AMH2010.

Unit 4 quiz

1. Gadsden PurchaseGadsden Purchase was a piece of land purchased by former President Pierces Secretary of State, Jefferson Davis, to allow there to be a Southern Transcontinental Railroad. James Gadsden bartered for it from Mexico for 10 million dollars. The Purchase only added to the Northern and Southern rivalry, because the south wanted the RR place in all slave states also giving them an edge and more commerce and communication with the west but the north wanted it to be placed in Free states. p356 2. Significance of Battle of Antietam Antietam was the Bloodiest sing-day engagement of the war, enormous casualties on both sides total of six thousand died and seventeen thousand wounded. In addition, Lincoln removed McClellan from command after battle was over because he allowed Lee to retreat. This allowed the eventual rise of stronger commanders that would lead the Union to victory. p393 3. Crittendon Compromise Senator J. Crittendon calling for several Constitutional amendments drafted this compromise but for the most part, it tried to reestablish the line first put in place by the Missouri Compromise. The southern states below the line would have slavery and all northern states above it would be free. Most of the southern states seemed willing to ok it, but northern states did not want slavery to expand at all. Then Lincoln became president and the south gave up on the compromise that the north was refusing to sign anyways. p368 4. Monitor and Merrimack These were iron clad war ships the Merrimack was the southern war ship trying to break Union blockade line and the Monitor was the northern one. Once engaged neither ship could sink the

other but it end up being more of a union victory because they were able to preserve the blockade. The ships were a good representation for the new technology developed and used in the war. p386 5. Copperheads They were opposition against the National draft Law in 1863. They were mainly laborers immigrants and democrats. There were also known as Peace Democrats. The most notorious act was in New York on July 1863. For 4 days, they burned down free black businesses and houses, lynched many, over 100 people died and they burned down orphanage for African American children because they believed the war was the black mans fault. p375 6. Ex Parte Merryman Chief Justice Taney issued a writ called Ex Parte Merryman in response to Lincoln suspension of Habeas corpus and arresting of a Maryland Secessionist leader demanding his release. However, Lincoln simply ignores it and in return threatened to arrest them under similar charge. p376 7. Picketts Charge Picketts Charge took place in Gettysburg. Were 15 thousand Confederate soldiers ran across a mile of open field and were complexly massacred, Lee lost a third of his army and was one of the major turning points of the war. p394 8. 13th Amendment Was the abolishment of all slavery in all parts of the US in 1865, passed by congress and ratified by the necessary states. It was a product of the Emancipation Proclamation, which was put into place just to satisfy the hardcore radical northern abolitionists and to prevent a slave free Europe from forming an alliance with the Confederacy. The Proclamation itself only applied to states still succeeded from the Union, and had no real power but was more of a first step to forming the 13th Amendment. p376

9. 14th Amendment Intended to secure the rights and establish citizenship of former slaves repealing the Dred Scott decision. Making equal rights and protection to all citizens (except females) in ratified 1868 and part of the reconstruction time period. 10. Freedmans Bureau p404 This was an agency of the army directed General Howard to distribute food, establish schools, and give land of their own to freed slaves. It was only moderately successful at best and only lasted one year. The enormity of the chaos and problems could not be settled by the small organization. 11. Carpet Baggers White men who served as Republican leaders in the south, and Northern settlers looking to make a profit in the reconstruction of the south. The carpetbag name came from the cheap luggage that they would carry with them when they moved. p410 12. Compromise of 1877 Was for a contested election of Hayes, southerner Tildon let Hayes win if the northern army would get out of the south, the appointment of at least on Southerner to Hayes Cabinet, more reconstruction money and aid for the southern Transcontinental Railroad and significance marks the end of reconstruction. p419