probably image of Diony.sus by Alcamenes. The date of this temple was probably not earlier tlian 420 n.c. The statue is inferred to have been a seated figure of colossal
size.
20.
^s
oipavov
TJ'ya'Yc
the reis
and
the Lenaeum.
On
the theatre
de-
20. 8vo
and the
tlie
See Bau-
The
Ko-
scher's Lexikon,
I, 2()^A-'20'>C>.
Homer
western end, and and west. In this temple was probably the image of Eleuits
orientation
is
east
Hephaestus from heaven, one that he was flung over the ramparts by Zeus
of
wooden one
to
with Hera
that
(II.
A, 590
ft".),
the other
Athens from Eleuthcrae (1, 38, 8) by Pegasus (1,2, 5). A few feet south of this temple are the remains of the later temple, larger in size, and with somewhat different orientation, consisting
Hera
his lameness,
cast him from heaven where Thetis and Eurynome received him (II. 2, 394 ff.). 30. IIcvOcvs Kal AvKoOp-yos: the nmrder
into the sea.
lOG
8tK"a9,
^ApidSfr) Be KaOevoovcra
/cat BT/creu?
dvay6fjievo<i Koi
Oedrpov
/xt/xr^crti/
Se T179
crKr]vrj<;
avro e?
aep^ov Xeyerat
iTroLijdr]
be kol Sevrepov, to
yap dp^aiov
atrta
St^
8t' r'jVTiva
oV Tponov e?
'Acrtai^ Sie^r]
r)
kol
40 ocra?
17
TToXifxu) /Siaadjxeuo^
jLtet*
TidXet? ecr^ev
to.
(^tXa?
eiroirj-
craTo,
raSe
rot<?
enLCTTacrdai
e?
ri^i^
MidpiSdTov deXovcn
Trfv 'AdrjvaLcov
jxeXeTO)St^Xwctoj.
iyd) 8e
ocroi^
dXwcnv
e^et
5
Mt^ptSari7? Trpea^eveiv
e? ret? TToXet?
45 i^atov9
of
Mt^ptSarT^i' Bea-Bai
'FajfjiaLcov eTTLTrpoo'dev.
Pentheus by the Maenads for his insolence to Dionysus is the theme of tlie Bacchae of Euripides. It is frequently represented on vase-paintings and sculptured reliefs. Various stories are told as to the punishment of Lycurgus, king oi the Edonians in Thrace. IIomer (II. Z, 130) says he was blinded by Zeus and died soon after according to others Dionysus himself blinded and crucified him (Diod. 3, (i5), or exposed him to panthers (Hyg. Fab. 132)
;
nor
later than
die campanische
Wandmalerei,
this
p. 257).
34.
Karao-Kcvao-iJia
was the
Xerxes
Odeum
(Plut.
was a round The building with a conical roof. comic poet Cratinus compared the high
peak-shaped head of Pericles to the
mured by
prison.
and figures largely in vase-paintings. Thus Philostratus, Imag. 14 (15), describes a similar picture in more detail.
Odeum. It was built by Pericles to be the scene of the musical contests at the Panathenaic festival (Plut. I.e.). Here too, the tragedies which were to be exhibited' at the Great Dionysiac
festival
It also
of the
SILLA AT ATHENS
CIi. 20, 7
107
to rapa^wSeg
Srjfxo<; rjv
Koi
StJjjlov
idekovrai.
yevoixevrjq
8e
ixd^rj^
ttoXXo)
*
nepLrjcrap ol
A6rjvaL0v<; eg
ApidTicova
fxeu /cat
^ap^dpov;
ov
(T<^d<^
HeLpaid
ovto<; rjv,
koI
fxev
twv ^ap^dpcjv
8rj
TOV9
XBrjvatoi^
TroXiopKLa
(>
55 KaOeiaTTJKein
T^7^'
'Atti/ct)!/ i^yti^.
//.ei^
TTVv6av6iJievo<? 6 (JTpaTr)yo<;
twv
'Vo)jxaio)v 'A^r^i^a?
toG
d(f)'fJKev,
hvvdixeo)<; e^cjv eg
Boiwroug diravTa.
vaTepov
eV
a/x^drepa
etr;
crrpardTreSa
ayyeXoi, SvXXct
/xei^ cog
'A^Tyvatotg
SvXXag Se
'
ojg
e'g
T17^'
AdiqvaLcov KaOeip^a^
e'/c
toi^
KepapeiKov tov
Xa^ovTa
cr(f)(i)v
dyeadai
ttjv
7
eVt OavdTO).
1,vXXov Se
dvtevTO^
e'g
e'g
A6rjvaiov<; tov
Ovpov
Se'
AeX^oug
ipopvoL<;
70 po)6rjvar''y
KaTaXap^dvot to ^peo)v TJSr] kol Tag \\.dyjva<; ipr}TOVTOtg e)(pr]crev rj Dv^ta to, e'g toi^ dcTKOv e)(ovTa.
rj
SvXXa
Tojl'g
v6cro<;
fj
^vXXa
rj
wg dvSpa ei^og
817
ipyd-
(xacrOaL 'Vcopalov
aiTLav yevdcrOai ol
e'g
108
tov
TToXcfjiov KaKojOelcrat
elcrl
tov
'Pcol
8e 'AOrj-
TToWai
rw OeaTpco Koi x/oaywSta? koX Kcu/xwSta? TOiv OLcfiaueaTepcop otl fxrj yap Meuau
Spo9, ovSei? ^v
5
7T0Lr]Trj<;
/cw/xwSta?
t(oi>
e?
So^av
rjKovTcov.
/cat
(T(j)(t)u
TLfjLaL<?,
im
to 6Va/3
e^eiv,
rroiy](Tiv
/cat
i(f)aLpeTO
ei(s}da(Ti
Xoy&ji^
to eTrayuiyou
2
^eiprjvL
ti71^
8e
vcrrepop
kol
rrjq ypa(f)'rj'^
t^
to
Se Atcr^vXo? jxeipaKiov
crTa(f)vXd<;,
wv
KaOevSetv iu OLyp(o
cf>vXd(Tcr(op
/cat
ot
Alopvcop
rjjjLepa
w? Se yp
set
Gorcjoneum on the south of the Acropolis Cavern above the theatre with Tripod Niobe Caand Daedalus Temple of Asclepius The Sarmatians Linen corseinthe theatre
loall
and
tragic Poets
Hadrian were
up by the twelve
found
Ocdrpw
(C.I. A.
:
406-409).
iv
rHo
for a
los
historical
sketch and
rpa-yuSCas
description
of
lets
2.
Gryneum
VI.
5.
up by
an example of this Athe2, 5, 43). naeus (1, p. 19 e) mentions the statue of an obscure Euryclides which stood with the statues of Aeschylus and his fellows. Here too were statues of Themistocles and Miltiades, and beside
himself,
is
by Pausanitis were probably the bronze statues of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, set up on the motion of Lycurgus(Ps.-Plut. vit. xOr. p. 841 f.).
After telling parenthetically the anecdote about Sophocles, Pausanias mentions
The
by
Sophocles story
the
told
more
fully
anonymous author
l-^O),
of the life of
Sophocles (niogr.Gr.,ed.Westermann,
p.
215
ff.,
ed.
Din-
who
dorf).
Twelve statues
of the
emperor
109
ttollv.
3
TTeidecrBai
ovTO<;
p.v
yap
ideXeiu
pacrra
17817
Treipcofxevo^
ravra ekeyep
eVt 8e tov
e's
Nortou KaXovfievov
icTTi Terpap-fjie-
to dearpov
eVt;)(/3ucro?
avaKei-
Tttt K(f>a\'rj,
alyl<; TrenoiiqTaL.
eV 8e r^ Kopv(})fj
irerpai';
^
vno
Tr)v
aKpo-
Tpinovs Se
Tov<i
eirecTTL
koL tovtco
etcrti'
KttoWojv 8e eV avrw
Ntd)8T79.
KoX
" XpTepi<;
7rar8a9
dvaLpovfTe^; tov^
avrds
1801^
dveXdcJu e?
/cat Kp7)pj^6^
rdi^ StTrvXci^
TO opo^'
7)
eaTiv ovSev
rrev-
el
opdv Kai
30
'l6vT(i)i>
KaTr)(f)rj
yvvaiKa.
T'171^
8e 'AdrjuYjaLV e?
aKpoTTokiv
oltto
tov OeaTpov
TeOaiTTai KaXa>9
20.
tovtoi^ toi'
KaXwi'
dheX(f)rj<s
MeSovot]?
Tf)s
Fop-yovos irxpv:
70$ dvaKcirai
KC()>aX^
this
was
5,
set
See
12, 4.
seated statue
now
in the British
Mu-
seum.
the
An
monument was
dedicated by Thra-
syllus of Decelea, in
serve as a
22.
evil eye.
is still
of a victory
(TirTJXaiov
this
cave
to
chorus
tals
in the
(320-31!)
i!.c).
two
ixnles-
Cave (Panagia
Spiliotissa).
monument
doubtless
suji-
century,
its
was probably
of the tripod.
Arteiuis,
monument
of Thrasyllus,
was probably
31.
Tt'eairrai
is
Daedalus
KdXws commonly
the
nephew
of
called Talos
by
which
by a
frieze.
in turn
ancient writers, but Clement of Alexandria (Protrei)t. 4. 47, p. 41, cd. Potter)
and Suidas
(s.v.
lUpbmos hpbv)
110
Aat8aXo9
e? KpiJTrjv e<f)vy,
Tov Se
35
'Acr/cX.T77rtov
to lepop e? re
ret
ayakp,aTd
ret?
icrTcp,
onoaa
9ea<i
TOV Beov
TreTTOLrjTaL
ypa<^a^
d^Lov
ecTTL
Se eV
avTM
Kpiqvr], irap^
fj
'
Xeyovcru IlocretSwi^os
TTatSa 'A\ipp6diov
BvyaTepa Apecos
AXKLTT7Tr)v al(r)(vvavTa
totjto)
dirodaveiv vno
crOai TTpoiTov.
40
" Apeoi^,
tw
(f)6v(p
yeve-
ivTavda akXa
tSai^
Ocopa^
is TovTov Tt9
(f)'ij(Tei
ovhkv
^dpov?
cro(f)ov<^
^avpo/xctrai?
yap
elcri.
yovcnv
afXLKTOi
yap
inl pev
roof, in
ter,
which
is
tlie
name
244,
of
Perdix ("partridge").
8,
by
and
Daedalus is said to have nuirdered him by throw^ing him from the Acroijolis, because Calos had surpassed
274.
cures
(cf.
him
in
of the west
Tlie grave of Calos was on the southern slope of the Acropolis between the theatre and the sanctuary
Somewhat
of Asclcpius.
34.
tov
Si 'Ao-KX-qiriov:
and other
lists
officials of
the
sanctuary.
Two
tlie
west of the theatre precinct, bounded by rock of the Acropolis on the north,
nish interesting
found on the
as gold
site (C.I.
A.
II,
835, 830),
and by a retaining-wall still extant on the south. There still exist considerable monumental remains of a colonnade within the precinct; and through an arched doorway in the back wall of
the colonnade admission
small
is
and
silver representations of
hands,
It is
and the
like.
noteworthy that
in describing the
given to a
in
the
makes no mention of (1) the Colonnade of Eumenes, and (2) the Music Hall of Ilerodes Atticus, two important extant monuments.
THE SARMATIANS
Ch.
22, 1
lU
45 Tot9
hopaatv ai^/xa?
6crT.tva<; olptI
aeipaZ<;
Trepi^oKovTe*; tcou
TroXefxiwu
6tt6(Jov<;
koX tv-
^OLP, Tov<;
i'ttttov? d7ro(TTpxlfauT<;
tov<; eVcr^ef>
av oure
is tStw-
kXt7/30U9 r>j9
y^9
fXfXpL(TIXl^7]<^
OVT TL
(f)epOV(rr]<i TT\rjV
vkrf<;
^po)VTai fxovov,
(TiTovvT at.
65 SteXdt're?
aWct
/cat
aXXw?
/cat
an
avTcou ip,(^eprj
^paKovTOiv ^o\iaiv
tw Kapnio
e/c
Trj<;
/xat? eiKat^oiv to
epyov to
/cat
Trjq 6nXrj<^
ovk av afjiaprduoi.
^oa>p (Tvppdxjjau-
Tavra hiarpricravTes
GO re?
criv
vevpois Inncov
/cat
/cat
ydp
crvcTTdhrjv
Tvm6p.evoi
/cat
7
^krjOevTes dve^ovrai.
pikv
Toi/
(35
ol Se ^wpa/ce? ol
Xtuol pia^op.evoi<^
ov^
6fJL0L(o<;
etcrt
aihiqpov
ydp
(j(f)icri
/cat Xd^'Ta)^'
ei'
0d)paKa<? Oe Xt-
t'0U9 tSt^'
veCo),
/cat
$ea<; rjhovrjv.
]
22
Mera
TToXti^
tovcrt
Ke'^oxTTat Se Trpd
sjiiSos vacSs
:
avTov
22. Temple of Themis Hippolytus a)id Phaedra Temple of Ge Kourotrophos and Demeter Chloe The Propylaea Temple of Nike Apteros Death ofAegeus Pinakotheke Musaeus
Aphrodite
112
[jivrjfxa
'iTTTroXvTO)e'/c
tov Se
ol
Xeyovcnv
5
KaTapwv.
^ap^dpcDv yXwcrtt]'^
rpo-
TO
e'g
Trji'
SiaKoviai' ToXixrjfxa.
ean
8e
/cat
Tpot^T^vtot?
Br^crevs cJ? 2
'IttttoXvtov
Toi(f)o<;
e^et
Se' cr<^i(TLv
wSe 6 Xoyo?.
et ot
yevoivTo TratSe?
duT. avTO)v,
napd
lipoi^rjpo^;.
TratSe? iiravi-
crTiqaav Br^cret'
(xioiv etVe/ca,
ret
e'9
Tpott^yjua eyo^erat
Kadap/cat
Kat ^aiSpa
pivpaivy] Se eVrt
(j)v-
15 TpoLl,r)VLOL<;
^'at
rd
(f)vXXa Sta
Trd(Tr)<;
e^ovcra TeTpvvqixeua-
Se ou/c
e'^ dp'^rj':;
e'9
T^
ToiavTrfv Xeyovcriv,
dcr7]<^
aXXa ro epyov
77)1^
yeyeTat9
e'Tret
;j
vTjcrBai Trjq
roi^
epcura
Bpi^lv
re
'
et^^ej/
<I>atS^a.
e'9
'A(f)poSLTr]i>
/^ttav
Se
IlavSr/jaor,
A6ir]vaLov<i ^7]<tv<;
20 avTTjv re
aej^eaOai
tjv
ra
/u,ei^
Si^
TraXata
-qv
dydXpara ovk
in ipov, rd Se
tlue
e'vr'
e'/xou
re^viTMv
ov
Acropolis.
Inscriptions
been determined.
3.
jiviifjia
'IiriroXv-
found on
rison,
this site.
No
trace of the
Tw
and
887
Be
ff.
11(30
ff.
Miss HarAncient Athens, pp. 105-110, defends this Aphrodite against the slurs
actual sanctuary remains.
cast on the
18. *A(|>po5iTT]v
ttjv
ndv8T]|x,ov
s.v.
that she
A(f)po5iT7j says that this was "the name given at Athens to the goddess whose worship had been establishcd somewhere near the ancient
3),
of
agora."
which the other two were Heavenly Aphrodite and Aphrodite the Averter. 20. TlciOto the Athenians annually
:
demus was
THE
Ch.22, 4
AC'RO POLLS
/cat Vrj<;
113
/cat Aijixr]-
T(i>v
a<^ave(TTdT(iiv.
ecrxt
Se
KovpoTp6(f)Ov
Xoyoug.
25
'E? 8e
^erat,
aKpoTTokiv
icmv
(ToSo<; /xta
krepav 8e ou napeto.
naaa
r^v
Twi^
7r/3oet^.
ra?
/xei^ ovt'
enreiv, eire
ol TTaio<s
priestess in the
351).
tlieatre
22.
rfjs
KowpoTp64>ov
Solon
H, 438).
KovpoTp6(pos,
According
Ericlitho-
mass of rock extending east and west. The north and east sides are naturally steep and inaccessible the south side slopes more gradually, and needed especially strong fortifications, while on
;
Suidas
s.v.
the western side the Acropolis slopes gently toward the Areopagus, this forming the natural approach.
olis
first
to sacrifice to Earth
tlie
Acropolis
and the Ephebi seem to have kept up the custom (C.I. A. II, 481, 1. 58 sq.). This sanctuary was either at the southwest corner or else due west of the Acropolis, and somewhere along the winding road followed by Pausanias. A'^|j.T)Tpos Upov XX6t]s from the evidence of ancient passages and of in-
surface
is
above the
is
about
south
of
from north
to
scriptions
it is
about one hundred and forty-eight yards. See Excursus VII. 26. rd
the
hi irpoirvXaia
western
the Acropolis.
Propylaea, see
rds
.
. .
Excursus VIII.
t-n-rrewv
28.
:
Aristophanes
describes a
(Lysistrata,
831
scjcp)
tlKOvas tv
kt\.
por-
Acroi)-
Verdant Goddess.
"near
go
"I
will
Tlie
hue of
olis of
the Acrop-
Athens
is
and pedestals of statues of hoisemen have been found, which faced each other on opposite sides of the way leading up to the Acropolis. An in.scription shows that they were dedicated in honor of a cavalry victory, and mentions the names of three cavalry officers, among them a Xenophon and it is clear that the original statues were not set up later than 437 n.c Another inscription on one of the pedestals shows that the
tions of the inscribed bases
;
114
aXXa>? e? evTrpd-neiav
TreiTOLrjfjieuai
ro)v
Se
TT poTTvXaidiv
rj
ev Se^to.
ivTevOev
ddkacrcrd
ian
Atyev?
rj
iavTov
cos
\4yovcnv eTekevrr^aev.
rj
duTJyeTO fxeu
yap
vav<; 5
jxeXacTLV
35
Tavpov
ea)(v
IcFTLOLS
8e
lcrTLOL<i
enXeL
yap
T6Xixy]<?
tovtcov Xyjdrju
oj?
ApLdSvrjp
d(f)r)pr]pepo<;
evravOa
Atyev?
eihev
40 vaL
SoKwu,
eVrt KaXovpevou
7T poTTvXaioiv
Atyew?.
ol
irapd 'AdrfuaiOL^
6
ovrocrats 8e
Ka94(TTr]Kev
horseman was
statue
of
converted into a
Pausanias's
Gernianicus.
There are no indications whatever that the walls were painted nor are there any holes
paintings or easel-paintings.
;
in the walls to
show
Xenophon
:
of the inscrip-
31.
Niktis
on the temple of Athena Victory, see Excursus IX. 38. AIyvs the story of the death of Aegeus is similarly told by Diodorus (4,
'AirTtpov va6s
:
were hung from nails. The title of Polemo's treatise on the pictures in the Propylaea, wepl tQv ii> toXs irpoTrvXaioii irivdKuv, in its use of wlm^ rather than ypacpri, is in favor of the view that the pictures were easel-pieces rather than
wall-paintings.
The
it
careless style of
I'ausanias
makes
impossible to deterlist
17
and
22)
and
the
mine with
but the
(1)
exactne.ss the
of paint-
3, 74).
At
seems
to be as follows
Athena Victory
rests, a
Rape
;
of Pallas's
des
(2)
Odysseus carrying
bow
some
42.
building.
by
site of the
heroum
ol'KT)fjLa
i\pv -ypa4>ds
its
this
chamThere
wall-
ber
still
preserves
gone.
chamber were
and of sons of Nauplins by vSacrifice of Polyxena (5) Achilles among the maidens of Scyros; (0) Odysseus and Nausicaa with her maidens (7) Portrait of Alcibiades with trophies of victory at Nemea (8) Perseus carrying tlie head of
Orestes,
;
Pylades
(4)
THE
6 ^p6vo<;
6
jaei/
nCTI'RP:
GALLERY
AiOfXTJ^rj^; tjv
115
koX 'OSvcrcrev'?,
amo9
a^avecriv exvat,
45 'A0r)vav
i^ 'iXiov.
AlyiaOov
roSe to
(ofxhu ovto)<;
epyov
50 v
Se
^aiverai
ojjlolu)^
TTOirjcrai
(Tav,
ovheu
Trap^eVot?
Kal TloXuyi'WTC?
eypa^e Se Kat
O/xr/po?
77/309
rw
Nau-
55 S19
Kal
;
eTTOLiQcre.
ypa(f>ai
etcrt
/cat
aXXat Kat
Medusa
(10)
(0)
that the
attire
by Timaenetus (11) Portrait of Musaeus. 43. Aio|ji'^8t]s the language of PauTJv Kal '08vo-<rvs sanias implies that Odysseus carried off
Wrestler,
:
the
bow
of Philocteles.
This
is
the
young Achilles wore female and lived among the daughters of Lycomedes, king of Scyros, is told by Hyginus, Fab. 90; Bion, 2, 15 sq.; Schol. Honi. II. I, %8. 53. Navo-iK$: see Homer, Od. f, 85 sqq., for
story as told
Kal 'A\KiPidST]s
dramas on the same subject (Dio Clirys. Or. 52). But the older tradition followed by Lesches in his Little Iliad ascribes this achievement to Diomedes
(Proclus in Epic. Grace. Fragm., ed.
Athenaeus,
12,
p.
534
i>,
k,
(juoting
Kinkel, p. 36).
tion represents
As
common
tradi-
lap.
Plutarch
Diomedesas playing the chief part but assisted by Odysseus. So Lesches in the Little Iliad. Thus Diomedes on the Tabula Iliaca is seen carrying the I'alladium, while Odysseus follows liim. Other versions and moiuiments give Odysseus the chief
part in
thi.s
mentions a painting by Aristoi)hon of Nemea with Alcibiadcs in her arms. Both doubtless refer to the picture here mentioned by Pausanias.
It is
necessary, therefore, to
in
author-
achievement.
52.
:
'AxiX-
notus
phon.
their father
lie
the story
116
ev
TTj
ypaffifj
KOfxit,6p.vo';,
kol
tol jxev 9
cr'r)fJLrjvai
ert
icTTL
Movcrato?.
he
eirr]
ecm
ireTeaO ai
Movacuov
p.6vov
e?
Kara
crat
rjhrj ttjv
e?
aKponoXiv
yeveaOai
'Epjxrjv
ttoltj-
TOV
'^oj(f)povLcrKov Xeyovcriv,
Tj
o)
cro(f)M
/xctXtcrra
dvOpcoTTcov ecTTLv
70
Ilv^ta jxdpTvs, o
fxrjhe
'Avd^apatv
eOe-
\ovTa
of the
35, 60)
6fJL0)<;
Kol
St'
Xaplrwv elpydearo
Diog.
Laert.
2,
dyd\p.aTa
5,
'AOrjvaioLs.
explanation.
19,
He probably
57.
Schol. Apoll.
10,
p.
Rhod.
4,
1515; Strabo,
5,
same figures of the Graces. See also Plmy, N. H. 36, 32, and Schol. Ar. Nub. 773. The Chiaramonti relief in
487
Ovid, Met.
242 sqq.;
Rome
is
63. ircTroi-qKcvavrd
Musaeus, Hipparchus from
Onomacritus, invited to
which suggests
a celebrated original.
representing
Compare also an
was expelled by Athens for having been convicted of forging an oracle, and fled to the coast
of Persia (Hdt. 7, 6). to
Museum
He
is
also said
any of these
work
as-
have forged poems in the name of Orpheus (Clem. Alex. Strom. 1, 21,
131, p. 397, ed.
cribed to Socrates.
see Plato, Apology,
67.
2uKpdTT)v:
20k-21a; Diog.
II, 50,
Potter).
See Epic.
ff.
Laert. 2,
5,
37
concern-
Kttl
XdpiTas
also
mentioned by Pausanias
in 9, 35, 7,
117
i
aXka
re
Xeyovcru
Kv^eXov
/cat
Trai? 'iTTTTta?
(fakoipdpcoiroL
cro(f)a>TpoL
to.
re
Tjaav
oca
-qKev e?
iTTTTtag
aXXa
re i^prjaoiTo 6vp.oi
"iTTTTapxo^;
TTLaTOL Se
10 aLKLo,
e'?
TavTy)v
yoip-,
eVet re diredaveu
aXXa>9
'iTTTTta? et^et^
eV
ApLcrToyeLTOvo^ iincrTd-
lxevo<;
dvTi Se Tourwi^, eVet TvpavvCSoq i-TTavOrjcrau ol 11 etcrtcrrp artSat, _^aX/c>J Xe'ati^a ^ Adrjvaioi^ Icttiv
e'?
(fiacnv
dvddrjfxa elvai
23.
T/te
/cat
Sagrcs
ipyov KaXa/xtSo?.
8).
/Secen
o/ Greece Diitrephes
on the A cropnTemple of Brauronian Artemis and the Wooden Horse Tliucydides Phonnio.
intei-est
tlie
work
"On Glory"
(see
Philar-
among them
The anec8,
45
G18,
4, 11), 122, p.
1.
cirrd
(roj>ovs:
for a
list
of tlie
Athen.
13, p.
500
;
.
and
Plu-
10, 24, 1,
who
Lactantius Divin.
Instit. 1, 20.
names Thales
of
that she
of Sparta,
in the
Propylaea, and had no tongue to commemorate the fact that Leaena betrayed none
of her associates.
From
the order in
the Chenian.
ited
which
it is
by Ildt. 5, 92. but he is usually counted among the Seven Sages. Cf.
Diog. Laert.
1,
a-yaX|xa
'A<|>po8(Tris
what
is
7, 81.
7.
It
'Itttto-
had already been told by Pliny (N. II. 34, 72) and Plutarch (I)e garrulitate,
I,
old
some
118
HXrjaiov Se
^Xr]ixeuo<;.
criv
rj
'
icm
ALLTpe(f)ovq
ovto<; 6 AuTpe(f)r]<;
aXXa
fJLLcr9(oTov<i
vcrrepov
Ar)ixocr6i'7]<;
XvpaKovaa^
e^eVXevcre, tovtov^
/cat St)
oj? vcrTepr]-
et*
^i/-
Mv/caXi^crcrtajj^ Se
Holcotcop
ydp
eV
ifxov,
/cat
OLaffyvyoPTcov
el
oe
Mv/caXT^crfrtofi ot /Sdp/Bapoi
toctov- 4
rov
KWrjcnv
otl
ixr^
ov To^eveiv
t^St]
AoKpov^ yap
icrfxev,
rov<;
^Ottovvtlovs
Kara rd MTjSt/cd
To^a kol
ovs 'O/^T/po?
e? ^iXtov
eiroiiqcrev
(f)ep6-
jxevoL
(T(f)evS6va<;
eXdoiev ov
fJLTjv
ovSe
pov eTTicTTaadai
8td fjLaKpov
cr(f)d<;
nplv
rj
^tXoKTiJT'Tqv, TravcracrOai re ov
irXrjcTLOv
TOV 8e AuTpe(f)Ov<;
ovk iOeXco
Td<;
yap
et/co^'a?
Oea)v
dydXfxard
ecTTLv
Tyteia?
Xeyovcn,
11.
/cat *Adr]vd<;
34, 74, says tliat
On CalOn Calagriech.
1,
102).
Pliny, N.
Cresilas
made
a statue representing a
the
mis,
Brunn,
I,
Gescli.
d.
Kunstler,
10.
129 sq.
:
mentioned.
Tliis also
was
on
29
sq.
The
'Y^ietas
The pedestal
'Ep/jlSXvkos
to
commemorate
injured
Au-
Kp^aCKasiw6e(Tev(C.\.A.
workman
of Pericles,
who was
THE SATYRS
Cb.
23, 7
119
he kido<;
irTLKkyjcnv
40
/cat
Tavri7?
'Tyteta?.
ecrrt
ov /xeya?,
^iky)vov<;
Tvepl 8e
XaTvpojv,
oItlve^; elaiv,
Xcov iTTiCTTacrBai
45 6ou.
(f)r)
Xoyov^; ^X-
oe
FjV(f)r)ixo<;
Kap
VTTO dv4p.oiv
OdkaacTap, e?
rjp
ovktl
TT\eov(TLv, k^eve^drjvaL.
ekeyev
epr^'/xov?
TToXXct?,
1^
8e aXXat?
ravrai? 8e
o
ovK Idekeiv
ota irpoTepou re
e^oi^ra?,
50 TTpo(Tcry(ovTa<;
e^'ot/cout'Tcui'
ou/c
direCpcof;
/cat rore.
el^/at
raura? KokeiaOai
vavroiv Sarvpt8a<?,
LTTTTcov
ov TToXv fxeCov^
^X^*"^
^^^
Tol<; l(T^ioi<^
oupa?.
rovTov^,
w?
rfCTdovTO, KaTaSpafiovTa^i
eirl rrju
vavv
rat?
55 fxCav lepai,
rat? 8e yvvaL^lv
eTn')(.ipelv
rr/t-
t.\o<;
i<;
rrju
fj
vrjaov
Ka0CTTr)Kv,
dXXa
/cat
^
to ndv
6p.oioi^
awfia.
7
Kat dXXa eV
CO
rrj
Pynhus
tion
(X.
II.
84. 80).
The
inscrip-
dream
the treatment
On
represen-
by which the
N. H. 22, 44,
ciated
man was
cured.
Pliny,
a.'^.so-
tells
a similar
storj',
W. Wroth, "Hygieia,"
82-101
;
J. U.S.
(1884),
F.
The
laea,
Atti.sche
Ilygieia,"
A.M.
:
{1885),
255-271.
(50.
rei
^O'^kovv iraiSa
'AeevalaiTi'Tyit[aiUvppoii-iroi-nffv'A0fvacos
(CI. A.
I,
835).
ward
ronia.
to the i)recinct of
Artemis Hrau-
tions a statue of
Athena
by
As
the pei-irrhanterlun
was a
120
Uepaea to
i<;
Xov? pev
StJpov to
65 pcouL,
dyaXpa,
/cat
Trj Beco
ovopa
CO?
ApTepcq
\eyov(TLV
TavpLKij.
/cat
itttto?
8e 6 KaXovpeTrotiqpa to
otl
pkv to
'ETTCtov py)^dvr)pa
/xt)
yjv e?
Trdaav
Xeyerat Se
e<?
re
KelvOV TOV
70 /cat
S17
/cat
rot)
^aXKOu to
(r)(rjpd
Ictti
/cara raura-
/cat
have brought from the Thracian Chersonese to Brauron in Attica, was equally
Comana
PauIn-
8;
1,
25;
that
1,
32),
it
jectured
tliis
bronze statue
See
real
33,
3, 16,
7-11
8, 46, 3.
may
have been
image
Brauronian Artemis.
:
scriptions indicate that as early as 346n.c. there were two images in the Brauronian sanctuary at Athens(C. I. A.
Gl.
Mvpwvos
(N.
11.
Ilcpo-ca
cf. 2, 27,
2.
345
Myron
the
04, 57),
which may be
same
as this.
Furtwiingler (Mei-
The
.
latter
Rome
are
attributed to Praxiteles.
65.
I'lriros
.
and one
replicas
in the British
Museum,
Aovpios
of this
common
:
original.
ment
dovpioi
is
62. 'ApW|jii8os
Upov
southeast of the
Propylaea
is
four
men
dred and fifty-seven and one half feet from east to west, which was doubtless the ancient precinct of Artemis.
Wood-
no evidence of the existence of a temple. It was probably merely a precinct with images and an altar. npa|iT\ovs the image of the Tauric
There
is
bearing an
that
of
THUCYDIDKS PIIORMIO
Ch. 23, 10
121
(
Kol ol TratSe? ol
iTTTTOv ecTTTJKacni'
To<; TTju
Oi^cre&jg.
^EiTTi^apLvov fxkv
75
\\jri<^Lcrp.a
ydp
iuLK-qcrev
bl Soko<f)Opr]-
W9
e?
MeXtrtSoji^.
rd ok
'^pp,6\vKov
tov
TrayKpaTLacTTrjv
/cat
^opp.L(i)va 10
e? 8e <l>opp.i(xiva
Tooo^'S
e)(a>
7^Xo^' ypdxfjai.
^opp.ioivi
ydp
rot?
eVtet/cecrti'
roi'
'
ITatavtea
ivTavOa et^e
8tatra^', e? o
et^acr/cei^
o^eiXeiv re
yap Kat
Pausanias elsewliere
(9,
30, 1) speaks
been excepted from the general amnesty. (Cf. Classen, Thukydides, Einleitung''',
pp. xxiii
ft.)
The accounts
:
of
'irixap(vov
Thucydides' death are discrepant one says that he died in Thrace (Plut. Ci-
mon,
that
it
Thucyd. 31-33,
Gr.
ed.
55),
a third that he
pp. 202 sq.).
:
the tyrannicides
(1, 8, 5).
Inscriptions
Westermann,
(9,
spelling
was Kpinos,
it
Herodotus
105) tells of
Hermoly-
who
distinguished
and Phormio.
ished in
this
anecdote about
Phormio
of
is
related with
some variations
book of
of
his
104
5, 20),
it.c.
so
was
in 404
Pau-
Androtion
in the third
and a contemiioraiy
Gr., ed. Miillor,
I,
Demos;
by a
special decree
thenes (Suidas,
Hi.st.
s.v. 'AvSporfwi'
Frag.
secured by Oenobius.
He may have
Ixxxiii).
122
85 ol, irpiv
av
crOai
(f)p6pr]iJia.
ovtoj^
ap^eiv ^opp.La)i>a
24
ra XP^^
XBrjvaloi
ttolutcos
e/^ovXouTO
Mapcrvav
<T(f)a<;
r)
Traiovcra,
Trj<s
TOv<;
/3ov\oixur]<;.
avXov^
dveXoLTO,
epp1<^0ai
Oeov
Xeyofxevr]
etre
r]crco<? [JioixV
^p^'? top
ottoIov
repara
etiktov
y)ixd<;
Se
/cat
e^evy]veyix4vo<^ 2
KoX^ou?
VTTO
Tov Kptov
0v(Ta<; Se
avrov
w?
Se
et/cctcrat <Att>
'Op^o/xei^tot?,
e'?
10 Tovf; jxrjpovi;
Kara
avTov<;
KaLOfxepov^ opa.
kXov<;
icTTiv
/cat
'Hpa-
ay^et
Se',
W9 X6yo<;
'A0r]pd re
/cat
dviovaa
Athena
e/c
r^y? KecftaXrj^
tov Ato?.
ecrrt
Se
raupo?
24.
striking Mnrsyas,
and
the
4.
Qr\-
Acropolis Worship of Zeus Polieus The Parthenon Statues of Athena in the Parthenon Apollo Parnopius.
1.
and men on
'AOr^vd
is
Mapo-tiav iraCovera
Marsyas i)icked up the pipes which Athena had thrown away in disgust, and afterwards attained such skill in playing upon them that
the story
that
See Ilyg. Fab. 105; I'lut. de cohib. ira, G; Athen. 14, p. Old;, f. It has been conjectured that this group
Minotaur is frequently represented on and vase-paintings, both redfigured and black-figured; also in one of the metopes of the so-called Tlieseum. The Minotaur is portrayed regularly with the body of a man and the head of a bull. probably the statue by 7. ^pC^os Naucydes of a man sacrificing a ram, mentioned by Pliny (N. H. 34, 80), is 11. 'Hpathe one here mentioned.
coins
:
kXc'ovs
tovs SpaKovras
1
cf.
Pind.
2,
was
identical with a
work
of
Myron,
Nem.
4,8.
some famous
original,
here mentioned.
The
on the representations of the birth of Athena, which was the subject of the sculptures on the east pediment of the Parthenon, see Excursus X. 13. ravpos dvaOrifia
12. 'AGiiva:
1,
ApoU.
123
icf)*
jSovXij
TToXXd
oi?
8'
^
dv
XeXeKxai
rj
AdrjvaioL^ irepicrcroTepov tl
toI<;
aXXot? e?
Tci ^etct
eVrt (nrovSrjs
TrpcoroL fxev
yap ^Adrjpdv
.
ofxov
8e'
ip TO) pa(o
6aTL<; Se to,
dpTjp
KXeoLTov, Kai
eicrrt
ol
TroL7)crP 6
the bull
erally
KXeotra?"
of bronze,
was
known
as
"the
Athen.
There
is
much dispute
to.
as to the correct-
Acropolis "
Ilesych. s.v.
(cf.
p.
396
1>
/SoOs
iv ir6\fi).
Near by
alluded
tliat
was the
figure of a
ram
in silver bronze,
there
gane between the precinct of Artemis Brauronia and the Parthenon along
the road followed by Pausanias, but
there
this.
is no monumental evidence of Here actual remains of a building
'A0Tivdv
'Ep-ydvTiv:
elicited
this re-
by the
epi-
known
been
as
tlie
Chalkotheke or "store(C.I.
A.
On
this
There
is
much
A.M. XIV (1889), "Chalkothek and ErganeTempel," and Michaelis, Der Parthe304-313,
ing
it
non,
p. 306.
22.
KXcoCtow: accordin.scription
ing to
6, 20, 4,
where the
dedications
to
on this statue is quoted, Cleoetas was famous for having invented a method for starting horses at the Olympic
games.
23.
silvering the
Ti\<i
of
the statue.
33, 3.
Thuc.
27 mentions the
in the
a-yaX|ia:
(card
an
inscription, TtJs
Kapiro(p6pov
fiavrelav^
cut in the
square
pillars,
commonly placed
of sanc-
rock about thirty feet north of the seventh column on the north side of the
19.
o-irovSaCwv 8ot-
this
image
is
mentioned as a third
determines the
124
THP:
ATTICA OF PAUSAXIAS
Cli. 24, 4
ivravda
/cat Ttjitdro, e?
^eos 6 Kdi^ojj^o?
avrog
/cetrat Kdi^cui'
YlpoKvqv 8e
Irw
ave6r)Kev
'AX/ca/xeVr;?.
TreTTOirjTaL
/cat
Aeoj^ctpov?
/cat
6 6vopial^6p.evo^ Ylo\iev<;,
there
is
ra KaOecrTrjKOTa
of
colloquy.
nothing more than a peaceful Probably the group menIn this the two deities
century a.d.
is
On
vase-paintings Earth
as
usually represented
woman
from the ground, her lower and this may have been the form of the image. 25. TiiAoOeos ktX. the two statues stood on a single pedestal composed of four blocks of Pentelic marble, two of which
rising
show and calmly await the issue. Poseidon has his left foot advanced and
latter type.
their tokens
hand he grasps
rests her right
tree,
and
Tt^[o]^^u.
and behind her are her serpent See Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, Num. Comni. on Pans., pp. 130 ff. with pi. Z, xi-xvi. This group
shield.
closely resembles a
marble
relief
now
in
we have
in
Smyrna
20.
group
in a statue discovered
t6 tc Acwxctpovs Kal 6
:
1830,
It
now
in the Acropolis
Museum.
vos IloXitvs
two
statues,
is
The
by
In
left
workmanship
is
Pausanias states that Alcamenes "dedicated " it, not that he made it. Then
it
may
hand extended, the right drawn back and grasping the thunderbolt in the act
of hurling
in
it
;
The
end
pp.
:
of the fifth
in the other,
left
See A.M.
(1870),
304-307.
on coins of
Athens this subject is represented in two different ways (a) in the one there
:
is
(epts)
hand holding the thunderbolt down, the left extended over an altar round which is entwined a serpent. See Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, Num. Comm. on Pans., pp. 137 ff. with pi. BB, i, ii, iii. 30. rd Ka0<rTnthe right
half
(b)
in the other
Kdra
this
account
THE PARTHENON
Ch.
24, 7
125
69 T7}v
ypdcfio).
dvaiav
ypa(f)a)u ttjv
Se
35 Twi'
oV 9
Trjv
Ovaiav erot^ao'ai^Te?
(f)vXdcrcrovcrLu
airepfxdTQjv (jtoLTcov
..
.
KaXovaL 8e TLpa
/cat
Tavrrj tov
uekeKW
pi\\)a<^
ot^erat
(f)-vycov
oi
oe are rof
dv^pa
40
6<i
TOP ireXeKw.
Tavra
fxev TpoTTOv
is 8e tov
vaov
5
ov Ilap0v(ova ovoixdt^ovcriv,
ndvTa
e'?
ti^i^
'A^^7^'a9 e^et
llo(TtScovo<? tt/do?
e/c
'Adrjvdv icTTLv
eptg
45
VTre/3
T179
y^?*
avro 8e
re iXe(f)avTO<; to dyaXjxa
eTTi/cetrat ot ro)
Kat
'^(pvcrov TreiroLrjTaL.
%(f>Lyyo<^ eiKoyv
Kpavec
oe eg
tt^i^
ek66vTos
e'?
TO,
Botwrta
/zot
rou Xdyou
Ka^' eKdTepov
jxd^eadaL
8e
'Aptcrea? 6
IIpo/coj'i^T70'io9
TOV ^pvcov
Se
)(pvcrov
'
(^rfcriv 'A/)tjU,ao'7rot9
Tot?
vTreya
'lo'O'T^Sdi'aji^
Trfv
yrjv
eivat 8e
yeveTrj<;,
ndvTa^; iK
ix^f-v
TToSifjpeL 7
supplemented by
I'aus.
1, 28, 10, and is described niore fully by Theophrastus, (juoted by Porphyry (I)e abstinentia, 2, 29 sq.). The day on
Kcirai: see
Excursus
to
for an
account
which the
sacrifice
thenon.
sus X.
44.
a'yaXiJLa
see Excur-
126
/cat ol
Kara to (TTepvov
rj
Ke(f)a\r)
ilxTreTTOtrjixevr}
Iv he
T^ <eTepa> X^^P'' ^opu e^et, /cat ol 7rp6<; rot? ttoctiv acTTTt? re Kctrat /cat ttXtjctlov tov So/aaro? SpaKcov ecrrtV- etr; 8' az/
60
ecrrt
Se
rw
TreTToiiqTai
ok 'Htrtoow
irpiv
aXXot?
cJ?
-v^
TrpcoTr)
'
Se
r]
yvvaiKUiv yevo<i.
ipTavOa
ecKova
65
Sov
^l(j)LKpdTov<; aTTohei^ajxivov
iroWd
Tov
ro ayaXjxa
ort
KaXovcrti^
ehrrev e/c
Kat ort
/xe/^
dneTpe^ev
t7S')7
tcracrt,
Tpono)
^tTTv-
70 Se
ov XeyovcTL
opov<;
rpt? Se avro?
irdpvoTTa'^
e'/c
Xov rov
61.
IlavSwpas
"Yeveo-is
have been a close connection in mythology and ritual between Fandora and Athena. According to Suito
lOsqq.).
130,
p.
it
It
was
of bronze
(Dem.
23,
063).
Iphicrates himself
alluded to
in a
fragment of a speech
2,
das
s.v.
WapdivoL,
Pandora was
daughter of Erechtheus.
rificed
Philochorus
an ox to Athena was obliged to sacrifice a sheep to Pandora (Ilarpocr. and Said. s.Y.'Eiripowv; Etymol. Magn.
p. 358, s.v. ixipoiov).
and Ileliodorus Ilalis Here too was kept the silver-footed seat in which Xerxes sat watching the battle of Salamis
(Pans.
(Pans.
1,
1,
2)
1,
37, 1).
of
Pandora,
the
first
;
woman,
see
Ilesiod,
has been found between the Parthenon and the Propylaea (C.I. A. Ill, 488).
With the
cust, cf.
clKova
. . .
'I<j)i,KpdTovs
this statue
A, 39).
Furt-
of Iphicra-
STATIK OF PERICLES
Cli.25,1
127
fxeu ^(ocr
^tato?
efxirecra)!^
dueixo<;,
piyei
26
Totavra
fieu
ecrrt
Sc
ev
rrj
iirl
MvKdXrj
Mr^'Sot?.
dXX' 6
tov Se
"B.avd'i.Tnrov
TrXr)crLou
ecmqKev
AvaKp4o)v 6
(hp
rrfv
Aecr^iav rd ttoXXo.
eypaxpev ipoiTiKa
Kai
ol
TTov.
yvpoLKas Se
ttXtjctlov
AeLPopPr}<;
cisni of
'lu) T7]p
'Ivd^ov
/cat
Olympiodorus
tie
were doubtless used in voting the ostraXanthippus (see Aristotle, Resp. Athen. 22). Pausanias is mistaken in speaking of the battle of Mycale as a seafight it was a land-battle. Xanthippus commanded the Athenian forces on this occasion. See Hdt. 9, 98-100,
;
14
Plut. Pericles, 3.
is
5.
'AvaKpccov
there
in the
Jacobsen Collection at
of
What is probably
has been found,
telic
Copenhagen a statue
merly
in the Villa
Anacreon,
for-
in
a fragment of Pen-
iiroie (C.I. A. Three ancient busts of Pericles are extant, all copies of one original, which is conjectured to be
[UepjiKX^ovs
Borghese at Rome. It represents the poet as a bearded man in the prime of life, .standing and playing on the lyre.
IV^,
403a,
p. 154).
The
original
was
Cresilas' statue.
cles
They represent
Peri-
bearded and helmeted, with serene and noble countenance. The best of the three is in the British Museum.
See Furtw. Meisterw.
pp. 270-274.
d. griech.Plaslik,
:
to Cresilas,
avTos WdvOiiriros
a few
that Pau.sanias
p.
192
him as
sober.
sq.)
and
potsherd similarly
in
Jrb. d. arch.
In.st.
VII
(1892),
inscribed
was found
Ativoji^vTjs
128
10
69 airav
ofxoLa StryyT^/xara
rfj fxeu
Hpas
0/^7^7
'^ctt
dWayrj
TTore
Ilpog Se Tw ret^et rw
/cat
^paK-qv
roi^
IcrOfiou ttJ?
k<xl
IlaXXTyVi^?
Xeyofieuov noXeixov
15
AOr^uaCoju
ttjv iv
YakaTwv
coi^
7rr))(cov
eKa-
enpa^e
Xa/3u)v
7rot9
20
So^av
/cat
ou^
rjKicrTa
rw
avro ov8e
to
ydp
/cat
drv-
XVI^^ ^^
^'^
''7P^
/ca/cov /cat
ov^
/Ltera
rjKicTTa
hovXov^
iiroLTjae
tovs
vnepiSoPTa^;
ocrot
Ma/ceSot'wi^ iTa^Or^crau.
TToXewt'
etXet*,
rdq
8e
Twi^
25
'A^i^i^atots
Xoyoj
(Tvv64pievo<^
^PYV
ri79
e'?
(T(f)d<;
fxdXiaTa
cKct/cwcre,
vrjcrov^ re
d^^Xofxevo^ Kat
jJLeu
ra
^
kul )(^p6uou
/cat
Tiva rjcrv^acrav
varepov 'AXe^dphpov
//,e^'
^acnXeveip
Tracra dp^rj,
17
of bronze,
rt-ydvTwv
these
figures
I,
were king
his
museums
all
of
Eu-
Pergamus,
to
commemorate
repre-
Gauls (cf. 1, 4, 5). They were located, as Pausanias states, on the south wall, and doubtless divictories over the
The Athens
as
Plutarch
cuted by Epigonus.
how
the figure of
322-325
Dionysus in the group representing the was blown from its place by a hurricane and fell into the theatre.
pp. 474-477.
17.
From
,?6\
,"?
and
Macedonians.
129
30 /cat
^povov
iyivovTO oe at
^iKvoiv TpoL(,rjv 'HXetot <f>Xtd<Ttot MecrcrryVr;, ot Se ei^w tov Ko35 pivBioiv IcrOixov
AoKpol
<3>w/cet9
Botwrot 8e
^)y)^ai(iiv
fxr}
Hifj^as
av0L<;
'
e/cct- 5
ABt)-
avro?
ett'at SoKoit'
TTokefxcou e/xTretpo?.
Tov<; EkXr]va<?
ottoctol
rTepcrtoa
(f)9r]
KopCcra^ vavcriv
'^X77taa^' e/aya
Evpwrrrjv. Kat
81^ /cat
rore
cui^
e?
avTop
(r(f)aXrjpaL
(f)povpd re Ma/ce/cat
50 Soi^ojt'
ia-yjXOeu 'A$r]vaioLf;,
/cat Tet^y)
Movvv)(^Lau, vcrTepov 8e
^
ITeipatd
fxaKpd ea^ov.
AvTiirdTpov 8e aTroBavov-
Xoyo?
rd YiavaKTov Tel^o^
Se
'ABr]vaLOL<;
Tixos
:
Kdcrcra^'Spo?
/xot /Ltdz^a
e'9
ABrfvaiov; eVe^eto't
Trj
iu
Attlky)
/cat
SaXafjuua etXe
Tvpavvov re
50.
ndvaKTov
H.c.
it
situated
320).
Cas.sandeilater garrisoned
Tolioroetes
it
it,
but
it
Demetrius
recaptured
322
and
re.stored
to the
Athenians (PhU.
mantled
42;
Dem.
Demetrius,
23).
130
tovtov
veo<; re
Tvpavviho^
(f)L\oTLix(i)<s
e-rravcre Ary^i^r/aio?
^Avnyopov,
KoX
crai'Spo<;
vaLovs
^TJjjiov,
8e
6
8e
Kctcr-
Setpou
yap
tl
vtttjv
ol ixl(to<; is
Tovq 'AOrj-
Tvpavviha eneicre
rd re
e? dpOpconov^ p^dXiara
Ar]jxrjTpL(p
Se
tm
AvTiyovov Siacfyopd
op.o)'^ /cat
tov
'Adrjvaicov,
KadelXe Se
dKpoir6\eco<;
^pvcrd<i
koi
avTo
Trjq
vttoj8
Koayiov
fxev
Aa^dp-qv
ovv tovSe 6
A-qjxiJTpLO';
tov
iroXefico
dKpoTT6Xecxi<i
X6(f)OS,
evOa
diro-
OavovTa
80
yijpa.
Tacfirjvai
Xiyovcriv
Kat pvrjjxa
26 et^e
67.
76.
to Moucrctov:
Pausanias omits
Droysen, Gescli.
253.
Hell. II, 2,
251-
from
He removed from
the Parthenon
of the
Nymphs, and
Museum
hill,
mentions the
26.
last.
i.s
The monument
still
here mentioned
conspicuous,
Athena
naked.''
OLYMriODORUS
Ch.
2f),
131
fxuTJfXT]
re irpoyovoiv Kai
i<;
T(ov
*A0TjpaLO)u,
avTLKa re
'OXvfiTnoSojpov.
5
6 8e (rt^a?
y4povTa<i
/cat
/xetpct/cta
o/xotoj?,
tt\4ov
rj
pfofxr}
toi;<?
KaTopOovcrdai
eVe^eX^di/ra? Se
rd ^w/atoj'
MaKeSd^'a'i p^^XV ^^ iKpoLTrjcre /cat cfivyovTcou e? ro Movcretoi/ ^AdrjvaL pev ovtox; dno MaKehopcju 'qXevetXei/.
depoiOiqcrav,
^
XB-qvaioiv ok
ttolvtoji'
10
TO epyov
Trp(OTO<?
ret^j^o?
dve^y], 7rpcoTO<;
ttj
pd^J) Ttpal
aXXat yeyovacn
T^
15
Att
rw
'KXevdepLcp, to
Ocopa i7nypdxlfavTe<;.
M.ovvv\iav
dvaaujadpei/os
'EXeucrti'a
'EXeucrti^tov?
crvuTa^as
eviKa
tov<;
rT7i^
Ma/ceSdi^a?.
'Arrt/CTyi'
Kacr-
e'?
Xov9
eTTeicre,
'OXu/x-
rovro
/xei'
'EXevcrti^t ypa(f)TJ
Kai
Oco/ce'cof
ai^e-
KaacrdvSpov.
4
/u.t8o9
dyaXpa
that fell
Athena
from Heaven
:
Caiwhich
See
the
limachus.
4. 'OXvp,iri68b)pov
Plutarch (Denierevolt,
trius, 40)
mentions this
d.
A(vKo<t>pvTJvT]s
this
title
was
a
given
Artemis from
Lcucophrys,
Droysen, Gesch.
Hell.
II,
2, 300.
town
Maeander.
132
8e ol TratSe?
30 &efjii(TTOKXrj<;
fxiv
ol
ejntcrro/cXeov?
Mayvr]Te<; yap,
(hv
Tjp^e
Apre-
ay ova IV
fxe
Act Se
eTre^LOUTa
valo<;,
a<^iK4(x6ai
tov \6yov
irpocro),
iravra
fxeu
6/otota>9
ra 'KWrjVLKoi.
"Ei^Soto? ^v yepos
09
/cat (fievyovTL
i<s
'AdrjSto,
AaiSdXov he
fxadrjTij^,
AatSaXw
35
Kpyjrrjv
totjtov KaOrj-
dvadetrj,
TTOLTjcreLe
8e ^E^'8o^,09.
KaXXta?
OLKrjixa 5
ecrrt
8e
/cat
'Kpe^Oeuov KaKovfJievov
'Tttcitov,
40 ov8et' ert
/ScofJiOL,
ei'^a
oti^w
efxipv^ov
Ovovaiv ovhev,
vopLit^ovaiv.
Tre/x/xara
8e ^eVre?
^prjaaaSai
icreXdovcTL 8e etcrt
dvovaiv
e/c
rov ^ai^ypa<^aX
Xenophon
(Hell. 3,
2,
19;
4,
8,
17)
He
flour-
The mentions her sanctuary there. temple at Magnesia on the Maeander, alluded to by Pausanias, was an Ionic
structure built by the architect Her-
A seated statue of
Athena,
now
in
7,
praef. 12).
p.
647)
it
was
Museum, is usually ascribed to him. The Callias who dedicated it was probably the opponent of
the Acropolis
Pisistratus
(6,
mentioned by Herodotus
votive offerings to
121).
:
on
architectural features.
The remains
of
identified
1893 by the
Institute.
German Archaeological
Endoeus some ground
as an Athefor thinking
(Hesych. s.v.*Epex^ei5s).
(C.I.A.
I,
An inscription
sanias speaks of
nian, there
seidon Erechtheus.
This priesthood
he was an Ionian Greek, as two inscribed bases of statues by him found in Athens are in Ionic characters (C I. A.
.
was styled that of Poseidon Erechtheus (Ps.-Plut. Vit. X Or. p. 843 n, c; C.I.A.
Ill,
805).
The
for
I,
He
was
is
known
to
42. riptoos
Bovtou:
tup:
Ch.26, 6
KRECHTHEUM
133
8e eVt rrkovu
T(x)v roi)((ov
yap eVrt to
St-
evhov dakdcrkoI
45 (TLOU eV (ftpeaTL.
tovto
p.kv
davfxa ov jxiya-
yap oaoi
^X^^ ^^^
cr)(rjixai">0
t'oroj 7^^'euoa^'Tt.
/cat
Tpiaivr)^ icxTiv iv
Trj
ireTpa
Tr)iv ap.(j>i-
cr^rjTiqcnv
^^w/aa? (f)ap7Ji>ai.
^
lepa pukv
ojxoioif;
yrj
Tri<i
Adiqva^ icTTiv
rj
re
aWr]
ttjv
ttoXi? /cat
17
7ra<Ta
/cat
yap
6croL<;
0ov<;
rjcrcrov
/coti^o)
KaOecTiqKev aXXov"? eV
^AOrjvav ayovcnv
rot?
OtJixol<;
eV Tip.^
55 p.i(r0kv
TO
cre^etv,
ovhev
tl
Se dyKtrraTov eV
17
erecrtv
Tjj
crvurjXdop
dno twv
e/c
Icttiv \\.0r]udq
ayaXfia Iv
^Typ.17
row ovpavov.
e^^^t,
Kat rovro
rrj
jLtei^
ov/c liTe^eLp.L
aXXw?
made
Xv^yop 8e
As
^ew
is
Erechtheus (Apollod.
p. 13
or a son
of Poseidon (Kustalh. on
;
Homer II. A, 1,
209
S(i.,
13, p. 597).
Etymol. Magii.
p.
s.vv.
The ancient
58.
Erechtheus
and
the
priestesses
2,
of
Athena
poor,
I'olias
(Aeschin.
147
liar-
lamp with its perpetual light in the Erechtheum is mentioned by Strabo (9, p. 396). During the siege of Athens by Sulla it wiis allowed to go out for lack of oil (Pint. Numa, 3; Sulla, 13). The date of Callimachus is not positively known, but he probably
\vxvov:
the
a-yaXiia
kt\.:
this
re-
fifth
cen-
mark
is
To
liim
is
ttoXis) which was the regular title of the Athena of the Erechtheum (.see Frazer, II, 573 sqq., Appendix). The phraseology was sugge.sted by Thuc. 2, 15, who says that in early tin)es the word 7r6Xij was restricted to mean the Acropolis. Cf. C.I. A. I, 1, 4, 139. The image was
He made a
seated image of
7).
Hera
34,
at Plataea (9, 2,
Pliny (N. H.
KaKii;6-
rexws, " Refiner away of Art," was aiiplied to him because of hisexce.'ive
fa.stidiousiie.ss
it
;
Vitruvius
of
(4, 1, 9)
that
was on account
134
^pvcrovv
GO
KaXXtyna^o?
rrjv avTTjv
inoL-qcrev
e/x.TrXi^cra^'Te?
Se iXaiov
17/Ae-
TOP Xv)^vou
tov fx4WovTo<;
eTov<?
ava^xevovaiv
tco
Xv^i^w
Kara
to,
avTa iv
rjfJLepa
/cat
vvktl ^aivovTi.
Sr)
Kai ol Xlpov
irvpl
(fyolvL^
ttjv ar/xtSa.
twv
rj
dejxevcov
dXXwv
l
KaTecrTTjcrev
avTco.
T'rj<?
27
Ketrat Se iv tm vaco
TloXiaSog
'Kpixrj<i
^vXov, KeKpo-
KXdScov
ixvpcrLvr]<;
ov crvvo-
AatSaXov
TroLrjfjLa,
Xdcpvpa 8e dno
MapSoviov
twv
Xey6ixevo<i eivat.
'A0r]vaL(i)v
MaatcTTLov
iTTnecov
TeXevTTJcravTa vtto
olSa
MaphovCov 8e jxa^eaafxevov
tcroj?
Aa/ceSat/AOi^tot? ivavTia
dp^Tjv ouSe
VLOL
TOV aKLvdKTjv.
work
in marble.
See
tXaias:
Tausanias
does not
tell
Polias
The
Olive Tree
The
Arrc-
was
in the
phorlc Maidens
Statue of the Priestess Lysimache Group of Erechthcus and Eumolpus Statues of Tolmides and his son Athena statues Boar Ilunt of Heracles with Cycnus Heracles and Theseus Afinos and
Ficjht
of tlie
the Minotaur.
1. v tS va Tfjs IloXidSos on the Old Athena Temple, see Excursus XII.
:
Dinarcho judicium, 3; Apollod. o, 14, Herodotus (8, 55) speaks of it 1). as within the precincts of the Erechtheum. I'liny (N. H. 10, 240) and Hyginus (Fab. I(i4) speak of this sacred olive as existing in their time. Herodotus's account of the burning and sprouting again is not so marvelous
ARKEPIIOROI
Cli.27, 4
135
i<;
elnelv
iirl TY]
t]
tjJ
^w/aa-
Ikaiav, yjPLKa 6
15
ivenpiqaep
CTrt
XBiqpaioi^,
Svo fiXaaTrjcrac
Tw
Kol
Uaphpocrov
pao<; (Tvp^t]<;
icm
ecTTi
dSeX(f)(ji)p
Wdphpodo^ d Se fxoprj.
dnapTa^
e'?
tt^p
fioi 0avfj,d(Tai
ian
irap-
20 fxep
ovK
<;
Trj<;
HoXtaSo? oIkovctlp ov
Se
iroppa),
fxep
KaXovcn
Se * AdrjpaioL
crcfyd^ dppr]<f)6pov<;
avTat ^popop
Ttpa Stat-
Trj<;
iopTrj<? op(o-
pvktI ToictSe.
dpaBelcraL
crcfiLcrLP
25
Tf
Tr]<i
(jyepetp,
ovTe
StSoucra ottoIop
iTTicTTafxipai^;
eicrrt
Se TTepC^oXo^ ip
StrT79
ov TToppoj Koi
ra
(f)p6ixepa Xet-
Se
aXXo
KoixLlC,ovaLP iyKeKaXvjxjJiepop
e'9
Kal ra?
to ipTevdep, erepa? Se
7rpo<;
Trjp
dKpo4
ttoXlp TTapdepov';
(8, 55).
17.
UavSpocrou vaos
1,
as to
birth,
Pandrosus, see
18,2.
eleven, chosen
The Epheboi
lias
sacrificed to
(C.I.
sanias.
and
to
Pandrosus
gold ornaments
The
had served Athena Polias and Pandrosus (C.I. A. Ill, 887; cf.
tion that she
C.I.A.
II,
lo90).
of the Arrephoroi began the weaving of the sacred robe presented periodically to Athena. The festival here described was called ylrrcp/zorm.and was held in the month of Sci-
came
sacred.
Two
seasons,
rophorion (June-July).
(i41
.sq.,
and
Schol.;
dppr]<f>6poi
Etymol. Magn.
dppT]<t>6povs: the
j).
140, s.vv.
and
dppr]<f>opfTi>
girls of
noble
Ile.sych.
and Suid.
13G
^
K9r)va<;
ecrrt
jxkv
vy]pL<;
TTpecr/3vTL<;
ocrov re tttJx^o^
fidXiCTTa^ (fiafxepT]
35
/xara fieydXa
fxep
^aXKOv
Kai tou
'Epe^^ea KaXoOcrt,
^
8e EuyLtoXTTOv
/catrot XeXr^de
ye
ovhe
Adrjvaioiv octol
dp^ala
eVt 8e TOV
40
elcrl
BeatVero? 6? efxav'
revero ToX/xtSr^
avro? ToX/xtSr^?, 09
AOrjvaCcop vavcriv
/aav
ocrot
to.
vdp.ovTai
ttju
iirl
VvOlm
rr^v K.vdr)pi(iiv
vrjaov
e's
8e
ri^i^
SiKvwviav
Trofqcrdpievo<; diro-
rpe^d-
KaTeSiay^e
irpo^;
rrjv
ttoXlv.
vtrrepov 8e
/cat
w?
Nd^ou
AdrjvaLcov KXr)pov)(ov<;,
iae^aXe 8e
r^i^
e?
Botwrou? crTpaT(o
TTopOrjaa^ 8e rrj^
50
yrj^; rr^v
XiopKia ^aipdiveiav, w? e?
(XTpdrevpia y^TTOLTO.
ecrrt
rd
fxeu e? ToXjLttSryi^
8e 'AOy]ovSep,
which
i/a?
dydXfxaTa dp^ala
. . .
Kai
cr<^i(TLV
direTdKy]
jxep
Avcrtp.dxi
probably
of of
Demetrius,
priestess
statue,
Inscribed
Athena
II.
for
sixty-four
years (Pliny, N.
dote of her.
34, 70).
Plutarch
perhapsthearchaicfemalestatuesinthe
Acropolis
Museum were
:
of this group,
Demetrius was a realist who cared more to produce a good likeness than a beautiful woi'k of art
(Lucian, Philops. 18-20; Quint. 12, 10,
9).
40. To\|ji8xi
count of Tolmides
113;
Thuc.
0;
1,
108 and
Diod.
18.
9,
84;
12,
Plutarch,
Pericles,
in
.
The
battle of Coronfia
He probably
This
statue
series of
which Tolmides fell was fought in 447 11. c. He and his men were buried in the outer Ceramicus (1, 29, 14).
THESEUS
Cb.27, 9
137
fieXduTepa Se
55 Xa/Se
/cat TrXrjyrjv
rj
IveyKeiv
iomv daOevecTTepa-
ine-
(f)X6^,
aa(f)<;
ovheu olha
el
tov KaXic
'HpaKXel p,a^6p.evo<;
aXXov? re
(ffopevaat Kal
60
0'<f)L(TL
dneOapep
'Hpa/cXeou<?.
ov<; e?
^rjaea Xeyovatp
icTTlp
T(o
65
aXXot T
Tpoil^rjPLajp TratSe?
tov<;
HT^crev?
efiSojxop jxaXiCTTa
(o<;
yeyopa)<; eTo<;
elhop,
fxep Sr)
Xolttov^;
7rat8a<?,
to Sepjxa
(jievyopTa^;
(jyacLP
ol^eaOat,
Br^crea.
Se
vne^eXdopTa
<^dy8&>
Icttl TpoiS^r]PLOL<;
6 8e
Alyea
ypcopicrixaTa eipai
i*^r)(Ta
tw
'A07Jpa<; dnovXelp,
he, oj?
eKTOP
dpdxraPTa oi^eaOai
75 TO'UTOv
'.
Kprjat ttjp re
Ilesiod,
1780;
2,
Died.
4, 37.
Imhoof-Hhuner and Gardner, Num. Comm. on Pans. p. 140, witli pi. Dl), ii.
70.
71.
KpT]iri8as
;
Al-y^a:
cf.
2,
32,
7;
on Theseus's
59;
Pint. Thes. 3,
ject of
Diod.
the
4, 50.
Theseus
lifting the
it
Hygi-
finding under
birth
is
tokens of
I'au.sanias .says
Theseus
138
aWrjv
80
TToiXaL 8e
dpa
to.
avB pMiroi^
Trj<;
cos
T iv Ne/xeia
Xecuz^ /cat
'EXXa-
KaXuSwva
/cat
'EpvixavOou kol
Tr)v
TTdiv
y^v,
TO,
8e W9 tepa
elr]
Oecov,
rd 8e Kat e?
Tipucopiav dvdpd)yT^t*
d^eicrBai.
on
vojs
Trj<;
'KW'qpLKrjq
iv
TLjxrj.
ovSez^o<?
HocreiScopa rjyev
Srj
dWov
deov
lo
jxdWop
<l)aaLv 69
TleXoTTOvvrjcrov ck
oj?
8e
TO ireoLov
d(f)eLdr]
to
IcrO^ov, (^evyei Se eg
orjjjiov
'y]^!^
Mti^oj TTatSa
va<;
TrXevcra'?
MtVoj? 8e
t'avcrti^
eV 'Adij-
ov
ydp
95
'Av^poyeoi TXevTrj<;
pyjOr] ol TTapOevov<;
e'g
rw
crat
rot*
i'*)rj(Tev<i
e'?
ttjv
Kat to dvdO-qjxd
See
represented on one of
Annual
Mu-
seum
Lexikon, II, 1778 ff. The Labyrinth has in recent years been identified as the palace of King Minos
Roscher,
in Cnossus,
The excavations brought to numerous clay tablets, sculptures, fre-scoes, and the like, and have made known a pre-Mycenaean civilization,
don, 1907.
called the
Minoan, which
will
probably
BRONZE ATHENA
Cll.28, 2
139
otoj )(a\Kovv avedei
28
^ovXevaavTaret e?
TeKfxaipoixai Se roivhe
5 VTTrjp^e yyjixai
^ojp\^
ok
rj
lxT](TacTLV,
ayaXpa
\\07]pd<; )(a\Kovp
Te^^yrj
dno
Mi^'Swi^ tcjv
<?
Matt79
paOcova
d-TTO^OLVTOiv
<I>tStov
Kai 01
Trjv eVt
dcTTTiSo? fjid^-qv
10 icTTiv
/cat
M vi^, rw 8e
28.
Reliefs
Athena
of Phidias
Walls of the Acropolis Caves of Apollo and Pan The Areojyagits Sanctuary of the Seinnai Statues of Pluto, of Ilcmies, and of Ge Grave of Odysseus Exof Phidias Clepsydra
cursus on the Athenian courts.
1.
after
The Acropolis can be seen only Cape Zoster is passed. The misformerly given as to
Michaelis (A.M.
it
was
probability the
offer-
about twenty-five
W. Gurlitt(Ana-
them when
lis.
in
tlie
See Ildt.
preserved at Constantinople
1
down
to
tory
J.
was won
1
by a Byzantine author.
A quadrangular
is
Phil. Ill,
7.
cut
in the
usually identi-
"the great bronze Athena." and u.sually known as the Promachos or champion, though this epithet was first
272)
10.
to-
applied to
597.
it
1.3.
p.
(Cf. C.I.
war.
140
Hap pdcnop
rj
KaTaypdxjjaL tov
TOV KpdvOV^
(TvvoTTTa
15
XoVVLOV
icTTlV T^Sf]
tmv ^etStov
^ea? fjidXicrra d^iov 'A$7]vd<; ayaXjxa diro tcop dvaOevTcov Ka\ovfJivr]^ ArjjxpLa^.
Trj
S6ixr]creu avT'^<; 6
workmanship
to
Mys.
Mys
is
men-
tioned as a famous artist in his line by Pliny (N. H. 33, 155), by Propertius
(4, (8,
9,
14,
ed. Paley),
;
and by Martial
34 and 51
century.
14, 95).
He
doubtless
flourished in
fifth
H. Brunn, Gesch.
409
sq.
worthy of Phidias's works, and for his from the Lemnian Athena " the outline of the whole face, and the tenderness of the cheeks, and the shapely nose." For similar exalted praise cf. Aristides. Or. 1, Vol. II, 554, ed. Dindorf
ideal of feminine beauty selects
and Chalcidians occurred about c. The prisoners were kept in chains until ransomed, when their fetters were hung on the Acropolis. Out of the tithe of the ransom the Athetians
Pliny, N.
II.
34, 54
507
15.
5; Anthol.
170.
with
pis.
ii,
iii,
nians
made
Herodotus (5, 77) .says it stood on the left as one entered the Proi)ybronze.
laea,
Lemnian Athena are to be seen in two marble statues of Athena in Dresden, another at Cassel, and a head in Bologna. The Dresden statues
copies of the
in.scription
in
elegiac couplets.
From fragments
I,
of
and the Bologna head are in the style of Phidias, he argues, and copies of a
bronze original.
nists in
He
334) Frazer
up
Lemnos
about 507
set
n.c.
was carried
off
by the
new
chariot was
8c aKpoiroXei:
the southern
up
the time of 1 lerodotus and that of Pausanias from outside to within the Acropolis
Eurymedon
precinct.
1.
25,
1*3.
ITepiKXi^s: see
on
1,
18.
Aii(Av(as:
Lueian (Imagi-
Cimon, 13; de glor. Ath. 7; Corn. Nepos, Cimon, 2). The ancient
ACROPOLIS FORTIFICATIONS
Ch.28, 4
141
ttjv aKpoiro-
20
\iv
<f)aaL
oe oiTLve';
TTwOavofxevo';
rj
St/ceXov? to
KaTafidat he ovk e?
25 TrpoTrvXaca
Trrjyi]
ttju /carw
ttoXlv dXX'
oaou
vtto to. 4
masonry
of
is
still
s.v.
some parts obscured by a mediaeval or modern casing. At the southeast corner a piece
standing, though in
of
He-
Anecd. Graec.
p. 299,
Cimon's wall
is
is
visible,
forty-five
feet in height.
it
Westward
of this point
This Pelasgic wall appears have had nine gates (Suidas, s.v. d-rreSa; Bekker, Anecd. Graec. p. 419,
IG.sqq.).
to
1.
The north
wall
pieces
Athena
These were probably arranged within each other at the western entrance of the Acropolis, where the wall may have been trebled or quadrupled. It seems to have subsisted as a fortress as late as 510 ij.c, when Hiiriiias was besieged "in the Pelasgic fortress" (Hdt. 5, 04
;
If
not already
it
pulled
down by
the Athenians,
was
pieces of a
wall.
much
older fortification
section,
480
B.f. (Hdt. 8,
53
9, 13).
Yet a preto
Thus a well-preserved
twenty feet thick, extends from the Propylaea to the southern wall. Other pieces have been uncovered at the soul heast corner of the Acropolis
continued to
times
the
bear
down
of
2.
Roman
(h-
name
Pela.sgicum
17;
Pelargicum (Thuc.
cator, 42, 47).
Lucian, Pis-
and
to the
20.
IltXao-yous oIk'^:
southwest of
primitive wall
the
is
Parthenon.
This
both
401)
built of polygonal,
Herodotus
(0, i;!7)
and Stiabo
(9, p.
almost
three
length.
all
through
This
doubtless the
sanias.
this
;
Rom.
1,
28; Photius
reached by a narrow
142
lepov iv
X(t)va
(TTTrjXaLCi)
'
'AttoA.-
ivTavda crvyyevecrOai
wg
7rjX(f)6Lr}
^^tXtTTTTtSi^s e?
e?
Trji^
y^^?
eTTavrjKOJV Se Aa/ceSat/xovtoug
vnep^aXecrOaL
jxr)
(fyair]
yap
rj
Srj
vofjiov
avTols
irporepov /aa^ovaeXyji^y]'?
irXrjpy]
tov kvkKov
eXeye
Trj<;
yevi-
TOV Se ITai'a 6
<l>tX(,7r7rtS-)79
irepl
'
to 6po<i evTvAdr]uaLOL<;
p.kv
eirj
to? e.vvov<^
rj^ei
crvix^a^rjaoiv.
Tert/xr^rat
ovto^
ovv 6
inl TavTy
ecTTi
Trj
dyyeXla
\_KaOo kol 6
Apetos
TTctyos.]
back
ancient references to
Scliol.,
and Ilesychius,
;
Plut.
:
Antonius, 34.
'AttoWwvos
Upov
for
Areopagus or Mars' Hill is determined by Herodotus (8, 52), who says that it was opposite the Acropolis, occupied by the Persians when they laid siege to Athens; by Aeschylus (Eum. 685 sq.),
the tale of Apollo, Creiisa, and the infant Ion, see Eur. Ion, 10 sqq., 283
sqq.,
who says
Lucian,
his cave
the
Amazqns occupied
represents
it
in
and by
sitting in
1398
sqc].,
who
and
Pan
1482 sqq.
lo's
in the
Ace.
12).
Hence
it is
doubt that Pausanias had mentioned Pan's cave, which was adjacent. Cf.
Eur. Ion, 938: efOa IlafAs ddvra
TrAas.
/cat jSw/xoi
is
separated by a depression.
seats
On
are side
by
some rock-hewn
where assembled
E. Curtius thinks
On
the sanctuary of
to
Apollo, see Excursus III and Miss Harrison, Primitive Athens, pp. 66-83.
the Areopagus
hill,
Hein
rodotus
(6,
Royal Colonnade
sqq.).
KpC9r]
(Ges.
Abh.
II,
527
Pan
36.
:
on
Athens.
9) locates
the cave of
Pan a
little
above the
Pelargicum.
couples
it
be tried on this
641
Cf.
Dem.
I,
23, 66, p.
1.
Anecd. Gr.
444,
7 sqq.
Bekker, According
;
arp:opagus
Cli.28, G
143
SeSryXoj/cet'
evTavda
eKpiOrj,
Kai
jxol
koI raura
e<^'
6 koyo'S
a>9
ot(o KxetVete.
(f)6u(p
Kpidrjvai Se koX
rry? p,rjTp6<i-
Koi
tt^i^
i<TTLU
TOV<; Se
dpyovs \l$ovs,
icf)*
w^'
kcndaiv
octol StVa?
vTT)(ovcrL
Kal ol StwKoi/T9,
Toi/ /Aci/
TySpew?
roi'
8e 'At'at-
/caXovcrii/
'
AOrjpaloL %(T(f)LaLv
npcoTos he
Try KecftaXfj
dpi^Xv
(f)o/3e-
elvai
^ewv
rrj<i
toji/
viroyaLcou.
/cetrat 8e /cat
FipfXTJ';
Kai
ayaXjxa-
iuTavOa dvovai
dir o\v
jxeu
eV
Apeio)
nayw
ttju
aWiav i^eyepero
a aadai,
by Schol. Eur. Or. Ares was the first to be tried on the Areopagus; next, three generation.s afterwards, Cephalus for
to Hellaniciis (cited
1648, 1051)
Furies took
the other.
44.
Zc^ivds
on
4
:
this
euphemistic
name,
cf. 2, 11,
for the
more generations, Daedalus murder of his nephew Talus then, after three more generations, Orestes for the murder of his mother
has been suggested that Areopagus means " the hill of
Clytaemnestra.
cursing," the
It
first
Tlie situation
is
determined by Aesch.
Eur. Eleclra, 1270;
Orest. 050 et
al.
Eum. 804
sqq.;
;
See
place
Milchh. S.Q.
is
XXIX,
10 sqq.
The
pound being from apa "a curse," with reference to the Furies, who had a sanctuary on Die liill, and were sometimes known as "Arai." The derivation
is
On
and
Ro.scher's Lexikon,
13.'30
sqq.
1,
Ac188;
cording to
Schol.
Aeschin.
possible.
42.
:
Tov 8c 'AvaiScCas
4, .30,
were three
.stat-
de
leg.
2,
11, 28,
speaks of a
et
tumeliae
citiae.
fanum
ConImpudi-
144
ecTTL
8e Kol
Tov nepi^okov
TCL
(xprjixa
OtOtVoSo?, TTo\vTrpayixovo)v he
Kop.icr9evTa
evpiCKOv
oara eK ^rf^oiv
ret
yap
i<;
tov
BdvaTov
55 P'Oi
'^o(f)OK\el Treironqpeva
ecfiT]
tov OtStVoSo?
'0}xrjpo<;
ovk ela
So^at TnaToi, os
TnTa.(^iov
^^Ecrrt
eXdovTa eg
dX\a
80^179 rfKovTa.
TrdXew? 6v
/cat
in eXa^tcrrot?
TO 8e dno tov
(X^y]fJiaTO<;
ToSe 8ta-
to he p,eyi<jTov
/cat
e? o TrXetcrrot
taneum
10.
Phreattys.
Kalkmann,
OlSi-iroSos
3,
according to
Val. Max.
5,
ext. 3, it
was
situated
. .
Pollux, book
8,
inter
et
.
.
After
in
the
its name from its position in a remote quarter of the city. Cf. Etymol.
received
Magn.
etc.,
and the Semnai was transferred to tlie Colonus Ilippius. See v. Wilamowitz, Aus Kydathen, p. 103. the excursus 57. aX\a SiKaorriqpia on the Athenian law courts is occasioned by the mention of the Areopagus. The term diKaar-qpiov is applied
:
in Poll. 8, 121,
also 120,
who
also
name
the
'Ypiyi^vov.
:
61.
BaTpa^iovv 8c Kal <loiviKiovv the Green Court and the Ked Court, not
33 confirms the distinction of cerPossi-
both to the aggregate judges sitting in court and to tlie place in which they
held their sittings.
ence
is
pi-iniarily
He
Areopagus; 4. Ba3. Trigonum 2. Parabystum trachiurn; 5. Phoenlcium 6. Heliaea; 8. Delphinium 9. Pry7. Palladium
enumei-ates ten courts:
; ;
;
and these two are and the coui't ewi X-uKui mentioned in Pollux's list, as the other eight in the two lists
their real names,
63. 'HXiaCav
its
this, the
quently gave
name
COURTS OF
Cli.2S, 10
.irsTICE
toI<;
145
a-noKTeiva-
/cat
fj
Kpiai^ KaOearr^Ke.
ivravOa vnecr^^e
Sidcfyopa
e<^'
otoj
;
o,
tovto
elprjTaL.
ALOfXTJSrju
dkovar)<;
17817
re vvKTa ive-
Kara ^akripov
TrXeoi^res
yivovTai
/cat
tov^ 'ApyeCov;
70 a;? e?
Trj
ivravOa
A'r]ixo(f)(t)VTa
dno
75
T(ou veoiv
/cat
oj?
elcrlv
'Apyetot,
/cat
dvhpa<^
avTwv
'
diro-
KTivai
re
Adrjvalou
avopa ov
vtto
tov
lttttov
tov
Ariixo(f)(t)i>TO^
duaTpanrjvat
(TiJKOvaLu, ol Se
Apyeioiv (^aaX
rw
/coti^w.
eVt AeX^tt'iw 8e
8t/catw (pafxe-
10
KpicTL^ KadecTTrjKeu
ipydcraadai
(f)6uop
avv rw
vporepop 8e
KTeCuaura
ITpvrai^eioj
Wt70'V9
Kara ravrd
OvrjCTKeiv
fxeuovTa.
and the
to
8e
eVt
probably in the neighborhood of the Areopagus, to the east side of the political agora between the upper part of the Theseuin precinct and the gymnasium of Ptolemy. See Judeich, Topog. p. 315. The derivation of the word is uncertain. See
collectively, lay
alien, or a foreigner."
78. tirl AX<)>iv(i>>
:
on
1
tlie site
of this
sanctuary, see
Arist.
19,
it
was
legal,
he
is
Wachsmuth,
in
11, 361ff.
04.
Iirl
IlaX-
of the Delphinium."
Poll. 8,
Dein.
2.3,
74,
and
as
same legend
to Si
iirX
the southeastern
part of
Athens
83.
cf.
IIpvTa18,
According to Aristotle
as to the Prytancum,
Dein.
.see 1,
'23,
70: "If
life),
thing
fall
and
strike a
146
dp^aadat
voixit^w.
Xdiqvaiojv /SacnXev/3ov(f)6uo<^
iirl
Tov
/ScDjJiov
[xeu
aTToXnrwv
TaiJTr]
top
TreXeKvv dirrjXdev ck tt^? x^P^'^ (^evyiovj 6 8e TreXe/cu? TrapavTLKa d(f)eL07] <e9 Oakaaaav) Kpi9e\<i kol e? Tohe dvd irdv To<;
90 KpiveTai.
Xeyerat p^kv
St)
/cat
dWa
tmu
dxjjv^cov
avTopara n
KctA.-
epyov oe
Kap^vaov
tt/jo?
7Tapcr)(eTO aKL
8e tov
Hetpatw?
171^
daXdcrcrr} <i>peaTTv<;
ivTavOa
yovvTai
ol Tre^euydre?,
95 eyK\7)p.a,
irpo^ dKpoiopdvov^
rij?
yrfq
diro
i>ed)<;
aTToXo-
ovtco<^
dnoraSe
OdvaTov elpydadau.
pev ovv
elpTjcrdoj
to.
29 yvcovaL Ta e?
vXirjcrLov
Havadrjvaicov Tropnyjv.
who threw
the
thing
is
not
tlie
known, but they do know and are in possession of the thing which killed the man, then the thing is brought to trial at the court of the rrytaneum."
93.
V.
from the shore if convicted lie was punished with death, if acquitted he
returned into banishment.
Kesp. Ath. 57.
29.
Cf. Arist.
4>paTTvs
Milchhoefer (Karten
5G
f.)
The
Att.
Text
the
i,
locates
Phre-
ylcadeitnj
Grove of Artemis
Panathenalc
Ship
The
im-
vjith
extreme point of the peninsula which bounds the entrance of the harbor of Zea on the east, contrary to the earlier view of Ulrichs, Reisen und Forschungen, 1, 173ff., who puts it at a point on the shore a little
attys
at
Artemis KalUste
sus Elcxdhereus
Dem.
for
24, 77
ff.
men who, banished an involuntary homicide, were accused of another and voluntary homicide, and that the accused spoke from
court were tried
Ceramicus on Hie street from the Dij^ylum to the Academy. 2. vavs the ship was moved on wheels, and to its mast was fastened the new robe, embroidered with scenes from the battles of the Gods and Giants, which was presented to Athena every
:
ROAD TO ACADEMY
Ch.29, 2
147
to 8e eV ArjXo)
e's
rjSr)
ttov
tl<;
vTrepe^dXeTo
ttcj
ivvea eyaera?
dwo
'
T(t)u
KaTacTTpcJixaTCDP.
SijfjLOL^;
6oov<;
/cat
dpSpcou
iyyv-
dv^po^
tStQ>Tov,
yvp.vdaiov
Se
10
evr'
iyiov.
009
/cat
^oava
cu?
yitei^
eyoj
Sokw
eVt-
Kat ojJLoXoyel rd
kXiJ(Tl<;
rd
lldjX(f)(o, Trj<;
'Apre/xtSd?
e'?
etc^t^'
avTai, Xeyofxevov Se
/cat
aXXot'
virep^tjcrofxaL.
of priests
oi^
roO Atoi/ucov
31, 24;
and priestesses wearing golden crowns and garlands of flowers. According to Philostr. Vit. Soph. 2, 1,
7,
De
fin. 5,
1,
Lucian, Scytha,
So Pausanias quitted Athens by same gate by which he had entered. Three roads started from the l^ipylum
the
;
round the Eleuby Diirpfeld with the Cave of Apollo, where the ship was moored. Cf. A. G.
Leacock, de ponipis graecis, in Ilarv.
Studies, XI,
1 if.,
one northwest to the Academy one west to Eleusis and one southwest to Piraeus. The suburb outside
gate
;
;
the
Dipyium was
called
tlie
Ceramicus,
or Potters' Quarter.
As
the adjoining
call the
one the
ir6Xcws
now
itself,
Outer Ceramicus, the other the Inner Ceramicus. In the former the remains of the Athenians who fell in battle were
buried by
tlie
he describes the monuments of the Of important omissions Ceramicus. made by him, perha])s the most note-
state.
Public graves
and
in-
names
of the dead
worthy
all
is
and
!>.
told
in
'ApT)ii8os
Hecate.
iv t<^ Ke-
northeast
hill
Hesych.
s.v.
KoXXiVttj-
tj
Museum
hill,
the
\^yova-i.
13.
vaos ov
(xc-y'^S
"^^
^^
^''^'
as a meeting-place.
1,
to
*AKa8T)(xCa: tiie road to the Academy, which I'ausanias now follows, left
city Dionysiac
Klaphebolion
148
eTO<;
KOjxii,ov(TLV
ev
3
reray/aeVaig
Tdi(f)OL
r)ixepai<;.
8e
Spaav^ovXov
dpiaTov
TTOLVTa
yeyovaaiv
jixot TO.
'
AdrjpaLOL^; Xdyt-
TTapivTi Se
TrXeicu
rocraSe eg
TTi(TTiv
TvpavviSa yap
eiravcre
twv Tpid-
20
/car'
dp^dq
iaTiv
Ik ^iq^oiv, KoX
irpoiTO'^
/cat
fiep
8e avT(o Ilept/cXeov? re
XajSpCov Kal
4
25
eV /xct^ats ire^at?
TovToi<i
octol
yap
/caret
^(opav
dvhpayaOCav,
ol Se
aXXot
/caret r^7^'
'AKahrjixcav, /cat
crc^oii' ecrrctcrtv
eVt rots
eKdaTOv Xeyovcrat.
Momnisen, Feste
The return
He brought about an alli(403 u.c). ance between Athens and Thebes (395 n.c), and, after doing good service
for Athens at Byzantium, Chalcedon,
killed at
Aspendos
gay troop of dancers, di.sguised as Seasons, Nymphs, and Bacchanals, appear to have attended the image, moving to the music of
flutes (Pliilostr. Vit.
10.
been ignorant of, or ignored, the treasonable charges brought against Thrasybulus. Cf. Lysias, 28 and 29.
Apollon.
1,
21).
23.
IlepiKXcovs
:
rt
Kal
XaPpCov Kal
fin.
^opfxCwvos
5, 2, 5,
according to Cic. de
the
tomb
right
of
the
road.
Pericles died
in
429
tans
b.c. in
the battle of
Notium
Aegina
fleet
off
(388 b.c.)
and
the
Spartan
Naxos
(376 b.c);
He was banished by
the
band
GRAVES OF HEROES
Ch.29, 6
149
^paKrj
Apa^7j(rKov
defxevoL
ttJ^;
^wpa? 'HSwfot
/cat oj?
i^tra^'
(f)ovvov(TLU
aveXinaToi eVti<;
XeycTat oe
Kepavvoi
iricroiev
avrovs5
arpaTiqyoX 8e aXXot re
TerpaTTTo
35 TTore
rj
Kat Aeaypo<;,
w
o?
/xaXtcrra eVetoi^
'Apyetdi'
TvevTadXov
Evpv-
^oLTrjp
^OTjdovvTa AlyivrjTai^.
yap
/cat
rrdvTe^
EXXr^i/e?
ciTro
/oter'
/coti'oO
Xoyov KaTecrT7](rav
Tptrov
tote
e?
8etrei<;
tyju
c>
SpaKTjv.
8e efXTrpoaOev tov
e^ovcra
t7r7ret<;-
Ma/capraro?
^copa?
Botcuroij^
TTCLyp.4vov<;,
evda
Tr}<;
'EXewvta?
eicrt
/cat
KTTiKrfv CTTpaTid,
/cat
To^drat? Kprjaiv
co
au^t? 8e iariv
\\.d7]paL(t)u piviqi^Ct'
fiara KXetcr^eVov?,
50 evpedr],
30.
to.
e?
raf
(f)v\d<;
at
KaOeaTacriv
ol
ac-
/cat
lirTrevcTii'
.
irpwTot 8c Td<)>Tj<rav
:
fi^xP**
^al
about 465 u.c. ten thousand of the Athenians and their allies, who had been sent to colonize AraphipoUs, were cut to pieces by tiie
Apa^iio-Kov kt\.
cepted (Hdt.
92;
. .
!,
75).
Edonians
(Thuc.
8,80).
1,
at
Drabescus
;
or
9,
Datum
;
100
4,
102
Hdt.
75
Isoc.
MaKapraros Melanopus and Macartatus prt)bably fell in the battle (457 n.< .) in which the Teloponnesians and Boeotians were engaged against the Athenians, Argives, and The.ssnlian cavalry. Tlie Thessa42. McXdvtdiros
.
Kal
iians deserted
thousand Argive volunteers to aid the Aeginetans against Athens, killed three adversaries in single combat, but washim.self slain by Sophanes, a Challenge to morled a
who
The
took
first
mus
jilace in
431 n.c.
49.
KXci-
150
ecrcraXot tov
7 7
KiuSvuov.
i(f)'
TOV Xoyov
fiOL
koL A67]uaLcov
'
rjp
be
dpa kol
(TttJXt)-
/cat
TOi
ovojxaTa iyypa(f)rji'aL
T(o TToXepiOi
yeveaOai nepl
Tov<i
SecmoTaq.
Se
/cat di>Sp(t)i>
cr(f)Lcn
ra ^oipia
tcou dycovcov
crapopo'?
Trjv
avoi
MaidvSpov
yeioiv.
65
(.iTd(f)r](Tav.)
TToXefjiovvToq
KaacrdvSpov kol
ol crvfifxa^ijcravTes rroTe
ttjv Trpoq
'
'Ap-
Trpa'^drjvat Se ovtoj
crvfjLfjia')(Lav
(T<^icri
Apyelov; Xe-
yovan
To<^
tribes
d^ea'TiqKOTdiv 8e ot
This was
See Dem.
Frai:;.
I,
from four to
KXewvatoi
ten.
See
Ildt. 5,
these
men
took sides
n.c.
Piiilochorus,
,
132
Tanagra
ed. Miiller,
405
conjectured to be a
list
of the Cleonae-
ans
who
50. Sov-
429
toward
War and
down
the ene-
armed
Justin,
c.
Leocr. 41
0).
00.
I-k
"OXvvOov: the
Athenians sent three expeditions to the relief of Olynthus when hard pressed by Philip. The first two had only mercenary soldiers. On the third
occasion, at the special request of the
my's privateers. He landed in Lycia, but was defeated and slain with some of his men. 03. 'Ap^eCwv at the battle of Tanagra (457 n.c.) one thousand Argives
:
Lacedaemonians (Thuc.
Diod. 11, 80).
1,
107
sq.
Thuc.
1,
101 sq.,
who
tells
the occa-
Athens
to their
and Argos.
giiavp:8
h.29, 11
of heroes
/cat irapa.
'
151
AOiqvaLCDV fierf-
ol Se
cr(f)L(TLi>
tovtov; anoiT4p.iTov(Tiv
\6'r)vaioL^ Se
ottlctco
ovk aveKTo.
(Tvixp,a^iav
i)
i(f>aLPTO Trepiv^picrBaL,
koX w? iKoyiit^ovTO
AaKehaiixovLcoi'
'
iiroLijcraPTO
ovcTL
'ApyeioLS
i^6pol<;
tov diravTa
^povov.
Tapdypa
jxa^r)^, d(f)LKOPTo
fxep ^opTa<;
Trj<;
A0r]paLot,<;
\\pyLOi ^oi)dovpTe<;
^
/cat
TrapavTLKa
nXeop
TOV<;
d(f)L\eTO to crac^e?
piKTjq, 9 Se Tr]P
HecrcraXoiv
TrpoooPTcop
AOrfpaiov^.
/caraXe^at Se
fxoi
KaX
10
Tovahe
Trj<;
l(j>
'KXXt^-
(TTTOPTCo
k6to<;
ovt6<;
/cat
re
ovp
ai'8pe9 019
dyado2<; ovcrtp ovk iTTrjKoXovOrjcre TV)(r) ^prjaTt]. Tot9 p-cp eVt80 6ep,epoL<^
epyop
KelpTat oe
rJKLcrTa 6
11
/cat ot Trepl
KoptpOop
/cat
7recroj^Te9
'
iSy]Xa)ae Se
tov<^
ou^
vtto
0o<;
90
ipTavOa
av0L<;
ip AevKTpoi<i
EXXijpcop
et
St^
KopLpdicop tote
/cat
'AOrjpaicop^
ctl
oe
/cat
1(5,
supplies.
was
Evof
was be.siefied by Philip in 340 h.c. The I'ersian king. alarmed at the growth of Philip's
75-77.
Perinthus
83.
PovXos
Eubuhis,
tlie
adversary
power, commanded his satraps to aid the city. Accordingly they threw into
Perinthus a force of mercenaries, w
ith
Demosthenes, was an able demagogue and orator (Dem. 18, 21, p. 233; 21.
207,
p.
581
Ae.schin. 2, 8
:
and 184;
3,
25
Din.
1. 0(5
152
fxovcov iv
KevKTpoL^ e? ToaovTOv
iKaKcodrjcrai'.
fxeTo.
8e TOv<i
OLTTodavovTa^ iv KopupOo)
95 avTTjp
o"Y]fxaLi>eL
(TTT]Xr]i>
to,
iXeyela,
Tot's
iv Ev/Boia
rrj<;
/cat
Xiw
rjirei-
'Acnaprji;
pov hia<^9ap'qvai
Sr)\o2,
tov^ 8e eV
St/ceXtct.
yeypafJifxevoL 8e 12
dcrrot? IlXaratet?17
100
8e ovSeu 8ta<^opa
<I>tXtcrTo?,
6?
et^r^
aXXot?
ttXtjp
avTov
tt^z^
w? -qXiaKero av-
Tov eVt^etpetr
aTTO/creti^at, Nt/cia
8e
napdSocnv eOeXovrrj
ttJ crTtjXr), /cara-
yeveaOai
8e
eV
dXXr)
Lacedaemonians
of Athenians,
army
Chios
in
the Social
War
(357-355 b.c),
when the
Corinth in 394 n.c. The Athenian force numbered six thousand foot and six hundred horse their losses were heavy. See Xen. Hell. 4, 2, 9-13. Demosthe;
4).
NikCov
p.
conduct of Nicias during the last terrible days in Sicily, as given by Thucydides
(7, 7()-85),
C.I.A.
gives a partial
list
of
Athenians engaged.
preserved in
its
however, that the responsibility of the disaster rested mainly on him, and if
an inscription (C.I.A. II, 2084). 95. v Ev^olq. KalXiu: the reference to Euboeaisprobably tothesubjugation of the whole island by Pericles in 445 n.c.
(Thuc.
pedition
1,
apparently
in
mind
omitting
name from
114).
Upon
in
the revolt of
105.
McYoLpois
cf.
C.I.A.
IV,
2,
440 o.
which landed
rebels, besieged
them
islartd
in the capital,
sword (Thuc.
1,
114).
(Thuc.
8,
is
107. 'AXkiPioLStis: in
The reference
doubt-
effected an alliance
between Athens,
In the
who
fell in this
expedition
GRAVES OF HEROES
Ch.
29, 13
153
%pdKy)v
TLveia
/cat
KoX
'HXetov?
/cat
ineLcreu e?
'A\Kty8taS7^9
AaKeSai fjiouiwu
Se
ol
rrepl
OLTTOcrTrjvaL
ol
irpiv
/cat
Tov 'EXXyjcnroPTOv
vavixa^rjcrapre^;
/cat /cat
ocrot
MaKcSoi/wi/
KXeaJ^'09 e?
ot /xera
ei'
AryXtoj toj
TavaypaLcov
Te\VTT]aavT<;
/cat
/cat
ocrov^
e?
e?
ot
TrXevo'a^'Te?
of 418 n.c. the
Kv7r/3oi'
6/xou
KifxcouL,
tcov re
avv
summer
Lacedaemo5,
bria
and Byzantium,
See Thuc.
43-47, (>3-
1,
3;
fragment of the treaty of alliance, of which Thucydides gives us the complete text, was found engraved
108 sqq.
Ta
110.
S<roi
on a slab of Pentelic marble between the theatre of Dionysus and the )deuni of Herodes Atticus (C.I. A. IV, 4G6, Thucydides's copy may be 14 sq.). 109. Kpar^o-avfrom this very stone. Ts: before the arrival of Demosthenes
(
Ti-yttvCo-ovTO v Xaiptovcicji
(c.
Lycur-
gus
sand Athenians
the battle,
;
and
he
Thuc.
enemy
22
sq.).
^111. 4s 'Api4>iiro\iv see The Athenians lost six hundred men the enemy only seven.
city.
5,
:
7-11.
(Thuc.
6,
67-71, 08-102;
7, o,
:
all
irpl
Tov 'EXXyjo-irovTov
stone, found in
these
men
in the
Ceramicus.
It is
Both generals were slain, Cleon from a stab in the back as he was fleeing, Brasidas while charging at the head of his men. 112. tv Ar^Xiw: .see Time. 4, 91, 101. The Athenians were defeated by the 15oeotians, with the lo.^sof about 113. one thou-sand regular infantry.
Atwo-e^viis:
see
1,
1,
3;
1, 2;",
3-5.
who
fell
in
the
114. s Kvirpov:
fleet to
Cimon
sailed with a
is
an
epigram to the
probably
B.C.
They
Si-iym-
and army won another great victory by sea and land over the
Athenian
fleet
See
154
tup:
ATTICA OF PAUSANIAS
Ch.
29, 14
eKJ^aXovroiv rpioiv
/cat
/cat
SeVa avKat
8/369
ov TrXetov?.
(f>a(Tl
Se \\dy]pa2oi
'Poj/xatot? ofiopop 14
Trepxjjai,
irapeyevovTO
120
ToXjUtSov 8e
/cat
epya
oV rpoirov eTeXevTT)tt^i^
crav
IcTTOi
68ov ravT'qv.
Kat vavcriv
/cat Tt/xd- 15
/cat
KeivTai 8e
to fxeya epyov
/cat
Tret,-?!
av9y]fxepov KpaTTJcravreq
125 6eo<;,
TeOaiTTai he
Kopmu
8^
SevTepoL
/Ltera
TTat?
epya aTTohei^ap.evoL
Kat
Ztrjvoiv
^wa
i(f>'
avTov, Kat
ApfxoiTnrapvofXLfxa
8to9 Kat
130
"
^ov
TO.
OLTTOKTeivavTe^,
pyJTopeq
re
^(f)La\Tr)<;,
6?
ra
Iv
1,
AuKoOpyo?
Thuc.
for
him
in the
115.
tlie
Cimon, 18
3.
expense; in
6 NiKop.'^Sov
tliis
tomb the
i)hilosopher
'OXvfjLirioSwpco:
:
20,
sq.
was afterwards
:
laid."
127.
i(p'
NiK^as
t*
120. To\p.(Sou
p-ya p70v
:
see
1,
123.
to
Persians at the
in
comf(J5a
monly understood
est
to
great-
medon
Diod. 11, 01
figure-painter
either
of
his time,"
meaning
ures.
ler,
human
or animal
fig-
As
monument
d. gr. Kiinst-
194-200.
Pliny
list
(N. H. 35,
130-133) gives a
of his subjects,
11
and
131.
AvKovp-yos
the parof
Athenians "in
services
which the thanks of the state are rendered to Zeno in his lifetime for his services in the cause of virtue, and it
is
Lycurgus are probably derived from the decree of the Athenians in his honor, proposed by Stratocles in the
archonsliip
of
Anaxicrates
(307-306
ACADEMY
Ch.
30, 1
155
AvKocfypovo^.
AvKOvpyo) 8e
iiropicrOri fxev
roXavra
rj
e? to hr]fx6- 10
ocra WpiK\y]<^
ttJ 6e(o
kol
Nt/ca? ^pvcra<;
/cat TTap64voi<;
ITet-
paieZ
140
pecj<i
tw
Av/cetw /caXov/xeVw
yvpLvaatov.
(Tov,
ovv apyvpov
TreiroLrjfxepa tjv
tol
hofiTJixaTa KOL
ert ^i/.
30
Upo
B.C.).
he
TTji;
eaohov
Trj<;
^Epwro?
is
just south of
many
services,
list
of hon-
on the memory of
all
The testimony
4
;
de-
30,
De
fin. 5,
1, 1
on stone
Acropolis.
tablets
site
C.I.A.
of
II,
240.
of buildings once upon this have been discovered. The Academy derived its name from one Academus or Ilecademus, whose shrine, as a
No remains
8;
1,
to in the notes.
30. AllarH of Eros, of Anteros. and The Torch-Iince of Prometheus Other altars in the Academy Plato's
was in the Academy (see 1, 29, 2 Dem. 24. 114, p. 73(5 Schol. Ar. Nub. 1005, etc.). The first mention of Ilipit in historical times is when
hero,
;
Schol.
tomb Tower of Timon Altar of Poseidon Jlippins and of Athena II ippia Ileroums of Theseus and Pirithous, of Oedipus and Adrastus.
Cimon
first
converted
it
1.
4s 'AKa8T](iov
tradition assigns
to a place three
the
name
of
Academy
Cimon, 13
Laert. 3,
cf.
id.
Snlla. 13
Diog.
7).
it
Uend the
in
beautiful de-
Dipylum,
in the
scription of
Aristoi)hanes,
it
who
wood bordering
contains
156
Tov 8e eV TrdXet
/3w/xo^'
Orjixa eiuai
5
Xeyovcn
d(^eivai
Kard
Trjq
bp.oiio<;
Kat (^epoiv
iavTov
10 9
d(f)rJKe-
MekrjTa
Se, oj?
TT]'?
Kat to ivTev-
Oev Satpova
CTTT]
ftcopo'^, 15
Kat Beovaiv
dvr'
avTov
Kato-
/xeVa9 XaprrdSa^
TYjV
8dSa
ert
Kaiopeviqv
8e ovhev ert
el
hk
IlpoiiiiOtws P|i6s
Apollodorus,
quoted in Schol. Soph. Oed. Col. 50, gives a fuller description of this altar. Restates that it was dedicated jointly to
the
Academy continued
Diog. Laert.
De
Prometheus and Hephaestus. The altar was at the entrance to the Academy, and from this altar the torch-race appears to have started.
4, 2,
4, 3,
15. \a|xird8as:
19; 4,8,00).
When
to Athens, he cut
Academy
Sulla,
80).
to
namely
of
enaea, the
festivals
12;
Pwfjios
'AvTc'pwTos:
accordingto Ath.
who
Athenaeus also gives the metrical inscription. Suidas (s.v. MAtjtos) tells the
story of the altar of Anteros, with
some
Pausanias.
it
at full
TOMB OF PLATO
Ch.
30, 4
157
fxrjhe
KpaTMv
el
tj
Se /cat
ttolctlu
icmv
ot(o
KaraXetVerat
vlkt].
ecrrt
Se
'A^r/m?,
rot'
oe Hpa/cXeof? eiroirjcrav
rovro
Xeyojaet'ot' ^avrjvai.
fxurjfjLci
eariv^
co
nponpoe-
e'?
<^iko<jo<^iav ecreadai
ovrw.
Saj/cpari7? r>J
npoTcpa vvktI
kvkvov
rj
e'<?
llXdrcop
rot* /coX-
ecrrt Se
kvkvo)
rw opviOi
fxov(TiKrj<;
Sofa, ort
Atyvoji' rwt'
rrj^
KcXriK^J? Kvkuop
ATToXXwt'o?
avTov
e'<?
rot-
opviOa.
iyoi Se ySacrtXevcrat
Tret^o^at Atyvcriv
air'
avhpa ixovaiKov,
/caret
yeueadai Se
/xot
airiarov opviOa
av^po^.
rovro
rirj?
^wpa?
yeveaOai
irXr^v tov<;
dkXov^ cjievyovTa
KoXcui'os
'AKaSr;/^/^.
is
SeLKVVTaL Se Kat
it
^w^09
it
KaXovp.evo<;
tj*
on
to tlie second,
21.
was situated
ovcipov:
t^
he to the third,
etc.
cXaias
tiie
27.
this story
3,
;
told
more
ix.opiaL
grew
to
in
fully
ed.
by Diog. Laert.
5; Biogr. Gr.,
Academy;
their
twelve,
Apuleius, l)e
cf.
Riogr. Gr.,
the Acropolis
27, 2; Ar.
;
cd.
Westorniann,
that
303,
where
it
is
said
Photius,
Lexicon,
s.v.
fiopiai).
The
was embittered
was
;
againstallmen,borethesociety of Plato
with
ishment
the case
was
tried
by the
7, 41
;
much
benignity.
35.
KoXuvos
Vinrios:
Thucydides
(8,
not enforced
23.
in Aristotle's time.
fJ.vT)(ta:
Athens.
Hence
it
nXoLTwvos
it
Pausanias
Acad3, 41,
emy
158
tTTTTto?,
TToSa
8'
hidi^opa ovv
icrfBakoiv,
evOa
rrjs
'Attik^?
jxev
koL raOra
/cat ^ojfjLO^
nocretSwi/os
'Ittttlov
kol ^K0rjva<;
'iTTTTta?,
KaKoxra'?
'
AdrjvaloLS
TTjv yyjf-
31
ArjjxoL
Be
ol
jxiKpol
rrj'?
'Atti/ctJ?,
co9
erv^j^ev
KaorTO<;
Megara
is
He
describes
Col.
its
luxuriant
sqq.);
(Oed.
0()8
he
Colonus (Suidas
s.v.
So0ok\^s).
He
speaks of the spot as sacred ground, the possession of Poseidon, and inhabited
also
ment, was
fully
first
organized or at least
Ath. 21).
is
by Prometheus; here
also
was a
Thenumit
ber instituted by
is
him
uncertain;
to
denies of Attica
The Hyperboreans
Artemis Golaenis and Aniarysia. 1. Af)|ioi leaving Athens and its suburbs to the northwest, Pausanias now
:
one hundred. of one hundred and seventy-four demes (Strabo, 9, p. 396). The names of one
hundred and
ancient writers.
Out
of these
one hun-
cc.
31, 1
(1, 39,
39,
1,
3;
know
the
44, 10)
its
territory.
He
first
approximately
while
tlie sites
of the
demes(l,31,l 1,32,1); hethen names the Attic mountains (1, 32, 2); then describes
more demes
(1,
(1, 32,
1, 33, 8);
then Oropus
of Attica
(1, 34);
35, 1
30, 2);
then
(1,
remaining eighty are still undetermined (see A. Milchhoefer, Sitzungsb. Preuss. Akad., Berlin (1887), p. 42; Pauly-Wi.ssowa, s.v. Attika). Pausanias mentions about twelve in this and following chapters. Elsewhere he names a few more, namely Sunium (1, 1, 1), Piraeus (1, 1,
2),
1,
38, 5);
next Eleusis
38, 8-9);
itself
I'halerum
1),
(1,
1,
2),
(1, 36,
3,
(1,
Aphidna
(1,
(1,
17,
(1,
sis to
Boeotia
(1,
finally the
30, 4),
Laciadae
38, 2),
37, 2),
nidae
Anaphlystus
Df:MES OF ATTICA
Ch.
31, 1
159
'AXt/xovcrtot9 jxeu
OLKLadeCsy TctSe
c?
fjLpyJixrjv
irapei^ouTo-
Upou, iv ZwaTrjpL 8e
inl
5
da\.a.cr(Tr)<;
kol y8w/xo9 *Adr)va<; kol 'AttoXXwi^o? koI *ApTreKeiv fxev ovv ArjTO) tov<s TratSa? iuTavda
oj?
ov
(f)aaL,
Tl pocnra\TLOt<;
^
Se ecrrt
Apayvpaaiot'^ 8e
Upop
Ke(f)a\rjcn Se ol
AioaKovpoL popit^opTai
pakLCTTa, MeyctXov?
Sphettus
(ib.),
yap
Decelea
(3, 8, G),
'
and
:
and Sunium.
lage ancient
To
vil-
Stiria (10,
blocks and
vestiges of
tis.
According
to Strabo, 9, 308,
il
lay
between riialerum and Aixone, at a distance of thirty-five stadia from Atliens (Dem. 57, 10, p. 37(3). In accordance with our location of I'halerum, Halimus must be along the coast between St. George (Trispyrgi) and St. Cosmas (see Excursus I). The historian Thucydides belonged to Halimus
(Biogr. Gr., ed.
203).
Text
iii-vi,
12.^
8.
and Suid.
s.v.'Ai'a7i'pdit
Strabo
(7, p.
808) locates
on the
It is
and Thorae.
Westermann, pp.
:
100,
commonly placed
3. 0, p.
Zwo-rfipi
according
to
Cape Zoster.
See
Strabo,
308, Zoster
Milchhoefer, A.M.
XIH
:
(1888). 3(iOiii-vi,
302
15.
K4>aXf|<ri
Cepiialo
was a
Ar.
s.v.
of
cape
7.
Halimus; and he adds that off the tiiere is an i-sland called Phabra.
the
tribe
;
deme
of the tribe
Acamis
is
(Schol.
Aves, 476;
Ke<pa\rj6ev)
.
npoo-iraXrlois: I'ro.spaltawasademe
located near
of
p.
1071
irdXTtot).
named one
of his
who had
the reputation of
Sunium. Hero sepulchral inscriptions have been found containing the names of natives of Cephale (C.I. A. II,
2151, 2154);
inscription
at Cephale."
al.so
"boundary
Ai>hrodite
modern
is
village of Kaly-
which
in the interior of
Attica about
tika,
160
iom
pa6<;
ivravda
ret?
Tnep-
Se
15
TO-uT(t)u
%Kv9a<; e? ^LvcoTrrfv
^
ivrevOev Se (f)pecr0at
dyovTas
'
ra? 8e
yipaxTKecrdai 8e
ovSeucov.
ecrrt
8e
jjLvrJixa
inl
Upacnals
'^pvai)(dovo^,
Xov, yevofJivr)s ol
20 8e
Toi^
Kpavaov
A[X(f)i
^acrikevcravTa
Adrjuaicou
on
p,v
i^e/SaXeu
(fivyoura
v Se npacrivo-iv
Prasiae was a
century
b.c.
18.
^tra. ttiv 6-
east coast of
the one
bay now called Porto Raphti, about sixteen miles northeast of Sunium, between the demes of Potamus on the south and Stiria on the north. It was
in ancient times a port of Attica (Schol.
The
have sailed to Crete conveyed the elivoy to Delos in the ship were also the
;
hymn
to
gives,
Herodotus (4,33) on the authority of the Delians, an entirely different route by which the offerings of the Hyperboreans were for:
'YircpPope'wv
;
Thuc.
8,
95
Livy, 31,
crowned
till
its
stern
and from
that
moment
warded to Delos. He has them conveyed first to the Scythians thence westward from people to people until
;
one might be put to death in Athens. This gave a respite to Socrates. See Plato, Phaedo, 58 a-c, 59 d; Xen. Mem.
4, 8, 2
;
Plut. Thes. 23
:
id. Nicias, 3.
thence
22.
AapnTTpta
this
;
deme belonged
southward
to the people of
Dodona
to
who
transmitted
them over
to
the
gulf of
Euboea
and finally by the Carystians to Tenos, whence the Tenians took them to Delos. Frazer thinks Herodotus gives us
the original Delian version, Pausanias
it included two Upper Lamptrae and Lower (or Seaside) Lamptrae (Marpocr,.Suid., and Phot. Lex. s.v. Aa/U7rrpers; He.sych. It was on the southern s.v. Xa^Tpd). coast of Attica, between the demes of Thorae and Aegilia (Strabo, 9, p. 398). Upper Lamptrae has been identified
PHLYA MYRRIIIXUS
Ch31, 5
161
(fyacn, /cat
ecm
/cat
e'/xe
^ov
iiTL
ei'
AajxTTTpevaL
Kat
yap
ovto<; utKrjcre
TCt4
(^09
T179
^wpa?.
raura
/ixei'
Si^
ovtoj Xe'ye-
'\v6iov
/cat
i/vfxcf)(ov
'Io"/x^7^'t8&^'
Kat T^y?,
17^
MeyaXTyi/
^rnx'r)Tpo<;
^eoi' 6voixoiC,ovcn
Oecov
to 8e
\B p.ovel<;
Se rt/xwe'9
of Cephisia.
Vari.
27.
Fotami was a
s.v.
It lay
north of Chalandri.
Girt, col. 2,
1.
ricus
9,
p.
308
Mvppivowo-Cois
to
13;
:
II, 204(5;
1113.)
this
dome belonged
Byz.
riiny, N.
It
comprised three
the
Potami,
C.I.A.
known
864.
as Upper,
Lower, and
II.
U, 545
and Phot. Lex. s.v. MvppivoiJs). It was on the site of Merenda, a ruined
village in the interior of Attica, ea.st of
See A.M.
(1885),
105 sqq.).
It is
commonly
identified
Markopoulo.
(See C.I.A.
mention the deme of Thoricus. 4Xvvai this deme belonged 28. originally to the tribe Cecropis, and was
:
A.M. XII (1887), 277 .S(i.). 34. 'A0|jiovis: Athmonia or Athmonum was a township of the tribe (^e575;
cropis (Ilarpocr. s.v. 'Adfiovfvi; Suid.
s.v. 'A0fj.ovla
;
new
tribe
Ptolemais
(Steph.
;
Byz.
s.v.
4>\veh;
<I>\i;^a).
Steph. Byz.
s.v. "AOf^ovov).
it
Ilarpocr. s.v.
At a
later
time,
apparently,
was
In-
transferred to the
new
tribe Attalis
Phlya
is
identified
on the
cf. 1, 5, 5).
mod-
Athmonia was on
in
the
Athenian
162
THP:
ATTICA OF PAUSANIAS
ecTTiv
'Afxapwdo^ iv Ev/3oia
/cat
yap
ol ravrrj
Trj<;
'Afxapvaia^;
KoXaCvov KokelaOai.
St^/xoi? <^dvai
Trj<;
17
yeypaoj?
twv iv rot?
ttoXXou?
eicrrt
Kat
dp\7]^ i^acnXevovTO
Ke'/cpoTTO?*
Ke'/cpor//
Se 6 Ko-
Mvppt^'ovcrtot XeyovcTLv
eySacrtXevcrev
ecrrt
C05
dp^avTo<;.
8e 'A^j^api'ai 6
8^/xo9
/cXea.
^
Kat ^Adrjvd^
^(t)ix6<;
iariv 'Tyteta?
ri^i^
8' 'iTrvrtat'
/cat
Ktcrcroi^
(^avrj-
rot'
KLcrcrou to (f)VTOP
ivTavda irpojTov
50 i^at Xeyoi/re?.
and one and one half miles Marusi obviously preserves the surname of Amarysian
of Athens,
the Athenian
army
at the beginning of
south of Cephisia.
Artemis.
1724.
the Peloponnesian
War no
less
than
See C.I.A.
II,
1722, 1723,
ens
:
was situated sixty stadia from Ath(id. 2, 21), in a fertile and welldealt in charcoal (Ar. Acli.
Amaryn-
The people
from Eretria (Strabo, 10, p. 448), where an annual festival was held by the
Carystians as well as the Eretrians in
on the
The site of the sanctuary has been identified, with some probability, in the foundations of some buildings to the east of Eretria (see Lolling, A.M. X
(1885), p. 354).
45.
'Axapval
Stip.os
Acharnae be-
Axa.pva).
It
were regarded as stout soldiers (Ar. From Thuc. 2, 1, 20, sq.). and Diod. 14, 32, it follows that Acharnae was seven miles northwest of Athens at the foot of Mt. Parnes. It doubtless occupied with its suburbs the territory embraced by the villages of Menidi and Epano-Liossia, one and one half miles from each other, where traces of an ancient township and ruins have been found. On Acharnae see Leake, Athens, II, 35-38; Bursian, Geogr. I, 334; Milchh. Karten von Attika, Text
Ach. 180
ii,
42; and
A.M. XIII
(1888), 337
ff.
; ;
163
/cat
1
32
^^PV
Y\apvr]<i
koj,
Tfi'qTTos OS
vop.a^
Thuc.
ria
The marsh.
for
2, 2:};
90; Athen.
5,
p.
210 a,
etc.
its
On
ron.
is
of the range
2,
Ozca.
1.
IltvTcXiKov:
Ntib.
Hesp.
name
(Thuc.
I'entelicus
was Brilossns
9, p. 399, etc.),
Strabo,
Icarom. 11
Stat.
was sometimes called Pentelicus, as by Pausanias aud Vitruvius (2, 8, 9), a name derived from Pentele, an Attic deme (Steph. Byz. s.v. IlevrAr;) on
but
it
Steph. Byz.
Tos
:
s.v.
lldpt/rji.
3.
'Yji^tflat-
Ilymettus
is
the
regular,
topped chain of
hills
Theoph. De
vectig.
1, is
lapid.
1,
G;
cf.
2(5).
De
4;
Livy, 31,
Xen. Mt.
ends at Cape
of
Pentelicus
tain, at the
the pyramid-like
moun-
Zoster.
the
Athenian
ries
olis.
from Athens.
and seventy feet) north of the glen of Pirnari, which divides the chain into two, was called in ancient times the
Great Ilymettus; the lower part
to the
Its height is three thousand six hundred and thirty-five feet. The monastery of Mendeli borders on the site
south of the glen was called the Lesser or Waterless (Anydrus) Ilymettus
of
the
ancient
deme
2.
Pentele.
The
Parnes
1,
20).
The
monasteries.
ndpvT]s
id.
was one of the three chief ranges of mountains in Attica, the other two being Ilymettus and Brile.ssus or Pentelicus
De fin. 2, 34,
12
Strabo, 9, p. 399, etc.). The story goes that when Plato was a babe the bees
of
(Theoph.
De
sign.
temp.
3, 43).
Ilymettus
filled
his
mouth with
;
As the
it
location of the.se
is
two
the
is
known,
still loftier
honey (Aelian,Var. Hist. 10, 21 Biogr. Gr., ed. Westermann, pp. 382, 390). Poets spoke of the flowery and fragrant
Ilymettus (Ovid,
which bounds the plain Athens on the north, forming with its offshoota the great mountain barrier between Attica and Boeotia. This is confirmed by ancient authorities.
of
Cf. Plato, Critias, p. 110 u, with Schol.
Theb.
12,
022).
a bluish-
Odes,
2,
18, 3 sq.
Pliny, N. H.
164
'AXal^Mvcuv.
a(f)a<;
is
(rifx-
^copas KOL
(TVfxcfives
oltt
avTOv
tovto
p.v
roiovTov
Ylevre- 2
X^crt jxev
icmv
'TfxrjTTLOV
et<Ti
Atd?,
^cofxol
'Ofi^pCov Ato?
/cat
'ATroXXwi^d?
npooi//tou.
/cat ^cofxos
/cat
%r)p.a\ov Atd?
eicrrt
Se eV r^ UoLpvyjOt
/cat
aXXo?
'Attt;/cat
/ScofMOSy OvovcTL 8e
15 jLttov /caXovt'Teg
eV avTov
/cat
Ata.
A to 9
ayaX^a
8e
17
'Ay^ecr/xtov.
r&iv vrjcroiv is d(f)y]yriaiv TpairecrOai,
eVe^et/xt.
is still,
ri/atj'
rd
is tovs 3
Icrov
orjixos
icrri
yVapaOcov
Hymettus
as
of hills,
remarkable for the wonderful purple glow which comes over it as seen from Athof old (Ovid, Ars
3, G87),
Am.
forms the
ens by evening
the cup of
light.
Socrates drained
which
is
8f|p.6s o-ti
MapaOwv
Marathon
c).
was a member
of an ancient confeder-
15. 'A7x<''H'<'S
this
mountain, not
hills
now
8, p. .383;
Steph.
known
extending
s.v.
TerpdiroXis;
Plut.
Theseus,
northward from Athens in the directionofCephisia, which forms the watershed of the Athenian plain. The chain terminates in the conical rocky hill which towers aloft northeast of Athens, nine hundred and ten feet above the sea, and is doubtless the ancient Lycabettus (cf. Plato, Critias, p. 112a
;
Diod. 4, 57), four towns said to 14 have been founded by Deucalion and later merged by Theseus into a single state with the other petty communities
of Attica.
Phot. Lex.
fails to
etc.).
Pausanias
MARATHON
Ch.
32,
165
Kapvcrrov
T7J<;
Trjq
TToXecti?
twu
iv
20 EvySoia-
ea^ov
oi
^dp^apoi
/cat p-d.XV
w? dvrjyovTO dncokeaau
TOiv veoiv.
crTrjXaL
avrw
Ta ovofxara
Kara
(f)v\d<; eKacrroji^
e)(OvaaL,
/cat
SovXot?
ip.a)(^ecravTO
ixprjjxa 4
tote npcoTou.
KifjL(i}vo<;,
KaTaaT'qvai oe e? Se
It is
The
is
a cres-
land curving
round the shore of a spacious bay, and bounded westward by a semicircle of steep mountains rising abruptly from
the plain.
is
narrow rocky promontory running southward far into the sea, now known as Cape Stomi or Cape Marathon the southern end of the plain is terminated by Mt. Agrieliki, an eastern spur of
;
was excavated by the Greek government in April-June, 1890. At a depth of about nine feet below the present surface of the plain was found an artificial floor about eighty -five feet long and twenty feet broad, upon which rested a layer of ashes, charcoal, and human bones. Also later a trench was
Soros.
It
the
heroic
dead.
The
Mt. I'entelicus.
six miles
The length of
the plain
is
with the bones and ashes of the dead belong to the period of the Persian
about
miles.
is
no doubtthat the
its
human remains
to
The shore
troops.
is
great
swamp
occupies most
of
22.
tlie
rd^os:
be recognized
in
hundred and ninety-two Athenians who Xo 117). fell at Marathon (lldt. 0, traces have been found of the mound over the remains of the fallen Plataeans and slaves. 2(5. MiXridSov: Ildt. G, 132-130, and
Corn. Nep. Miltiades,
of Miltiades.
7.<*q.,
mound
narrate the
and
trial
and death
related
in circumference,
30.
where
it is
was the
'
166
30
ivapyrj diav eTriTT^Se? ^ev ovk ecTTiv otco avviqveyKev, dvrjk6(o 8e ovTL Kol aXXo)? (jvyi^av ovk ecttiv ck
opyrj.
ixd)(y]v
tmv
SaLjjiovoiP
napa
ttjv
/cat
MapaOcova
crvve/Sy]
dcj)'
ov
T(p Sijixcp
Kol 'HpuKXea,
(f)diJievoL
35 v(ov (T^icriv
yovcriv
dvSpa
napelvaL to etSo?
/cat ttjp
cTKev^v
aypoLKOv
Tpco /xera to
epyov ^v
avTov
d(f)av't]s
pev 6 Oeoq
e?
e^^prjcrev ovSev,
Tipdv Se 'E^erXato^'
e'/ce-
40 Xeucrei^ rjpcoa.
tov<;
octlov
prjv
dvOpcoTTOv veKpov yfj Kpvxjjai, Td(f)ov Se ovSeVa evpelv iSvvdovTE yap ^wpa ovte dXXo (rrjpelop rjv tSeti', e? opvypa
Se (f)povTe<; acfidq
45 0COUL TTiqyrj
w?
TV)(OLev
eae^aXov.
ecrrt
Se iv t(o
Mapa-
KaXovpeurj
co?
e'/c
M a/cap ta,
l^ipvvdo<^
/cat rotctSe
e? avTrjv Xeyov-
aiv.
'Hpa/cXi79
(fiiXop
KyvKa
ovTa
/xerot/ct^erat
^aaiXevovTa
eVet
e'^r^ret
rov? TratSa?
EvpvaOevq,
e'<?
'A^i^Va? Trepirei
(T(f)d<;
6 Tpa^ti'to? dcrOeveidv
elvai,
50 re Xiy(i)v Trju
avTov
/cat
Srjcrea ovk
dovpaTOP
TipoypeZv
TToXepov
71/309
Adr]paLOV<;,
Sy]a-(jt)<; cr(f)d<i
ovk
e'/cSdi^-
T09
atrovi^Tt
EivpvcrOel.
;
Xeyovat Se
Schol.
tlie
'A^T^i^atot?
yeveaOai
cups
(Find.
result of
meeting a hero
cf.
.
. .
prizes
0,
were
silver
32.
o-PovTai
'Hpa-
Olyiup.
45.
KXt'a: cf. 1,15, 3. This was one of the two most revered shrines of that hero in Attica the other was at Cynosarges
;
(Harpocr.
IIG, tells
s.v. 'H^d/cXeta).
Hdt.
G, 108,
battle, the
Athenians encamped in the precinct of Heracles at Marathon. Here games Avere celebrated in honor of the hero;
MaKapia: the story of Eurysand death in Attica, whither he had marched against the childi-en of Heracles who had found a refuge in the Tetrapolis, is told also by Strabo, 8, p. 377; Diod. 4, 57; and is the theme of Euripides's Ilcraclidae.
theus's defeat
Cf.
Thuc.
1,
BRAURON
Ch.33,
1
167
)(pr]crfxov
rdv
twv 'HpaKXeovs
(T<f)icrLu
tlpol
55 ideXopTTjv,
ij/ravda
MaKapCa
Trrfyrj
kavrrjv ehoiKev
Adr]vaLOL<; re
d(f)' avTrjf;.
KparrjaaL rw
Se eV
TroXe/Lio)
/cat
rrj
to ouojxa
ecrrt
rw Mapa6(opL
top
(f>6uop
Xifxpy] 7
ra TToXXa eXwSTy?GO
iairmTovcriv ol fidp^apoi,
top ttoXvp
virep Se
tt^i^
Xljxpt^p (jyaTPaL
XiSov twp
lttttcop
twp
/cat
T/3at9 (TKr)prj<;.
7r/309 avrrj
rr}
pel Se
7179
XLfxpr) ^o(TKyj[Jia(rLP
vSwp
eVtrr/Setoj' irape^o-
iK^oXrjp Tr)P
e'?
yiperai
re/DCe)
/cat
oXiyop Se
d7r(w-
Tov TreStov
yaei^
e'9
opo^
/cat
eicroSo?
tlaip oIkol
to.
/cat
XovTpd
70
/cat
TroXXa
al^lp eiKacrjxepai.
33
Mapa9(x)P0^ Se
^'eta^' tt)v
aTre'^et
r^
e'/c
yu.ei'
AyayLefxpopo^
cf.
1,15,3.
This
swamp
Atlas
of
now covered
with reed-
Bpavpcov
and is separated from the sea by a narrow strip of sandy beach. Between the marsh and the mountain slopes is the modern village of KatoSouli.
Strabo
(9, p.
390) locates
it
on the east
marsh,
was represented in the painting of the Painted Porch (1, 15, 3) and is mentioned Schol. Plat. Menex. 358, and
but
it
Its position
and Maraon
is known from Ildt. 4, 145; and there was a river Erasinus at Brauron (Strabo, 8, p. 371). This leads to its identification with Vraona, a villaKe which meets the conditions
138
168
THJ:
ATTICA OF PAUSANIAS
Ch.
33,
Apyo?
d(^t-
KecrBai
^oavov
ToJi^
TO Se
e/c
MapaOcouo'^ oe crraotou?
ri^i'
KOL at
jae^' ot/ci^o'et?
8,
|6avov: see
1,
23, 7
3, IG,
7-11
The
'Pafivovs
Rhamnus was
deme
s.v.
larger temple
is
of
tlie
Byz.
'Pa/xvoGs),
by thirty-three feet broad on the stylobate. It was a peripteral hexastyle Doric temple, with twelve columns on
each of the long
sides.
It
was one
of
tlic
fortresses
The outer
col-
of Attica
umns
Philipof
The place was chiefly famous for its temple and image of Nemesis (Strabo,
9,
was never
finished.
thodomos, arranged
in the usual
The lower
The orator
(Suid.
It is
Antiphon belonged
six
to
Rhamnus
on the south side and one in the pronaos are still standing. The architectural features render
it
s.vv. 'Ai'Tt^cDj'and'Pa/Lij'oOs).
about
probable that
and one half miles north of KatoSouli, which agrees well with the sixty stadia estimated by Pausanias. The site is an isolated rocky height of considerable natural strength, jutting out
the temple
was
The discovery
on a and of
and upon which are the ruins of the fortress. Not far away on a terrace at the head of a deep and woody glen are the ruins of two temples, that of Nemesis and a smaller
into the sea,
this
was the
was a
em plum
in
sisting of cella
feet long
and pronaos,
10.
Nsfi*'-
Upov
upon the
terrace
al-
ready mentit)ned, one luindred and fifty feet wide and facing the sea, lie
by twenty-five feet wide. Inscriptions and statues found in the temple prove that it was in use at least from the fifth to the second century is.c. and was in all probability a temple of
RHAMNUS
CU.
Tj
33, 4
169
icmu
aTrapatn^ro?.
deov TavTr]<;
KaTa(f)pouijcrai^T<;
yap
15
Yidpiov
eV
i^eipya(Tfxevoi<s
-qyov e? TpoTraiov
KXdhov
20 (fadXr)
fjLTjXea^;,
rfj
Se^ta
Se
(jadXrjv,
At^tOTre?
tov<;
8e
eVt r^
ireTTOiTjVTai.
avpfiaXeadaL he to e?
enl
AWiOTra^
Trj
(f)LdXr) (fyacrl
vov
25 Ti^?
OLKeZv
*flKeav6v.
VTTO
daXdcrar) Se ea^drrj 4
\^y)pe<^
dvdp(i)TTOiv
7rXo/u,eVi79
vpoaoLKOvaLv
koX
KeXrot,
/cat
AWlottcdv
TOiKOvaiv
(f)dy(i)P
\)(0vo(f)dyoi,j /cat
opofxd^eTaL.
ol he St/catorarot
30
rpdne-
ovhe
(tcJ^lctlp
(l-C.)
Themis. Some authorities hold that it was the original sanctuary of Nemesis if so, it continued in use after the larger temple was built.
;
of Agoracritus
was by the
vision of Phidias.
The
10. N<|i^<rc<i>s
block of marble
fable.
is
doubtless a popular
was ten
Hesych.
cubits
s.v.
high (Zenob.
for
v.
82
'Pafivova-^a
"S^fxea-is),
its
;
statue
Museum, and
at Athens.
fragments of
Museum
According to
the lexicog-
Furtwangler conjectures that the Ceres of the Vatican is a copy of the Nemesis
of
Pausanias, Zenobius
raphers,
(I.e.),
Rhamnus
30.
(Meisterw.
p. 119).
:
and
ttiv r\kU>v
rpdir^Jav
cf. 0,
20, 2.
The Table
of the
Sun was
in the
land
170
7TOTafxo<i
aXXo<? ye
-q
NeiXo?.
elcrl
35 elSevat
ol
ecr^arot
Tr/ao?
^ArXavrt
TO
ydp
irpoq
tm "ArXavTi
dXXa
TTcti^
tj
ovtco<;
to 8e
vScjp TO eK Tov
Acat
KpoKoSeiXoL
SiTTTJ^^eajp
dv6pdiiTCxiv KaTehvovTo
45
TTOLelp
Trj<^
xjjdjxjxov
6 Se
^ArXa? {opoq)
v\jj7)Xov
Kai Xeyerat
tov
50 ro,
TdSe
/xei'
TocrovTov elpijcrOo)
iTTepd
8'
^/xupvatoi?
ro.
ol 8e vcrree'yodi' e'^e-
poi*
eVt(^atVeo"^at
55 Xouo'ti'
ydp
r'i7^'
EpcjTi ttolovctl.
ecTTiv
vvv oe
TjOTj OLeL[XL
who dwelt
;
on the Indian ocean. "It was said to be a meadow in the suburb of their city
every night the rulers set forth great
piles of the boiled flesh of all kinds of
7 sq.,
and
others,
King Camit.
cf.
Hdt.
4, 184,
172
and
182,
who
all
who
were called Atlantes, but does not identify them with the Nasamonians, whomhedescribesseparately.
of Mt. Atlas
OROPUS
Ch.34,
171
'EXeVry Ne-
kol Ope^au
iraTepa ok
/cat
Ata
/cat
ov TvuSdpeoju
pofxi^^ovcn.
Tavra
p.4vr]v
dKr]KO(x)<;
^etSta?
crvv
dyorov?
Trapd ttjv
Ne/iecrti^, ireTroti^/ce
8e Tvvhdpeojv re
/cat
Tratoa? Kat
ecrrt Se
'
dvSpa
ittttw
TrapecTTrjKOTa 'lirnea
/cat
ovopa-
Ilvppo? 6 'A^tXXeiw?,
'Ope-
ywat/ca Xa^cou-
atrav
fiddpcp
Eppi6vrj<;
/cat
avrw
e^i79
oe eVt
eTepo<;
rw
e'?
^Etto^o? KaXovpevo^
/xet'
rovrovg aXXo
-qKovcra ovSeV,
aSeX^ovg Se
eti/at
eVrt ro ovopa
34
Ti^i'
Se
yi^i/ r^i^
npoiTrlav pera^v
to i^
dp-^rjf;
ypLKrj<;,
JioLcoTiav
ovcrav^
e^ovaiv
i<f)'
rjpwv
for the
tlieir
Decelea (Tliuc.
tians recovered
11.
when
the Bocoin
the mother of Helen, see Apollod. 3, 10, 7; Tzetzes, Schol. Lycophr. 88.
70.
S^[io>:
Probably
383
c.
OlvoTis, d4)'
lis ia-Ti
to 6vo|xa tS
in Attica
domes
but
probably here referred to, and one on the Boeotian frontiei", four miles
1, 15, 1,
note;
Ildt. 5,
74
Tiuic.
2, 18).
34. Orojms
The Dream
1.
Temple of AinphlarauH
Oracle.
:
TT]v 'flpwTrtav
wards
of
it
pus was long a bone of contention between Attica and Boeotia (Strabo, 9,
p. 390).
fell
shore
f(U-
Originally
it
was Boeotian.
It
about
into the hands of the Athenians probably at the end of the sixth cen-
tury (Ildt.
5, 77),
narrows to a point two or three miles from the shore where the Asopus issues from a beautiful defile. The site of the town
miles
;
inland
172
^
vnep
tj
avTr}<;
^povov,
^)'t]/3a^
nptu
^Lkimroq
eSojKe <T<^icnv.
rj
fiep
im
^aXctcrcrrys
dire^ei 8e SwSe/ca
\4ye-
avTov
ofjLOV
ov tovtyj
crvfi-
10
^rjvai
(fiacTLv,
dX\d
<7)>
Apfxa KaXovfxevov.
6eov 8e
Kix(^idpaov TT/awrot?
/cat oi Trcti^re?
^ilpo)7rLOL<;
EXXy^ve?
rjyr^v-
TTOV?, ot
l-'S
^ewv Trap'
to'l<;
8e
/cat
dvdKeivTai
TToXet?,
TO)v Tpo(f)(ovL(o
/cat
/xepT7
to ^ej'
Ato?
'Ep-
20 p^ov /cat
'
Ap(f)Lapdov
e'?
'AX/cyLtatwf
Se 8ta TO
of
^KpufjivXyjv
antae
of
it,
it
was not
peripteral.
In front
is
tlie
feet
by fourteen
The distance
Pausanias.
is
greatly understated by
Mavrodhilissi.
The remains
oPwixos: the great altar was divided into five parts, dedicated to vari17.
appears
feet
The
that
existing remains
it
by forty-three
SANCTUARY OF AMPIIIARAUS
Ch.34,5
173
firjv
ovSe
napa rw 'A/x^tXd^w
/cat
TLfxrjv e)(et-
TerdpTr) 8e ecrrt
'Tyeta?
^X$r)va^
/cat
Yiai(x)uia<^
Tre^TTTT)
Se TreiroiiqTaL
Kr](f>L(Ta).
25 pvix<f)aL<;
KOL Haul
no
he 'A/x^tXd^w
/cat
ecrnv iv
ttj
TrdXet ^oj/xo?
KtXt/cta? eV
MaXXw
Trrjyr)
ian
Se ^ilpcDnioL^
tov vaov,
iqu
'A/x^tapciov
tJ
/caXovo'tt',
voaov 8e
apyvpov
dcfyeluai
tj
^pvaov
Tavrr)
'Aix(f)tdpaou
XeyovaLV
17817 ^edi^.
'lo<f)a)v
8e Kp'wcro'to?
i^TjyrjTMf
XPV
^prjaai
e7n7
<^dp.evo<i
raOra ra
rd e? rov?
et^^e-
i^
ov8t9
8ta-
/cat
TTTrjaei^
80/cw 85 5
hrj-
X09
(rTT](rdfxevo<?.
ecrrt
8e
Kaddpcnov
tco
Oeco
Why the worship of the divinities mentioned should have been united at a single altar
jy
at
Deor. concil. 12), while Amphiaraus Oropus charged not less than nine
27.
MaXXw
defectu oraculorum, 45) and I)io Cassins (72, 7), the oracles of
Amphilochus
dreams. The
in
Romans .threw Clitumnian spring. money annually into the Lacus Curtins in fulfillment of a
vow made
for the
P.);
id.
174
dveiVj
45 ^(Ojxcp TO,
ovofiaTa
hrjXojcnv ovelpaTO^.
'
35
NT^trot 8e
AdrjvaioL^; ov noppco
Trj<;
^wpa?
elaiv,
rj
fxkv
dWr]
5
viqcTo.).
YlarpoKkov Ka\ovp,evrj
ra
8e
e's
dvrrjv
irXeovcnp
e? ravTiqv dTTo/BrjuoLi
rrju
rfj
e's
TrapiJKei Kal
T'^v M.eyapLKTJv.
T7J<; ixr}Tpo<i
Oecrdat tovto
dno
SaXafxli'O'; T179
57).
festival,
The Egyptian priests, at a certain threw money into the Nile (Sen-
an irregular crescent,
Its
is
with
its
about
The Attic islands: ratrodus, History ofSalamis Objects of interest on the island Vast size of Ajax Geryones and Ilyllus. 1. NiiCT-oi on the island of Patro35.
Helene, Salamis
nine miles;
east to west
highest point
and
fifty feet
above the
In ancient
The island beyond Snniuin is now called Makronisi, and lies off the southeast coast of Attica. It is bare and rugged, nine hundred and twenty feet above the sea at its highest point, and about eight miles long from south to north. Strabo (9, p. 309) and Pausanias (8, 14, 12) speak of it as desert. The isle of Cranae, according to Homer (II. Y, 445), was the retreat of Paris and Helen. Pauclus, see 1, 1, 1, note.
(Strabo, 9, p. 395).
mis was on the Bay of Ambelaki, facing towards Piraeus. Strabo (9, p. 393)
says there was a
still
In
1,
sanias elsewhere
(3,
22, 1)
identified
Cranae with an island off Gytheum. Others, however, identified it with this
island off
Dem.l9, 251, p. 420). Some ruinson the northwest promontory near the monastery of the Panagia Phanaromene have been identified as those of the fort Budorum, captured in 429 u.c. by
the Peloponnesians,
Sunium
who
were, liowit
Hom.
is
the next
r, 445).
6,
day (Thuc.
:
1,
ZoXafxCs
8.
TTjs 'Ao-wirov:
Diodorus
(4,
72) says
SALAMIS
Ch.
35,
175
AOtjuolol
yvovre^ ideXoKaKrjcraL
15
dpaaTdTov; inoLiqGrap, Kararw ttoXc/aw tw Trpo? Kacrcrai'hpov KoX Trjv ttoXlv yv(x)fxrf to irXeov MaKeSoacv ipSovpatKol Ai(T)(r)TdSov re Kareyvwaav ddvarop, 09 Tore rjprjTo e?
(r(j)d<i
Iv
T7}P
in epetVta Kat
pao<; AiLapTO<;,
dyaXjxa 8e i^ ij^ipov
^
^vXov
20 TLfxal
avTw
re Kat EupvcrctKCt,
Tows
off
by
l*o-
318
seidon to the island which afterwards bore her name, where she bore to tlie god a son Cychreus, who became king of the island. The island is said to have
(Polyaen.
II,
4,
d.
ninety years
For the next 230). was probably held by a Macedonian garrison. In 229 i$.t'. Aratus restored it to Athens (Plut. Aratus,
Hell.
1,
it
;
and Cychreus
s.v.
34
Pans.
2, 8,
Droysen,
III, 2, 57).
(Strabo, 0, p. 393;
Steph. Byz.
At
punishment here
inflicted.
al-
luded to
19.
t5 AlavTi
Lacedaemonians acted as arbitrators between Athens and Mcgara for the possession of Salamis, Solon is said to have alleged that I'hilaeus and Eury.saces, two sons of Ajax, received the Athenian citizenship and surrendered the island to Athens (Plut. Solon, 10). Pausanias makes Philaeus a son of Eurysaces and grandson of Ajax. But Pherecydes (quoted
4'tXaiov
:
when
the
annual
Ajax on the
island of Sala-
mis,
when
and a
sowa,
regatta.
See Pauly-WisI,
Real-Encycl.
92(i
.sq(],
s.v.
Aianteia.
20.
:
Evpvo-dKovs
the re'/xfos
EopvcdKeiov,
in
lo-Tiv ^v *A9TJvats
rysaces,
named
was
quarter of Melite,
the agora.
the neighborhood
and Herodotus
writers agree,
of Ajax.
(0, 35),
with
whom later
Go-
(Harpocr.
s.
vv. F,vpvadKetov
s.v. EvpvaaKrjs,
12.
dvaard-
176
eariv Iv 'A0y]vaL<;.
Tov Xt/xeVo9
9 rr^v
vavv dTronXeouTcou
T(x)u
Koivov
25 pA,va
'EWrjifcou (TTokov.
iv
rrj
XevKOP
ecTTiv,
vnepvOpop, Kpivov
to. (f)vXXa-
Xoyov 8e
jwv
varepov
30 TjKovcra,
Kara top
ixye0o<;
rdcfiov
to oe 69 to
ret tt/^o? 5
TOV alyiaXov
e? TO pvrjfxa ov ^aXevTTyv TTOcrjaaL, /cat fxe tov veKpov to fxeye35 Oo<; TeKfjiaLpecrdai
TySe iKeXeve
to.
irevTaOXov
rot<;
yap
TratSo? elvai
OL
eVt
yovaaiv
ocTTa, KaXovjxe-
iJLvXa<;.
KeXrwf
ovSev
ovk iOavp^acra to
firJKo^,
oirocra 8e
6
a^ta
i(f)aLveTo
M^dyvqcn rots
dveuXeTO iv ^OXvpurta
the story of the discovery of
is
the usual
p,-yOos
legend
fell
is
when Ajax
Ajax's bones
told also
by Philostra^
the
on his sword at Troy the purple hyacinth sprang from his blood inscribed with the letters Al Al, the
syllable of his
first
name
;
twice repeated
bones were those cubits tall. The grave of Ajax was at Rhoeteuni in the Troad (Apollod. Epit.
Vat., ed. Wagner, p.G7; Quint.
5,
Smyrn.
Pliny, N. H. 21, GO
B, 557, p. 285).
differs
tomb a sanctuary, with a statue of the hero, which Mark Antony carried off
and Augustus restored (Strabo,
595).
13, p.
31.
to
SALAMIS
Ch.
36, 1
177
7701X179
viKtt?
r)ixpa
fXLa
irayKpaTiOv Kai
tovtov
XrjcTTal
Kephavelv
ttov tl
pa<i
dXXa
ol
cru/xf^ue?
^v ocrov
vtto
an
rojt'
e?
iarpwv voOa^.
A 01817
ttju
vrj(ro<;,
aneppcoyacn Se
/cai
avTrj<;
vrjalSe^-
'Aarepiov
Ta(f)rji'aL
50
kripav 6vofxdt,ov(yi
yovo'ti^,
eii'at
roi'
AcTTepiov iv avTrj
Xe-
8e
'
7rat8a
ro
8' e/xot
di^w ttoXi?
iartp ov
Xofftov
7tl(ttlv
ivravOa TrepippayevTOf;
<;
Sta
55 -^eLfjLCJva
ocTOL
i<^av'r)
to CT\rjp.a irape^opra
w?
ovk ecniv
oTrcj^;
dp eho^ep.
tov<; 7roXXov<;
Bpopop
/cat
ydp
T]Sr)
0p6po<;
dpSpo^
Icttip eVetpyao'/i-eVo?
60 fioXrj
/cat
^ocjp
top T7]pv6pr)p.
FaSeipot?
eti^at
TLOvfxevo<; aTrecfiaLPOP ip
fxep ov,
oepopop 8e irape^opiepop
OLa(f)6pov<;
ipTavOa
117
fxep
dno
totjtov 8e 6 tto'OfKfydXrj
*Hpa/cXea 8e 8td
ri^i^ 7ra/9'
noTe
36
TXXop dno tov noTafxov KaXeicrat top nalda. indpeijXL ydp eg roi' npoKeifxepop X6'Ev XaXaiXLPL 8e
yov
TovTO
/Ltv
War of Athenians Philip, Monuments on (he sacred of Demetrius. Eleusis Antheniocritus Modiro ivny lottnsThcseer Scirus Cephisodonts 0jii(rTOKXf)s kt\.: during the
36. Other antiquities on Snlnmis
Pstjttalia
to
2.
son
Tpi-iraiov
r^is
v(kt|s iiv
festival
178
ecTTTiKep aiTO
PLKr]<;
rjv SejjucTTOKXrjs
6 Neo/cXe'ov?
amo9
iyepero yeviaOai
5
toI<;
'
KWrjaL
/cat
Kv^peco?
ecTTiv lepou.
vavfxa)(ovi>Ta)v Se
i^avcrt
SpaKovra iv rats
'
Xeyerat
(f)aprjvaL-
tovtov 6 Oeo^
^y^prjcrev
A0r]vaLOL<s
Kv^pea
XovixeuT]
^vrraXeta
es ravT'r]v tojv
^ap^dpcuv
ocrov rerpaKo-
acp^ov vavTiKov
crvv Te)^ur) fxeu
TTenoLTjixeva.
3
(f)a(rlp
'FXXtJpoju.
ayaX/xa 8e eV
icTTLV ovSeV,
'louo't Se
crtv
Uauo^
Se W9 eKacTTOv erv^e
e'^
^oava
'
eV
'EXevcri^'a
'AOtjpmp
rjv
AdrjpaloL KaXove's
TreiTOLr^TaL ixprjjxa.
tovtop
myth
of Ajax at Salamis the epheboi would row to the trophy and offer sacrifice to Zeus of the Trophy. For ancient ac-
counts of
tlie
battle of
;
Salamis see
78sqq.
:
Ildt. 8,
Cychreus was himself the serpent. 8. ^vTTdXeta: Psyttalia, now called Leqysokoutali, is a rocky island about a mile long, but low and narrow, at
the southern entrance to the strait of Salamis.
calls
it
Cy4. Kwxptws Diod. 11, 15 sqq. chreus enjoyed divine honors at Athens
There are various forms of the legend connecting Cychreus with the serpent. According to
(Plut.
Cf.
Strabo, 9, p. 395,
who
Thes. 10).
"the eyesore of Piraeus." See Aesch. Persae, 447 sq(i.; Hdt. 8, 70 and
;
tated Salamis;
cited
according to Hesiod,
number
14.
who landed on
by Strabo, 9, p. 303, the serpent was bred by Cychreus, and called the
it
the island.
68ov Updv
wa.s expelled
Athens
by Eurylochus because it ravaged the island Demeter, however, received it at Eleusis. A later explanation, found in Steph. Byz. s.v. Kvxpetos wdyos and elsewhere, is that Cychreus was himself surnamed Serpent (Ophis) on account of his cruelty, for which he was Pausania.s' expelled by Eurylochus. story of his appearance as a serpent in
;
to Eleu.sis along
is
Way.
This
the road
iepa
656s;
Atheii. 13,
miles.
The distance Is about twelve The present highroad from AthIt .starts
Way.
179
KTJpvKa ik66vTa,
oJ?
15
ot
Tov XoLTTOv
TYju
Kpirov
/cat
(T^icri
jxyjpLixa
ein^pKeaev 'EXXr^Vwi^.
/xera Se tov
20
Adr]paL(t)v
TotwSe Kokovpevov.
d^'17P pdvTL<i rjXBev
'EXevcrti/tot?
e/c
Aoj8wi/t79
ovopa
25
Thriasian plain,
the
it
way
to Eleusi.s.
:
20.
'Av6p.oKp(Tov
Anthemocritus
shortly before
was sent by
the
I'ericle.s,
ontbreak of the
to
]*eloponnesian
to
which I'ausanias does not reach There are some traces of a stream which crossed the Eleusis road about one and one half miles from the Dipylum, the probable site of Scirum. See Milchh. Kart. 1a and Text ii, 15. The place had a bad reputation as the haunt of prostitutes and gamblers
phisus,
till 1,
37, 3.
War,
plain
com-
(Steph.
liyz.
;
s.v.
S/ci'pos
Alciphr.
that
Epist. 3, 8, 25
Ilarpocr.
ffKipdcpia).
At
He died
on the embassy and the Athenians, charging that the Megarians had nmrdered him, declared war against Megara,
Ath-
sion
Pericles, 30;
ros.
and the priest of Helios went in procesfrom Athens to Scirum (Harjiocr. and Suid. s.v. '^Kipov; Schol. Ar. Eccles. 18). 24. tK At>>8(ovT)s that Scirus was from Dodona is stated only here.
MoXoTTOv
liiin cas
who was
The
tyrant of Eretria
when
the latter
threatened by Philip in
hand, contended that the name of the seer was from their notorious hero Sciron
(cf. 1,
:'.!),
superseded by Molottus,
the hands of the enemy.
who
fell
into
0;
l,44,(!and8; Harpocr.
22. SKipov:
Scirum
is
name from
the
torrent at
some point on the Sacred Way between the Dipylum and the ("e-
25.
Sxipd1,
'A6T)vas
already mentioned,
180
TTeaovTa Se avTov Iv
TTOTafxov
^eifjioippov,
/cai
rw
re ^(Dpioi
tw
Trora/xw.
rw
/^rjixrjTpLOV
SO Ma/ce8d^'a)^'
fiacnXevovTi eg
^xakiCTa ipauTLcodepTO';
avfx/3acrt-
"ArraXo^'
toi^
Mvcrot'
/cat
Se avTovopa AtroiXovg
/cat
rag.
35
wg Se
/cat
e^ AtyvTrrou
Mvcrtas
/cat
napd twv
peydka
Svt^a-
vavalv Ic^vovTe^
(o(f)eXovv,
7rpo<;
evTavOa KT^t^tcrdSwpos
dpvvai 'Fcopaiov^
ot Se
cr(f)L(TL
/cat
/cat Ma/ceSot'coi^
40
e's
rocrovTO KaOeikov
ttJu re
'iraXtai/ d^Orj-
fJ^tXtTTTTO?
Se
i^i'
yap
ra
rav-
T17?
OLKLa'S
ecrx^
Ma/ceSdi^wi^
cu?
dp^rju
Trpd-
Tepov e^et
Merct
4
/Ltot
rov Xdyov.
Kryc^tcroS&jpov
37
Se
rov
Some
ro
purjpa
TedanTai
pev
1,
and note.
of
Macedo-
Romans under
Flamininus.
We
have no information
Phalerum temple. If one had been here, Pausanias would probably have mentioned it; other geographical writers are equally silent (Strabo, 0, p. 393
;
Pausanias
tells
us here.
On
the death
of Alexander, see
1, 10, 1.
men on
/ctX.
:
the Sacred
Way Acest'mm
across the Ce-
Kt]({>io-o8wpov
)ivT]p.a
cf.
Phytalus
phisus
who
bassy of Cephisodorus to
Rome
as tak-
Antiquities
181
kol iv rco vaco
'HXiohiopo's
AXt9
TovTov
rw
rov s^p^r)
/cat Mry'Sot?
ivav-
Tta pavixa^'r](TavTO<i.
'AKecTTiov
TTapijcro)
tov<; tov<;
roi;
aXXov?
'A/cecrrtw
Se
rrj
He^'o-
Kkea
etoe
Trpoekdovai Se oXt-
yoi/
AaKtov
ov Aa/ctctSa? ovojxvrjfjia,
fxd^ov(TLv
15
OLTTO
09 eVt jxeyLCTTov
/cat
trvi'
ecrrt
Se
TratSd?-
Se
cr(f)L(TLv
kOiqvd
/cat
nocetSwi/ e^ovat
rt/xa?.
eV rovrw
rw
2.
'^(opCo)
'HXioScdpos
of
tliis
nothing further
is
%<")
tlie
was the
Seconal
most important
first
in
known
man.
it
Pausanias's ex-
be-
pression leaves
uncertain whether
Michaelis
iiig tlie
was
liereditary
(1,
Ceryces
38. 3).
or a painting by him.
AaKidSas
tlie
deme Laciadae
(Stepii.
s.v. XaKiabai).
120),
and Schubart
(Jb.
f.
Ph.
LXXXVII,
Among
22).
its
members were
(Pint.
Miltiades
id.
0.
'AkccttCw: Acestium
list
also
menpre-
and Cimon
Cimon, 4;
:
Alcib.
tioned in a
of noble
women
18.
<i>vTaXov
Another inscription (CI. A. II, 1414), found in the precinct of Demeter at Eleusis, mentions a
k\4ov% Axo-pv^ws).
'
fig-tree
cf.
s.vv.
3,
Photius,
p.
Etymol.
etc.).
Magn., Athen.
up there by
his wife.
Aces-
tium and her brother probably lived about the beginning of the first century
B.C.
Here the processions rested on their return from Eleusis and here Apullonius the sophist was buried
74
i>,
;
(Philostr.
Vit.
Soph.
2,
20, 3).
tlie
The
The
office
of torchbearer (SaSod-
second
182
ueou dvTL
20
fJiOL
ro{)T(i)v
oovvai
jxapTvpei 8e
TO)
Xoyo) TO iiTLypaiJLfxa to
im
tco
^vtolXov
Toiffxo-
crep.vy^v
i^ ov
25
TlpXv Se
r\
avTov dpicTTa.
dyd\p.aTa
/cet-
Kr](f)Lcr(p
Kade-
ttj 'OfxT](f)7]cn
pov
Tt?
av TeKfxaLpoLTO
TTOirjcrei,
Tr)V
Ato5
vno
TOiv
quoted by Pausa-
was of
He
25.
IIplv 8
Siap-rivai
TOV Kti4)io-6v
cles
Thence
it
flows
nian plain.
At
and
its
adaptation to the
probably stood
the ancient bridge built for the convenience of the pilgrims by Xenocles of
22sqq.
p.
1404
n).
27. Mviiwho
tells
crifidxTis:
see Apoll. 2,
5, 5,
0, 147).
As
the
forced to marry.
33.
altar,
10,
is
mentioned as one of its characteristic features (Ar. Pan. 384 .sc|q.; Strabo,
0, p.
Pw|ji6s
400
the west of
the Cephisus,
THE SACRED WAY
Cli. 37,
183
/cat
35
SiVti'
Toi(f)o<;
Se
ecm
fieu
avTodi ^)eoSe-
he MvrjaLOeov
/cat
tovtov Xeyovcrtp
6 *Ia/c^o9 TTeTToirfTai.
(o
koS 6jxtjt at Se
40 OL fJiya<; /caXov/xevo?
Kua/xtrou
cra^e? Se ovSei^
rti'ct
Xeyeiu
iirecfyyJiJiLcrap
e'?
OTL
rctiv
ATjpLrjt^
Tpa
4"j
Tr)v evpeaiv.
etSe^'
ra
Xeyoi.
ixurjixaTcov Se 5
a p.aki(TTa
e'?
r^/cet,
ro
/xei'
ai'Spd? eVrt
'PoStov fxeTOLKijcravToq
iTToiiqaeVj
crlv
e'?
'A^ifi^a?, ro Se
e'/c
"ApiraXog Ma/ceSwj/
o? ^ XXe^avhpov dTroSpd<;
ri^i'
A0r]paiov<;
vir'
av-
aXXou? re
ert
s.v.
is
/cat
rou?
'We^dvSpov
wliere
(f)iXov<;
direhpa,
nporepov Se
tragedies (Suid.
IlvOoPLK'qv
Sabas. 6
;
2,
now stands the church of St. As to Zeus Meilichius, see 2, 0, 20, 1. He was especially appealed
and purificatory
cere-
QeoS^KTri^).
40.
;
Kvafx^Tov: nothing
known
of the hero
to in expiatory
us here
monies.
When Xenophon
returned
from the expedition of the ten thousand, he offered burnt offerings to Zeus
Meilichios (Anab.
7, 8,
Cyamites beyond what Pausanias tells (cf. Ps.-Plut. vit. x Or. p. 837 c Hesych. Phot. Lex. s.v. KvafilT-qi) The site of this shrine may be that of a
.
small chapel
f)f
St.
3-5).
The
fes-
wood on
the north
honor was annually celebrated outside Athens on the 23d of Anthesterion (FebruaryMarch) (Thuc. 1, 12(); Schol. Ar. Nub. See Preller-Robert, Or. Myth. 408). Miss Harrison, Prolegomena to I, 130 the Study of Greek Religion, pp. 13 ff. 36. 0co8^KTOv: the tomb of Theodectes is also mentioned, Ps.-Plut. vit. x Or. p. 837 c, according to which the altar had fallen into ruins at the time of the writer. He was a rhetorician, a pupil of Isocrates, who afterwards wrote
tival of the Diasia in his
;
Athenaeus
(13,
p.
595 a,
b, c) tells at
Athenian hetaera Py thonice, and of the two sumptuous tombserected by him to her memory, one at Babylon, the other on tlie Sacred Way to Kleulus for the
sis.
I'lutarch (Pholatter
cion, 22)
tomb
Dicaearchus, quoted
A then.
13,
pp.
184
^'at9
a>?
Kol
aTToOavovar]^
TTOcrjcraL TrdvTOiv
onocra EXXtjo'lv
icTTLV
55
dp^ala
"Ecttl 8e lepop iv
XttoWwvi
8e eTToirjOy]
TO e
dp^rj<;.
XeyovcTLP
7y
vvp
dn
jxeTOLKelv ok
avTov
ttJ?
/cat
60
XaX/ctvo?
6 Se cr(^tcrt /ceXevet
Ovaai irpoiTov
yrj<;
65 TpLijpr) deovcrav.
70
(T(f)d<;
eXOovTa^ e?
enoLyjaavTO \\9r)va2oL.
/cat
jLtera
dpyoiv XlOcov
this
Daphni.
The
site
he-
lieio Ceplialus
phallenia
is
who
him
Byz.
55.
s.v. "Ep/ixoj).
:
Up6v the site of this sanctuary of Apollo is probably occupied by the picturesque mediaeval monastery of Daphni, which stands at the middle
of the pass over Mt. Aegaleus, on the
ed.Vd. Kose).
Strabo
joint expedition of
Cephalus and'Am-
The monaswas probably founded in the thirteenth century by the Burgundian dukes of Athens, and is renowned for
its
and the subsequent settlement of Cephalus in Cephallenia. The legend is probably based merely on the simiphitryo,
larity of the
(!0.
names,
:
A<|)po8(TTis vaos
the remains of
Byzantine mosaics.
57. K^<|>aXov
temple of Aphrodite are to be seen in the pa.ss of Daphni about a mile west
this
185
1
38
Ot Se
fxcou,
eVet to ye vScop
OdXaacrd iari
(T(f)Lcn
TreiOoiTO Se
av
Trj<; yrj<;
XeyouTai he ol 'Peirot
ovtol to dp^alov.,
d\Xov<;
(o^
iyo)
A0r)paiov^
tov^
Kpd/cwv, ei/^a
10 To^*
'
rov-
crdpa XeyovcTL
oo"ot
tov Srjfiov
dvevpelv
probable
TOV '^Kajx^covLScov
eyoi
he
KpoKajvo^; fxev
of a stone dike.
means
It is
the road.
Many
was allowed
first
sea in brooks.
The
precinct
was excavated
cavalry (Thuc.
9.
2, 19).
:
the precinct at
eight feet,
by thirtycomposed of rude mas.ses of stone, as at Tiryns, doubtless "the wall of unwronght stones" mentioned by
lar building, eighty-two feet
Crocon was the legendary ancestor of the priestly family of the Croconids at Alliens. lie is here
Kp<SKwvos
spoken of as hu.sband of a daughter of Celeus, which is inconsi.stent with the tradition that Crocon wa.s son of Triptolemus,
Pausanias.
jotis
Crocon Euviol The daughters ofCelexis Cerijx Zarex The Cephisus at Eleusis
38.
who was
a son
of
Celeus
I,
The
Bhiti
(Paus.
27'.];
1, 14, 2).
Ilarpocr. s.v.
Suid.
s.v. KvpuviSai.
a.
J. Tiipffer,
Attische
Attic
1.
Eleulherae
Genealogie, pp. 101 sqq. 11. tov SVj|xov TOV SKaii^uviSuv Scamboii idae was
:
the principal
deme
Oi
8c 'PiToi:
Its site
has been
much disputed.
<).
by a number of
Ililzig-Rluemner, following K.
ler,
Miil-
it
in the Eleu-
of these springs by
186
Td(f)OV
ov^ oto? re
iyevojjirjv,
to 8e Ev/xoXttov
fxvrJiJLa
Kara Tavra
FtVfJioXTrou
/cat
tovtov tov
dcfyiKeadai Xeyovcriv
Xtoi/179
e/c
rrjv
/cat
e?
joteit^
to yevo^;
icmv
ovSev avTOv
eTrecrt roi^
irenoLrjiJLevov,
eTrovofid^eL
8e
dyyjvopoL
Iv toZ<;
EujuoXttov.
20
'EXev<Tti^tou9 eg to,
aXXa
'
Adrjuaccou Karr]TotP"
rd 8e tepa
^e-
Tldp(f)a)<;
re
Kara ravrd
/cat
'O/xrypo? Aioyepeiap
Happeponrjp kol
ii,
rpiTiqv Xaicrdpap
others
it
TeXevrrjaavTO^ ok
to
in
48.
By
was regarded
as a city-deme, located
Demeter,
our texts
v.
154,
dfiifwvos
Ev/xdXwov, but the epithet mentioned by Pausanias occurs in the following line,
Way
Milchh.
Demen;
posed.
all in
Eumolpus
is
not mentioned at
the legend-
Topogr. 308, 3, and Loeper, A.M. XVII, 376 f.). Judeich puts
city (Lolling,
it
beyond Cydathenaion
west
foot
the
south-
probably had
usual tradition
its
is
basis in fact.
The
of
Mt. Lycabettus.
14.
Topogr. 160.
0p(;iKi]s
See
. .
EvjaoXitov
Xi6vT)s
see
Lye.
c.
3, 15,
4;
was Eumolpus (Thuc. Menex. p. 239 b Isoc. 4, 08; 12, 193; Lye. c. Leocr. 98) and that he was slain by Erechtheus (Apolthe Eleusinians
2,
19
Plat.
and Schol. Eur. Phoen. 854. Others say simply that he was a son of Poseidon (Isoc. 4, 68 12, 193 Ilyg. Fab.
; ;
2;
1,
Eumolpus
:
46),
See
J.
Tiipffer,
alogie,
irov
:
pp. 24 sqq.
Attische Gene19.
tov
E{!|i,oX-
25.
to
"OjiT^pos
our text
the
hymn
Demeter mentions
ELEUSIS
Cb.
38,
187
EtiftdXTTov
Kijpv^
ve(iyrepo<;
KeKpoiro^;
'AyXavpov
ov ttjp
/cat
'Kpfxov iralSa
dXV
ovk Ev/xoXttov.
dff}*
(f)vXr}v 6vofxd(,ovcn, 4
A-rrokXcout. p.ov-
aiKrjv
(f)a(TLVj
ZdpaKa
iu
Tjj
el
AaKcovLKrj ttoXlu
35
^(optos AOrjvaLOLS
yjpco^,
pet Se 5
pov pevfxaTovTO)
UXovTOiva ore
7Tpo<;
rw
KrjfjiLaa) Xrjo'Trju
HoXvmjixova
the sea a
ovofxa, TlpoKpovo'Tiqv
and flows into
tlie
t ipdecraa
^ev
KaWiffdi]
dirdLffewv (vv.
TU)v irpo-fevearaTt]
bed of the
106 sqq.).
Various expla-
is
filled
overflows
plain.
Dem.
speaks of
errone-
vertence said
ment
possibly Orpheus or
K^pv|: other traditions are to the effect that Ceryx was by Hermes a son of Ilerse (C.T.G. 0280) or Pan27.
37.
Theaet.
the sick
p.
drosus (Pollux,
8,
II.
the port of
See
J.
pp. 80-92.
30. 'IiriroOowvTOs T|p2ov: cf. 1, 5, 2
1,
;
His shrine is mentioned by 39, 3. Hesychius (s.v. 'Iirirodouivreiov) and by Steph. Byz. (s.v. Zdpri^), who here copies
on the road to Athens, a distance of 30. XTjo-n^v IIoabout fourteen mile.s. Ovid Xv-n-^liova 5vo|ia, npoKpovo-rqv (Met. 7, 438) also names the Cephisus as the dwelling-place of Procrustes, but
(4,
Pausanias.
Kt)^io-os irpos 'EXw<rtvi
:
30.
the
his.
Procrustes
given
by
Apollodorus
'EXeucrti'tot? Se ecrrt
/cat
ii.kv 6
11 o-
^opw
e<?
^edi'.
rd 8e
TreStoi^
45 /cat
)(^prj(r0aC
/cat
crrrjKep.
(Epitoma Vat.,
54 sq.).
Wagner,
pp.
architects.
anti(iuity
in
among
nowknown
of temple architecture.
The
site of the
sand inhabitants, is situated neai' the south west corner of the Tliriasian plain, at the east end of a low rocky hill a
mile long, wliich runs parallel to the
seashore at a distance of a few hun-
altogether uncertain.
is,
dred yards.
The
ridge of
tlie hill
was
Propylaea.
a cella witli
colt
town lay on the level ground at its foot. The remains of the sanctuary of Demeter are at the eastern foot of the hill. Here the rock has been leveled to form an artificial terrace, on which the group of buildings which composed the sanctuary was placed. The site has been completely excavated by the Greek
the acropolis of Eleusis; the
two
porticoes, having
42.
:
two Doric
<f>ptap
mentioned
(vv.
in the
Homeric
It
hymn
to
Demeter
270 sqq.).
was discovered in 1892 just south of the Great I'ropylaea. Solemn oaths were sworn by women beside the well (see
Alciphr. 'Pdpiov:
3,
G9).
44.
to 8t ircSiov to
to
see
Homeric hynm
De-
450 sqq.) concerning the Rharian plain, which lay waste and leafless while Persephone was under
(vv.
meter
The
old temple
fertile
built or at
begun under Pericles, and Strabo p. 395) and Vitruvius (7, praef. 10)
Ictinus as the architect.
name
Plu-
from Rharus, father or who had received Demeter hosi)itably on her wanderings in search of Persephone.
the plain
is
grandfather of Triptolemus,
work
to other
FXEUTHERAE
Ch.
38, 9
189
7
SeLKvvraL
60 rat,
Si^Xa hrjirov
d(f)'
jxrjSe
irvdeadai ixerelvai
'EXevcrlua
8e rjpoia,
eTvaL Koi
ov
valSa
Se eVrt
TreiroLTjixeua
iiroiv
A0r]vaLOL<;
r)
FlXarati?.
irporepov jxep
yap
'EXev0epevcTLi> opoL
^
7rpo<^ TTjp
'Attlkt^u rjcrav
Trpocr^copr^crdvTOiv Se
A.6rjvaioL<;
TOVTcov,
ovT(o<; yjSrj
irpoaettoXl-
60 -^(opiqaau Se 'EXeu^e/aet?
dXXd
AOrjvaLoju
i^aos
/cat
Kar' e)(^o? to
/cat
tw
TreStoj
eVrt Atoi^ucrov,
to
iKOfXLcrdr]
to dp)(^alop
to Se ip
iTo)
i(f>'
rjjxwp
is
[JLLfxyjcnp
iKcipov TrenoLiqTaL.
/cat Trap'
avTo
'.)
tA
8 vt6s
Mt. Cithaeron.
The
ruins of Elouthetlie
shown, surrounded the sacred precinct. 50. 'EXcvo-iva Si tjpwa another form of the name is P21eusinus (Ilarpocr. and Suid. s.v.'EXeuo-tna). According to one
finest
extantspecimens of Greek
fortification,
Both Strabo
sanias (here,
(0,
and
I'au-
and
represent
king
who
received Demeter
when she
came
ter,
in Boeotia.
but in the
lens
who
received Demeter.
HymntoDem.
57.
of Dionysus and to been founded and named by him (Diod. 0, 06, 1; 4, 2, 6). Here
the
have
war
of the
Seven against
;
Eleutherae, which
at the
same time
Plut.
Thes. 20).
see
1,
62.
and
vads
note.
Aiovvwov
The
20, 3
190
vSaTos
OTTt)
Trrjyr) xjjv^^^pov
cJs
'Avri-
Trj<; tttj-
y^? TOP TTOt/xeVa evpovTa tov<; TratSa? ivTavda (T(f)a<5 Xovcrat TTpMTov diToXvcravTa tcju aTrapydvcov. 'KkevOepwv 8e '^i> fxeu
70 ert
Tov ret^ov?,
i^i^
SyjXrj
Se rovrot? ecrrt
TToXt?
39
'Erepa Se 68o?
e'p^o/xeVoi?
iiroLrjcre
TT^t*
'EXevcrti^o? 77/309
(fypeap
Meyapa
" KvOiov
ayet
TavT'r]v
680V
ecTiv
KaXovfxevop.
AijjjLrjTpa
tm
(fypeaTU
KaOrjaOai
ivTevOev Se
avTr)p are
yvvaiKa 'Apyeiau
tov TTaiSos
vtto tcov
MeTapeLpav
ovtcj
TTjv dvaTpo(f)rji>.
e'crrt
TOV
66.
(f)peaTO<?
iriiYTJ
:
lepov Meraz^etpa9
/cat
twv
Eleutherae
southward one third of the way from Eleusis formed the boundary between Attica and the territory of Megara
(Strabo, 9, p. 305; Diod. 13, 65
;
which the twin babes Amphion and Zethus were washed by the shepherd who had found them in the neighboring cave. For the legend of Antiope,
see Pans. 2, 6, 1-4
;
Plut.
Them.
1).
:
2.
4>p^ap
"AvOiov Ka-
Xovfxcvov
this is
now
Well
Apollod.
3, 5,
15, p. 261.
Eleusis to Megara
thius
Sanctuary Metanira of Graves of those slain before Thebes MythAlope and Cercyon Theseus
from
(Horn.
side
Hymn
Dem.
Tfie spring
A n-
which the goddess sat, sad at heart, underneath an olive-tree. The stone on which Demeter sat was known as
ayiXatTTos irerpa (Schol. Ar. Eq. 785;
ical history of
1.
Megara.
distance from
Apollod.
1, 5,
Hesych.
s.v.).
Pau-
'Ercpa
8e 686s: the
Eleusis to
is
Megara by road or railway about fourteen miles. After passing along the low ridge which terminated
in the acropolis of Eleusis, the road
Callichorum in the
ters
8.
city, as
some
wri-
way.
From two pointed summits of Mt. Cithaeron known as Mt. Cerata, or "the
horns," a chain
of
hills
advancing
161 and 206 Noun. 19, 82 Apollod. 1, 5, 1. Ta<J>oi. Twv Is 0^Pas the common soldiers of the Argive army under the Seven
Dem.
ROAD TO MEGARA
Ch.
39,
191
3
.
9 Br^'/Sa? {aTaXepTOjp)
10
Bi^ySats AaoSa/Lta^'ra
*ASpd(TTOV
T]cra
kol
p,dr^rj^
Kdiqvaioiv yevop,pr]<;
rrj
p-d^rj
Kopiaa^
e?
^rj ft aloe 8e
p,d^r]p ov
(paat.
perd
Td(f)ov<s 3
TeKOvaap 'Unrodoiopra eV
IlocretSoii-
dXXa dhiKO^
e'?
ov ftovXopepoL<?
/cat
ejLie
e'/caXetro
rd^ov
ttj^ 'AXottt;?
aTre^MP.
Xeyerat Se 6 KepKvayp
KaTaardpTas
is irdXiqp
cro-
Sta^^etpat
(/>ta
KaTeTrdXaiaep avTOP
TO nXeop
TraXaicrTLKrjp
vcTTepop
yap an
eKetPOV StSacr/caXta
irpore-
pop Se e^pfiiPTo
jLteye^et
popop
/cat pdipxj
'
rr^p ip,r}p
A0r]paLOL<;
ypwpipunaTa
(xtto
rwi/ ttoX-
Xq>i/ e'^
Xoyo?
/xot
ra
e'?
(Tvyypa(f)r]p dpyJKOPTa.
'A\6irri).
Plut. Thes.
Eleusis
Thes. 29).
Euripides
Hippothoon gave his name an Attic tribe (1, 5, 2 1, 38, 4). Poseidon turned Alope at her death into a spring named for her (Hyg. I.e.),
to
;
s.v.
arms
to give
for
tvpt iio-tvs
burial,
but riutarch
follows the
it
was by persuasion.
'AXomis nvrina see Hyg. Fab. 187 for the story of Alope and Hippothoon. It was the theme of one of
17.
:
but
sens
Nem.
5, 89).
27.
Too-avra
dvVJKovra: at this
Euripides's
tragedies
(Harpocr.
s.v.
192
30
'EA.vcrt^'t
Se ^817
<t7>
KaXovfJievr]
Meya/ai?
ttJs
'
dp^alou,
Hvka
tov ySacrtXea;?
/caraXtTTOt'Tos UapoCovL.
vo<;
fxapTvpta Se
iv
TTj yrj
/cat
yevov^
35
7rapa)((i)p'ij(Ta<;
CLXP''
KoX
Trj<i
Ntcrata re en
KoSpov
8e
eV
'Adrjva^ YleXoirovpT]-
Koi
'
o)?
Meyapa
40 xoiv Toi^
Kapo? tov
iv
Trj
yfj
TavTT] ^a(TiXevovTO<^
^y]lxr)Tpo<i avTot?,
Meyapa.
Botturot
ovtoj
45 ixkv
avTOL
TTept
(r(f)wu
Meyapet? Xiyovcri
ITocretSwi^o?
7rpo<?
8e
eV
'Oy^T7crT&)
Meyapea
toi^
oiKovvTa dcfuKeadat
(TTpaTLa
JioLCt)T(x)u
(f)aaL
Ntcrw tou
MtVw
TroXep.ov avv-
and there follows up to the close of the book the description of Megara (ij MeyapiKT] (TvyypacpT^., 2, 19,
ij
<Tvyypa(pr]
rj
32.
3;
1,
Td<{>os
IlavSiovos
see
.
Meyapis, 9, 19,
2).
41, G.
.30.
KoSpov
tir'
f),
pa-
42, 2.
o-iXevovTOS
o-TpaT-uov<riv
:
'AOrjvas
IleXoirovvTio-ioi
Hdt.
70,
and Stra-
gareus
in dispute.
Megarian king Pylas left the land to the Athenian Pandion merely indicates that
Megara was
Strabo
(9, p.
MPXiARA
Ch.
40, 1
193
Kol
Trj rrdXet
Meyapa
50 Ntcrct KaXovixevr).
veo)^
yevea Xeyovcnv ol
Meyapel^ AeXeya
KXiycrwt'os 8e tov
i^
ya? eVt
(T0aL
T179 dp)(rj<;
avrov-
AeXeyo? yfIlai^Stoi^o?
IlvXai^,
TOV
IlvXa 8e '^Kipoiva
koI vcTTepop
Trj<;
tovtov crvvoLKrjcraL
roJ
55 ^a^'Sto^'09
OvyaTpi,
NiVw
e?
dfX(f)Lcr^T]Trf(TLv
iXdelu irepl
a(f>L(TLV
0.710-
AlaKov
StKacrat, /3ao"tXetav
/xei/
Meyapea
'](f)Li'6rj
8e
8ta8e-
00
^aaSai
/Aoi'
ttjv
tov Ntcrou
7rt
Kal
TT^i^
ou/c
IdeXovaiv ei8eVat.
8e
eV
40
^Ecrrt
r^
TrdXet
lie
Kprjvr]
rjv
cri^icriv
^Koh6ix7](Te
1,
was
them
(see
35,
2,
note;
Harpocr.
s.v. I.Klpov).
The
was a son
:
of Onchestus.
i^
A(Xc-ya d({>iK6|icvov
cf. 1,
Al^virrow
Pao-iXf vo-ai
speaks of
Megarians admitted that he was slain by Theseus, not however when he was robber-hunting, but when he wrested Eleusis from the Megarians (Plut. I.e.;
Pans.
40.
1,
7,
"the Lelegian shores " of Megaiis(Met. 443 8, 0). A colony of Leleges from
;
30, 4).
SjyruKj of Theagcnes
Megara, led by Tylus son of Cleson, was said to have founded Pylus in Messenia(4,30, 1). 54. SKipwva: the Athe-
dian
Ni/))i])lts
Twelve Gods
of Zeus
and robber
by Theseus (1, 3, 1 Megarian writers, on the 1, 44, 8). contrary, assert that he was an excellent man, the friend of the good and the foe of the bad (Plut. Thes. 10). He made the highroad from Megara to the Isthmus of Corinth (1, 44, (i). The Athenians distinguished between Sciron the robber and Scirus an early settler of Salamis, but the Megarians
slain
;
T'ji
Antiquities on the
Caria.
iroXci Kp'f]vr\
:
"EcTTi if Iv
the
modern town of Megara occupies the site and preserves the name of the ancient city.
It is
on the slopes of a
hill
one
lialf
The
plain
about Megara
194
iireixvijcrOrji'
dvyarepa av-
KaXovjxeuov ^lOi^lScop
vvix(f)(x)i>.
ra? 8e ^i6viha<s
Xe-
TavTr}^
Aev/caX.twt'os ttotc
e)(^op-
10 inofx/BpLap,
TO'?
TTCt)
eK<^vyeiv he Trpo?
ro,
Tov opov<; TO
opofjia TovTo,
dWa ^'^7^ec^^at
ttjs
Top.ev(j)V
avTov
yap
ne-
Sta
ov
2
8e KpT]pr]<;
TavTr]^
dp)^al6p ecTTiv
lepov,
eiKoves
8e
e'<^'
-qjxcoi'
koll
ayaXfxa [re]
/cetrat
rian
his
history of
left off.
ler,
IV, 388.)
Mt.
Gerania
is
the
The an-
range of mountains traversing Megaris from sea 'to sea, and forming a
natural
boundary
is
between
Central
higli-
The
of
its
private
its
houses and
the
summit
is
massive style of
(Isocr.
. .
.
public buildings
de Pace,
. . .
117).
The
which
2.
:
ea-yt'vris
0vYaTpo
5.
KvXwvi
.
see
1, 28,
1.
v8o>p
SiOviScov
vv|x(f>uv
furnishing a copious
southern coast.
14. cIkovcs
:
supply of water,
the
may be
the water of
many of the
inscriptions
Sithnidian nymphs.
(Baedeker,
Greece^, p. 153.)
aKpa ttjs
Fcpavias
of the
probably
origi-
was
especially
popular.
See
MEGARA
Ch.40, 4
105
(jyacrl
^akKow
8e dv^pa<;
Meyapiha dnoypojixrj
Trj<;
^mpelv 9
*
Ory'/8a? onicra)
he
ApTCfjiLOo^
oSov
Tret-
20
(T<f)d<;
ajxapropTas
t^9 ^wpa?
pcofxepovf; oe et crr/actrev/xa
eyyv?
eirj
TTokifxiop dipupai
tmp
^ekoiPy
/cat
Ty)P 7rXr]aiop
nerpap
dphpa^ TToXe^tou?
Kal ot Meyapet?
iTrrjecraPy p.a^6fxepoi
he
(fyoperj-
ovaip avT(op
eTTOLTJcraPTO
fjiP(t)P
tov<;
ttoXXov?
ApTe)at8o9.
ecr-Tip
ipTavda
8w8e/ca opofiai^o-
dewp
30
Xov9 TTyi' 8e " ApreyiLP avrrjp ^rpoyyvXicop eVotT^cre. Mera ravra e? to roO Ato9 Tixepo<; ecreXdovcn KaXovfxepop
'OXujLtTrtcioi' p'ao9
npos
A0r]paiov<;, ep
(o
/cat
cTTpaTO)
believe in
(.see 1,
archaeologists
who
Mc-yapCSa
44, 4).
this
took
Herodotus (0, 14) tells how Mardonius advanced against Megara and his army ravaged the Megarian territory. Theognis (v. 775) attributed to Apollo the deliverance of the city.
(1,
elder Praxiteles.
zer (note
I.e.)
27.
SwTcCpas
a-yoXfjia: this
image was
by Strongylion ( 3), and a replica of it was at Pagae (1, 44, 4). Coins of the two cities give an identical type of Artemis, which may therefore be that of this statue. See Imhoof-Blumerand Gardner, Numism. Comm. on Pans.
pp. 4, 8 sq., with pi. A,
i.
and baseless assumption. I'ausanias mentions other statues by Praxiteles at Megara (1, 43, 5 and 1, 44, 2). If there were two sculptors of this name and works of both were here,
;
why did not Pausanias distinguish between them as between the elder and the younger Polyclitus (<i. (5, 2)?
this pre31. 4s to tov Aios t^H***' cinctwassituated in the saddle between
:
30.
npa|i-
the
two
hills,
196
35 (f)6eLpoi'Te<;
tup:
attica of pausanias
Cli.4<), 5
'
Meyapevatu
TO)
')(pv(rov,
rd 8e Xotrra
yv^ov
Trot^crat 8e
vnep 8e T179 Ke(f)a\rj^ tov Ato? etcrtt' ^eihlav Molpaf Srjka Se Tratrt ri^v Heirpojixevrji' ixouo) ol
.
'flpat kol
TreiOeadai
KoX ra?
copa<;
ouKjOe 8e
45
Ato9.
eV 8e
efi^o-
\ov
)(7](ravTe<i
ojxoXoyovcn 8e
/cat
'AOrjvaloL
vaTepov
50 (TTTJvaL
(fiacTLu
(r(f)d<;,
/cara-
8 8e
eVt TovTOi<^
iroXep^o)
Xeyovcrt,
KpaTiq-
cravTe<;
^aXajxiva
avdi^
e^eiv.
Meyapets 8e
Aopv/cXetov?
Zeus at Olympia,
left
napd
a<f)(t)u
Xeyovcriv dvSpa<?
Here many
(f)vydoa<;,
ovg
See C.I.G.G.S.
eagle or a Victory
35.
<|>eei-
Thuc.
2,
31;
Plut. Pericles,
:
37.
withpl. A,
iii.
T$
$ d-yaXjiari
0, 7,
as to Theo-
ZoXwva:
this
is
an allusion
to
10, 9, 8.
The
remark about the collaboration of Phidias was probably due to the similarity of this statue with the gold and ivory Zeus at Olympia, on which it was closely modeled. The passage is of interest as throwing some light on the process of making a gold and ivory statue. See A. S. Murray, History of Greek Sculpture, II, 117. On coins of Megara Zeus is represented as sitting
mad-
rushed into the market-place and recited his verses. The people were
stirred,
once more fought with Megara, See Plut. and conquered Salamis.
Solon, 8;
1, 2,
Dem.
40 sq.
MEGARA
Ch.41,
1
197
Kkrjpov-
'A^r^i^atot?.
i<;
Tefxevoi;
ttju
aKpoirokiv avekOovai
/cat
<J
Kapo? rou
<t>op(oi'o)<^
e? i^/xa? ert
Ka-
ireTToi-qTai 8e \\(f)pooL-
*K7n(rTpo(f)La<; lepou
tov he
'Acr/cXr^TTtou
eTToiiqcrev.
ttoltJ-
TO ayaXfxa
Bpvaft?
avro
/cat
ttji^
TyeCau
iuTavda
crat Se
to Kakovp,evov
eXeyov.
r^
Meyapov
avro /3a(TCkevoi>Ta
Se
Trj<;
Kapa
41
'E/c
d/cpoTToXew?
. .
/cartovcrti',
Trpo?
apKTov rerpaTrrat
at
KapCav
similar
Steph. Uyz.
s.v. Kapi'a
makes a
:
the
Mausoleum
II.
Ilalicarnassus
(Pliny, N.
30, 30 sq.).
1,
Columella
57.
NwKTtXtov
see Verg.
(de re rustica,
praef.
31) mentions
Aen.
4,
4, 15.
In the
him as one of the great masters of sculpture, along with Lysippus, Praxiteles,
and resurrection of the god .seems to have been set forth. Licentious orgies under the cloak of these rites were put down by the Romans. See Servius on Virgil I.e.
tery of the death
and
Polyclitus.
considerable
numby
known
to us
name.
ler, I,
d. gr. Kiinst-
'A<|>poS(TT]$
*E-iri(rTpo<}>as
I,
Preller-
308, interprets
(from
iiriffrp^cpav, to
turn
who
turns
man
to love."
The conwas
An Asclepius by Brymentioned also by Pliny (X. II. 34, 73). Both Asclepius and Hygieia, separately and jointly, appear on coins of Megara, and the types were probably modeled after these statues of Bryaxis. See Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, Numism. Comm. on Pans. pi. A,
axis
is
Apostropliian Aplirodite
vi,
(>0.
vii;
Wroth, Jour.
TTjs
Hell.
Stud. V,
KaXovjjit-
Megara
(1,
43, ()).
58.
1,
()1.
AV)(i,T)Tpos
TO
Nwkt6s:
brings this
close
connection with
recalls
Nyctelius,
de
dans
rival
I'anticjuit^,
II,
256.
00.
image of Demeter, see Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, pi. A, xii. Rhus 41. Monuuient of Akmena Tomb of llyUus Templis of Isis. Alcathous of Apollo, and of Artemis Ihroum and the Lion of Cithaeron
of I'andion
Hippohjte
Tereus,
temporary and
He
198
TO ^(opiov,
TTLeiov.
jxpyjixd
icxTiv
AXKfiy]uy)<?
irX-qcriov
tov 'OXv/x-
y8a8l^ov(Ta^'
yap
e? i^ySa?
toI<;
e^ ''Apyov<; TeXevrrjcraL
/cat TOv<i
Meyctpot?,
'Hpa-
/cXetSas e?
dfJt.(f}L(T/3r)Ty]cni'
^Apyo? iOeXovMeyctpa?
ra?
OTTLcroi
9 T^ySa?
yap
e/c
>r)^aL<;.
6 Se eV AeX<^ot9
^eo? e^prjcre
10 eti^at
(T(f)L(rLV.
ddxjjaL
KXKprjvrjv ev rot?
Meyapotg apeivov
riplv
^y]yy)Ty]<^ 2
IvTevSev 6
tmv
iTTi^oypioiv
rjyeiTO
e?
^oiplov
e/c
Vovv
to?
(f)a(TKeu
ovopat^opevov, TavTy
ttjv ttoXlv pvrjvai
r/oei/za? ySoj-
ivTavda 'A^eX&Jw
Kat
TXXov
TrXxjcriov
tov
15
'E^j^ejaw
rw 'Aepo-
Kat
6(ttl<? p,kv
Tot-s
Meyctpot?.
e'<?
cwttj
KaXovro dv
6pda)<^
crr/oareta t(op
'H/^a/cXet8aJ^'
*
2.
iJivTJiia
A\k|ji^vtis
the story
sanias
river
(1,
41, 7).
18,
14. 'AxtXu'o)
the
god Achelous was worsliiped also at Oropus. Ephorus, quoted by Macrobias, Saturn.
5,
sq(j.,
says that
According
(fr.
to
Pherecydes
in
An-
Achelous
sliiped
is
ton. Lib. 33
Thebes,
by
all
is
Achelous
used
designate water.
Dodona
(Schol.
Boeotia
(cf.
9,
32, 5;
5, p.
de genio Socr.
11.
578a).
sxwpCov'Povv:cf. Plut.Thes.27,
ens
(Plato,
cf.
Phaedrus,
1,
p.
230
b).
8,
5,
"YWov:
1,
44,
10,
and see
thewayfromtheagoratotheplacecalled
The grave
Amazons here
Echemus, not of Orestes. So Herodotus (9, 26) represents Echemus, the conqueror of
MEGARA
Ch.41,5
199
3
20
Tov 'AttoXXcoi/o?
c'cTTt
KoX 'Apxe'/xtSo?
AXkolOovv he
(fyaat
irotrjaaL diroKTeCvaura
VTTO
p(t)<;
tov
(T(f)eTpov ySao'tXew?
25
dapeip VTTO
KovpoL<;
a>9
Sr)a(t)<;,
Meyapea
e^ei
/cat
hidho^op
Trj<;
XeopTa
diroKTeipat
30
hid ravra
A\KdOovp top
rieXoTro?
eTn^eiprj-
craPTa
rw
to lepop
^
TTOLrjcrai
tovto,
'A7^oXX&J^'a
Aypalop
enopoixdcraPTa.
eyo) he
ovtco
yepeaOai Xeyovaiv
ypd^eip
jxep edeXoi
crcfiicnp,
dXXa dirodapeZp
fxep
XeopTa
'
fxaXKOP iralha tls p.ep e? " A<^i.hpap eXOelp fxeTa T(op Atocr/covpcjp eypaxjje;
VTTO
d(j)iK6fJiepo<;
dpacpeOyjpaL pofxi^OLTO
rou? Atayctyotev
;
0(TKovpov<;,
T7)p
Hi^creajg
avTOP dnelpat
TIlp- 5
erroLrjae /cat
ya/x^pop rot?
ocrrt? 8e e'yccrut'otSei^
t'eaXoyi^cre,
Ilyllus, as
w?
ttoXXt^p
rot?
Meyapevcrt
king of Tegea.
I
According
to Diod. 4, 58.
nias,
mus, not Echenius Hyllus. 28. TovKiOaipwviovX^ovTa: thescholiasl to ApoU. Hhod. 1, 517 supplements Pausanias's version of the story of Alcathous and the lion of Cithaeron.
33.
Megarian tradition as given by TausaTiinalcus was a contemporary both of Theseus, who slew him, and
of Alcathous,
Thi.s,
who married
liis sister,
Pau.sanias argues,
since
sens
great-grandson,
of
Pelops
Mc-yapcvo-iv
according to the
200
45 evTJOeiav, el
ye %r)crev^
ol
rjv
airoyovo^ DeXoTJ-o?
ovra \6yov
Meyapei? etSore?
eTnKpvTTTovcrLv, ov ^ovXojxepoL
T179
im
r^? dp^rj<^
Meyapea
(j)aiveTai he rekevrrjcravTO^ 6
Ntcrou
^
/cat
TOiv
TrpaypidTOiv
TO
yap ret^o?
(^KoSojjirjcrep
i^
dp-^rj<;
tov
TTepif^okov tov
dp^aiov KadaipeBevTO^
'AypoTepa<; 'Apre^atSo?
/cat
ATr6XX(i)PO<; eTTotrjaev
'Aypaiov,
e'9
ToaopSe eaTOi
p.prifxrj
e'/c
/cartovcrt
/cat
/xei' eTacfir]
llapSicop ep Aldvia<;
TTeXcp, heSijXcoKep
6 X6yo<;
e^et.
T^Srj fxoL
rt^a? Se
/cat
ip
Tjj iroXei
60
vapd Meyapecop
jxprjfjia
iTnroXvTr]'?
e'?
Meyapet?
St'
'
Xeyovcrip.
oTe
Ap.at,6peq
eV
'
AdrjpaLOV^ (TTpaTevcracrai
/xe^'
ApTL6TTr]p eVpa-
TTjOiqcrap vtto
G5 avTOiP
Hi^crew?, to.?
58.
AlOvias 'ABiivds:
s.v.
^i*
cf.
1,
5,
3.
61.
|jivfi)ia
'IiriroX.vTTis
the
tomb
Hesych.
3'
Atdvia
says
that
seems
p.
to
Athena was worshiped by the Megarians under the title Ar^uta," diver-bird,"
because, transforming herself
diver
into a
boid (Plut. Thes. 27), but Bursian, 376a, 1, would here translate po/x-
^oetSis kreiselformig.
The Amazonian
art.
and hiding Cecrops under her wings, she had carried him to Megara. Lycophron (Alexandra, v. 359) refers to Athena under this title. The bluff of Athena Aithuia is perhaps the spit
of land
shield
sliape
is
represented as a crescent in
on some worlds of
See BauIt
meister,
Denkm.
now
(Baum
oval.
seller's
op.cit. p. 59),or as
p.
an unbroken Ro2038
;
Lexikon,
I,
272.
MEGARA
Ch.42, 1-
201
Meyapa, are
(TKvpav
70 crat
tw
crr/aarw rot? re
T19V e/xt-
r^? otKaSe e?
fxaXXov
Kal
^ai//at
tovtov Se laTiv
ov TToppo)
ovo^.
/3et<?,
T(i<f)0'^
Tr]po)<;
ifiaaiXevcre Se 6
TTepX
Xiyovaiv
ol
Meya-
t>J?
Meya/DtSo?, w? Se
75 e'yoj re
Trj<^
Sokw
e'9
vnep Xatpcot'eta?
TO.
TrdXat
yap
rdSe XetTrerat, AavXtSo? '^PX^ T17? i^w KaXovp.4vrj<^ 'EXXaeVet Se t^v Kat Trfpei rd
So? ^dpfiapoi
TToXXd
(^Krjcrau.
rd
Trepl
yvvaiKUiv
eXeiv
cr(f)d<;
6 jxev 9
80 eVeXevTi7cre^' eV rot?
TLKa exoicrav
/cat
iv
rrj
Bvcria
/xei^
*Adyjva^
enadov
/cat
tt)!^
oaKpvwv
42
Meyapevcnv
09
e'?
Meyapew?
fxvrjfxa,
(T<f>L(TLv
iTTtaTpaTeiav tcov
Set/c^'^r^at
Se' <j(f)Lcnv
KprjTcov ^vpLfxaxo^
5
rjXOev i^ 'Oy^T^trrov.
dvcrai
Se
/cat
72.
Td<|>os Tt)p((os
on the story of
1,
its
antiquities
Image of Mem non Council House The temple of Athena Temple and images of Apollo Nature of ebony End of the sons of Alcathous IJeroum
oj I no.
202
rrjq 8e ecrrta?
iyyvs TavTrjs
ecrrt \ido<;,
2
TO ret^o? avvepyat,6ix.vov.
10
w?
(TvvTe\ovv 9
Adrjvoiiovf; Meya/aet?-
(^aiverai
yap
ttju 9vroi'
yarepa 'AX/cct^ov?
7re/xi|/at
/caret
Sacr/xoi^ e? KpTJrrjv.
KiBdpav Kare\\)y)^ZhL,
tov \i6ov
re
rjv
Kara
8e
yLtct-
TavTOL
ovt6<;
rj^-qcre
/cat
Kiddpa KpovcrdeicTa.
e'/xot
Xtora Aiyvvrrtcov 6
/coXocrcro?.
ei^
'AiroXXwva: see
tlie
1,
41, C,
on the
down by an
building of
walls of
(vv.
Megara by
773 sq.) repPs.-
Alcathous.
Theognis
mained
in its chair
by the joint labor of Alcathous and Apollo and tells how one of the
is
stones,
sical
when
muOvid
due to
18. irpos
(Met.
Meand
the Greeks
gave the
name
of avpiyyes or
"pipes"
is
down
upon them
which
hewn
in the
range of lime-
to
the
west of Thebes.
what
Memwhich
non was a
p. 81G),
Aelian (Nat.
The temple
still
is
Anim.
(22,
6, 43),
remain.
Strabo
Each
15,
30),
high.
(17. p. 210)
Ilistoire
200 sqq.
MEGARA
Ch.
42,
203
Me)u,i/ova
ert
KaOrjfJieuov
ayakyia r^^ovv
6vo\xdt^ovaiv ol
20
TToWoi, rovTOV
yap
(f>a(TiP
yap ov Mejxpopa
ol
('')t]-
^aloL XeyovcTL,
(i>afxevo)(f)a
Se
eti^at tC)v
iy^copliov ov tovto to
(fyafxevajv elvat
dyaXfxa
rjv,
rjKovaa he
rjSr)
/cat
XiaoidTpLv
/cat
8te/coi|/e-
pvv onocrov Ik
KL6dpa<i
rj
Xvpa<; payeicnr)';
XopSrj<;.
MeyapevcTL Se
30 TTore
(o<;
p.ev
/BovXevTT] pLOP ,
TtfxdXKOv 8e
'^v 4
Icjyrjv
Trj<;
dyaXp,a 8e
icTTLP
inixpycrov
ttXtju
X^i-pcov /cat
iX(f)avTO<;.
dKpcjv TTOocou
/cat
TavTa 8e Kat to
TrpocroiTTOv Icttlv
erepov iuTavOa
dXXo AlavTtSo^
Ta 8e e? avro Meya-
p(ov p.kv TrapeLTai rot? i^7]yr]Tal^^ iyo) 8e OTTOta vofiil^a) yevicrOaL ypdifjoj.
(TVPioKrjcrev
AtavTa ovv
ttjv
fxevov TTOLrj(TaL to
40
dyaXjxa y^yovjxai
^A0r)ud<;.
Tou 8e
pov 8e
hr)
dp^aio?
va6<;
vcrre- 5
XiOov XevKov.
6 pep
riv^to? KaXovpepo<;
eot/cacrt
:
paXicTTa
40. ir\iv0ov as to the use of the unburnt brick in ancient Greek archi-
on
5, 16, 1.
An
between 242
at
and 223
b.c.
speaks
Hadrian was a la\ ish patron (ef. 1,44, (i) and in return the Megarians named a tribe after him (C.I.G.G.S. 72, 74, 101) and erected many statues in his honor (note on
:
Megara
1,40,2).
IlvOtos
Kal 6 Af
Megara.
Here was
(1,
also
another
ioLKOtri
sanctuary of Apollo
44, 2).
41.
|odvois
this passage
204
av6poiTTwv
e(f)r}
(fivetv
ravra? 8e
ot
tt)!^
opvaaeiv
50
tov<;
At^toTra?
/cat
ai^Spa? eivai
8e
(rf^ttriv
e^evov
^
icracriv evpicrKetv.
ecm
/cat ATJfir^Tpo';
lepou He-
(Tp.o(j)6pov.
ixvijixd
ianv
AXkolOov TratSd?.
/cat
TT^v
aKpoTToXiv
ipcKaev
TiqviKavTa Se
TraTijp
ol
tm
'
AttoXXojpl
diroppLTTTeL to.
^vXa
a,7ro
tov
/Sojixov
'AX/ca^ov?
Se dpy]Koo<;
wv
Tl
Trjq
ov
60
7TOLLV ocTta
TOV KaXXt77oXt^'
e'<?
ev6eo)<;
cog
et^et* opyrj';
dueKTeLpe TratVa?
jScofjiov ^vX(x).
7171^ Ke(f)aXrji^
tmu
dTroppL(f)vT(ov oltto
tov
Kara
Trept
Se ttju
e'9
to TrpvTaveiov ooop
'li^oC?
Icttiv r^pfoov, 7
Se
Tre^v/cacrt
Se
eV avTW
Kat
eXatat.
05
elcriv 'EXXi^jvcof
i<;
veKpov
'\pov<i
to.
napadaXdcrcnd
eK-rreaeZv
/cat ddxjjat
indirectly,
on
on very
insufficient grounds, to
modeled,
directly
or
Egyptian statues.
See Collignon,
I,
Ilis-
SeeOverbeck, 37 sq.; A. S. Murray, History of Greek Sculpture^, This dependence, however, I, 70 sq. has been maintained on other grounds
art on the art of Egypt.
llTsq.
Gesch.
d. gr. Tlastik'*, I,
40.
({>v\XaoxiK
4>t] 4>vei,v:
by some
writers.
absurd belief was not shared by Theophrastus (Hist. Plant. 4, 4, 6) or Pliny (N. H. 12, 17 sqq.). Cf. Pans,
2, 19,
male figures known as the Apollos of Orchomenos, Tenea, etc., are believed by these authorities to have been
4, 32,
7, 5, 5.
:
04.
7 sq.
;
tov vsKpov
4, 34, 7.
ttjs 'IvoCs
cf.
1,
44,
MEGARA
Cb.
43, 2
205
Kai Aeuavrrjv
Trpuyroi'i
(f>acrLu
/cat 'l^tyfi^eta?
r^pwop
aTTO^ai'eri'
yap
<?
Tavriqp ip Meyapot?.
*l(f)LyPLap
Xoyop
vtto
'
'HcrtoSoi'
TToiTjcraPTa ip
5 ypcofXT)
/caraXoyw yvpauKwp
'E/cctrryi'
ovk oiTroOapeip,
Se 'ApreJLttSo?
eti^at
rovrot? Se 'HyadSoro?
ojLtoXoyoui'Ta eypai/ze
Tavpous rov?
irapdepop 'l^t-
e^et Se
(^acrt
Se diroOapeZp
OTTLcro)
ot
AtytaXew? yepdadai
reXevTijp.
'A/Dre/>ttSo9 Upop 6 AyafxepLPCop iwoLrjaep, rjPLKa rjXOe Kdk^aPTa OLKOvPTa ip Meyctpot? e's iXtoj' eVecr^at TTeiaajp. ip Se rw TrpxrrapeLcp T0d(f)0aL pep F^vLinrop Meyapew? TratSa,
/cat
15
Xiyovcnp
'icr^eVoXtz^.
ecrrt
Se roi)
43. Iphigenia
iu t^e
The rock Anaclethra Graves in the city TheAesymniuui Worship of Iphinoe Temples
rrytaneum
of Aphrodite and of Dionysus with their
Adraslus Graves
of her.
tiie
iden-
with Hecate.
by Schol.
Megara,
Pind.
Nem.
9,
Lysippus
1.
Coroebus
was
in
and
his
tomb in
the market-place.
12.
TipSov
:
not identical
Artemis Soteira
kon
s.v.
Hdt.
4,
308,
mentions a sanctuary of the Virgin in the city of Tauric Chersonese, and says that on a cape called Parthenium, about eleven miles from the city, there
mentioned above, but situated probably in the neighborhood of the Prytaneum. 14. Iv St t irpvravtlw it is perhaps to be inferred that when a hero enjoyed especial honor, his grave also was placed in a prominent position.
:
206
^AuaKXrjdpiSa
ivXavaTO
Se roj
ipravda dveKoXecrev
avTtjv.
eot/cdra
Xoyo) SpcocTLv 69
20
Etcrt 8e Td(f)OL
yvvaiKe^;.
TO he AicnjjxvLou KoXoTupievov
'Tirepiovo'^ he
'
jjivrjixa
tov Ayajxefju/opos
atXevarev v(TTaTo<i
25
tovtov
rjv
/cat
tovto
rjpcocoi>.
ovTo<i
yap Meyapeo)!/
dTTo9av6vTO<i
e/3a-
tov duhpo<;
vtto
/cat vjSpiP,
dp^ovTa^ atperov?
Al(Tvp,vo<^ ovhevo<;
/cat
dvd
9
ixepo<s
aKovetv dXXijXcop.
ivTavOa
ra
e? AeX/cat ol
(f)Ov^,
30 /cat
aXXa
/cat
Meyapea<; ev Trpd^eLu,
tovto to
eTro<^
rjv fxeTa
e? Tov<i TeOueo)-
ra? e^eiv
(T<^i(Tiv
'Fji>Tev9ep Trpd?
w Meyapel<;
16.
in that of
rock
is
called
is
12)
Philopoenien
told
name.
:
Td4>oi MsYapevo-iv
5,11).
22.
to Be Al(rv|j.viov: according
roic
The account
fell in
the bat-
Ae.synmium, which was the grave of the heroes, must have been within the Council House. It was probably a chamber in wliich the offito Pausanias the
cials called Ai(Tv/j.v7]Tai (C.I.G.G.S. 15)
The
Megarian dead is preserved (C.T. G. G.S. 53). Of other great Greeks, Coroebus and Orsippus were buried in the
agora of Megara
(1,
met. Here was probably a tomb of Aesymims, a mytliical personage invented to explain the name. See PaulyWissowa, I, 1090, s.v. Aisymnetes;
Busolt, Griech. Staats-undKechtsalterturner^, pp. 46
ff.
43, 8;
1,
44, 1);
Thersander
in that of
Elaea
(9, 5, 14);
MEGARA
Cli.43, 6
207
35 es
ypafJLfiaTUjp (f)vXaKr)p
i)(p(t)UTO
in
ifxov,
fxprjua eXeyov
rj
ttju
Mc-ya-
avTov kafielv
KvaL^^jxiqv,
to oe
^l(f)Lu6r)<;
'AX/ca^ov OvyaKadecrTrjKe
dirodavelv Se avnju
(f)a(TLP
Trj<;
en
TrapOevov.
Se Tat9 Kopai^
40 peLP TTpo
X^^ npos to
lcf)Lv6r}<;
'EKaepyrj Koi
f
dvyaTcpes
Xioiv.
'A<TTVK/3aTta9
Marrov?
0vyaTp^ 8e
rjcrav
IloXvetSou
e's
Meyapa
AXKdOovu eVt tw
(poi^o) T(o
KaXXtTrdXtSo? Kadrjpai
tw
rjfxiov
ttXtju
TO (f)avp6v.
SdTvpo'i he irape-
avTio
U pa^LTeXov<;
KaXovcxiv
tovtou
UaTp^ov
eTTovop,dl,ovTe<;
l^v)(TJvopa
dyaXfxa he
AffypohiT-q ire-
ITpa^t? iiTLKXyjaLu.
Tw
pa(p
lleido) he /cat
eTepa
de6<i, rjv
Ylaprjyopov 6vop.dt,ov(Tiv,
with Schol.).
tQv
'TirepPop^coi/ Kai
avrai
a.(pi-
Kotn-o ii ArjXov,
Hyperborean
I,
niaiden.s
named AphroXen.
2810 sqq.;
disium in
Hell. 5, 4,
I'lut.
Agesilaiis, 27;
IIoXvciSos
Evx^jvopa: here
two descendants of Melampu.^!, Polyidus and Echenor, are named as foundersof sanctuaries of Dionysus. MelaTu-
and says that once when Agesilaus was in Megara a vein in his leg burst as he was ascending from the sanctuary of Aphrodite to the government ofHce.
55.
IIciOw
Peitho
is
the personiii-
Polyidus was an
;
N, 663 sqq.
Pind.
208
epya TIpa^LTeXov;
ll6do<;, el Sr] hLd(j)opd
XKoira
8e "Kpco';
koI
Ijutepo?
kol
ian
/car a
epya
60
(T(f)i.(rL.
irXrjcTLOv 8e
tov
ttjs
icrrlu lepou,
H pa^LTeXov<;
Movaa<i
/cat
Kai eV
Tw
TTXr](TLOv
)(aXKovu Ata
iTroLr](re
rw vaco Av(mnro<;.
8e e? avrov
eVi
ttju
"EcTTi Se
7717
Meyapeutrt
/cat
Kopoi^ov
Td<f)oq
to.
Koti/ct
KpoTcoTTOv Xeyovcriv iv
8e tcrp^v/aw?
roi/ 7rat8a
e/c
eKOelvai
TToip.vrj^
oia^Oei-
povaiv eVtrv^oi^re?
'
r'^g
Kvpe<^
KpoTconov,
TavTTjv
rrefXTrei
UoLpyju.
Tovs 7rat8a9
apird^eiv, e? 6 Kdpot<f)Ovevcra<^
^og
70
8e
ov
ydp dvUi
Trj<;
XotyLtwSi^?
KopoLJSos
(jyopov
iK(i>p
TjXOev eg AeX(^ov?
iq jxep
Srj
v^i^wv
8i/ca9
rw ^ew tov
eKeXeveu eV
lloLprj^.
7]
Kopoifiov
love.
Peitlio
is
may
in art, especially
statue.
gorus
is
Gardner, Nunnsm.Conim.onPaus. p.
with
pi.
see
A,
xiv.
00.
Avcriiriros
prob-
Preller-K()bert,p.502,concerningtheHe
personifications of
Love,
of
Desire,
number
of ancient blocks
in.scrip-
and
p.
of
Yearning.
Urlichs,
Skopas,
of gray marble,
tion
Qtfpaixivrjz
89,
dv4d7]Ke,
\v-
images of Scopas stood facing the old ivory image of Aphrodite and the two images of Peitho and Paregorus by Praxiteles, each triplet of images being
placed on a single pedestal.
\r\s: the
miriros iiroiei,
statuary.
The
seems to
See A.M..
(1885), 145-150.
58.
Tv-
KopoCpov
Td<|)os"
rd
1,
8s is
avrov
579sqq., and
draped
Conon, Narrat. 19, tell the story of Coroebus and Psamathe, with more
picturesque details.
MEGARA
Ch.44, 2
209
ol
A7r6Xk(x)PO<;
otKoSo/xrJtrat
ttjv
i^aoi^
kol
avTOv
oi/c>ycrat.
Kat 6
poL^o) Se icTTL
8e eXeyeta
80
iv
rfj
Meyapeoji>
dyopa
yeypaiTTai
to. e?
"^ap-ddrju /cat
Kat
hrj
Kat iTriOrjpd
HoLvrju.
fxeva icTTLu
44
Kopoi/^ov 8e reOanTaL
I'aj^'
"Opcmnro';, 09
Trepte^wcr/jte'-
eV rot? dyoicrt
Kara
dOXrjTcov 'OXv/x<^acrt 8
TTta (TTp(OTO<;'>
Kat
Opcnmrop
dpSpo^
aTroTefxeadaL ^(opav
TTepLeC,ojcrp,epov
hpapelv
2
TpiiroSCo-Kovs Kii|niv
Thucydi-
des
(4,
in the territory of
of Mt. Gcrania.
The remains
of the
ThcScironianWny Ino and Meltcertes The robber Sciron Temple of Zeus Aphesius Images of Aphmand
the rock Moluris
dite,
of Apollo., and of
"Opcriinros
Eurystheus
1
.
which leads through tlie mountains to the Isthmus of Corinth. Three forms of the name occur, Tripodiscus (Thuc. I.e.), Tripodiscium (Strato the pass
Me-
bo, 0, p. 304),
and Tripodisci
(Paus.).
:
78.
154.
these
7,
Megarian dialect (C.I. G. This epitaph 52). was manifestly the source of Pausa1050
;
C.I.G.G.8.
versesarepreservedin Anthol.Palat.
44.
nias's information.
The
victory of Or-
sippus was
won
in 01.
15 (720 b.c).
p. 105, ed.
Orsippns
Temple of Apollo
slum
ivith antiquities
Nisaea and of Pagne Worship of Melanthus in Aegosthena Grove of Autonoe in Erenia, and of the flute-
Antiquities of
vol. 1,
Gymna-
wliich Orsippus
jjrobably
waged
Megara,
till
and
210
680U
Trjs
icTLv iu
T179
ohov duevpelv.
'
AnoXkcjv 8e iu aurw
/cetrat
^ea9
.
oi^LO<;
kol
II/Da^tre-
oe eV
rw
yvjxpa-
T(p
Nvp.fjidocji'
Xidos
icmv
rj
Tocravrd acfaaLv
iiTLveiov,
i<;
eVtSet^ti' Trapet^ero
e's
TrdXt?
9 8e to
KaXovpeuou
/cat
r^pid'^
ert Ntcratai^, e?
rouro
/ca-
ecrrt
off
Nem.
7, 155).
xvpa}ii(8os <rxfi|i.o
:
'AiroXXwvos Upov
two
to
inscrip-
tions, dating
B.C.,
with
dedications
was probably the new one. ^14. on some coins of Megara an obelisk appears between two dolphins, probably a copy of the pyramidal image of Apollo. See ImhoofBlumer and Gardner, Numism. Connn.
:
12.
A^tJ. Kal
on Pans.
\iOviwv
.
p. 0,
.
with
:
pi.
A,
viii.
4,
15.
El-
1).
The
10. s 8s
TO
irviov:
Thuc.
GO says
one group was perhaps a replica of the other. Coins of Megara present a group of Apollo standing between Latona and
Artemis, probably a copy of the Praxitelian group.
Gardner, Nuniism.
7,
Comm. on Pans.
pp.
1,
103).
But
<t>d8wv
in the following
and proceeds to the port, the Gate of the Nymphs must have been on the south side of Megara, and probably through
this the
century (Plut. Phocion, 15); and Strabo speaks as if they still existed in his
time.
of these walls can be pointed out.
hill
road to the
poi't passed.
An
in-
scription
of St.
certain Matroxcnus,
of the
gymnasium
in the
may
NISAEA
Cli.44, 4
211
aX\a
es
t-tjv
vpo^aTa
iu
rfj
yrj
20 0p\f}avTa<i ATjfJLTjTpa
T(o lep(o
OLKpoTToXif;
ivTuvda
avTr^
Trpo<;
NtVata-
/cara/3acrt Se
T179
daXdaaj)
At^ur^s
ttJs 'ETTct^ou.
irapij-
Se irapd ttju
TToKefXCi)
r)
Niaatau
TO)
TT/DOS
vrjcrof;
ov ixeydkr] Mti'wa-
IvravOa
Iv TIO
NtCTOt' TTapoipjxei
TO VaX/TlKOV TWU
4
Kpr]T(x)v.
8e opeipr) r^?
ofxopos, ^v
30 w/ctcrrat.
fj
toucrt Se e? to,?
rrj^
X(o(j)6pov
be traced.
v(ja: the
nerpa
vfi<ros
hill
Sei/ci/vrat
ov
(ic-ydXt]
e\ov(ja e'/xTrcTn^yora?
26.
Mt-
on the western side of the harbor appears to have been what Thuc. 3, 51, and Pausanias call the island of Minoa. Thucydides (I.e.) speaks of it as an island off Megara,
lower
not far from the shore, to which
it
some years, but evacuated it in 445 n.c, w hen they concluded the Thirty Years'
Peace with Sparta (Thuc.
yoo-Ocva: the ruins of
I.e.).
Al-
was
a
The Megarians
fort,
In
Minoa and
Jv'isaea
but under
Attic
Pegae
(so,
writers
and
was a port
Aegosthena are to be found on the west shore of Megaris, at the head of a bay now called Porto Germano, formed by a western projection of Mt. Cithaeron on the north and by the mountains of Megara on the south. The walls of the town are amongst the finest and best preserved of ancient Greek fortifications. The place is rarely mentioned by ancient writers. Xen. Hell. 5, 4, 17 sq. tells of a storm which in 378 n.c. wrought havoc in a Lacedaemonian army imder Cleombrotus as they were approaching Aegosthena; and Xen. Hell. 6, 4, 25s(i. tells how the I,acedacmonian army,
retreating after the disaster at Leuctra,
on the w'estcoastof Megaris,on the Gulf of Corinth. The distance from I'agae to Ni.saea was one hundred and twenty
stadia (Strabo, 8, p. 334).
When Me-
were met at Aegosthena by reenforcements under Archidanuis. 31. ir^rpa: Pausanias has now turned northward
and
is
212
oiaTovs, 5
17V ol
Trj
vvktL
iv Se
rat?
nayat?
cr)(yjixa
^e'a? VTreXeineTO
kXtjctlv
35 /cat
Oia(f)6pco<;
)(^ou.
AtytaXew? iuTavOd
icTTLU
TJpWOV TOV
AhpOLCTTOV
Sevrepov e?
Hyj^a<;
MeyaptSo?
40
KoiJLLcravTe<; dd-rTTovat,
TO Tjpcoov.
Trai^
jxav-
Tev(T0aL oe ofTe
/cat
45
davdroi, <jvp.^dvri
T-u^rj Treptcr
W9 XeyeTai,
/cat
/cat
Av-
'loucrt Se
50
e'/c
M.eydpo)V
e'9
Kopuvdov aXXot Te
TTOirjcrai
icm, to
jxev
i^
fx6voi<; Se
on the south of the road a height now called Karydi ("walnut-tree"), on the rocky summit of which there are many
holes.
He
therefore passed
of
50.
Tt]Xe<|>dvovs
Telephanes, the
which
40.
CI.
cited here
:
McXd|j.iro8os
Samian
flute-player,
was a contempo-
rary of Demosthenes,
presents
him
some specious reasons for holding that Melampus was originally a goat deity. from Megara Pan49. CK Me-ydpoiv
:
tioned also in
epitaphouhistombbyNicarchusispreserved
in
Anthol. Palat.
:
150.
53.
sanias proceeded
to
Corinth by the
Xt9w
ko-yx'tt]
Dodwell (Tour,
:
II, 178)
route
now
"A
soft
and
SCIRONIAN ROAD
Ch.
44,
213
ecrrt,
/cat
Fi\krjv(op
Meyapevaiu 6 Koy^irr]^
aXXou Xidov
ovto';
cy^icriv
i^ avTov.
ecm
8e
ayav
\evKO<i /cat
(Ttat
/xaXa/coirepo?
/coy^ot Se at daXdcr-
8ta
ouro?
/xe^*
TTjv Se 6po^a[,ofjivr]v
ano
pwi^, yjvLKa
60
Meyapevcnv eVoXe/Ltap^et, irpoiTo^ cu? Xeyovati^ iTToirjcev avhpdaiv oheveiv ev^copoi^- \\.SpLavo<; 8e [6] y8acrtXev? Kttt ovT(W9 tu? /cat appara ivavria ikavprjTat KaTecrrrjcreu vpv)^(oprj re /cat
imTrjSeLap
elpai,.
Trj<;
Aoyoi 8e
Go avTTjv e?
ooii^ Toj/
etcrtt'
oSov
pLokicrTa dve^ovcriv,
p.kv Tr)p
MoXovpiSa, w?
diro ravri^?
rait' Trat-
dakacrcrav
p(OTpov
*
'li^co pixjiaL
o-]^
MeXiKepTrju e^oucra
Tvpe<j^vTepop avTcjp
oij
Toi^ yci/a
Aeapyop
i^
oiTTKTLPep 6 TTaTijp.
XeycTat fxep
irdcTLP 'it'w
i<;
ddXaaaap
and marine substances, that are easily decomposed and crumbled into dust."
Cf.
58.
mus
...
(Ildt. H, 71).
\i.iv
Curtius,
TTjv
Peloponnesus,
diro
I,
H.
04. cs
tt]v
:
MoXovpiSa
'Iv
M<XiKepTT)v
St
6vo|ia^o|ivt]v
:
2Kpw-
vos
Kttl ^s
ToSc ktX.
Strabo
(9, p. :5!tl)
sea-cliffs,
'>!'), ed. Boeckh, and Schol. Lycophron, 229, agree in saying that Ino fled with the infqnt Melicertes over Mt. Gerania and thing herself and him
Introd. p.
known
road (Hdt.
Alciphron
(:],
70)
from the Molurian rock into the sea. Cf. Zenob. 4, MB Lucian. Dialog! Mar;
who
here lay in
to
ini, 8, 1.
08.
Xiytrai: this
is
the well-
was easy
make
known
who
Hence, after
and liis Thermopylae, the Peloi)onnesians blocked the Scironian road and
annihilation of Leonidas
at
men
wereonthepointofbeingkilled through the wiles of their stepmother Ino, and who were carried away through the air
fleece.
It is
214
Trj<;
efeve^^eWo? Se
75 0J9
aXXat
eV
avT(o
TOV
aywva
ayovcri.
0a<;
ra? Se
/xerct
ravrqv
o"<^a? e?
Tr]i>
OdXacrcrav.
tovtcdv
Slkt]
evrt
85 VTTO T^creoj?.
^Acfyecrtov 9
irore.
KaXovfxevov vao?*
Se
toI<;
AlaKov Kara
.
.
tl
Xoyiop
t(o
rovTo
'A(f)(TLOv
evTovOa
/cat 'A(f)pooLTri<;
e'9
Kat Ilai'o?.
Xwvq
:
irpoeXBovcn Se
10
38)
The
tor-
Schol.
death of Sciron
paintings,
toise
is
is
depicted on vaseof
p.
and
in
some
them the
explains that
certes
when
for
its
prey.
mus, a famine befell Corinth, and an oracle declared it would not cease until
the people paid the due obsequies to
Aios
*A<J)<riov
KaXovpi^vov
him with
fu-
When
they afterwards
told
hour and a half southwest of Megara, on an eminence above the road to Corinth,was excavated in 1889. The temple
them that
was a tiny building, about twenty feet long and fourteen feet wide, consisting
southeast.
'
merely of a cella with a portico facing See A.M. XIV (1889), 327;
80. \t-
LATOAN APOLLO
<:b. 44, 10
215
TO irpocro)
Krj<;
'H^a/cXetSa?
e/c
jaa^T^j/
ivravOa airoOavilv
avro Meyapevcnf
Aarwov
/ler'
Kopivdiap, P0a
TWop
to
ixa^rjaai
irpo^;
Xeyovcrti'.
to death,
91. Evpv<r6c<i>s
lod. 2, 8,
1,
according to Apolhi.s
Eiirystlieus, after
de-
94.
tiie
after passing
cliffs
long line of
Scironian
little
the
was overtaken at the Scironian rocks and slain by Ilyllus, who cut off his head and brought it back to Alcmena.
According to Eur. Ileracl. 859 sqq., lolaus took Eurystheus prisoner at tlie Scironian rocks, and brought him back
plain beside
is
a small
in
;
named
Kincta.
The sane-
neighborhood.
1,
95.
tv9a "YXXov
see
41, 2, note.
APPENDIX
A.
MANUSCRIPTS
The
tion.
text of Paiisanias
It
contains a
is
the author
lias been liaiided down to us in wretched condinumber of bad faults and a great many lacunae for which not to blame. The extant manuscripts are without exception
of late date
to
whom we
has shown that they go back to one archetype, but that there already
existed in the archetype a raria
Jfctio,
the margin, so that the copyists had really two recensions to choose from.
in otliers they
chose the marginal reading; and at times they even took both, either by
noting the variation on the margin or by embodying the two ideas in the
text.
The manuscripts are more than twenty in number and date chiefly from the loth century. Ilitzig has brought the critical ajij^aratus of the Schubart-Walz edition up to date and has revised the text in the light of
forty years of
modern scholarship.
For a
full
discussion of the
manuprinci-
and Spiro.
The
pal
excellence as follows
Class
I.^
Codex
by four different hands. Codex Parisinus 1410, Pc, written by Michael Suliardus
in five parts
in
1491
closely re-
c ii,
Pint.
LVI
it
10,
LVI
APPENDIX
Class
II.
217
16th century.
Codex Mos(iueii.sis, M, probably of the 14th century. Codex Monacensis 404, Mo, of the Kith century; it most identical with M. Codex Venetus 413, Vn, of the l.lth century. Codex Leidensis 1(5 L, Lb, of the lilth century.
is
al-
Class
III.
Codex
l.")th
century.
10,
N,
Ilist.
ICth
(ir.
B.
Editor
Editio Princeps (M. Musurus)
EDITIONS
PlBLISHER
Plack
Venice Frankfort
Date
bjK!
Aldus
Hered. A. Weclieli Typis Wechelianis
Fritsch
Xylander-Sylburgius
\rm
1013
lOiMJ
Xylander-Sylbu rgius
Hanover
Leipzig Leipzig
Paris
Kuhnius
Facius
Clavier
Siebelis
Weigel Eberhart
1704 1814
Leipzig
Berlin
Bekker
Schubart and Walz Dindorf
Weidiuann Reimer
Ilahn
1822-1828
1820-1827
Leipzig
Paris
1838-1839
1845
Didot
Teubner Teubner
Tauchnltz
Keisland
1853-1854
1875
1877
1890 1003
Teubner
For a
T. F.,
of the
full
An
London
lSi27; Mons, J.
11'..
Manual
of
Classical Bibliography,
London
LS^.j;
S<-liiirif/ei\
218
TEANSLATIONS
Place
Venice
Language
Latin
Latin
TRAXSLATOn
Calderinus
Publisher
Bernardin
Oporimis
Torrentinus
Date
1498
1547
Amasaeus
Loesclier
Rome
Basle
1550
1551
Florence
Frankfort
Wechel
Osanna
Poggioli
ri624
tlG70
1593
1817
f 171)5-17(56
Mantua
Italian
Nibby
Goldhagen
AViedasch
Siebelis-Keiclian
Rome
Berlin
German
Reimer
Fleischmann
Metzler
1 1798-1799
182(5-1833
German
German
Munich
Stuttgart
ri827
U858
Schubart
Stuttgart
German
French
Frencli
Hoffmann
1857-18(53
'1731
Gedoyn
Clavier
Paris Paris
Nyon
Eberhart
1733
^1797 1822-1828
1780
r
English
Englisli
U. Price
London
London
London
Evans
Jeffry
Thomas Taylor
Frazer
1793
1824
18tK)
English
New York
Macmillan
D.
ments
mentary by Miss Harrison, London and New York, Macmillan, 1890; Ilitzig, II., and Bluemner, II.: Pausaniae Graeciae Descriptio, edited witli apparatus criticus by Ilitzig, with commentary etc. by Hitzig and Bluemner, Leipzig, Reisland, 189G
;
Frazer, J. G.:
Pausanias's Description of
New
Commentary on Pausanias
(J.
H.
S. vi, 1885,
50-101;
vii,
1886, 57-113;
APPENDIX
viii,
219
Schriftstellerei und seine Quellen, Berlin 1886; Gurlid, W.: Ueber Pausanias, Graz 1890; Bencker, M. Der Anteil der Periegese an
tiber seine
:
Munich 1890;
Ileherdey,
Wieu
x,
Vienna 1894).
2.
IMPORTANT ARTICLES
xii (1878),
V.
Wiknnowllz,
ff.;
Hermes
f.
365
ff.
Schoell,
ff.;
432
Brunn, Jb.
ibid,
Kl. Philol.
xxx (1884), 23
ff.;
r. Si/lel,
ff.;
161
ff.
Realencycl. Suppleni.
sity
Kalkmann, Arch. Anz. 1895, 12 ff.; Woch^muth in i, 200 ft"., 1903; Carroll, George Washington UniverBulletin vi (1907), No. 3, 61 ff.
;
xv (1893), Pauly-Wissowa,
3.
SELECT DISSERTATIONS
stilo
Bikkh
ticae de
De Pausaniae
locis
Asiano, 1824
Braiisf
Commentationes
;
cri-
quibusdam
Krueycr: Theologu-
Weitere Beitr.
z.
Koeniy :
De
Pausaniae
doti,
bensanschauungen, 1868;
Des Reisebeschreibers Pausanias Lebens- und (JlauSclteffler : Ueber die Personlichkeitdes Periegeten Pausanias, 1880; Starch: Syntaxeos Pausanianae part. I de anacoluthis, 1869; Starch: Syntaxeos Pausanianae capp. viii, 1872: Wernicle: De.
1866
;
Pfuiultner:
1889.
E.
GENERAL WORKS
On
Comtc
lie Lahorde, Athenes aux xv, xvi" et xvii siecles, Paris 1854, and Judeich, Tojxjgraphie von Athen, pj). 14 ft". We give below the more important works that have appeared since the beginning of the seven-
teenth century.
220
Levant,
Voyage dTtalie, de Dalmatie, de Grece et du aux amines 1675 et 1076. Vols, i, ii, iii, Lyons 1078; vols, i, Wheler, G.: A Jom-ney into ii, Amsterdam 1679 and The Hague 1721; Greece by George Wheler, Esq., in company with Dr. Spon of Lyons, etc.,
Span, J., and Wheler, G.:
London 1082
London,
dler,
i
Stuart, J.
ii
and
iii
Revett,
1762,
1789,
1791, iv 1816
;
or
The Antiquities of Athens, 4 vols. new edition 1825-1830; Chanan account of a tour made at the expense
N.
:
; ;
Oxford 1776
Clarke,
and Topographical Tour through Greece during the years 1801, 1805, 1806. Vols, i, ii, London 1819 Muller, K. 0.:
462-596
Dodwell, E.
Classical
"Attika,"ErschandGruber's Realencyklopadie Sekt. l,Bd. vi, 1820, 228 ff.; Hatokins, J.: On the Topography of Athens. AValpole's Memoirs relating to European and Asiatic Turkey, etc., London 1817, 2d ed. 1818, 480 ff.; Gell, W.: Itinerary of Greece, containing one hundred routes in Attica, Boeotia, Phocis, Locris, and Thessaly, London 1819 Unedited Antiquities of Attica, by the Society of Dilettanti, London 1817; 2d ed. 1833 Leake, W. M.: The Topography of Athens, London 1821 Topography of Athens and the Demi of Attica, 2 vols., London 1841; Leake, W. JM.: Travels in Northern Greece, vols, i-iv, London 1835; Pitlukis, K.: L'Ancienne Athenes, Athenes 1835; Wordsworth, Chr.: Athens and Attica, London 1836; 4th ed. 1869; Wordsworth, Chr.: Greece, a Descriptive, Historical, and Pictorial Account, London 1839 2d ed. 1859; revised by II. F. Tozer 1882 Mu7-e, W.: Journal of a Tour in Greece and the Ionian Islands, with remarks on the recent history, present state, and classical antiquities of those countries. Vols, i, ii, Edinburgh and London 1842; Ross, L.: Wanderungen in Griechenland, Halle 1851 Ross, Z..- Archaologische Aufsatze (i Leipzig 1855, ii hrsg. v. K. Keil 1861); Rochette, R.: Sur la topographie d'Athenes, Paris 1852; Breton, E.: Athenes d^crite etdessin^e, Pai-is 1862; 2d ed. 1868: Welcker, F. G.: Tagebuch einer griechischen Reise, vols, i, ii, Berlin 1865; GottUng, C. W.: Ges. Abhandlungen a. d. klassischenAltertime, vol. i Halle 1854,vol.ii Munich 1863 Forchhammer P W.: Topographic von Athen, Kiel 1841 Penrose, F. C. Principles of Athenian Architecture, London 1851 De Lahorde, L. Athenes aux xv, xvi, et xvii** siecles, Paris 1854 Vischer, W. Erinnerungen und Eindriicke aus Griechenland, Basel 1857, 103-216 Bursian, K.: Geographic von Griechenland, Leipzig 1862-1868: Attica in i, 264-325; Ulrichs, H. N.: Reisen und
; ; ; ; ; ;
ii,
133
ff .
Di/er, T. If.
;
Ancient Athens,
its
His-
Milchhoefer, A.:
"Athen,"
APPENDIX
Baumeister's Denkinaler, Munich 1885:
attischen
i,
221
111
ff.;
Demen,
lierliii
1887
Mahaffy J
,
Kani-
London 1887;
1865
;
Citrtim,
:
K.:
1862, vol.
ii
Curtius,
E.
Die Stadt-
geschichte von Athen, niit einer Uebersicht der Schriftquellen zur Topo-
Curlius, E. : Ges. Abhandlungen, Berlin 1894; Wachamuth, C: Die Stadt Athen ini Altortum, vol. i 1874, first half vol. ii 1890, Leipzig; Wachsmuth, C: Xeue Beitrage zur Topograpliie von Athen (Abh. d. K. S. Ges. d. AViss. xli); LolUn(j, II. (!.: Topographic von Athen, IMuUer's Ilandbuch d. kl. Alt., 1st ed., iii, 290 If.; Jahn, O., and Michnelis, A.: Arx Athenaruin a Pausania Mirhnelis, A.: Tabulae arcem Athenarum illusdescripta, Leipzig 1901
; ;
Gardner,
I'J.
New York
S.:
1002
:
C: The
'AOr]vu)v,
Story of Athens,
New York
;
1902; Kao-Tptoris
To.
Twv
3d
ed.,
Atene, brovi
1901;
Murray: Handbook
1900; Guides Joanne: Athenes et ses Environs, Paris 1890; Wachsmuth " Athenai," Pauly-Wissowa, Realencycl. Suppleni. i, 159 ff., Stuttgart
1903; Harrison, Jane E.: Primitive Athens as described by Thucydides,
Cambridge 1906.
2.
PERIODICALS
founded 1885: Series
(A. J. A.)
i,
A inerican
Journal of Archarolof/y,
ii,
vols,
i-xi
(1885-1896); Series
since 1897.
Annual of the
intervals.
British
Sduxd
at Athens, since
1894-1895.
(Ant.
Denkm.)
Zeituny, vols, i-xliii (1843-1885).
Archaol(>f/ij<che
(Arch. Zeit.)
Archaoloyischer Anzeiyer:
rately.
(Arcli.
Anz.)
published at irregular intervals from 1837 to
('E<^. 'Ap;^.)
A rchiioloyischen
Instituts,
since 1886.
(A. Jb.)
222
Wien, mit
Beihlatt,
since 1898.
Jownal of Hellenic
Abtheilung,
(J. H. S.)
title.
(A. M.)
Papers of
(to 1897).
American School of
iv 'A^T^vats
UpaKTiKo.
Tr]<;
Ap^aioXoyiKrj<;
EratptaS) vol.
published in
1871.
(lip.)
archeologifiue : Series
;
Revue
i,
1844-1860
.
Series
ii,
1860-1882
Series
iii,
1883-1902
(Rev. Arch.)
(R. Et. Gr.)
3.
Atlases.
tiu^,
Curtius,
E., and Kaupert, J. A.: Atlas von Athen, Berlin 1878, 12 large folio
;
plates
Curtius
ff.
Berlin 1881
Wall Maps.
Curtius
a. b.,
Reinhard, II.: Athenae in us. scholarum, Stuttgart 1868; and Kaupert: Vienna 1900; Loeper, R.: Cybulski's Tabulae xiv,
Leipzig 1903.
The photographs of Rhomaides, the English Photograph Co., and the collection of the German Archaeological Institute; Earth's Bookstore's <<'EAAas, a collection of views of Athens and Greece" all in Athens Reconstruction of Ancient Athens by Joseph HolTmann, Ed.
Views.
Athenes.
Model
of
Ancient
4.
For the
Hitzig-Bluemner
cc).
;
Wachsmuth
:
Stadt Athen,
ii,
ff.
Milchhoefer
"Peiraieus," Baui,
Denkm.,
ii,
24
ff.; ii,
Iff.; von
10-22
APPENDIX
Twv
A.i/i.ev<uv
223
Site of Ancient Phalerum,
ff.
;
Carroll:
The
iii,
1904, No. 3, 82
Hitzig-Blucmner
:
Frazer:
1,
1, 2,
;
1, 28,
on Pans.
1, 2,
2; 1, 2, 4; 1, 28, 3
(2)
The
literature
on the Agora
ino.st
fully given
1.
i,
305
ii,
ff.;
Pauly-Wissowa Supplem.
1,
181
ff.;
Der
Kerameikos und die Geschichte der Agora von Athen Stadtgeschichte, 169 ff.; Ges. Abhandlungen, i, 339 ff.; Leake: Topography of Athens, 98-134; Kaupert: Die Rekonstruktion der Agora des Kerameikos, Berl.
Philol.
Woch.
vii
(1887), 571
f.
ff.;
Laiuje
Haus
ff.;
u.
Halle, 1885, 60
ff.;
Weizsacker: Jahrb.
vers.
kl. Philol.
ff.;
1887, 577
Verh.
d. 39. Philologenff.;
in Zurich
1888, 210
Miss Harrison:
Ancient Athens, 14
;
Fallis:
Diirpfeld: Ant.
Denkm.
351
f.,
Woch. 1900,
379
Frazer: Pausanias
ii,
pp. 55
ff.,
etc.;
ff.
,
Hitzig-Bluemner: on
Paus. 1, 3, 1, etc.; Gardner: Ancient Athens, 126 Topographic von Athen, 293-339.
(3a)
on the Enneacnmus
ii,
160
ff.,
Here follow the more important titles: Leake: Topography of Athens, i, 127 ff.; Curtitis Attische Studien, ii, 15 ff.; Stadtgesch. 88-294; Ges. Abhandl. ii, 401-408; Wachsmuth: Stadt Athen, i, 272-284 Rh. Mus. xxiii, 35 ff.; Unger : Sitzungsber. d. Akad. Munch, phil. hist. CI. (1874), 263 ff.; Lnschke: Die Enneakrunos-t^pisode bei Pausanias, Progr. Dorpat (1883), 9 ff.; Diirpfeld: A. M. xvi (1891), 444 ff.; xvii (1892), 92 ff., 439-445 xix (1893), 143 ff.; Miss Harrison: Ancient Athens (1890), 88 ff.; Gardner: Ancient Athens, 18-23, 149-151, 535-538; Graher : Die Enneakrunos, A. M. xxxi (1906), 1-61; Judeich: Topographic (1905), 180 ff.; Watzinger: A. :\r. xxvi (1901), 305 ff.; Miss Harrison: Primitive Athens as described by Thucydides, Cambridge 1906.
:
; ;
; :
224
The Dionysium
ff.;
ix Limnis
ff.
ff. ff.
Curtius: Stadtgesch. 76
(1889), 122
Maass: De Lenaeo
1891/1892, 111
Pickard: A^ J. A.
viii
(1893), 56
ff.;
Dorp/eld: A.
ff.;
M.
Milchhoefer
Philol. Iv
ff.
;
d.
W.
325
Leipz. (1897), 33
Philol. Assoc,
Pratt: A.
M.
ff.,
ff.;
Bates: Trans.
Am.
ff.;
xxx
(1899), 97
ff.;
Gardner: Ancient
ff.;
Athens, 111
son:
123
ff.,
148
ff.;
Judeich
Topographic, 261
:
3/ks Harriff.
Schrader
ff.
(1907), 25
(4)
357-365
Leake: Athens,
i,
498-512;
294-290; Dorpfeld : A. M. ix (1884), 326 ff.; Miss Harrison : Ancient Athens, 112-122, 146-149 Gardner: Ancient Athens, 410 ff.; G'mp/'and Baumeister : Baumeister's Denkm. 1774Curtius: Stadtgeschichte, 120-136,
;
1786
Ross
Das Theseion
iind der
in
Bates:
A. J. A. V (1901), 37 f.; Lollinfj : Nachr. der Gott. Ges. d. Wissensch. 1874, 17 ff.; Judeich: Tojwgraphie, 325 ff.
(5)
Stuart
Dodicell
:
The Olympieum
of
387
ff.
Leake: Athens,
f.;
513-516
:
Dyer:
98
Bevier
Papers of
i,
Am.
188
School at Athens,
f.;
f.;
Baedeker: 49
ff.;
Penrose: J.
S.
viii
(1887), 272
Penrose: Principles of
xxxvii, xxxviii, xxxix
;
Athenian Architecture
'E</).
(ed.
f.;
of 1888),
with
pi.
Berl. Philol.
Woch.
vii
Pausanias,
Judeich
:
178
f.;
Topographie, 340
APPENDIX
(6)
/)yer;
226
Julius: Zeitschr.
f.
l)il(l.
Kunst,
xiii
UpaKTiKo.
rrj^ 'Ap)(aLo\oyiKrjs
ff.;
Wheeler: Papers of
Am.
;
Scliool at Athens,
(1882-1883), 123-179
ster's
ibid.
i,
41.")
IT.;
Kdmrou
The
Hauniei-
Denkni. 1734-1738;
(ntide
Joanne:
09-72;
JIiii(/li:
Brndeker : 53-55;
Attic Theatre,
Oxford 1898; Miss Harrison: Ancient Athens, 271-295; Frazcr : Pausanias, ii, 222 ff.; Gardner: Ancient Athens, 123-125, 398-399, 453-454, etc.; Dorpfeld and Reisch : Das griechische Theater, Athen 1890 Ddrj)feld A. M. xxii (1897), 439 ff.; xxiii (1898), 320 ff.; xxiv (1899), 310 ff.; xxviii
;
(1903), 383
ff.;
Capps
;
Uni-
(1893), 93
ff.
Class. Rev.
(1894), 318
ff.
A. J. A. x (1890), 287
ff.
(7)
De
Die
Warhsmuth
Burnoiif:
La
1877;
Bolticker:
1888;
Curliiis
:
Cirf(/ororius:
Mittelalter,
:
1889;
Die Stadt-
Miller
A. J. A.
1901 343
Lnckenhach Die Akropolis von Athen, 1896 Athen und ihre Kiinstdenkniiiler, Progr. Kron1900; Michaelis: Arx Athenaruni a Pausania descri[)ta, with atlas, Ilachlinann Die Akropolis von Athen ini Zeitalter des Perikles,
viii
ff.;
:
;
(1893), 473
Judeich:
To]K)graphie, 190-255
Ausgrabungen der
Akrojwlis, A.
M.
xi (1880)
-xiv (1890).
(8)
The Pkopylaea
f.;
Stitarf
f.;
and
lierett
ii
(1787), 37
ff.,
i,
with
162
pi. i-xiii
Leake: Athens,
xxiii
i,
527
ff.;
Annali
(1861),
; :
226
362
ii (1877), 192-194 Robert: Aus ff.; Julius: A. M. i (1876), 216-228 Kydathen, 172-194; Bnkn: Die Propylaeen der Akiopolis zu Athen (Berlin and Stuttgart 1882); Milchhoefer : Athen, 200-202; Dnrpfeld : A. M. x
;
White:
'Ecf>.
'Apx- 1894,
ff.
Boetticher
Die
Curtius
Topographie, 207
(9)
xx (1862), 249-267; Botticher : Philologus xxi 41-72; Pervanoglu, Bulletino dell' Institute, 1868, 162-164; Julius: A. M. i (1876), 224 ff.; Michaelis, ibid. 279 if.; Curtius: Arch. Zeit. xxxvii (1879), 97 f.; Bohn: Arch. Zeit. xxxviii (1880), 85-91; A. M. v
MichaelLs: Arch. Zeit.
(1864),
Kekule: Die Reliefs an der Balustrade der (1880), 259-267, 309-316 Athena Nike (Stuttgart 1881); Petersen: Zeit. f. d. oest. Gym. xxxii (1881), 261-282; Baumeister's Denkm., 1021-1027; Walters: Bonner Studien, 1890, 92-101; Friederichs-Wolters : Gipsabgiisse, Xos. 747-804, Yorke: J. H. S. xiii (1892-1893), 272-280; Kmwadias 'E<^. pp. 281-290
; ;
ff.;
Dorp/eld: A.
ff.;
M.
ff.
v.
Wilamowitz:
;
Furtwcinyler
Meisterw. 207-222
Judeich:
Topographie, 204
ff.
(10)
The Parthenon
is
The
53
ff.^
literature
on the Parthenon
We
1.
Architecture.
Michaelis:
new
ed.,
Der Parthenon, Leipzig 1871; Fergusson, Penrose: Principles of Athenian ArchiLondon 1888 Magne Le Parthenon Etudes faites
;
au cours de deux missions en Grece 1894-1895, Paris 1895; Dorp/eld: A. M. vi (1881), 283-302; xix (1894), 529-531 xxvii (1902), 379 ff.;
;
V.
Syhel: Baumeister's
Denkm.
ii,
1171-1188;
Boetticher: Akropolis,
:
110
ff.;
ff.;
Miss Harrison
Petersen:
; ;
V (1890), 79-117
M. xv
(1891), 59-94
;
Furtwangler: Meisterw.
:
184
1
ff.,
223-250
Pernice
A. Jb., x (1895),
1,
For subsequent
310
f.;
Hitzig-Bluemner,
271-273;
APPENDIX
93-103; Wizemanti
Schwerzek
:
227
Erliuiterungen zu der Reconstruction des Westgiehels des Parxi (189(i), 300-3(11; Mnlenhenj.
xii
(1897), 101
;
London 1903.
(11)
Thk Ekkchtheum
ii,
338
f.;
Ilitzig-Bluemner,
284
f.;
Fergusson:
the
Temple
of
Athena J. H.
i
Polias, Trans.
S. xi (1882),
Fowler:
Am.
258
School at Athens,
;
(1885), 21.5-236;
vi (1881),
Michaelis: A.
M.
INI.
(1877), 15-37
Burrmnnn: A. M.
321
ff.;
ff.;
372
ff.;
Rhamjave: A. M.
Dorpfeld: A.
vii (1882),
ff.,
Gardner: J.
J. II. S.
II.
ff.;
Barnslei/
ibid.
381
ff.;
Midilleton
Supplem.
;
iii, pi.
9-17
71 [pi. vi-ix]
i-ison
:
ibid.
1-17
[pi. i-iv]
;
Mhs
Ilar-
Furtii-ivujler
Meisterw. 192-200
raphie, 243-255.
(12)
For
literature
2, 3.
Judeicli, Topographie,
238-240,
M. x (1885), 275 ff.; xi (1886), 337-351; xii (1887), xv (1890), 420-439 xxii(1897), 159-178 xxviii (1903), 468 f.; xxix (1904), 106-107; Petersen: A. M. xii (1887), 62-72; TlVrnicke: ibid. 184-189; Schrader : A. M. xxii (1897), 59-112; Frnzer J. II. S. xiii (1892-1893), 153-187, reprinted with a few slight clianges as App. Pau.s. ii, 553-582; Fowler: A. J. A. viii (1893), 1-17; Miller: Belger : Berl. Philol. ibid. 473 ff.; White: Harvard Studies vi (1895), 1-54
Dorpfeld: A.
25-61, 190-211
Woch.
ff.,
1405
ft".,
1438
ff'.;
Coolei,
A. J. A. [N. S.]
iii
(1899), 355
Mks
363-364
W^iegand:
Die
arcliaisclie
Poros-Architektur der
Akropolis zu Athen,
La Sculpture
M. xxx
(1905), 305-322.
EXCURSUSES
[For Bibliography see Appendix E]
EXCURSUS
I.
THJ]
it may be said that I accept the following Old Phaleriim is to the west of the Bay of Phalerum, on the eastern slope of the hill of Miinychia and extends eastward along the Bay, the view held by Leake and Gardner. Other topographers locate it
In this discussion
(1)
The
site of
St.
1400 yards from the sea, near the cha})el of the Savior, as Milchhoefer
and Judeich.
(2) AVhere Thucydides
of
mean
southwest of the
hill of
as the harbor of
Zea or
Pashalimani, and (c) the small harbor, southeast of Munychia and west of
the Bay, the old harbor of Phalerum
(3)
is
now known as Munychia or Fanari. now known as the promontory of St. George,
Old
at the southeast corner of the Bay, frequently falsely called the site of
Phalerum.
(4)
leric
The
so-called
phers,
Wachsmuth,
and Judeich.
In this
For a complete discussion of these views and of the passages in anmy paper, "The Site of Ancient Phalerum," The George Washington University Bulletin, Vol. Ill, no. iii, pp. 82-00,
cient authors involved, see
October, 1904.
A. History.
tions, dating
Three
periods
The
229
the fortifications
tlie
and (3)
tliat of
Wars.
The
were not of any practical imjKjrtance after the Persian Wars, when the Acroix)lis ceased to be a citadel and became the sacred precinct of Athena.
The
hill
was similar
tlie
dels of
emas
The
wall was
known
It followed
the
course
may be
Acropolis, where remains are indicated on the south, east, and west sides.
At
The
were doubtless
set
its fortifications
as their
and was no longer used for profane purposes. It was either demolished by the Persians or was removed for the embellishment of tlie Acropolis as a sacred precinct. It was never restored, but considerable jtortions of the outworks doubtless survived to imperial times.
2. It is
probable that in the seventh century, certainly not later than the time
wall.
The
course and
course.
We
7,
infer that
it
was
140),
112 a).
An
im|>ortant factor
its
inscrip-
which distinguish "the city of Theseus" from "the city of Hadrian." A similar landmark to the north is seen by some topographers in the gate mentioned by Pans. 1, 15. 1. at the north entrance of
the market.
(Judeich.)
Assuming these two points as fixed, on the northeast and southwest sides, we can conjecture the course of the wall from the configuration of
230
the land.
Hadrian was
to the north-
built later,
Pnyx
hill
first
west gate.
From
there
it
eastward, tVien
originate
Arch
of Hadrian.
tlie
Thus could
wheel-formed
city,
with
The
entire course
regard the Dipylum as the site of the northwest gate of the early city wall
as well as of the later, basing their
argument on Thucydides's
Hijjpias
is
festival
"
The
betrayed, rush within the gates (lo-w twv irvXuiv) and slay Hipparchus near
the Leocorium.
Concern-
we can only
conjecture, but
much
fifth centuries, as it
seems to have afforded no protection wliatever against the Persians. After War very little of it was left standing. Cf. Time. 1, 89, 8, rrjv
"
/S/Ott^^Ol
The
first
falls in
the time
when
the
enthusiasm of the Athenians was stirred over the victories of Salamis and
Plataea, and
is
We
93
TovTio
r)
Tw
TpoTTw oi
Kal StJAt^
7ravTOL(Dv
oi
a>s
aXX
iKaarot ttotc
iyKareXiyrj-
'7rpo(Te<j)epoy,
arjpdrwv Kal
Xidoi. tlpyaap.cvoi
i^y'/^Or] ttJ<;
KLvovvT<i rfireiyovTO.
cTrctcre
oiKodo/xeiv.
'
VTrrjpKTo 8
avrov vporepov
Klvov
dp)(rj<i
^?
/car'
ivuivTuv
A0r]vaLOt.<i rjp^e
icTTL irepl
tov
Hupaia
ktX-
The
Athenians
is likely,
It
however, that the work was not prosecuted in earnest until after
when the
city walls
The work
of fortification
231
continued under Cinion, and completed under Pericles. Similarly the north
The south and by Cinion out of the spoils won by him from the Persians at the battle of the Euryniedon in 468 b.c. The construction of the Long Walls was a later work. According to Thuc. 1, 107, the Athenians began to build the Long Walls to the sea, namely the wall to Phalerum and the wall to Piraeus, about 400 <!.c. The walls were completed within four years, apparently soon after the battle of Oenophyta in 456 B.C. (Thuc. 1, 108 Pint. Cimon, 1:5). Those
;
who
known
as the
South Piraeic Wall, date its construction in 445 u.c. on the untrustworthy evidence of Andocides (3, 7) and Aeschines (2, 174). For a full discussion of the so-called Third Long Wall, see the paper already mentioned,
pp. 88-90.
At the beginning
intact (Thuc.
2,
of the Peloponnesian
War
the fortifications
were
still
13).
The Piraeus
;
fortifications
14,
The
walls
Athens were apparently spared. During 394-302 B.C. the Piraeus fortifications and the Long Walls were restored, chiefly under Conon (Xen. Hell. 4, 8, 9-10, Diod. 14, S'>). The Long Walls may have been destroyed again in 256 b.c. by Antigonus when he withdrew his garrison from Athens (Pans. 3, 6, 6) at any rate they were half in ruins in 200 b.c. when Philip V of Macedon attacked Athens (Livy, 31, 26). During this time the city wall had undergone extensive improvements after the battle of Chaeronea, 338 b.c. (Aeschin. 3, 27, 31 Liban. ad Dem. 30, 221, 1), and had been restored, according to inscriptions, under Habron, the son of Lycurgus, in 307/306 B.C. (C.I. A. 11. 167), and under Euryclides and Micion (C.I.A. II, 379). The final ruin occurred when Sulla in 87-86 b.c assailed Athens. He razed the fortifications of the Piraeus and burnt the arsenal and the docks lie utilized w hat was left of the Long Walls in building the mound against the city close to the Dipylum and he destroyed the city wall from the Dipylum to the Piraeus gate (Plut. Sulla, 14 Appian, Mithrid. 41 Strabo, 9, p. 396). Probably from that time the Piraeus fortifications and the Long Walls were a memory only. The extension of the 'city circuit occurred under the Eml>ei-or Hadrian. This enlargement of the city to the south and southeast is confirmed by the inscription on the gate of Hadrian, and by actual remains of the wall, which enable us to tract' its course. The extension measured nearly Ij miles. With the Hadrian Wall, the story of the ancient
:
232
fortifications is completed.
nected the northern part of the city with the Acropolis (see
1,
W.
Vischer,
B. Description.
and Judeich, Topographic, 103 and 154). The fortifications of Greater Athens naturally
shall treat in the following order
; :
fall
which we
(1)
The
and
city
1.
its
(3)
The Construction
with
port.
To determine
we must
on the
liter-
ary evidence, partly on the study of the configuration of the land and of extant remains.
in 1872-1874.
We
The Dipylum was a doidile gate, that is, there was an outer and an inner entrance, separated by an inclosed court about 133 feet long and each of these entrances consists of two gatfes, each about 11 feet wide, hinging on a pillar in the middle. The outer gate stands about 25 feet back from the outer surface of the city wall, and the approach to it is
;
Here Philip
;
So strong a defense was doubtless conmade it the most vulnerable of Macedon in 200 n.c. made his unsuccess-
through the outer gate into the court, where the missiles of the enemy
mound by which he
The same excavations brought to light what was taken to be another Dipylum at a distance of GO yards. Some have named it the Sacred Gate, but Dorpfeld believes it was merely an opengate, southwest of the
ing in the wall for the passage of the Eridanus, and that the term " Sacred
Gate "
is
it
the sacred
;
way
to Eleusis.
XIV,
f.)
so-called Sacred
erable remains of the old city walls-, consisting of an inner wall of polygonal limestone blocks nearly 8 feet thick, and an outer wall, built at a
later
outer and inner facing of conglomerate blocks with the space between
filled
with earth.
to the southwest
233
where
from the and is preserved in part to a height of sixteen courses. Northeast of the Dipylum the inner and the outer wall may be traced for about 55 and 40 yards respectively
times the height of 13 feet.
;
The
outer wall
about
'M)
feet distant
it
is
is
in a ruinous condition.
from Themistocles's
built
by
The
is
From Nymphs
the Athanasius
clearly
marked.
Thence
it
Nymphs,
this point
Beyond
we can
conjecture
its
literary evidence.
Thus the
summit
of
the Hill of the Muses, and probably included the terrace of the Olym-
pieum, the southeast corner of which seems to have formed the angle
whence the wall turned northward (see Strabo, 9, 404, and Judeich I.e.). Its course northward prol)ably extended in the direction of the present
English Church, thence northwestward on the line of the present Stadion
Street as far as the Police Court
on the 'O809
its
No/utr/naTOKOTretou,
where
presence.
Street, until
2.
In spite of the ruin effected by time and the hand of man, enough
The
from
and consists of carefully cut blocks of native limestone without mortar in some parts the wall is still .standing to a height of 9 feet, and is flanked
by towers at intervals of 55 to 66 yards. The mouths of the harbors were contracted by moles which ran out to meet each other and left only a narrow entrance between their extremities. Thus the harbor of Cantharus, which has a mouth 336 yards wide, was protected by moles each 141 yards in length, narrowing the entrance to about 54 yards. As Zea consisted of a circular basin extending inland with a mouth only about 108 yards broad, it needed less elaborate fortifications. Walls ran along the channel leading to the basin on each side,
234
and at the inner end of the channel on either side were towers of solid masonry built out into the water. Munychia, being semi-elliptical in shape, was originally altogether too accessible, and required extensive constructions to convert it into a harbor that was safe in time of war. Its moles have been regarded as the most magnificent specimen of ancient Greek The southern mole built on a reef is fortification that has survived. about 206 yards long the northern mole, resting partly on a spit of land, partly in the sea, is about 31 feet wide and 184 yards long. The entrance to the harbor, between towers terminating each mole, was 40 yards in
;
width.
tar,
were stretched
from tower
to tower.
The
wall run-
On
the
the landward side, the wall started from the northeast corner of the
coast a short distance northward, ascended
and followed the plateau first westward and then northward, connected with the Long Walls, then turned westward across a bight of the harbor, and then followed the rocky promontory of Eetionia southwestward to the sea. Four gates can be distinguished on the landward side, the principal one being just outside the northern Long Wall. The hill of Munychia was from early times the acropolis of Piraeus.
In the latter part of the sixth century a strong fortress was here con-
by the tyrant Ilippias (Arist. Resp. Ath. 38). After the Spartan it was seized by Thrasybulus and his band of patriots who restored the democracy. Demetrius Poliorcetes (294 B.C.) demolished the Munychian fortress, and built a fortress on the Museum hill at Athens. 3. Tliough but scant traces of the Long Walls can now be detected, remains were visible to seventeenth and eighteenth century travelers. In 1676 Wheler noticed the foundations in many places (Journey, p. 420). A century later Stuart (Wachsmuth, Stadt Athen, II, 188) saw remains of the walls 12 feet thick, with square towers at intervals. Leake (I, 295 if.) traced the foundations of the northern Long Wall for a mile and a half, beginning half a mile from the head of the great harbor, and running in the direction of the entrance to the Acropolis. These foundations, 12 feet
structed
occupation
Wall was not so easily traceable, except at its junction with the wall about Munychia, and for half a mile thence toward Athens. See Leake, I, 417 ff. The modern highroad from Athens to Piraeus, constructed in 1835, is largely laid on the foundations of the northern Long Wall (Wachsmuth, II, 188).
THE AGORA
of the
235
The southern Long Wall joined the landward Piraeus Wall directly north summit of the Munychia hill, and west of the Bay of Phalerum
;
the northern, where the Piraeus Wall turned westward, toward the north
of the harbor.
first
"
The northern
Xymphaeum
hill
summit
of the
Museum
Athens
is
as follows
;
Long
(p.
Walls), 43 stades
circuit
(iardner
71)
shows that, as judged by extant remains and geographic conditions, the circuit of the city wall as stated by Thucydides is far too great; the length of both the Long Walls is too short the figures given for the circuit of
;
Piraeus
is
about correct.
may be
adjusted by tak-
ing the figure for the city walls to include the portions of the Long Walls
down
where they became parallel, and where a cross-wall is marked in Roughly measured, the circuit of the old city wall was 28 stades the additional piece thus added is about 15 stades, making a total of 43 stades. This enables the two Long Walls to diverge more widely
to
Curtius's map.
;
might be
city of
left
undefended, as
port
Thucydides
states.
By
Athens and
its
were converted, a.s the orator Aristides says (13, vol. J, 305, ed. Dindorf) into one vast fortress a day's journey in circumference. Taking Thucydides's figures the total was 178 stades or nearly 20 miles.
EXCURSUS
IL
Agora
of
Athens and
its
which presents the most difliand about which there exists the most uncertainty. This is due to a number of causes. Of all parts of the city, the market-place and its neighborhood have been most sensitive to changes
Yet
it is
236
of population,
its
appearance
Greek,
Agora
of the fifth
dence of the destruction and decay that have here taken place.
Again, and relief-maps of Athens of the fifth century and of the twentieth century would show decided differences of level. Furthermore, while literary references to the market-place are numerous, they tell us of its life, of its frequenters and
lie
their occupations, but give scant information as to its site, its extent, and
Even Pausanias's and obscure, and throw little light on many questions of the utmost importance to modern scholars. Finally, archaeologists and topographers differ among themselves in
the relative location of
its
their interpretation of
tlie
testimony of antiquity.
iipon tlie description of the one authoi-ity, Paiisanias, they liave so differed in their interpretations of the
The topography
meantime we
A.
of the
Agora
it
it
will re-
In the
Historical Development
of
the Aijnra
The Agora
and commerThere are likewise many analogies in the historical and topographical development of the Agora and the Forum. Wlien the Greeks first established communities tliey were in danger of robbers by land and of pirates by sea. Hence they built their settlements
at all periods the centre of the political
cial life of
iipon a rock
which they
which the Acropolis of Athens became the most celebrated. The low ground nearest to the citadel became the place of parley and of barter
with neighboring tribes.
And
term
first
the king
or chief, then the place of such gathei-ings, and later the general place of
Thucydides
lying under
the Acropolis constituted the primitive city, together with the ground
it,
the location of a
number
of ancient sanctuaries,
Fig.
1.
(Antike Denhndler,
II, 37)
THE AGORA
furnished water for the early inhabitants.
237
this
it
From
the hollow ground to the southwest of the Acroixjlis, bounded by the Are-
hills,
was the
with
its
site of
Roman Forum
tive cults, there
primi-
became the place of parley and of barter, the embryo centre of the later jwlitical and commercial life of Rome. Thus the Agora, at first a place of truce-making and of buying and selling, became with the growth of the city the place for law courts, for for in ancient times law and shrines of the gods, for business centres religion and commerce went hand in hand. But as society became more highly organized, the Agora for business would gradually separate from the Agora of iolitics and religion, and thus the territory covered by the various activities of the market-place would gradually spread.
We can trace
in general
terms the
The
shift-ed northward and westward. Hence, as law and politics and business demanded greater accommodations, the Areopagus became the ceutre round which the market spread, chiefly round its western slope, until the district lying north and northwest of it was entirely devoted to public buildings. The political Agora naturally kept as much as ix)ssible to its old haunts, while the business Agora spread in a northwesterly direction, toward
the Dipylum.
is
and of others, but rather as a long tlie avenue from the Dipylum, northwest limit east of this liill and
;
it
stretched roiuid
the western slope of the Areopagus and embraced the older sites between
endeavor to
Pnyx and extending toward the Acropolis. AVe shall now and Monuments meutioned Itij Pausnnias. locate the buildings and monuments mentioned by Pausanias.
Pausanias entered Athens at the Dipylum, and proceeded along the Dro-
mos, a broad avenue extending in a southeasterly direction, until he entered the Ceramicus at the foot of the Colonus Agoraeus. He then mentions as the
first
its
imme-
diate neighborhood the Colonnade of Zeus the Deliverer and the temple of
hill, as
facing
p.
236.)
238
appear
to
have
this
stood at the southern end of the market-place, just at the northern foot
Above
group of buildings on the northern slope of the Areopagus stood the statues of the Eponynii. Pausanias now follows the main thoroughfare round the
western slope of the Areopagus, with these buildings to his
site,
left,
while oppo-
<'
orchestra," were
temple of Eucleia
(p. 251),
i't
^are
As
hill,
is
there argued
the
Enneacnmus
Pnyx
little
the
Odeum
near
to the south
of the Areopagus,
farther on.
After visiting the Eucleia shrine, Pausanias turns directly back and
gives us a clew to his
visits are aVjove
movements by
monuments he next
These are the
Colonus
hill,
as
shown
in
once more enters the market-place and describes three objects whose
has aroused considerable discussion
site
exact site of the three depends upon (1) the site of the buildings earlier mentioned, (2) the point at which Pausanias again entered the
(:]) whether we assume that the Agora was single in its form or double, consisting of a business and a political section. Another factor to be taken into consideration is one not mentioned by Pausanias, namely a row of Hermae noted in Harpocration s.v. 'Epfua:
The
market-place, and
Epfud Kakovjxti/oi. Other important passages for the solution of this important topographical question are Xen. Hipparch. 3, 2, where the Hermae are mentioned as the starting and conclud(XTro
yap
elcriv ol
Hermae run?
Trag. 33,
Schol. Aristophanes, Eq. 297, which Hermes Agoraeus stood Iv fJitfrr] rrj ayopa and Lucian Jupp. which locates the Hermes as 6 ayopalos 6 Trapa rrjv ttoiklXtjv.
; ;
THE AGORA
The
Ilarjwcration passage has been variously interpreted, and
tlie
239
theo-
ries as to
the market-place, liave turned largely on the direction given the row
of
Hermae.
1.
Some
take
it
to
mean
Hermae connected
1 1,
the Royal
2"),
.Stadtgesch. p. 170),
who
nade of Attains.
the Attains
2.
The market-gate he locates between the Painted and Colonnades, with the Hermes Agoraeus just before it.
tt)i>ographers,
Many
border of the market, north of the Royal Colonnade, the gate between the
two
halls,
with the Agoraeus close by, and the row of Hermae extending
across the
Sec
Wachsmuth,
p. 12.
I,
201
if.,
De Foro,
8. Lolling (p. 314) and Miss Harrison (p. 12(i) locate the Painted Colonnade on the northern boundary of the market the former has the Hermae running from the market-gate right and left to the two Colonnades Miss Harrison, however, has it meet at its right corner the north side of the Colonnade of Attains, while west of this is the gate with the
; ;
in
the northwest corner of the market, one eastward to the Painted Colon-
Thus
nade.
there
is
The
choice seems to
ea.st side,
side
below the Colonnade of Attains. The advantage of the latter hypothesis is that it permits the row of Hermae to run from west to east, dividing the market into a jwlitical and a commercial section, the Colonnade of Attains being at the southeast corner of the latter. This would account for Pausanias's failure to mention this Colonnade, and this view is perhaps open to fewest ol)jections. Rut tlie whole question is pi"obhalf of the just
lematical,
settled, if at all,
by excavations.
hij
D.
Sites
the
Paiisanids.
Pausanias
now
the gymnasium of Ptolemy and the we know as to their site from Pausanias is that they were near each other and "not far from the Agora." Further cm he comes to the Anaceum or sanctuary of the Dioscuri, while near at hand just above the Anaceum lay the ]>recinct of Aglaurus, the site of which can be approximately determined, and which serves as a fixed jK^int for the
sanctuary of Theseus.
All
240
determination of
the
monuments mentioned
as in its vicinity.
is
About
by the Arrephori
Hence the monuments previously mentioned were at intervals north of the Acropolis and east of the Agora. Hard by was the Prytaneum, the centre and hearth of the state. As Pausanias is movslope of the Acropolis.
it
probably lay a
little to
and
it
doubtless stood
leaves
it
since
when Pausanias
Sites
of de-
and Monuments of
Pausanias.
It is
natural that Pausanias should not mention every building and statue in the
region of the Agora, especially as he leaves the commercial market altogether out of consideration.
list
of objects
known from
i.
The Colonnade
which exten-
The Colonnade
of which is still which stand a row of detached Corinthian columns, originally eighteen in number. iii. A Propylaeum of four columns, known as the Propylaeum of Athena Archegetis, regarded as the entrance to a Roman market-place. The gate and broken columns of the market still stand south of the Hadrian Colonnade. iv. The Tower of the Winds, or the Horologium of Andronicus Cyrrhestes, one of the most conspicuous extant monuments of Athens, east
of the Acropolis
of the
V.
Roman
market-place.
of the Twelve Gods, erected by Pisistratus in the marketwhich the various roads of Attica converged and from which miles were measured. Of this there are no remains and the site is uncertain. vi. The Leocorium, in the neighborhood of which Ilarmodius and Aristogiton slew Hipparchus. Its site, though it cannot be definitely fixed, was certainly in the Agora. F. The Commercial Acjora. The commercial market surrounded the political Agora on all sides excepting the south, as we conclude from Pausanias 's description, from certain approximately determined limits of the market, and from the site of the Colonnade of Attalus. More accurate boundaries cannot be determined. We must regard the whole commercial
place, to
The Altar
THE AGORA
sected
241
by narrow streets, lined with stalls or booths. At least in classical had this form, and preserved it in large measure in Hellenistic and Roman times. The sections for shops were called kvkXoi (Harpocr., Hesych.,
times
it
s.v. kvk\o<;,
(TKiyvai
Suid. s.v. kvkXoi, Schol. Ar. Eq. 137, Poll. 10, 18, 82, etc.), or
a-KrjviTrj^,
Dem.
Hipp. Min.
p.
308
Theoph. Char.
3, 13),
9, 4),
of the merchants.
The
market-halls
came
and
jireviously to that
in the bazaar of to-day, only certain goods were sold in certain kvand the sections took the name of the goods offered for sale in them. Unfortunately, we cannot determine the exact location of any of them, exkXoi,
As
23, 6 a-iSrjpo^
Xen. Hell.
3, 3, 7),
and iron market (to. )(aXKa, Bekk. Anecd. I, 31 f>, on the Market hill, and the rag market,
tlie
Agora (Hesych. s.v. KepKWTrwv ayopd). The names of the kvkXol preserved to us are very numerous.
This
is
The
general
1,
name
vision
oij/ov
(Aeschin.
65 Schol.).
.
Provisions
kvkXoi, as e.g.
meats (ra
Dem.
i>),
L)(6v(.<i,
Alciphr. Ep.
1, 3, 2).
and that
for cheap sea fish (at /xe/M/SpaSes, Ar. Vesp. 493, etc.).
In the vegetable market (ra Xd^ava, Ar. Lys. 557, etc.), were separate
stalls
Kpop-p-va,
Eustath. Od.
260), etc.
We
An
might name
(to.
(j(XiafM<i Tvp6<i,
lottery (aX ^vrpai, Ar. Lys. 557), clothing dyopd, Poll. 7, 78), etc.
(at Tpdnt^ai,
(oi iTrTToi,
lyuiaTioTrwXts
or oTreipoTrwAis
to the
esi)ecial
place
was assigned
bankers
There was, finally, also a horse market Theophr. Char. 23, 7) and a slave market (to. avSpdiroBa, Poll. 7,
Theophr. Char.
5).
circles
great territory covered by the commercial market, apart from the and rows of booths, was itself intersected by streets, dwellings, and public buildings. Most prominent of all were the streets leading to the
The
242
known
especially
4-6).
gate,
of Eubulides.
hill.
Another
fixed point
The northern
boundary
lined the
From the Dipylum to the Market, colonnades is uncei'tain. Dromos, before which were bronze statues of eminent men and
1, 2, 4, cf.
women
(Pans.
Himerius,
3, 12).
They served
as places of barter
and trade, which alternated with sanctuaries mentioned by Pausanias. Of the places on the southern side of the Dromos we hear nothing from Pausanias, but near the end of the Dromos we may with certainty set the Long Colonnade (MaKpa Sroa). This was doubtless the sanie as tlie Sloa Alj)hi(oj)olis, the great grain-hall of Athens. On the Market hill directly behind the Long Colonnade was the Hephaesteum. On the southwest corner of the hill was located the Eurysaceum (C.I. A. IV, 2, 597 d 22), in which the son of Salaminian Ajax was honored. What we know of the territory north and east of the Dromos all arranges itself apparently along the old street extending from the Thriasian
gate.
EXCURSUS
III.
ITS
There is great truth in Leake's statement (Topography, p. 45) that " the fountain Enneacrunus is the most important point in Athens for the
elucidation of the topography of Pausanias."
The
by Pausanias in 1, 14, 1, has involved many other important monuments and has occasioned so much debate that the so-called " Enneacrunus Episode " has called forth a vast amount of literature and a coimtless mimber of divergent views from classical scholars and archaeologists.
Fortunately, the actual discovery of the original Callirrhoe and the investigation into the system of water-works installed
result of Dr.
by
Pisistratus
work
have
the
made
many
possess it seems Yet they did not have the benefit of those excavations which have made pre-Persian Athens almost as well known to us as the Athens of the Periclean age.
topography to disappear.
surprising
With
we now
how
ENNEACRUNUS
The
thoroughly discussed by Miss Harrison (who i>resents Dr.
in her latest
I)oii)f('ld's
243
will
points at issue and the results attained, referring the reader to this
for the
work
all
arguments.
As
my
statement
is
largely a
sumplace
earlier tojx)graphers
was
this
The
Enneacrunus,
monuments should be
and
its
neighbor-
hood
the celebrated
sanctuaries.
The
1.
may
hold
that the Enneacrunus was certainly in the valley of the Ilissus, an<l believe
it
are
some reason inserted here out of the t()pograj)hical order. Various tlieories are propounded to justify the break in the narrative. 2. Wachsmuth, Frazer, and others who agree with Leake as to the jiositioji of the Enneacrunus, but who cannot accept so great a deviation from the topographical order in Pausanias's description, think that Pausanias must have seen or been shown .some other spring close to the end of the Agora, which he mistook for Enneacrunus.
3.
nus within the limits of the Agora, adjacent to the Pnyx hill. Proving his faith by his works, he made excavations to find it, and in so doing he
has not only discovered what he believes to be the fountain Callirrhoe-
by
Pisistratus.
The
lis
;
difficulties
244
changed
named
Callirrhoe, one of
its
which
that
its
name, with
enlarged functions, to
Enneacrunus
and
have laid
bare and explained the Pisistratean water-system and proved the accuracy
of Pausanias.
In this Excursus
it
A. Anciknt
Writers on Enneacrunus
is
1. The famous passage in Thucydides, 2, 15, 3-G,^ Before the synoikismos under Theseus, " what is
to this effect
now
fjv,
the Acropolis
was the
south "
jiolis,
is
r}
below
it,
(^t6
0 irpb tovtov
aK^ooTroXis
as a detail or afterthought.
Then
follow
many
statement.
i(TTi,
reKfi-^piov 8e
to.
yap lepa
"
The
Then proceeding
"
kol to.
KUL TO
Trj<; Trj<;
And
of
Zeus Olympius, and the Pythium, and that of Ge, and that of Dionysus
The
fiepo^
votov above,
is
obviously incorrect.
Thucydides
is
namely the Acropolis and its slopes especially southby naming certain primitive shrines in or near this "Furthermore," he proceeds, "other ancient sanctuaries are
it
Then
follows the
twv Tvpavviav
ovawv K.aXXipp6r)
v8aTL
1
wvofjui<Tp.ivr],
Ikuvol tc eyyi/s
ovo'rj to.
yapLKW kol e? dXXa twv Upiov vofu^eTai tuI " And the spring which is now called Enneacrunus, from
(190.5),
ff.
;
274
ff.
.S2.5 ff.
(1907), 25
ff.
ENNEACRUXUS
the form given to
245
it by the tyrants, but which formerly, when the wells was named Callirrhoe this sjning, being near [i.e. to the Acropolis district], they used for the most important purjHjses, and even now it is still the custom derived from the ancient (habit) to use the water before weddings and for other sacred purposes." The concluding sentence adds an argument from the local use of language KaAtirui, 84 8ta rrjv
were
visible,
17
aK/jOTroAis
is still
"And
to this
especially
but not entirely towards the south, as could in a loose and jKipular way be regarded as actually pertaining to and included in the Acroi)olis.
Thucydides states that those ancient sanctuaries which are outside are
placed towards this part of the city more than elsewhere and that the
Enneacrunus
It
is
near.
it,
Hence
his
irkyj-
(TLOv 0 crTi
oiJtw
UtLaiarpdrov
p.6vrj.
<f>paTa jxev
yap
Trj<:
vuol 8c
vnep
rr/v
iariv ayaXpxi.
way
that suggests,
though
it
known
as
In section 5 Pausanias remarks, " .Still farther on is a temple of Eucleia " (In 8c diriDTepu) i/aos EwActas). Hence the narrative
the Eleusinium.
of Pausanias calls for evidence as to the site of (1) the
Odeum.
("J)
the
iirl
(:})
the temple of
all of
which were
in the
Enneacrunus neighborhood.^
"^
Other imix)rtaiit passages bearing on Callirrhoe are as follows: Hdt. (5, 137 avrol AOyjvaioi X^yovffi (pOLrav yap dd rds ffcfxTipai Ovyar^pas
: . . .
iir
v5wp
rrjv Kvi'fdKpovvoi'
246
B. Sites of
Neighborhood of Enneacruxus
This is one of the sanctuaries luentioned in the 1. The Objmpkum. passage of Thucydides as being "outside " the Acropolis, but towards this
part of the city
(to. e^co tt/dos
tovto to
tlie
jxipoii
sanctuaries of
tlie gi-eat
Ge and
of Dionysus
where
precinct of Olympian
with which also a Pythium is Mas inferred that this was the sanctuary Thucydides had in mind if this is too remote we must show there is evidence for another Olympieum and another Pythium in Athens, adjacent Zeus near the
Ilissus is described in detail,
associated.
Till recently it
;
to the Acropolis.
of the Acropolis,
Dorpfeld
Strabo,
cites, as
9,
p. 404,
watched the Harma on Mt. Cithaeron for the lightning ano t^s i<r)(a.pa<; tov acTTpaTraiov Aid? which is v tuJ TL)(a /xeTa^v tov HvOlov koI tov 'OAv/xttiou. There is convincing evidence of a Pythium on the Long Rocks northwest
of the Acropolis,
Acropolis Wall.
it
Though
thei-e are
to the
site of
which has
been determined.
virb T<f 'T/XT/fTcr^)
.
^laffOal arcpeai.
fxoi
Kvvda-apyes Kal
yevoixivifj fxoi
Kara
'l\i<rffbi>
KaWipporjv
Etymol. Magn.
Ka\\ipp6ri
iffKev.
s.v. ISvvedKpovvos
Kp-qvn)
'
A.dr)vrj<ri.
irpirepov
790, 2)
TloKv^-qKos A-qfiorvvSiipeij} Sk
I, p.
"
i'^et
may
from a confusion of the Callirrhoe with the Enneacrunus tradition. By work was compiled, the old Callirrhoe at the Pnyx had been long forgotten. Over against tliis set tlie statement of another lexicographer, Suidas, s.v.
result
vviJ.(f)iKa
\ovTpd.
dyopas dirb
:
Kprjvrjs \afM^av6fj,voi.
iirCsv
twv
pev/jidruv
certainly an allusion to the Enneacrunus, though the poet speaks of twelve instead of
TapavrXvos dk
Iffropet
A0r)valovs
^f'LiyT)
KweaKpovvov
Affrv
diravTa-
ktX., discussed
rd iK rrjs Attiktjs et's rb by Miss Harrison, pp. 154-156, who shows that
tells of
the
Olympieum
a story told
by others
ENNEACRUNUS
2.
247
named
l)y
The Pythium.
The
Pythiiini
is
Thucydides
Pausanias
(1, 10, 1)
speaks of ar
8c
iiiia.y;e
of AjioUo
dyaXfxd iariv
of
we know there
But
Pausanias (1, 28, 4) speaks of ' a sanctuary of Ajxjllo in a cave " on the Acro]>olis slope, and another writer
applies to
is it
the
name
of
Pythium (cf. Philostr. Vit. Soph. 2, 1, 7, where it by the ship in the Panathenaic procession
was from the Ceramicus to the Eleusinium, tlien round the Eleusiuium and past the Pelargicum to the Pythium, where the shij) was n)oored). As Pausanias (1, 29, 1) says the ship was kejit near the Areopagus, this cannot well be the Pythium on the Ilissus. Cf. also Eur. Ton, 7 ff., 285 ff., where the caves of the Long Rocks are made the scene of the nuptials of Ajiollo and Creusa.
actual cave of Apollo has also been found and thoroughly cleared and numerous votive offerings with in.scriptions have come to light which make the identification certain. The Olympieum probably lay some what east of the Pythium, but there is no archaeological evidence to jirove it. It .stands or falls with the Pythium. .See ^liss Harrison, Primitive Athens,
out,
The
The Sanctuary of
(le.
This
is
Thu(Je
temenos of
Olympieum
and
in 1, 22, 3
in de-
scribing his approach to the Propylaea along the southern sloj)e of the
Acropolis.
The sanctuary
It is
of
Ge was probably
The OtU'um (V&n^. 1,8,0; 1, 14, 1). This is the first object of int<M-est mentioned by Pausanias after leaving the statues of Ilarmodius and Aristogiton on the northwest
feld in A. in
sloi)e of
the Areopagus.
Frazer (note
I.e.),
Dorji-
and Judeich (To]>ographie, 312) agree concluding that " the theatre called Odeum " (Pans. 1, 8, 0) was idenxvii (18!)2), 252-200,
M.
tical
in
Agrippeum nuMitioned by
it
8, 4).
Dorpfeld thinks
occu2)ied the
248
site of
Tim. Lex.
crunus and adjacent structures along the llissus consider this a suburban
Odeum, situated in Agrae. There are no definite data The two other well-known Odeums are the Odeum of
theatre (Pans. 1,
'20,
such a
site.
4)
and the Odeum of lierodes Atticus on the southern '< Xear the Odeum," says Pausanias, "is a foun-
" Above
is
a temple
(1, 11,
of
in the other
is
and says he purposed to describe all the objects "in the sanctuary at Athens called the Eleusinium," but was prevented by a vision in a dream.
1-3).
All
who
see in
llissus distinguish
tlieni in
were celebrated (see Milchh. S. Q. xxiv). Dr. Dorpfeld and Miss Harrison, on the contrary, believe that the two temples were comprised in the Eleusinium. Judeich, p. 257, locates the temples somewhere
south of the Areo^tagus, but asserts they were not in the Eleusinium.
site of
Tlie
the Eleusinium
is
and west of the Acropolis. Cf. Clem. Alex. Protrept. the Eleusinium " which was beneath the Acropolis "
2, 1,
.5,
who
speaks of
who
"the ship,
starting
oars, sailed
up
to the Eleu-
made
the circuit of
it,
The
is
T'emple of Eucleia.
"Further
tlie
on"
(ert 8e ctTrwrepw),
account of
says Pausa"
who
Them,
l.j,
22)."
temI.e.)
of Eucleia
on
tlie left
bank
of the llissus.
Ilitzig-Bluemner (note
is
EXNEACRUNUS
the identification as improvable and
ini probable,
249
but locates the temple
somewhat
7.
distant from the Triptolenms temple, and certainly not far from
The Dionysium
in
Limnit.
("2,
This
is
tioned by Thucydides
up to this jwint in the discussion there have develo])ed in different localities two Callirrhoes, two sanctuaries of Zeus, two of Apollo, two of Ge, two or more of the Eleusinian deities, two or more Odeums, and two Eucleias. Fortiuiately there is only one Dionysium in Limnis, and if
We observe that
site of this
we have the key to the whole topographmany sites assigned to it. The early
tojxigraphers and the latest authority on the Dionysiac cult, Paul Foucart (LeCultede Dionysos en Attique, Paris, 190.")), locate it in the Dionysus precinct containing the theatre, on the southwest slope of the Acropolis. Others located it in the Ilissus neighborhood or outside the city. Dr. Dorpfeld, on the contrary, is firmly convinced that he has excavated its site and determined the authenticity of it in the territory excavated by the German school, between the Areopagus, Pnyx, and Acro^xilis. Miss Harrison devotes pp. 83-100 of Primitive Athens to proving this identification and to
The
precinct in question
is
laitl
bare by
It is tri-
is
styles of construction
to the quadrangular.
of
two
jiarts,
the smaller.
a snuill temple
northern
press.
jiart is
a wine-
Above a considerable portion of the precinct a building of Roman date, which contained a large
columns, dividing
it
and two
aisles.
was found
an
altar decorated
of a
column on which
Xo
an inscription giving the statutes of a club of pername of the hall to be inscriptions of an earlier date were found anywhere
is
and no orchestra has come to light. The altar, the wineand the small ttMuple of very early date are taken as sufficient evidence that this is the Dionysium in Limnis.
250
that the i-eader feels impelled to accept their conclusions without hesitation
;
but when he reviews once more the literary evidence cited by them
ap])lies strictly to
any more than do the archaeDionysium in Limnis, what is it then ? This question I am not prepared to answer, but I shall summarize the arguments to prove that the Dionysium in Limnis was embraced mthe Dionysiac precinct on the southwest slope of the Acropolis, referring
afford conclusive proof of this identification,
If this precinct is not the
the reader to
my paper
fuller statement.
1.
The
three of which
we have
;
Olympieum
Pythium west
of
it,
the sanctuary of
Ge
on the southwest then follows the Dionysium in Limnis in regular order from northwest to southeast, and here it is on the southeast slope. This
order suggests that Thucydides was thinking of the site of the Dionysiac
theatre,
and not a locality some distance away southwest of tlie Areopagus. Did not Thucydides add the phrase Trpos votov fjidXiara, "chiefly to the
south," so as to include this site?
2.
Pausanias
Trpos
rw
Otarpio to
ap^aioTarov
Itpov, kt\.
The
ap^atorepa Aiovvcriaol
Tliucydides passage
were celebrated
TaTov lepov was
tw
tw Oedrpw. Though Pausanias does not mention the Dionysium in Lininis by name, he doubtless had the Thucydides passage in mind, and the Pseudo-Demosthenes passage serves as a connecting link to
justify this intei-pi-etation.
3.
I hold
with M. Foucart
(p. 109), in
Frogs (218
ff.),
7]v dfx<pl ^vffrjiov
I
Ai6s AiSvvffov iv
\
\Lfj.vais iax'Tlffafxev
t)vIx
o Kpanra\6Kii>ixos
Xwpe? Kar
ifjibv
is
itself,
The word
Ai/xvat
sacred
^iools,
The statement
opened once only
round which Xantliias runs instead of crossing in a ferry boat. that the sanctuary of Dionysus in the Marshes was
in each year
on the 12th
of the
month Anthesterion,
as
ENNEACRUNUS
given in Ps. -Demosthenes
I.e., is
251
precinct
which contained
also
no conclusive objection to this interprewas probably closed, not the whole sacred the orchestra and the temple of Dionysus
Eleuthereus.
C.
J^xcavations
Excavations
Ilissus
made
in the
bed of the
on the traditional
site of
name Enneacrunus.
lX)int out, these
no con-
an
artistic
and there are no traces of treatment and no evidence whatever that the work was of an
early date.
s(jlution to the
Enneacrunus problem.
artificial
It is
Pnyx
It
has been reenforced by water from the district of the Ilissus, brought in a
That these remains by the materials, the stamps, and the similarity of construction with other Pisistratean buildings and with the fountains of Alegara and Corinth of similar date. The plan gives the general disposition of the place of the Enneacrunus, showing the spring Callirrhoe in the Pnyx rock, the large reservoir, immediately in front of it the draw-well, and to the right of the reservoir, and e(iually fed by it, the fountain house, Enneacrunus. In front of the fountain house is a great open space, which was at one time the heart and centre of
artificial fountain.
is
indicated
the Agora.
Conclusion
On
following inferences
1.
(liHI.")),
1-64.
252
2.
with Enneacruuus, there were primitive sanctuaries of Olympian Zens, of Pythian Apollo, and of Ge, on the Acropolis slopes as well as along the
Ilissus,
to the
former
;
the
Odeum was
tuaries of the Eleusinian deities both west of the Acropolis, south of the
Ilissus,
if
Eucleia
if
is
imcertain
it,
either
where
more probably it is identical with the theatre precinct where Pausanias locates the most ancient sanctuary of Dionysus.
3.
The
the water supply of ancient Athens, together with the testimony of ancient
writers, afford conclusive evidence that the site of the Enneaci'unus of Pisis-
tratus has been identified at the foot of the east slope of the
Pnyx
hill.
EXCURSUS
It has
IV.
THE THESEUM
situ-
known as Colonus Agoraeus, on which Doric temple commonly known as the Theseum now stands. Xow
:
Pausanias informs us
Hence it seems evident that the temple of Hephaestus " above " the Agora and Royal Colonnade must have
/SaaiXcLov vaos iariv 'ilcf)aiaTov (1, 14, G).
been on this
hill.
Add
(s.v.
KoXdovcVas)
that the Hephaesteum and the Eurysaceum stood on the Colonus Agoraeus
near the Agora, and that the Eurysaceum was in the quarter Melite
T!,vpv(TaKeiov)
,
(s.v.
to the west
and south-
Colonus Agoraeus,
standing there,
it
still
known
as the
Theseum,
is
It
THE
The
so-called
TIIESEl'M
in nulls.
It
253
stands upon
Theseum
is
a peripteral hexastyle
st^'ps
The building is 104 feet long, and io feet wide. and rear are six Doric columns, and at the sides are thirteen, the corner columns being twice counted. The columns are 10 feet in lieight, varying in diameter from '4 feet
To
front
tliey are
accordingly
somewhat more
tion
is
The
intercolumnia-
frieze of triglyjihs
only a few
Above the
is
l20
antae
at each end a pair of columiLs occupied the space between the antae.
tured reliefs, namely, the ten on the east front, and the four on the north
(1)
;
The metx)'i)es of the east The scenes from left to right are Heracles and the Nemean lion (2) Heracles and the Ler; ;
; ;
and the Cerynaean hind (4) Heracles and the Erymanthian boar (5) Heracles and the horses of Diomedes (0) Heracles and Cerberus (7) Heracles and Hippolyta, queen of the Amazons (S) Heracles and Eurytion (10) Heracles and one of the (9) Heracles and Geryon
naean hydra
(8) Heracles
;
; ;
Hesperides.
The
Those on the
;
soulli side,
(1)
(2)
Theseus
and the bull of Marathon (o) The.-eus and the robber Sinis (4) Theseus and Procrustes. Those on the north, beginning from the east, are (1) Theseus and the robber Periphetes (2) Theseus and the Arcadian Cercyon (8) Theseus and Sciron (4) Theseus and the C'rommyonian sow. There is also a scidptured frieze at each end of the cella, over the inner
;
:
columns, the western frieze extending merely from anta to anta, while the eastern frieze extends beyond the antae to meet the ejiistyle. The west
frieze is
about
2'>
feet long
is
is
about
^57
feet long.
The
;
of
the latter, a battle fought in the jireseuce of six seated deities divided into
two groups
of three each.
The
subject
is
uncertain.
254
The
after, or
sculptures
is
middle of the
century b.c.
but whetlier
it falls is
disputed.
Dorpfeld and
because of
its
The
sculptures, furthermore,
favor the later date, as for example the resemblances between the west
frieze of this
Similarly certain
Attic vase-paintings suggest the later date, as the metopes are frequently
imitated on Attic vases, but never of an earlier date than 430 b.c, whereas
the Parthenon dates from 447-432 b.c.
style of the
It
pupils of
Myron
Frazer thus summarizes the arguments for and against the view that
this Doric
temple
actually the
(1, 17,
2-6), Trpos 8e
T/aews
Upov, ktX.
In favor of
some centuries
Theseum
(2) the
and Lapiths, which Theseus took jiart (3) the fact that the inside walls are covered with stucco, which suggests that they were once embellished with paintings, as we know from Pausanias to have been true of the Theseum. In regard to (1), the anonymous author of a Greek tract on the
of the west frieze, representing the contests of Centaurs
in
;
was the
first
writer in
modern times
Theseum.
with the
Henceforth the temple bore this name without question until the middle
of the nineteenth century,
1, 8, 2),
it
the traveler
The arguments
against
its
The heroum
Theseum and
being the Theseum are, (1) Theseus was of the latter was always sharply dis-
and
6) for the
a heroic shrine.
(2) This
temple, as
we have
seen,
Theseum was
1, 17, 6, note).
Cimon and seems to have been begun not later than (3) The evidence as to the site of the Theseum
I.e.) is in
favor of
THE thesp:um
placing
it to
255
(4)
The
metopes and at
is
least
one of
the temples, as e.g. the labors of Heracles on the metopes of the temple
of Zeus at Olympia, and the Centaurs on the Parthenon metopes.
On
is
then, the
Theseum,
to
tem]le dedicated?
it
Wachsmuth and
and Milclihoefer make it a temple of Apollo the But that temple, as we have seen (see 1, 3, 4, note), was in the Agora. (4) Lange would regard it as the sanctuary of Aj)hrodite Urania (Paus. 1, 14, 7, note), and (5) Dr. Dyer conjectured it might have been
(3) Kohler, Loeschke,
Paternal.
Amazons (see Plut. Theseus, 27). (0) Finally, the made by Pervanoglu, to identify the so-called Theseum
(1, 14,
(5),
has been
Arguments
(1) It
fits
in favor of the
We know from
Pausanias that
and the Royal Colonnade, and from other sources that together with the Eurysaceum it stood on the hill Colonus Agoraeus. The hill on which
the so-called
Theseum
hill.
The
it
tlie Eurysaceum. As this temple is a was the Hephaesteum. (2) There was
An
inscription of
440-410
an image to Hejihaestus.
may be
said that, as
we have
to have often had little or no relation to the god of the temple, while the pediment sculptures, which generally had a direct reference to the temple
256
tlieni
with the
Hephaestus legend.
The balance
and we
of probabilities, therefore,
known
as the
Theseum,
EXCURSUS
V.
THE OLYMPIEUM
broad plateaii to the southeast of the Acropolis, lorm one of the most conspicuous features in the landscape of Athens.
groui)S
:
separated
from these by a gap of 100 feet are three others, two standing, one prosDuring the Middle Ages the name given these remains of antiquity trate. was the palace of Hadrian among the modern Greeks the ruin is popularly
;
known as SUies Kolonmies (ets rats KoAdwats, '"at the columns"). The grounds for identifying these massive ruins with the 01ym})ieum are fortunately beyond doubt. (1) The great size of the columns and of
the foundation of the structure comports with the statements of Livy
(41, 20, 8,
unum
in terris
inchoatum pro magnitudine dei) and of Ariswho compares tliem with the works of the Cypselidae in
Samos. (2) Vitruvius says that the temple of Olympian Zeus was dipteral of the Corinthian order (7, praef. 1.), 17) and octostyle (o, 1, 8), as is the
(3) Pansanias states tliat the p(!ribolus was full of statues of and among the ruins luive been found many bases with dedicatory inscriptions to this emperor (C.I. A. Ill, 479-482, 484, 48(), 487,
case here.
Hadrian
'491, 494).
(4)
The four
m. in length, which
agrees roughly with Pausanias' statement (1, 18, 6) that the whole inclosure
in cii'cuit.
And,
finally,
(.">)
named
:
site was hallowed from the earliest time, for here, as says Pausawas the primitive sanctuary of Zens founded by Deucalion in the neighborhood of tlie cleft through which the water of the flood disap-
The
nias,
peared.
eai-ly
times to a
temple in which was kept the bron/e statue of Zeus mentioned by Pausanias.
we
are considering
THE OLYMPIEUM
belongs to three epochs separated by long intervals
:
257
(1) under Pisistratus (3) lyider the
and
his sons;
Roman Emperor
About 530
Hadrian.
began on this
site
the erection of
Samos and
tes,
of
Artemis at Ephesus.
He employed
is
Pormus (Vitruv.
evident from
5,
The
its
original style
colossal size.
its
early date
and
temple was a device of the tyrant to keep the minds of the people diverted from revolutionary projects. The work was stopped at the expulsion of
the Pisistratidae in 510 B.C., and
it is
impossible to determine
how
far
it
had progressed.
The
of the
interval
was
disregarded, and
we have no mention
174: ii.c.,
whatever in
to
classical literature.
At length, about
ticulars.
Antiochus determined
own
expense.
Vitruvius
A Roman
;
super-
ornamentation
with a
The death
of Antiochus [nit
an end
to the
work,
which mvist have been very far advanced. From the evidence of the earlier Greek taste seen in the carving of the capitals and the curve of the abacus, the extant columns belong to this period, and we may conclude that the entire peristyle was set up by Antiochus. Much, however, remained to be done certainly the roofing, the finishing of the interior, the sculptural embellishment of the whole. Yet almost
unchanged.
(Solon,
:V2)
Strabo speaks of
it
(0, p.
30G) as half-finished
Plutarch
;
and an unfinished Avork Lucian (Icarom. 24) represents Zeus as impatiently asking whether the Athenians ever meant to complete his temple. Sulla in <S0 B.C. carrieil off
it
compares
to Plato's Critias as
Rome
(Pliny, N. H.
45).
finally
Dio Cass. (59, 1(5 Schol. Lucian I.e.) 1, 25, and was dedicated by him in person during his second visit in Athens in
258
130 or 131 A.D.
Emperor, the
sojihist
Polemo, the
most popular orator of the day, delivered the inaugural address. The temple was dedicated to the honor and worship of Hadrian as it was of Zeus. Pausanias saw the temple in its full beauty, and it is unfortunate
that he gives so
bi-ief
a description of
is
it.
The
cause of
we know
the
AVhen Cyriacus of Ancona visited Athens about 1150 A.D., only '^1 columns were standing with their architraves (Wachsniuth. Die Stadt Athen, I, 127). These had been reduced to 17 in the seventeenth century, and about 1700 the Turkish governor pulled down one of these to make lime for building a mosque. Of the surviving sixteen, the prostrate column was thrown down by a hurricane in 1852. The temple rested on a platform of solid masonry, strengthened with
destruction.
buttresses
on the south
side.
This platform
is
broad.
The
The
])eristyle
rows of 20 each on the northern and southern sides, and trijile rows of 8 each at the east and west ends. The columns were 56 feet 7 inches in
height, and 5 feet 7 inches in diameter at the base, with 24 flutings.
total height of the front is estimated to
The
have been 91
feet.
The
existing
columns are of Pentelic marble. The thirteen surmounted by the architrave are at the southeastern angle the remaining three, one of which has fallen, are of the interior row of the southern side not far from the southwest corner, and are at a distance of about 100 feet from the thirteen mentioned. The excavations of ]\Ir. Penrose laid bare walls and pavement and a
;
unfluted
drums
of large
columns of
of these
attrib-
These are
mated
of
still
and 50
feet wide.
The
that of the later temple, which was exactly east and west.
earlier date, of
rough wall
259
VI.
The remains
the orchestra, a portion of the stone seats and retaining-walls of the auditorium, and the front of the late
stage buildings, but
Roman
what
is left is sufficient
the best-known of
we
are
provisional character.
when dramatic
acme under
went great development and reached the form which obtained in its main features during its subsequent history. According to a statement made by Suidas (s.v. H/auTiVas) the first permanent theatre was erected in consequence of an accident which occurred in 01. 70 (.")00-497 h.c). Aeschylus, Pratinas, and Choerilus were contending for the tragic prize, when the wooden benches (iKpia) on which the spectators were seated collapsed. This led the Athenians to build a more substantial theatre.
Dr. Dorpfeld
is
we have no evidence of the existence of stone theatre. In digging down into the foundations
it has been found that there are two by the fragments of pottery buried in
seats in
any fifth-century
layers
it,
shown
and the
260
lower,
arrangements for the actors, in the early part of the century a wooden an innovati(Hi attributed by Dr. Dorpfeld stage building was erected
to Aeschylus.
drama was
much
less
usually assumed.
In
its
simple structure with wooden seats and wooden skene, became a magnificent
edifice
rial.
with stone seats and an imposing stage building of the same mate-
We
have
many
new
theatre of un-
Frag. 121).
of Lycurgus.
]\Iost of its walls and foundaand the character of the work, belong to this ei:)och. Tlie Piraeus limestone and Ilymettus and Pentelic marble in use are combined in a manner customary in buildings of this period. The technique of some of the work corresponds to that of the C-horagic Monument of Thrasyllus, whose date is known to be ;321 b.c. TIk^ evidence gathered from all sources indicates that the theatre was begun about the year 350, and completed not later than 82G n.c.
shown by the
luaterial used
is
knowledge
gromids.
sented
development of the theatre rests largely on technical In the time of Lycurgus and earlier, stage scenery was rejn-eof the
by movable
on canvas on wooden
when
the
New Comedy
in
was
built, i.e. a
permanent
of
scene or background, adorned with columns about ten or twelve feet high,
wood,
From certain walls of the foundation, the fragments of a fagade, and an inscription extant on a piece of the architrave, it is evident that an
extensive reconstruction of the stage building and orchestra took place in
the
first
command
of the
Roman
Emjieror, Nero,
A
of
manner
Fig.
2.
262
Asia ]Minor and
by the extant
Ill,
reliefs,
(C.I. A.
239) to be seen on the highest of the five steps leading from the orchestra
:
Thou god
of the orgy.
of
Here ends the ancient history of the theatre. For centuries all record ceases. Buried under the deep accumulation of soil, the theatre of Dionysus disaj)peared so completely from view that seventeenth-century
it
dark as to
its site.
Odeum
of Ilerodes Atticus as
first to
"the theatre
of Bacsite.
chus."
removed
all
doubt as to
In 1862 excavations
were l)egun by
tlie
German
architect Strack,
who exposed
Taking up
his
made
its
in 1877.
and 1895, Dr. Dorpfeld completed the work of excavation by laying bare
the foundations of the building in
various epochs.
We
tra,
shall
now
remains and
the auditorium,
jilau,
tlie orclies-
reproduced in
Fig. 2, p. 201.
bounded on the north by the Acropolis on the south by the modern road; on the east the boundary is not definitely determined. Within the precinct are the foundations of two temjdes. Tlie older is near the stage buildings of the theatre and limited the extent of the colonnade at the rear the remains show that it dates from before tlie Persian A>"ar. The Both consisted later temple, to the south of this, is somewhat larger. merely of naos and pronaos. The later temple was probably erected at the
Tlie precinct of Dionysus
;
is
rock
263
somewhat
Of the
fifth
century
is
to the
we have
The remains
AVorthy of note,
Roman
foundations under Xero and what survives of the stage erected under
which served
i)arallel
filled in
Yet
artificial
substructions were
These walls are of consideral)le strength and thickness, the The two wings of the auditorium are terminated by two walls of unecjual length, the eastern being about 111 feet, the western only 88 feet. 'J'he unsymwith
outer being of Piraeus limestone, the inner of conglomerate.
metrical circumference of the aiulitorium
is
the ground.
The
inside
boundary
is
a semicircle, with
is
its
two
sides prolonged.
The
72
feet.
The
interior consisted of
a series of stone seats, with marble ch.airs in the front row, rising tier
above
tier to the
twenty to thirty rows at the bottom and portions of a few rows at the top.
The
curve of the seats did not correspond to the curve of the orchestra.
Fifty -eight of the sixty-seven marble seats originally in the front row
remain.
Behind the
line
first
of
marble
seats,
after
same
fifteen inches in
height
to each person.
spokes of a wheel from the orchestra to the outside boundary, two being
along the bounding walls, divided the auditorium into thirteen sections
called kerklilrs.
divided into three parts by two curved longitudinal passages called diazoiiiatd.
is
now
recognizable
it
is
aijout fifteen
264
feet wide.
The
site of
circular orchestra
is
The
aj^pears as
it
was
after considits
made
tiie
who
limited
extent to
the south by erecting a stage the front of which was on a line connecting the two corners of
orchestra,
auditorium.
marble pavement was put on the The gutter bounding the the water from the auditorium, dates from
of solid earth.
is
A marble balustrade surrounded the orchestra, and the gutter was covered over with slabs of marble. The width of the orchestra is about 781 feet and its depth from the stage;
row
of spectators
is
about
.58| feet.
The
theatre.
stage buildings constitute the third and last division of the Greek
The term for these was skein'; originally the tent or booth in which the single actor of the Thespian period prepared for the performance, the word continued in use to express the lai-ge and elaborate stage
buildings of later periods.
The skene
of
Lycurgus had as the principal room a large rectangular which was perhaps borne by interior columns, with a
feet,
total length of
about 152
and depth
of
about 2\
feet.
At each end
The space between the wings was about 0(5 feet. The central part and the wings were adorned with a fagade of Doric columns, of which
The
and cornice was about 13 feet. A provisional proscenium was put up between the sktai^ and the orchestra. In the Lycurgus theatre there was no trace of a logeion. The orchestra drawn as a complete circle just touched the front line of the paraskenia. For about three centuries the
stage buildings of Lycurgus remained unchanged.
At length
in Hellenistic
its toji
9 feet deep.
and proscenium of Nero's reconstruction can be traced on the plan, as well as the paraskenia to right and left. He
The foundations
THE ACROPOLIS
also built a logeion extending
265
tlie line
indicated
on the
facade.
])lan.
Of
formed the
These have been cut down about five inches, so that the stage of Nero was about five feet, the usual height of a Kouian logeion. As stated, this stage was in the third or fourth century moved forward about eight
yards and lowered by Phaedrus, so as to stretch across the orchestra betwe'en
the inner corners of the two wings of the auditorium.
The western
half of
relief,
the front of this stage, adorned with four groups of figures in high
is
preserved.
EXCURSUS
The Athenian
leus
Vir.
THE ACROPOLIS
Plain
is
^It. Parues and its s}>ur Aegaform the north and northwest side of the triangle, Pentelicus the apex, Ilymettus the south and southeast side, and the Saronic (iulf the ba.se.
Down
hills,
now
called
and the Ilissus, and terminating in the lofty i>eak of Lycabettus (900 feet). Nearly a mile to the southwest, and .sei)arated from Lycabettus by a broad valley, lies a precipitous rock, about 512 feet above the sea and 250 feet above the surrounding
lime.stone
its
Tourko
}>lain.
This rock
is
.schist is
mixed.
Its
form
In
its
is
The
by no nu'ans a
nearly forty
flat
by precipitous
to east there
feet, so that
to the
Parthenon a
with the
surface
is
ba.ses of the
The conformation
of the
largely artificial.
The seemingly
fillings-in
is
south
is
to time.
The
about
width from
The north
and deep hollows. Starting from the northea.st corner and coming west there is a remarkable line of outlying rocks containing numerous small grottoes used in anti(piity as niches for shrines and votive ott'erings. Kurther west is a long cavern, with underground steps from the P^rechtheum above, which has been identified as the
266
Sanctuary of Aglaunis.
Long
Cliffs, called
MaKpaL
These form the scene of the early legends embodied in the Ion of Euripides, and embrace the grotto of Pan, the grotto of Apollo, and
At the
filled
eastern side, the rock runs out in two bold projections like
;
natural bastions
up.
The
it
was
The southern
side, pre-
cipitous at the east end, slopes gradually westward forming three terraces.
First are found the sacred precinct of Dionysus and the theatre, witli the
Westward, and the Colonnade of Eumenes on the middle terrace is the jirecinct of Asclejiius", and still higher is a small terrace with the shrines of Ge, Demeter, and perhaps other deities. The west side slopes gradually toward the Areopagus, and forms the natural approach to the Acropolis.
choregic
of Thrasyllus
monument
;
Odeum
The
A.
polis
Priiniiive Athens.
Relics
;
of the Stone
Age
was tlie abode of man from an inconceivably remote period. IVIycenaean remains are extensive the Acropolis takes rank as a Mycenaean citadel along with Tiryns and Mycenae, and as Thucydides^ states, "what
is
now
Cecrops
is
the
first
mythical king,
who
is
Erechtheus
is
of Zeus,
dated the twelve Attic townships into his famous synoikismos, ami the
Acropolis becauie the centre of the political
H.
71ie
life
of Attica.^
Epoch of PIsifitratus. ^Vh.h King Codrus (1068 n.c.) the historical period of Athenian history is supposed to begin, but we hear almost nothing of the Acropolis until the time of Pisistratus. The old pediment
reliefs in
the Acropolis
Museum
The tyranny
of Pisisti-atus
.
is
a most
momentous period
in
Here they took up their residence, and The finds of archaic sculptures, and of the
Excursus
III.
Thncydides,
ii,
15, (liscnsscd in
Of.
THE ACROPOLIS
267
columns and pediment sculptures of the Old Athena Tejiiple, enil>ellished by Pisistratus, indicate the attention paid to art under this enlightened tyranny. Sculptors and architects were summoned from a distance to assist the native artists in their work. This eixjch natiu'ally closes with the sack by the Persians in ISO ii.c., when temples were burnt, votive sculptures were thruwn down and broken, and general havoc was w rought
on the Acropolis.
C. The Periclean Age.
portance.
manner adeijuate to tlieir increasing imCimon and Themistocles began the movement to make the
fit
Acropolis a
Tlie fortifications
of the citadel
up by
filling in
new
jx)rtal
of Phidias
was
set up.
Then who
The
restdts
Parthenon (447-438 n.c), by the architects Tctinus and Callicrates (:i) the temple of Athena Nike, planned 4o0 b.c. but probably not built until after the Propylaea; (4) the Erechtheum doubtless })lanned by Pericles, as his
(2) the Propylaea, with Mnesicles as architect (4:$7-4:52 n.c);
in
llellenislir
Tintfix.
J^rom
history
is
tlie
death of Pericles
(429 B.C.) to the battle of Chaeronea (33S B.C.) the Acropolis underwent
From
and
that date
its
foes of Athens.
From
King Attains
I of
many
dedicatory gifts,
;
commemorating
Antio-
who began
pieum, hung a Gorgon's head as an apotropaion on the south wall and Eumenes II (197-159 b.c.) of Pergamum erected the colonnade bearing
his
name, betw'een the two theatres on the southern slope. the I'oinniis ami the lUjznnliiifis.
Rome,
recog-
circular temple of
268
era. M. Vipsanius Agrippa was honored with an equestrian statue to the left of tlie approach to the Propylaea, the pedestal of which is still standing. The marble steps leading up to the Acropolis probably date from this time. Hadrian (117-lo8 a.o.), the most generous of Athenian patrons, adorned the theatre with statues, and completed the Olympieum, but does not seem to have devoted especial attention to the Acropolis. The acceptance of Christianity by the Roman emperors and their changed attitude toward paganism contiibuted largely
Theodosius H (JrOS-ioO) is supposed removed the gold and ivory image of Athena in 485 he issued a
;
comnumding heathen temples to be torn down or converted into churches. The Parthenon, in consequence of this policy, became in the
decree
latter part of the fifth or the early part of the sixth century the
St.
church of
made
in the interior.
The name
was
changed
to the
twelfth centuries,
F.
church of the Mother of God. The Erechtheum of Athens l)etween the sixth and
Franks and Florentines.
On the conquest of
title of
Constantinople
the Crusaders in
with the
in
King
of
Thes-
salonica.
Athens with
la
his victorious
Otho de
Duke of Athens. The (ireek churches on the Acropolis became Latin, but we know nothing of other changes on the Acropolis made by Otho and his descendants, who held the city from 1205 to 1311 nor under their successors, the usurping Catalans, who were in power for the next twenty years nor during the Sicilian domination, when the city was governed by
;
;
In 1.387 Athens
Lord
of Corinth.
The
columns of the west portico were joined by a wall, with one entrance, and the four side doors of the portal were walled up, thus forming a large vestibule. The Pinacotheca was turned into executive
offices,
and another
storj'
was
l)uilt al)Ove
the entalilature.
At the same
time the huge tower was built on the southwest wing fi-om blocks of this
THE ACROPOLIS
G. The Acropolb under
the
269
Franco, last duke of
Turks.
Tii
1 1.')()
Omar, general of Mohammed IF, who had conquered Constantinople in 1453. The Propylaea became the residence of Dasdar Aga, the Turkish
himself visited Athens in 1 l')U, Athens with great moderation, even letting the Parthenon remain a Christian church, hut after an insurrection against him lie ruled with great severity and in 1400 liad the Parthenon converted into a moscpie. The Turks made l)ut few changes in the building, merely removing the sacred image of the Virgin, whitewashing the walls, on which were pictures of saints, and building a minaret in the southwest corner. For nearly two centuries we hear almost nothing of the Acropolis. At length, in 1656, lightning struck a heap of powder, stored by Isuf Aga the commander in the east court of the Propylaea in [re2)aration for cannonading a Christian church on the morrow. A frightful exjdosion followed, killing Isuf, and denuilishing a large portion of the Propylaea. The architrave was shattered, the rich ceiling fell, columns were thrown down, and the portal was
governor.
at first treated
reduced almost to
its
present condition.
tout
1676 Spon, the antiquarian, and Wheler, the naturalist, visited Athens, and
16(S"2,
are im])orIn
l(i.S(5
officers
under (Iravier
Museum
hill, an<l
the
Turkish deserter gave infornuition that the Parthenon was being used by the Turks as a powder magazine. The guns were aimed at tiie Parthenon and on Friday, the 20th of September, 1687, at half past seven, Pnyx.
:
On
October
in
was reoccupied
For two days and nights :) the Turkish garrison April. 1688, by the Turks,
the citadel until
insurgents.
who were not again dislodged from their jmssession of 1822, when they were com]>elled to surrender to the (Jreek
The
Greek garrison on the AcrojM)lis was forced in 1827 to capitulate {o the Turks, who did not finally depart from it until iSo^S, the year in which
Prince Otho of Havaria was proclaimed King of Greece.
270
1750 Stuart, the painter, and Ilevett, painter and architect, visited Athens,
the
under the auspices of the Society of the Dilettanti, and in 1762 appeared first volume of their " Antiquities of Athens," which marks the beginning of the
scientific
Sublime Porte, removed to London almost all and nearly all the extant pediment sculptures of the Parthenon, a caryatid and column of the Erechtheum, and various smaller marbles, which were finally placed in the British Museum
the frieze, a
Ambassador number
to the
of metopes,
and are now universally known as " the Elgin Marbles." In 1885, upon the reII. The Acro/mlis and the Nein (Ircek Kingdom moval of the Greek government from Nauplia to Athens, the Acropolis was delivered over to King Otho, with appropriate ceremonies, and forever
ceased to be a citadel.
ical
work
since done
The following
183.3.
First excavations,
1835. 1836.
by private subscription. Ludwig-Ro-ss, Conservator of Anticiuities, removed tlie fortifications, rebuilt the Nik6 temple, and cleared the west front of the Propylaea.
Pittakis, Ross' successor,
completed the clearing of the Propylaea, and Erechtheum. 1853. The Beul^ Gate and marble stairway were cleared. 1862. Excavations by a Prussian Expedition consisting of Botticher, Curtius,
laid bare the foundations of the
and Strack.
1885.
EXCURSUS
The
tect Mnesicles
VIII.
THE PROPYLAEA
l)iiilt by the archion the foundations of an earlier gateway;^ it was begun in the archonship of Euthymenes (437-436 B.C.), and was never completed, as the work was interrupted by the Peloponnesian War. The sum expended on it was said to be 2012 talents, or something over ^2,000.000 Pint. Pericles, 13 Diod. 12, 40 (see Ilarpocr. and Suid. s. v. TrpoTrvAaia
;
cf.
Thuc.
1
2, 13).
It
as
in
Fig.
2
"The
A.
THE PROPYLAEA
one of the glories of Athens (Dem. 22, lo Aeschin. 2, 105 Dio Chrys. Or. 2, 7, 8
; ;
271
207
;
2:5,
Pint.
<le
glor.
Ath.
etc.).
Dindorf,
Fragments of
(C.I. A.
I,
a, h, c
Jahn-Micluu-lis,
]>.
:5!>).
The approach
was
in
quadrangular towers.
This gate
is
known
who
from the Turkish bastions that previously concealed it. shown that materials for the gate were taken from a choregic monument of Nicias, dating from the archonship of Neaechmus, 320-319 H.c. He thinks the monument was removed from its original site at the time of the building of the Odeum of Herodes Atticus, between KiO and 177 a.i>., and that the gate was most probably built soon after. Passfreed
72 feet in width.
the
first
half of
we observe the remains of a great marble staircase The staircase and the towers facing the gate date from the first century after Christ. The staircase prol)ably
On
the
left
on the right
is
on which
To understand
of all a
parallel walls,
which
is
it
The
and
pierced
by
five
8 inches wide
by 91 feet wide; and the two extreme gateways are 11 feet 3 inches high by 4 feet 9 inches wide. Through the middle gateway ran the road for jirocessions the four side gateways were approached by a flight of five
;
At
before
is
their western
them
and eastern extremities the cross-walls have placed The*outer or western portico
Besides the
six Doric
columns along the front, we have at right angles to them two rows of three Tonic columns each, flanking the central passage through the portico to the middle gateway, and su])iK)rting originally the marble roof
ornamented with golden stars, the wond(>r of ancient travelers. Tlio roof is gone, and all the Ionic columns have lost their capitals. The inner portico facing east is of the same width, but is very shallow, being only 19 feet deep. Five of the six Doric columns fronting it retain their capitals, and
272
This
about 60
is
TIIJ]
ATTICA OF TAUSAXIAS
the
main portion
feet,
rock here
is
178
of the structure. But the whole breadth of whereas what we have ah-eady described takes up only
feet.
of the
feet
;}
inches
its
Above the columns is an architrave with a plain frieze of triglyphs and The main chamber was lighted by a door 11 feet high by 9| feet wide and by two small windows. This chamber was the ancient Pinacometopes.
theca or picture gallery.
as
we have it, consists of merely a portico facing The front consisted of three Doric columns
to the front of the
northwest
jiortico.
Yet the rear wall stops not opposite the northwest anta, but the third column, thus leaving the anta stranded. This is evidence that the architect has made a change in his plans, and Di-. Dorpfeld has endeavored to recover the original design by a study of the architectural details, especially the antae. His conclusion is that Mnesicles contemplated for the southwest wing a structure of the same dimensions as the opposite wing, but with this difference the chamber with its portico was to be entirely open to the west facing the Nike temple, and instead of a wall as in the northwest wing, four columns between two antae should face west. The difference of plan was due to the fact that the Pinacotheca abutted on a precipice, while the southwest wing could serve as a colonnade before the Nike temple. Besides the two western wings Dr. Dorpfeld has shown from a study of architectural details tl-Ait the original ])lan ])ro\ided also for two eastern wings. Thus, the anta at the northeast corner of the east portico is double, thus calling for a row of columns running north, as well as the extant I'ow running south. The eastern wall of the northwest wing juts beyond the rest of the building. If continued to the Acropolis wall it would furnish
:
wing
of the Propylaea.
never carried out, most likely on account of the outbreak of the Peloponnesian
of funds.
:^^\~^^^r^~
\jy-
273
274
3, 15, 7
5, 26, 6) ascribes to
is
more appropriately
134;
Athena Xike,
Siiid. s.v. Nikj;
I,
Athena
and
4>,
"kdrjva;
p.
Soph. Philoct.
Eustath. on
Horn.
II.
410; CI. A.
88
f.,
No. 189 a;
II,
iied
it is
As Athena
be wingless.
modern history. It was seen and was pulled down by the Turks, about 1687, and the material was used in making a battery on the site. In 1835 the temple was discovered by Ross, Schaubert, and Hansen, who rebuilt it as it now stands. The roof is almost gone, and the gables are wanting. Yet the temple is fairly well preserved.
interesting
It
Tlie temple rests on a massive bastion 26 feet high to the south of the
staircase.
The
material
is
Pentelic marble.
It rests
The temple
is
of the Ionic
on a base of three stejis, the stylo2 inches long from east to west by 18 feet 3i inches
The height
;
of the
1
13 feet 4 inches
is
the diameter,
foot 10 inches
flutes.
the shaft of
of
column
with 24
frieze,
The height
the entablature
1
3 feet 8J inches.
The
foot 5^ inches high, sculptured in high relief, runs all round the temple.
cella is 16 feet long
;
The
with the antae by a balustrade. The date of the temple has been long disi)uted
attributed
it to
some archaeologists
of Pericles, others
Age
War.
An
years ago by Cavvadias, and dating probably about 450 is.c, calls for the
think that the temple referred to can be no other than that of Nike.
century.
They hold that this temple was actually The style of the sculptures and
It is likely
contradicts this view, as they point rather to the period after the Parthenon
immehad
THE PARTHENON
been begun,
(1897), 2-26
if
ff.;
275
ff.;
not completed.
See
'E<^. ^Ap)(^.
1897, 174
A. M.
XXII
on
Judeich, 200
ff.
The
The
.sc'ne
jjorlrayed
;
the east front was an assembly of gods, with Atheiui iu the midst
on
the other three sides are scenes of battle, Greeks lightiug with Persians
side.
in the British
Museum
it
wooden image
rejiresenting
and a helmet in her left. Round the three jirecipitous sides of the temple along the edge of the ba.sti()n ran a breast-high parapet of marble slabs, with reliefs on
A number
Museum.
One
body
The
reliefs are
renowned
esj)ecially
and the
delicate treatment of
the drapery.
EXCURSUS
half
X.
THE PARTHENON
limits,
is
its
and western
It
has suft'ered
;
much
in the passing
There remain the stylobate complete the double rows of columns at the two ends, and much of the colonnade on the northern and
;
the entablature
a ]>ortion
and
jxjrtico,
with
The
to
is
foundations, which are very deep at the southeast corner, are the
of
t<>mple.
'Iliis
substructure
is
250 feet long by 105 feet broad, while the stylobate of the Parthenon
proportions being as 4 to
9.
I
)r.
)i)r]ifeld
157
ft'.),
but at length after a closer study of the foundations he has carried liack the origin of the building to ])re-Persian times, basing his theory on a study
of the
marks
The.se led
him
when
276
jilace,
THt:
ATTICA OF PAUSANIAS
and he now ascribes the inauguration of the undertaking to the new democracy founded by Cleisthenes sliortly before tlie Pei'sian War. This theory well accords with the extension and embellishiuent of the Old Temple of Athena. See A.M. XXVII (1902), l\S-2 If. The Periclean Parthenon took over the foundations of tlie earlier building, but adapted them to its change of form and dimensions.
built to be a concrete expression of the glory and Athens incident to the rise in its fortunes as a result of its vicPericles was the father of the idea, and tories in the Persian Wars. Phidias was liis counselor. Inscriptions show that the present Parthenon wasbegunin447 B.C. See A.:\I. XVH (18!)-2), ].-).Sff. B.C.H. XIII (18S!>), 174 if. It was so far completed that the gold and ivory .statue of Athena was dedicated at tlie Panathenaic festival in 4;)8 i?.c. (Schol. Ai-. Pa.x;, GO.")). The architects were Ictinus and Callicrates, but the general supervision was exercised by Phidias, who made the gold and ivory statue (Plut.
power
9, pp. 395, 396; Pans. 8, 41, 9). Although in inscriptions the name Parthenon was restricted to the west chamber, it became in time the popidar designation of the whole temple. Demosthenes was the first who is known to have used it thus. See Dem.
22,
70.
Walz.
;
7, p. 4
Strabo,
Plut. Pericles, 13
Demetrius, 23
Philostratus, Vit.
ApoUon.
is of the Doric order, octostyle peripteral. Three steps round the building. Upon the stylobate rises the temple, with eight columns to tlie front and rear and seventeen on the sides, the finst
The Parthenon
all
run
of this arrangement.
;
of the col-
of the
flutes of the columns are 20 in number. The capitals columns consisted of the cushion-shaped echinus, and the abacus
or jilinth.
The
beside each other from the centre of one column to that of the next, about
41 feet in height. The triglyjih frieze rose above this to a like height, the metopes of which were adorned with sculptures in high relief. Above the
triglyph frieze at the east and west ends rose the j^ediments, the inclosing
liues of
which were
at
The
members
is
pediment
project,
or field of the pediment, M'liich recedes 3 feet from the inclosing cornice.
The tympanum
Fig.
4.
278
The temple
some
its
and 71
feet
outer walls, and above the architrave over these columns, ran a frieze, or
The temple
eastern portico
;
interior consisted of
and 63
sense
;
feet wide the western chamber, called Parthenon in the restricted and the western portico, jjrobably called the opixtlmdoinox. The naox was also known as the IJf'l-(tt(nnpe(!as from the fact that its length, includ(5.^
100
was divided longitudinally into three aisles by two rows of In the central aisle, on a spot marked by a quadrangular space of Piraeus limestone, towards the west end of the chamber, stood the chryselephantine statue of Athena. There was no door between the cella and the western chamber. The great door at the eastern entrance adiuitting to tlie cella was about 16 feet wide and 33 feet high, and afforded
cella
The
Doric columns.
The
tlie
and when
it
was comparable
to
it
in the extent
flat
and variety of
The metopes
are the
slabs of
round the building above the architrave. In the Parthenon all the ninetytwo metopes were adorned with sculptures in high relief, rej^resenting usually single combats. The subject on the metopes of the east front is generally taken to be contests of Gods and Giants, on the west of Greeks and Amazons. The metopes on the south side had suffered comparatively little when Carrey drew them in 1674, and fifteen of the best of these are among the Elgin marbles. The metopes toward each end represented Lapiths and Centaurs, engaged in the struggle that ensued at the marriage feast of Pirithous, while the metopes in the middle of the series contained figures' of stately women. The jnetopes on the north side had the same
subject, but with the order of composition inverted.
Pausanias
us that the scene represented on the eastern end was the birth of
Athena, on the western the contest of Athena and Poseidon for the supremacy of Attica. The pnncijile of composition in each case was a
thp:
rARTHP:NOX
279
I'he
now the
greater wreck,
is
better
known
deities
olive
to Carrey. The two contending were conceived as present on the Acroj>olis beside the actual tree and pool which they had created, and their charioteers and
The
groui)S of
two wings have been variously interpreted, either as deified followers of Athena and Poseidon respectively, or as local heroes, or as i>ersonifications of the mountains and coast of Attica. Of this group only one torso remains, usually known as the river-god Cephisus. The two mutilated figures still on the pediment are supjK)sed to be Cecrops and one of his
daughters.
Of the
tral
less,
east pediment
group,
now
we have no drawing to show what the great cenThe great void in the centre, double
deities regarded as present at the
of
The
two central
known from Carrey's drawings and fortunately they are preserved among the Elgin marbles. The scene is located on Mt.
is
left
generally male figure next to Helios, popularly known as Theseus, is regarded as the personification of Mt. Olympus. The three draped women in the left angle are generally identified as Horae, or as two Ilorae and Iris,
The now
reclining
women
Ge and
morning dew, Aglaurus, Herse, and Pandrosus (Murray). The frieze consisted of a band in low relief ruiniing along the walls of the temple and over the inner rows of six columns of the east and west ends, just beneath the roof of the peristyle. The total length was 522 feet
10 inches, of which 240 feet inches are
among
The
western frieze
is still in situ.
The height
of the frieze
was
3 feet 4 inches,
and the average depth of the relief is li inches. The subject jwrtrayed was the great Panathenaic procession. The west frieze represented the stage of preparation the north and south portions that of progress and
;
The
280
a group of
to witness
Olympic
deities present
on the Acroix)lis
the ceremony.
"noble naivete and placid grandeur Parthenon sculptures. All the external decorations of the temple were intended to give honor to the goddess Athena, sublimely represented by the colossal gold and ivory image within
^V'inckelnlann's characterization
"
the
the cella.
From him we
that on her breast was the head of Medusa and on her head a helmet adorned with gryphons and a sphinx that she held in one hand a Victory four cubits high, and in the other a spear, while at
and that the birth Pandora was represented on the pedestal. Pliny (N. 11. 36, 18) adds " He wrought on the convex side of the some important particulars shield the Battle of the Amazons, on the concave the Battle of the Gods and Giants, on the sandals the battle of the Lapiths and Centaurs.
;
her feet was set a shield, and beside her spear a snake
of
On
is
what they
call
'
passages and inscriptions (cf Overbeck, Schriftquellen, pp. 645 if.) we learn that the height of the image was twenty-six cubits, that the face, feet,
and hands were of ivory, and the pupils of precious stones. In addition works of art add to our knowledge
namely the Varvakeion and Lenormant statuettes in the at Athens the Strangford shield in the British Museum the Hermitage medallion at St. Petersburg, and various Athenian coins.
National
Museum
EXCURSUS
The temple
sion about half
XI.
THE ERECHTHEUM
as the
generally
known
Erechtheum
is
situated on the
northern side of the Acropolis, not far from the wall, in a slight depres-
way between the east and west ends. As we observe from the study of the ground plan, the form of the Erechtheum is unique. The main structure is a quadrangular edifice 65|
feet long
and 37
on a basis of three
steps.
This main
building has three vestibules (wpocrTdaw;), on the east, north, and south,
forming entrances to the temple. As the temple was on a slope, the stereobate of the north and west sides is about 9 feet lower than that of the south
THE ERECHTHEUM
281
and east sides. At tlie eastern end we have a portico lined with- six Ionic columns; at the northwest corner is a portico, with four Ionic columns in
front,
side
behind
tlie
corner column
and
at the south(
west corner
tides.
'uri/a-
The
At
i)resent
the
northernmost column
is
=rtER^HEHA
i
10
to
50
40' ,'"t/"--
FiG.
5.
Ereciithkum and
<)i,i>
Tkmi-i.k ok
Atukna
2',
The
and 22
feet in diameter,
(tori), sep-
consists of
arated by a
or hollow molding.
The upper
torus
is
jMovided with
fillets.
4 horizontal flutings.
As
band sup-
which
adorned with
282
flutes
;
and beads the volutes are strongly marked with a double channel, and above this is a narrow abacus, enriched with an egg-and-tongue molding. The architrave consists of three horizontal members, as is usual in Ionic buildings, the second projecting a little beyond the first, and the
Above
which ran completely round the building. The background is of black Eleusinian marble, to which were fastened figures sculptured in white
marble.
Owing
Stevenson, in A. J. A.
east
vi-ix], has
tem2:)les.
The northwest
Acropolis.
It is
portico
is
on the front, and one on each side between the corner column and the anta
The columns
much more ornamental carving. On them frieze, and the cornice. The beautiful doorway
It
narrows slightly as
it
Noteworthy are the heavy door-jambs with their enriched moldings and carved rosettes; the lintel of a similar ornamental nature with an additional molding on the top the cornice with a richly carved band of ornatwo carved brackets or consoles, one of which is jnent along its face now missing and finally, above two courses of plain marble, a band of richly carved honeysuckle ornament and enriched molding fornung a continuation of the capitals of the antae, immediately below the heavybeamed and coffered ceiling. Along tlie southern wall, at the southwest corner, is a third portico, much smaller than the other two. The roof is supported by six figures of maidens somewhat larger than life, standing on a parai)et 8^ feet high, which incloses the porch. Inscriptions call these figures simply I oral, " maidens," and the portico is very properly styled " the portico of the maidens.'" However, the term caj-ijatid has come to be regularly applied
; ;
to female figures serving as supports in architecture (cf. Vitruv. Tiie figures are arranged four in front,
1,
1,
5).
and two
at the sides
;
behind each
a terra-cotta
corner figure.
Two
one
is
situ.
are missing.
The
for columns.
The
THE ERECHTHEUM
architectural roundness of
283
maidens seem
not an opisthodomos, as
usual in Greek
columniations.
engaged columns, with rectangular windows in the interA small door in the wall admits to the western hall of
the Erechtheum.
In the interior of the building we have the foundations of a cross-wall running from north to south just east of the great doorway opening to the north porch. Further, there are indications of the existence of the founda-
more probably, a row of columns, a little more first cross-wall and the west end of the temple. Thus the building was divided into three parts which may be conveniently called the east cella, the west cella, and the west hall. The east cella was entered from the east, the west cella and hall from the north portico. There was also a door in the cioss-wall, and a row of steps leading down into the west cella from the east cella. Under the north porch is a small crypt, entered from the interior of the
tions of a cross-wall, or,
The
fissures
to
1,
and upon this are some irregular be the marks shown in antiquity as those
5
;
"2(5,
Apollod.
'.),
14,
Strabo,
9, p. :]9()).
Some think
may
;
Ildt. 8, 41
feet in thicknos.s, one end of which rests on the same foundations as the caryatid portico. Beneath the middle of this block is a vacant space, later filled in witli rough masonry
of mediaeval date.
The purpose
of the block
tlie is
The presumption
was manifestly to support the Erechtheum, so as to kee)> intact some probathat here was the Cecropium
I, ;"2"i.
2).
Under the west hall are remains of a cistern, which was ]>rolial)ly the 6d\a(T(ra formed by Poseidon when he struck the rock with his trident
(Hdt.
8,
");-)).
West
of the
of the boundaries of a
'.V22,
11.
44,
4")).
In this precinct
284
olive-tree of Athena, which sprang up in lier contest with Poseidon, and, though burnt by the Persians, was found to have sprouted a cubit's length on the following day. Cf. Hdt. 8, 55 Philochorus, frag. 146 (Dion. Hal. de
;
contained.
In
arguments of Dr. Dorpfeld and of Miss Harrison, it seems certain that the Old Athena Temple did not exist in Pausanias's time and that the whole of the text from 26, 6 to 27, 4 is a description of the
building
now known
as the Erechtheum.
oLKyj/xa 'Epi^i(^9eiov
It is altogether
KaXovficvov
hall,
x
to
chamber dedicated
Erechtheus.
This
is
See also
Schubart (Philol,
oiK-qiML.
15, 385),
who
word
The designation
'F,pi)^Oaov
came
to
building, just as did the term Parthenon for the greater temple.
Pausanias's description
falls,
therefore, into
two
theum
27, 2).
cella
(1, 26, 5)
Athena Polias
or the
(1,
Now
In the west
were doubtless (1) the altars to Poseidon-Erechtlieus, to Butes, and to in the west hall was
;
it
Hdt.
8,
55
Paus.
8, 10, 4),
and
were shown the marks of Poseidon's trident (cf. Strabo, 0, p. 306). Thence passing up the steps through the central door he entered the east cella,
which was known as the naos of Athena Polias, wJiere he saw chief of all (1) the old Athena agalma, (2) the lamp of Callimachus, and (3) various
votive offerings.
Such was the construction of the Erechtheum as it was left unfinished by its architect, and as it exists to-day. Its plan has puzzled ai'chaeologjsts and architects of every period, for it is obviously anomalous. As in the case of the Propylaea, so in the case of the Erechtheum, it has been Dr. Dorpfeld's ^ good fortune to reconstruct the complete design as it was probably conceived in the mind of its architect.
1
101
ff.
See Diirpfeld, " Der ursprungliche Plan des Erechtheion," and Taf G, reproduced above, p. 281.
.
A.M. xxix
(1904),
THE ERECIITIIEUM
each fronted by a pronaos.
285
Dr. Dorpfeld holds tliat the temple was intended to consist of two cellas
The
east cella
is
Thus the temple is given a symmetrical though somewhat complex form. The complexity of form was occasioned by the fact that the temple was designed to replace both the Old Athena Temple and the old tmple
of Erechtheus with its manifold uses.
new Erechtheum. The remains of the Old Athena Temple just to the south are well known. In supplanting the earlier temples by a common sanctuary Pericles planned that the east cella of the Old Athena Temple should be replaced by the east cella of the combined structure, and the opisthodomos of the old temple by the opistliodomos of the new. The old Erechtheum was reproduced in the building with three chambers, between the two parts of the structure, that took the place of the Old Athena Temple. The two porches to the north and south formed entrances to the Erechtheum proper, and at the same time gave suitable recognition to the mark of Poseidon's trident and the grave of Cecrops. The sublime conception of the architect was not to be carried out. The new temple was doubtless begun before the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. When it was found to be impossible to carry out the plan in its two entirety a compromise was effected. The east cella was completed of the three chambers of the middle building were finished with the one to the west slightly reduced in size, and the western wall with its windows between engaged columns was given the form with which we are
the western part of the
;
familiar.
Such
is
Erechtheum.
For
ii.c.
we
^'2'2),
which
is
409
This inscription
tells
of the a]>i>ointment of a
commiswhat
was
still
necessary for
its
completion.
It
far advanced,
and
following year.
The temple
described
is
286
Xenophon
polis
on the Acro-
was
set
on
fire,
tem]i)le.
still
must have been finished by ;}76 b.c. (C.T.A. IT, Erechtheum was turned into a church, with the necessary changes in its internal arrangements. The Turks used it as a dwelling-house, and to make an extra room the columns of the nortli portico were walled up. The biulding underwent great damage during the siege of the Acropolis by the Turks in 1827. It was repaired to some extent in 1838 and 1846, but in 1852 a storm blew down the engaged columns and the wall between them on the west end. Within the past few years extensive restorations have been made on the Erechtheum, in order to preserve intact what has survived to us from
Xo. 672).
In Christian times the
ancient times.
EXCURSUS
XII.
Greek Archaeo-
who
superintended the
480
B.C.,
and styled
it
the
when they sacked the Acropolis "Old Athena Temple," which has become
in
its
popular designation.
drums
light,
fragments,
many
of
and other architectural and sculptural wall, have come to belonging to this temple. As a result of
all
been made by Dr. Dorpfeld and his associates. The first ground plan of the temple appeared in the Antike Denkmaler of 1886. The results of the study of the arcliitectural remains and of the
fragments of sculpture preserved in the Acropolis INIusemn were given in the Athenische Mittheilungen of 1886 and succeeding years and a com;
Liepzig 1904.
we sketch merely
by the authors
287
At
on the northwest, however, foundation walls were along the sides the height of the built to the height of about ten feet foundation walls steadily decreases from the northwest to the south and
directly
on the rock
east,
is
From
a study that
by the actual
renuiins,
we observe
there
which rested the peristyle. Within this is a somewhat smaller rectangle which is divided by cross-walls into several compartments. At the east w! have a rather narrow portico leading into the cella of the temple which is nearly square (33^ ft. x 33 ft.); at the west, behind the portico, there is a somewhat larger chamber (38.3 ft. x 33 ft.) which contains two smaller rooms to the east, lying north and south of each other. The partition wall between the cella and the west chamber was without a door, suggesting that the former was for religious, the latter for secular purposes. From a
study of the remains
it
is
evident that
six columns at each end and twelve at each making it a hexastyle peripteral temple. Owing to its length the sanctuary was known as the Hekatompedon. The foundation walls of the temple are not all of the same material. The foundations of the colonnade, including the stylobate, are of limestone from Kar.l at the foot of Mount Hymettus those of the teinple propel', of the bluish limestone of the Acropolis. The remains of columns, architrave blocks, and triglyphs are of poros the metopes and pediment blocks are of a white coarse-grained marble. There are similar differences
side,
in technique
tlie
building
it
surrounds.
Both
early tem-
marble embellishments during the supremacy of Pisistratus. Thanks to the discovery of Athenian sculptures hidden away
-debris of the Acropolis after the Persian
in the
Wans, we can speak with definiteness of the plastic adornment not only of the enlarged temple of Pisistratus but also of the simpler amphiprostyle temple that existed long before his
time.
We
shall take
up
first
Pisistratean cella.
1
See Fig.
288
In the Acropolis
pediment sculptures that undoubtedly belonged to primitive temples on Certain of these are attributed by Wiegand and Schrader tlie Acropolis.
this earlier teniple. The design of the western pediment two parts. In one angle Heracles was represented as wrestling with the huge serpent Triton the right-hand portion of the pediment was occupied by the strange figure with three liuman heads and bodies uniting in one snaky coil, extending to the end of the pediment, whose correct mythological name is supposed to be " Typhon." Yet he was no protagoThe centre of the pediment was doubtnist, only an interested spectator. less occupied by accessories, as the stem of a tree on which hung the bows and arrows and superfluous raiment of Heracles. The eastern pediment was even more gorgeous in its embellishment. It may be briefly described as follows: Athena was seated in the apex; to her right was a seated and crowned figure which survives, and which must be regarded as a king or a god. The balancing figure to the left
on good grounds to
fell
into
of the goddess
is
gone
is
it
was probably a subordinate god or a hero. Possibly Athena was represented as seated between Poseidon and Erechtheus. In each angle there was a great snake, the one blue and orange, the other a vivid emerald green, which were in all probability the two guardian snakes of the Acropolis, sometimes identified with Cecrops the snake king and his daughter
Pandrosus.
When
by more imposing works in marble, and of these several group that were in the west pediment are in the Acropolis
consist of a colossal statue of Athena,
Museum. These
Battle of the
and three figures of showing that the scene portrayed was the
Schrader concludes that the composition
two
left
of
whatever preserved.
the
plume
of his
hand.
The two
corners of the
by a
As
to
centre and the extremities of the pediment, Schrader supplies to the right
Athena two groups consisting of a god standing and a giant The gods, probably Zeus and Heracles, rush from the centre against their adversaries who recoil toward the extremities., These eight figures would fairly occupy the space of the pediment.
and
left of
.
289
()1<1
53-55 records the burning and mutilation of tlie A sixth-century inscriiition (CJ.A.
1\',
pp. 137 ff.) sixaks of a temple known as the Hekatonipedon, and contains a provision that the chambers shall be opened by the treasurers. Dr. Durfv
feld ho.lds that the reference here
is to the compartments of the western which in his opinion were used as a treasury, while the naos contained the wooden image of Athena that fell from heaven. After the Persian Wais the poros and marble blocks of the colonnade were
end of
this temple,
itself
We
the two poros temples of Athena and Erechtheus and embrace the holy
" signs " and the grave of Cecrops. It is not known when the Old Athena Temple ceased to exi.st. Dr. Dorpfeld holds that the temple without the peristyle was restored shortly after the Persian War, serving as the principal temple on the Acropolis until the completion of the Parthenon, and
that
it
Roman
or Byzantine period.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Aesch. = Aeschylus Aeschin. = Aeschines A. Jb. = Jahrbucli des Archaologischen Instituts A.M. = Athenisclie Mittheilungen Anacr. = Anacreon's genuine frag-
C.I. A.
carum
C.I.G.
= =
carum
ments
Anacreont. = Anacreontica (spurious) Anth. P. = Anthologia Palatina Anth. Plan. = Anthologia Planudea Antiph. = Antiphanes Apoll. Dysc. = Apollonius Dyscolus Apollod. = Apollodorus
= Clement of Alexandria Demosthenes Phal. = Demetrius Phalereus Dio C. = Dio Cassius Diod. = Diodorus
Clem. Al.
Dem. Dem.
Droysen
Ilellenismus
Etymologi-
Rhodes
cum Magnum
Eng. = English Ep. = Epic
Eur.
Eust.
Aristophanes
= Aratus Arcad. = Arcadius Archil. = Archilochus Arist. = Aristoteles Aristid. = Aristides Arr. = Arrianus Ath. = Athenaeus Att. = Attic
Arat.
= Euripides = Eustathius
Greek
Ausg. Aufs. = Ausgewahlte Aufsatze Babr. = Babrius Bekk. Anec. = Bekker's Anecdota Graeca
Berl. Philol.
Woch.
Berliner Philo-
logische Wochenschrift
H. = Hadley's Greek Grammar Harp. = Harpocratio Hdn. = Herodianus Hdt. = Herodotus Ileliod. = Heliodorus Ilephaest. = Hephaestio lies. = Hesiodus Hesych. Hesychius
h.
Biog. Gr.
Call.
Hipp.
Hippocrates
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
H.N.
Horn.
II.
201
Naturalis
Roscher
ited
griech.
by
W. Roscher
Schol.
scholiast
Isocrates
f. Ph. = Jahrbiicher fur Philologie J.H.S. = Journal of Hellenic Studies Lat. = Latin Long. = Longus Longin. = Longinus Luc. = Lucianus LXX Septuagint Lys. = Lysias
Jb.
Schriftquellen zur Topographic von Athen, by Milchhoefer, in Die Stadtgeschichte von Athen, by E.
Curtius, pp. i-cx.\iv = Stephanas of
Steph. Byz.
Stesich.
Byzantium
Stesichorus
L.
& S. = Liddell and Scott's Lexicon Menand. = Menander Od. = Homer's Odyssey (a, /3, 7, etc.,
are used in referring to the different books) Paus. = Pausanias Plat. = Plato Plut. = Plutarch Poet. Seen. Gr. = Poetae Scenici Graeci Poll. = Pollux Polyb. = Polybius Kb. Mus. = Rheinisches Museum fur
Philologie
= Stobaeus = Suidas Theoc. = Theocritus Theoph. = Theophrastus Time. = Thucydides Tyrt. = Tyrtaeus Verg. = Vergilius Vitruv. = Vitruvius Xen. = Xenophon Xenoph. = Xenophanes
Stob.
Suid.
In abbreviating the
names
of
Greek
authors and of their works, Liddell and Scott's List has been
generally followed.
OTHER ABBREVIATIONS
App.
= Appendix =
chapter, chap-
=
ff.
following
(after
numerical
statements)
gen.
ibid.
id.
place
= imperative = intransitive, intransitively kt\. = Kai TO. \onrd I.e. = loco citato p., pp. = page, pages Rem. = remark sc. = scilicet s.v. = sub voce viz. = namely v.l. = varia lectio
imv.
intr.
section, .sections
INDEX
Index names only the principal places and temples. See the Topographical all the monuments cited by Pausanias. The numbers give chapter and section of the text of Pausanias, under which is the note desired. Reference is made also to the Excursuses.
Tliis
Academy, 30
1-2
Dionysium
Exc. VII
Exc. II
of,
1
in
Acropolis, 22 4
28,'];
Dionysus, Temples
Dionysus, Theatre
Aglaurus, Precinct
Agora
of Athens, 3
(i
18 2 - 18 :5
of,
20 3 20
3,
211-2;
Exc. VI
Dioscuri, Shrine of, 18
1
Agrae, 19
Aphrodite
19 2
in the
Gardens, Temple
of,
of,
Dlpylum, 2
Exc.
14
Eleusinium, 14 3
Eleusis, 38 ()-7 Enneacrunus, 14
Temple
of, 3 4
1;
Exc. Ill
5
1;
Areopagus, 28 5-7
Ares, Shrine
of,
8 4
Exc. XI
Artemis Agrotera, Temple of, 19 Artemis Brauronia, Sanctuary of, 23 7 Asclepius, Sanctuary of, 21 4 Athena Ergane, Temple of, 24 3 Athena Nike, Temple of, 22 5 Exc. IX
;
Eucleia,
Temple
of,
14
5; Exc. Ill
l-(i
Gardens, The, 19
2
of,
Ge Kourotrophos, Sanctuary
22
81
Hadrian, Buildings of, 18 9 Harbors and Fortifications, 1 2 Harmodius and Aristogiton, 8 Hephaestus, Temple of, 14 <>
;
Buleuterium, 3 5
Clepsydra, 28 4
Colias, ('ape, 1 5
Exc. I
Hermes Agoraeus, 15
Hymettus, 32
Ili.ssus,
1
19
5
of,
31-33
of,
Ilithyia,
Temple
1 1
18 5
2 4
Demeter Ciiloe, Sanctuary of, 22 3 Demeter and Kore, Temple of, 14 1-4
292
Laurium,
Law
INDEX
Long Walls, 2 Lyceum, 19 3
1;
293
l-.T
Exc.
(J
17 2
13
Megara, 39
4-4410
Pythium, Exc.
Ill
Metroum, 8 5 Munycbia, 1 4
Nike, Temple of Athena, 22 5
;
Royal Colonnade, 3
Exc. IX
Sacred Way,
363-387
1
- 36 2
Odeum
of Pericles,
20
4
(J
Odeum, Theatre called, 8 Old Athena Temple, Exc. XII Olympieum, IStJ; Exc. V
Painted Colonnade, 15 1-4; Exc. II
Serapeum, 18
Stadium, 19
(i
20 4-7
Sunium,
1 1
Fames, 32 1-2 Pan, Cave of, 28 4 Paudrosus, Temple of, 27 2 Parthenon, 24 5-7 Exc. X
;
Themis, Temple of, 22 1-2 Theseum, Exc. IV^ Theseus, Sanctuary of, 17
Tholus, 3 5
2-(;
Patroclus, Island of , 1
Pentelicus, 32
1
35 1
Tombs, Street
of,
Tripods, Street
of,
29 3-30 20 1
Phalerum,
Piraeus, 1
J 4
Triptolemus, 14 1-4
Walls, Long, 2 1-3
;
Exc.
Propylaea, 22 4
Exc. VIII
Prytaneum, 18
of, 3 2
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