ABSTRACT

The aim of this project is used for automation of mechatronic processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, control of amusement rides, or control of lighting fixtures. More recently electricity has been used for control and early electrical control was based on relays. These relays allow power to be switched on and off without a mechanical switch. It is common to use relays to make simple logical control decisions.

These systems are being advanced by ongoing research and development activities; one major activity entails the application with sensors to material-handling, inspection, and assembly operations.

1) Now a days everyone knows what type of security we need, security in almost all the cases. But even after taking care we are still unsatisfied with the security which we provide by you. So as the technology is growing we are implementing new ideas over security purpose. One such thing is using PIR sensor which is used to detecting the human motion. The THEFT IDENTIFICATION AND SYTEM USING RF indicates itself that whenever someone wants to theft any ingredients which are present in the industry then the theft will be automatically arrested with the help of some human detecting sensors and makes the alarm. That means it makes us alert and the theft can be caught.

This project consists of two sections. The transmitter section consists of a PIR sensor, a motor a micro controller, a RF encoder and RF transmitter module. Whenever someone try to theft any important thing or any ingredients which are present in the industry. At that there is one PIR sensor is placed in ON condition at that time it will start detecting the motion of human being. If the sensor detects then automatically within few seconds and gives the intimation to the owner of that industry through the RF communication. The buzzer will be on
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for indicating that someone is entered, buzzer will not be stopped until reset switch is pressed by the owner which is present at the transmitter section.

2) This is basically a Schmitt Trigger circuit which receives input from a cadmium sulfide photo cell and controls a relay that can be used to switch off and on a street lamp at dawn and dusk. I have built the circuit with a 120 ohm/12 volt relay and monitored performance using a lamp dimmer, but did not connect the relay to an outside light. The photo cell should be shielded from the lamp to prevent feedback and is usually mounted above the light on top of a reflector and pointed upward at the sky so the lamp light does not strike the photo cell and switch off the lamp. The photo cell is wired in series with a potentiometer so the voltage at the junction (and base of transistor) can be adjusted to about half the supply, at the desired ambient light level. The two PNP transistors are connected with a common emitter resistor for positive feedback so as one transistor turns on, the other will turn off, and vice versa. Under dark conditions, the photo cell resistance will be higher than the potentiometer producing a voltage at Q1 that is higher than the base voltage at Q2 which causes Q2 to conduct and activate the relay. The switching points are about 8 volts and 4 volts using the resistor values shown but could be brought closer together by using a lower value for the 7.5K resistor. 3.3K would move the levels to about 3.5 and 5.5 for a range of 2 volts instead of 4 so the relay turns on and off closer to the same ambient light level. The potentiometer would need to be readjusted so that the voltage is around 4.5 at the desired ambient condition.

3) A chip architecture that integrates a fingerprint sensor and an identifier in a single chip is proposed. The fingerprint identifier is formed by an array of pixels, and each pixel contains a sensing element and a processing element. The sensing
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element senses capacitances formed by a finger surface to capture a fingerprint image. Identification is performed by the pixel-parallel processing of the pixels. The sensing element is built above the processing element in each pixel. The chip architecture realizes a wide-area sensor without a large increase of chip size and ensures high sensor sensitivity while maintaining a high image density. The

sensing element is covered with a hard film to prevent physical and chemical degradation and surrounded by a ground wall to shield it.

The wall is also exposed on the chip surface to protect against damage by electrostatic discharges from the finger contacting the chip. A 15* 15 mm2 singlechip fingerprint sensor/identifier LSI was fabricated using 0.5 m standard CMOS with the sensor process. The sensor area is 10.1* 13.5 mm2: The sensing and identification time is 102 ms with power consumption of 8.8 mW at 3.3 V. Five hundred tests confirmed a stranger-rejection rate of the chip of more than 99% and a user-rejection rate of less than 1%.

4) The Project Automatic Parking System using 89S52 Microcontroller is an interesting project which uses 89S52 microcontroller as its brain. The project is designed for car parking.

The Project Automatic Car Parking System using 89C51 Microcontroller is an interesting project which uses 89C51 microcontroller as its brain. The project is designed for car parking. The aim of this project is to atomize the ca r park for allowing the cars into the park. LCD is provided to display the information about the total number of cars that can be parked and the place free for parking. Two IR TX RX pairs are used in this project to identify the entry or exit of the cars into/out of park. These two IR TX RX pairs are arranged either side of the gate. The TX and RX are arranged face to face across the road. so that the RX should

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get IR signal continuously. Whenever the mains are switched on, the LCD displays the message parking s p a c e f o r 1 0 v e h i c l e s .

The

number

indicates

the

maximum

capacity

of

park

in

t h i s project. Whenever a car comes in front of the gate, the IR signal gets disturbed and the microcontroller will open the gate by rotating the stepper motor. The gate will be closed o n l y a f t e r t h e c a r l e a v e s t h e s e c o n d I R p a i r s i n c e t h e m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r s h o u l d k n o w whether the car left the gate or not.

Now the microcontroller decrements the value of the count and displays it on LCD. In this way, the microcontroller d ecrements the count whenever the car leaves the park and displays it on LCD the count reaches 0, i.e. if the park is completely filled, the microcontroller will display NO SPACE FOR PARKING on LCD. And now if any vehicle tries entering the park, the gate will not be opened since there is no space. If any vehicle leaves the park, the controller will increment the count and allows the other vehicles for parking.

This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12V DC is u s e d f o r r e l a y . 7 8 0 5 t h r e e t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e r e g u l a t o r i s u s e d f o r v o l t a g e r e g u l a t i o n . Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out-put of secondary of 230/12Vstep down transformer.

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LIST OF FIGURES 1. FIG 2.1.1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM 2. FIG 2.1.2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MICRO PROCESSOR (P) 3. FIG 2.1.3: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MICRO CONTROLLER (C) 4. FIG 3.2.1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AT89S52 5. FIG 3.2.2: PIN DIAGRAM OF AT89S52 6. FIG 3.2.3: OSCILLATOR CONNECTIONS

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04 04

10 11 14 14 16

7. FIG 3.2.4: EXTERNAL CLOCK DRIVE CONFIGURATION 8. FIG 3.3.1 REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

9. FIG 3.3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF REGULATED POWER SUPPLY WITH LED CONNECTION 10. FIG 3.3.3: STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER 11. FIG 3.3.4: HI-WATT 9V BATTERY 12. FIG 3.3.5: PENCIL BATTERY OF 1.5V 13. FIG 3.3.6: BRIDGE RECTIFIER 14. FIG 3.5.1: LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR 16 18 20 21 22 25

15. FIG 3.5.2: STRUCTURE OF A LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR 25 16. FIG 3.5.3: LIGHT SENSOR CIRCUIT
17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

26 27 30 31 33 33 40

FIG 3.6.1: DC MOTOR FIG 3.7.1: L293D PIN DIAGRAM FIG3.7.2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF L293D FIG 3.8.1: PIN CONFIGURATION FIG 3.8.2: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF LM393

22. FIG 3.10.1: BC 547 TRANSISTOR PINOUTS 23. FIG 3.11.1: IR PAIRS 24. FIG 3.12.1: INSIDE A LED 25. FIG 3.12.2: PARTS OF A LED 26. FIG 3.12.3: ELECTRICAL SYMBOL & POLARITIES OF LED 27. FIG 3.13.1: PICTURE OF BUZZER
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43 43 44 46

ABBREVIATIONS:
1. ACC 2. B 3. PSW 4. SP 5. DPTR 6. DPL 7. DPH 8. P0 9. P1 10. P2 11. P3 12. IE 13. IP 14. TMOD 15. TCON 16. T2CON 17. T2MOD 18. TH0 19. TL0 20. TH1 21. TL1 22. TH2 23. TL2 24. RCAP2H 25. RCAP2L 26. SCON 27. SBUF 28. PCON 29. PCB 30. AGC - ACCUMULATOR - B REGISTER - PROGRAM STATUS WORD - STACK POINTER - DATA POINTER - LOW BYTE - HIGH BYTE - PORT 0 - PORT 1 - PORT 2 - PORT 3 - INTERRUPT ENABLE CONTROL - INTERRUPT PRIORITY CONTROL - TIMER/COUNTER MODE CONTROL - TIMER/COUNTER CONTROL - TIMER/COUNTER 2 CONTROL - TIMER/COUNTER MODE2 CONTROL - TIMER/COUNTER 0HIGH BYTE - TIMER/COUNTER 0 LOW BYTE - TIMER/COUNTER 1 HIGH BYTE - TIMER/COUNTER 1 LOW BYTE - TIMER/COUNTER 2 HIGH BYTE - TIMER/COUNTER 2 LOW BYTE - T/C 2 CAPTURE REGISTER HIGH BYTE - T/C 2 CAPTURE REGISTER LOW BYTE - SERIAL CONTROL - SERIAL DATA BUFFER - POWER CONTROL - PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD - AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLS
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