B.A/B.Sc. (PART I) PRE.

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION MATHEMATICS THIRD PAPER (vector calculus and Geometry) uksV & izR;sd iz'u ds Hkkx (a),(b) 1 vad ] Hkkx (c), (d) 3 vad o Hkkx (e) 6 vad dk gSA

UNIT - I
1. (a)Define vector function of a single scalar variable.

,d vfn'k pj ds lfn'k Qyu dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) If |

;fn
(c) If (

rks | | Kkr dhft;s

) )

) where and are constant vectors. prove that.

;fn

) tgka vkSj vpj lfn'k gS] rks fl) dhft;s &

(d) Find the directional derivative of f = xy + yz +zx in the direction of the vector i + 2j+2k at the point (1,2,0).

fcUnq (1,2,0) ij f = xy + yz +zx dk i + 2j+2k dh fn'kk esa fnd vodyu Kkr dhft;sA
(e) Find the angle between surfaces x2 +y2 + y3 = 9 and z = x2 + y2 - 3 at the point (2,-1,2).

lrg x2 +y2 + y3 = 9 rFkk z = x2 + y2 - 3 ds chp dk dks.k fcUnq (2,-1,2) ij Kkr dhft;sA

2. (a) Define the divergence of a vector point function.

lfn'k fcUnq Qyu dk vilj.k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) Find divergence of the following vector point function : f = x2z2i - 2y3z2j +xy2zk

fuEu lfn'k Qyu dk vilj.k Kkr dhft;s %

f = x2z2i - 2y3z2j +xy2zk (c) Prove that the curl of the gradient of a scalar function u is zeor.

fl) dhft;s fd fdlh vfn'k Qyu u dh izo.krk dk dqUry 'kwU; gksrk gSA

(d) If f = x2y + 2xy + z2, then find : curl (grad f).

;fn f = x2y + 2xy + z2 ] rc Kkr dhft;s%

curl (grad f). (e) If = xi + yj +zk and r = | |, then prove that. ( ( ) ( )

;fn = xi + yj +zk vkSj r = | |, fl) dhft;s %

) ( )

Unit - II
3. (a) Write the cartesian form of the line integral.

js[kk lekdy dk dkrhZ; :i fyf[k;sA

(b) Write the statement of Gauss Divergence theorem.

xkWl dk vilj.k izes; dk izdFku fyf[k;sA

(c) If F = x2yi + (x - z)j + xyz k and c is the curve y = x2, z = 2 from (0,0,2) to (1,1,2) then find :

;fn x2yi + (x - z)j + xyz k vkSj c o y = x2, z = 2 ij fcUnq (0,0,2) ls (1,1,2) rd dk pki gks rks Kkr dhft;s

(d) If V is th volume enclosed by any closed surfaces show that : =0

;fn V fdlh cUn i`"B S }kjk ifjc) vk;ru gks rks fl) dhft;sA
(e) Evaluate : =0 where F = xi - yj+(z2 - 1)k and S is the surface of the cylinder

bounded by z =0, z = 1, x2+y2=4

eku Kkr dhft;s

tgk F = xi - yj+(z2 - 1)k vkSj S ml csyu dk i`"B gS tks z =0, z = 1 vkSj x2+y2=4 ls ifjc) gSA
4. (a) Write the statement of Stoke's theorem.

LVkWd izes; dk izdFku fyf[k;sA

(b) Write the cartesian form of Green's theorem.

xzhu izes; dks dkrhZ; :i esa ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(c) Using stoke's theorem, evaluate : ( )

Where C is the square in the xy-plane with vertices respectively : (1,0);(-1,0);(0,1);(0,-1).

LVkWd izes; dk mi;ksx djds fuEu dk eku Kkr dhft;s %

( )

tgk C, xy lery esa ,d oxZ gS ftlds 'kh"kZ e'k% (1,0);(-1,0);(0,1) vkSj (0,-1) gSA
(d) Evaluate by Green's theorem : [( ) ]

Where C is the circle x2 +y2 = 1

eku Kkr dhft;sA

[( ) ]

tgk C] o`r x2 +y2 = 1 gSA

(e) Apply stoke's theorem to prove that div(curl F) = 0

LVkWd izes; dk iz;ksx djds fuEu fl) dhft;s &

div(curl F) = 0

Unit - III
5. (a) Which curve is represented by the equation : x2 + 2xy + y2 - 2x - 1 = 0

fuEu lehdj.k }kjk fu:fir o Kkr dhft;sA

x2 + 2xy + y2 - 2x - 1 = 0 (b) Write down the equation of axis of the conic ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 1 in terms of the length R of its semi axis.

%'kkado ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 1 ds v)Z v{k dh yEckbZ R ds :i esa mlds v{k dh lehdj.k fyf[k;sA
(c) Find the length of the latus rectum of the parabola

(a2 +b2) (x2 + y2) = (bx +ay - ab)2

ijoy; (a2 +b2) (x2 + y2) = (bx +ay - ab)2 ds ukfHkyEc dh yEckbZ Kkr dhft;sA
(d) Find the centre of the conic : 17x2 - 12xy + 8y2 + 46x - 28y + 17 = 0

'kkado dk dsUnz Kkr dhft;sA

17x2 - 12xy + 8y2 + 46x - 28y + 17 = 0 (e) Trace the conic x2 - 3xy +y2 + 10x - 10y + 21 =0 .

'kkado x2 - 3xy +y2 + 10x - 10y + 21 =0 dk vuqjs[k.k dhft;sA

6. (a) Write the polar equation of a conic, the focus being the pole.

'kkado dk /kzqoh lehdj.k fyf[k;s tc /kzqo 'kkado dh ukfHk ij fLFkr gksA

(b) Write the polar equation of the directrix (near the pole) of the conic .

'kkado fyf[k;sA

dh fu;rk tks /kzqo ds ikl gS dk /kzqoh lehdj.k

(c) Show that the equations

and

represent the same conic.

iznf'kZr dhft;s fd lehdj.k fu:fir djrs gSaA

(d) Find the condition that the staight line r = 2a cos .

rFkk

,d gh 'kkado dks

. may touch the circle

og izfrca/k Kkr dhft;s tcfd ljy js[kk djsaaA

(e) Find the locus of the pole of a chord of the conic angle 2 at the focus .

o`r r = 2a cos dks Li'kZ

. which subtends a constant

'kkado ukfHk ij vpj dks.k

dh thok ds /kzqo dk fcUnqifk Kkr dhft;s tks 'kkado dh

2 vUrfjr djrh gSA

Unit - IV
7. (a) Find the radius of the sphere. x2 +y2+z2 - 2x +4y - 6z = 11

fuEu xksys fd f=T;k Kkr dhft;sA

x2 +y2+z2 - 2x +4y - 6z = 11 (b) Define power of a point.

fcUnq dh 'kfDr dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(c) Find the equation of the sphere circumscribing the tetrahedron whose faces are : ; 0 ; ;

bl prq"Qyd dks ifjxr djus okys xksys dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft;s ftldh Qydksa ds lehdj.k fuEu gS %
; 0 ; ;

(d) Find the equation of sphere which touches the plane 3x +2y - z + 2 = 0 at the piont (1,-2,1) and also cuts orthogonally the sphere x2+y2+z2 - 4x+6y+4 = 0

ml xksys dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft;s tks lery 3x +2y - z + 2 = 0 dks fcUnq (1,-2,1) ij Li'kZ djrk gS rFkk xksys x2+y2+z2 - 4x+6y+4 = 0 dks ykfEcd :i ls dkVrk gSA

(e) A sphere of constant radius (r) passes through the origin (O) andcuts the axes in A,B,C. Prove that the locus of the foot of perpendicular drawn from O to the plane ABC is given by (x2+y2+z2)2 (x-2 +y-2 +z-2) = 4r2

vpj f=T;k (r) dk ,d xksyk ewy fcUnq (O) ls xqtjrk gS vkSj funsZ'kh v{kksa dks e'k% A,B,C ij fcUnqiFk gS %
(x2+y2+z2)2 (x-2 +y-2 +z-2) = 4r2 8. (a) Define : (i) Enveloping cone (ii) Right circular cylinder

dkVrk gSAfl) dhft;s fd (O) ls lery ABC ij [khaps x;s yEc ds ikn dk

ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA
(i) vUokyksih 'kadq (ii) yEco`rh; csyu

(b) Find the equation of a right circular cylinder whose axis is through (0,0,1).

and which passes

ml yEco`rh; csyu dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft;s ftldh v{k fcUnq (0,0,1) ls xqtjrk gSA

gS rFkk tks

(c) Find the enveloping cone of the sphere x2+y2+z2 +2x - 2y - 2 = 0 with its vertex at (1,1,1) .

xkssys x2+y2+z2 +2x - 2y - 2 = 0 ds ml vUokyksih 'kadq dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft;s ftldk 'kh"kZ fcUnq
(1,1,1) gSA (d) If represents one of the three mutually perpendicular generators of the cone

5yz - 8xz - 3xy = 0 . Find the equations of the other two.

;fn rks vU;

'kadq 5yz - 8xz - 3xy = 0 ds rhu ijLij ledksf.kd tudksa esa ls ,d gS nks tudksa ds lehdj.k Kkr dhft;sA

Unit - V
9. (a) Define : (i) Pole (ii) Polar plane

ifjHkkf"kr dhft;s %
(i) /kzqo (ii) /kzqoh; rRo (b) A tangent plane to the ellipsoid meets the coordinate axes in points A,B .

and C. Prove that the centroid of the triangle ABC lies on the locus

nh?kZo`rt fcUnqvksa ij feyrk gSA fl) ij fLFkr gksxkA

ds Li'kZ ry funsZ'kkad v{kksa dks A,B rFkk C dhft;s fd f=Hkqt ABC dk dsUnzd dk fcUnqiFk

(c) Find the equation of the polar line of x2 +y2 + z2 = 1 .

with respect to the sphere

xksys x2 +y2 + z2 = 1 ds lkis{k js[kk Kkr dhft;sA

dh /kzqoh; js[kk dk lehdj.k

(d) Prove that the sum of the squares of the reciprocals of any three mutually perpendicular semidiameters of an elipsoid is constant .

fl) dhft;s fd nh?kZo`rt O;qReksa ds

10.

ds fdUgha rhu ijLij yEcor~ v)ZO;kl ds

oxksZa dk ;ksxQy vpj gksrk gSA

(a) Define paraboloid.

ijoy;t dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) Write the equation of enveloping cone of the paraboloid ax2 + by2 = 2cz having vertex at (x1,y1,z1).

ijoy;t ds vUokyksih 'kadq dk 'kh"kZ fcUnq (x1,y1,z1) ij lehdj.k fyf[k;sA tgk ijoy;t
ax2 + by2 = 2cz gSA (c) The plane 3x + 4y = 1 is a diametral plane of the paraboloid 5x2 + 6y2 = 2z. Find the equation of the chord through (3,4,5) which it bisects.

lery 3x + 4y = 1 ijoy;t 5x2 + 6y2 = 2z dk O;klh; lery gSA fcUnq (3,4,5) ls xqtjus okyh rFkk bl ij lef}Hkkftr gksus okyh thok dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft;sA
(d) Find the equation of the normal at the point (x1,y1,z1) of the paraboloid ax2 + by2 = 2cz

ijoy;t ax2 + by2 = 2cz ds fcUnq (x1,y1,z1) ij vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft;sA
(e) Show that the section of the surface yz +zx +xy = a2 by the plane lx +my+nz = p is parabola if .

iznf'kZr dhft;s fd i`"B yz +zx +xy = a2 dk lery lx +my+nz = p }kjk ifjPNsn ijoy; gS ;fn
.

B.A/B.Sc. (PART I) PRE. UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION MATHEMATICS SECOND PAPER (Calculus ) uksV & izR;sd iz'u ds Hkkx (a),(b) 1 vad ] Hkkx (c), (d) 3 vad o Hkkx (e) 6 vad dk gSA

UNIT - I
1. (a)Define homegeneous function..

le?kkr Qyu dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) Write geometrical meaning of partial derivative.

vkaf'kd vodyt dk T;kferh; vFkZ fyf[k;sA

(c) If u = (1- 2xy+y2) ,( ) , then prove that : , -

;fn u = (1- 2xy+y2) rks fl) dhft;s fd

,( (d) If u = f ( ) , -

) ; then prove that :

;fn u = f (

) rks fl) dhft;s fd %

(e) If u = x(y/x)+(y/x), then prove that :

;fn u = x(y/x)+(y/x) rks fl) dhft;sA

2.

(a) If the relation f(x,y) = C. defines y as a differentiable function of x, then find

;fn laca/k f(x,y) = C,x dk vodyuh; Qyu ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS rks dhft;sA
(b) If x = r cos , y = r sin , then find the value of J(x,y).

dk eku Kkr

;fn x = r cos , y = r sin gks rks J(x,y) dk eku Kkr dhft;sA

(c) If xxyyzz = C, then prove that x = y = z ;

;fn xxyyzz = C rks x = y = z ij fl) dhft;s fd %

(d) If u = , v =
( ( ) )

and w = (x + y + zy2) then find :

;fn u = , v =
( ( ) )

rFkk w = (x + y + zy2) rks eku Kkr dhft;sA

(e) If u3 + v3 + w3 = x + y + z, u2 +v2 + w2 = x3 + y3 +z3 and u + v +w = x2 + y2 +z2, then show that

( ( ) ) ( ( )( )( )( )( ) )

;fn u3 + v3 + w3 = x + y + z, u2 +v2 + w2 = x3 + y3 +z3 rFkk u + v +w = x2 + y2 +z2 ] rks iznf'kZr dhft;sA

( ( ) ) ( ( )( )( )( )( ) )

Unit - II
3. (a) State the necessary and sufficient condition for extreme value of function f(x,y).

Qyu f(x,y) ds pje eku gksus dkd vko';d ,oa i;kZIr izfrca/k dk dFku fyf[k;sA
(b) Find the minimum value of , where x2 + y2 +xy = 1.

izfrcU/k x2 + y2 +xy = 1 ds vUrxZr

(c) Find the maxima and minima of : sin x + sin y + sin(x+y)

dk U;wure eku Kkr dhft;sA

mfPp"B rFkk fufEu"B Kkr dhft;sA

sin x + sin y + sin(x+y) (d) Explain Lagrange's method of undetermined multiplers.

vfu/kkZ;Z xq.kkadksa dh ykxzkat fof/k dks le>kb;sA

(e) Prove that a rectangular solid of maximum volxuame within a sphere is a cube.

fl) dhft;s fd ,d xksys ds vUrxZr vf/kdre vk;ru okyk vk;rkdkj Bksl ,d ?ku gksrk gSA
4. (a) Define multiple points.

cgqy fcUnq dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) Define point of inflection and write down test for point of inflexion.

ufr ifjorZu fcUnq dh ifjHkk"kk nsrs gq, bldk ijh{k.k Hkh fyf[k,A
(c) Prove that at the origin on the curve y2 = bx sin ( ), there is a node or a conjugate point according as a and b have same or opposite signs.

fl) dhft;s o y2 = bx sin ( ) ij a rFkk b ds leku ;k foijhr fpUgksa ds vuqlkj ewy fcUnq ij ,d uksM ;k la;qXeh fcUnq gSA

(d) Find the nature and position of double points of the curve y (y - 6) = x2(x-2)3 - 9.

fuEu o ds f}d fcUnqvksa dh fLFkfr ,oa izfr Kkr dhft;sA

y (y - 6) = x2(x-2)3 - 9 (e) Trace the following curve : r2 = a2 cos 2

fuEu o dk vuqjs[k.k dhft;s

r2 = a2 cos 2

Unit - III
5. (a) Give the necessary and sufficient condition for f(a,b) to be a maximum value of f (x,y).

Qyu f (x,y) ds vf/kdre eku f(a,b) gksus dk vko';d ,oa i;kZIr izfrca/k fyf[k,A
(b) Find the points where the function x3 - 4xy + 2y2 has maximum or minimum value.

mu fcUnqvksa dks Kkr dhft, tgk Qyu x3 - 4xy + 2y2 dk eku mPpre ;k U;wure gSA
(c) Find the maximum value of u = sin x sin y sin (x + y)

mPpre eku Kkr dhft, &

u = sin x sin y sin (x + y) (d) Find the minimum value of u = x2 + y2+z2 when ax + by + cz = p .

U;wure eku Kkr dhft, &

u = x2 + y2+z2

tcfd ax + by + cz = p
(e) Prove that a rectangular solid of maximum volume. within a sphere is a cube.

fl) dhft, fd ,d xksy ds vUrxZr vf/kdre vk;ru okyk vk;rkdkj Bksl ,d ?ku gksrk gSA

6.

(a) Define a double point.

,d f}d fcUnq dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A

(b) Write down the equation of tangent at the origin to the curve a2y2 - b2x2 = x2y2 .

o a2y2 - b2x2 = x2y2 dh ewy fcUnq ij Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k fyf[k,A

(c) Find the nature and position of the double points of the curve x3 - y3 - 7x2 + 4y + 15x - 13 = 0 .

fuEu o ds f}d fcUnqvksa dh fLFkfr ,oa izfr Kkr dhft;s

x3 - y3 - 7x2 + 4y + 15x - 13 = 0 (d) Find the points of inflexion of the following curve y(a2 + x2) = x3 .

fuEu o ds ufr ifjorZu fcUnq Kkr dhft, &

y(a2 + x2) = x3 (e) Trace the curve x3 +y3 = 3axy.

fuEu o dk vuqjs[k.k dhft, &

x3 +y3 = 3axy

Unit - IV
7. (a) Show that B(m,n) = B(n,m) where , B(m,n) is Beta function.

iznf'kZr dhft, &

B(m,n) = B(n,m)

tgk B(m,n) chVk Qyu gSA

(b) Show that
( )

iznf'kZr dhft, &

(c) prove that :
( )

fl) dhft, &

(d) Show that

( )

%iznf'kZr dhft,&
( )
( )

(e) Prove that ( ) where, m Z. ( )

fl) dhft, &

( ) ( )

tgk m Z.
8. (a) Evaluate .

( eku Kkr dhft, & (

(b) Define double integral.

f}lekdy dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A

(c) Change the order of integration in the following double integral.

fuEu f}lekdy dk e ifjofrZr dhft, &

(d) Change the following integral to polar co-ordinater and evaluate :

fuEu lekdy dks /kzqoh funsZ'kkadksa esa ifjofrZr dj eku Kkr dhft, &

(e) Show that :

iznf'kZr dhft,

Unit - V
9. (a) Define Quadrature.

{ks=Qyu dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A

(b) Write down the formula to find the common area of two Cartesian curves. y = f1(x) and y = f2(x).

nks dkrhZ; oks y = f1(x) rFkk y = f2(x) dk mHk;fu"B {ks=Qy Kkr djus dk lw= fyf[k,A
(c) Find the length of the are of the semi-cubical parabola ay2=x3 from its vertex to the point (a,a).

v)Z?ku ijoy; ay2=x3 ds 'kh"kZ ls fcUnq (a,a) rd ds pki dh yEckbZ Kkr dhft,A
(d) Find the perimeter of the cardioid r = a(1 + cos). Also prove that the arc of the upper half of the car-dioid is bisected by =

dkfMZ;ksbM r = a(1 + cos) dk ifjeki Kkr dhft,A ;g Hkh fl) dhft, fd dkfMZ;ksbM dk ijh v)ZHkkx pki = ls lef}Hkkftr gksrk gSA

(e) Find the area included between the following curve and its asymptote xy2 = 4a2 (2a - x).

fuEu o rFkk mlds vuUrLi'khZ ds e/; dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,

xy2 = 4a2 (2a - x). 10. (a) Write a formula to find the volume of the solid generated by the revolution about the intial line of the area bounded by the curve r = f() and the radii vector = , = .

o r = f() ij lfn'k dks.k = rFkk = ds ifjc) {ks= dk vkjfEHkd js[kk ds ifjr ifje.k ls tfur ?kukfr dk vk;ru Kkr dhft;sA
(b) Write down the Liouville's extension of Dirichler's integral.

fMfjpysV lekdy dk fyosyh O;kihdj.k fyf[k,A

(c) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the ellipse of x.

about the axis

nh?kZo`r dhft;sA

dk x-v{k ds ifjr ifje.k djus ij izkIr ?kukd`fr dk vk;ru Kkr

(d) Find the volume of the solid generated by the revolution of the carioid r = a(1 + cos ) about the initial line.

dkfMZ;ksbM r = a(1 + cos ) ds vkjfEHkd js[kk ds ifjr ifje.k ls tfur ?kukfr dk vk;ru Kkr dhft;sA
where, region of integration is a cone V bounded by the following curves . x 2 + y2 = z2, z = 1

(e) Evaluate

eku Kkr dhft;s &

tgk] lekdyu dk {ks= ,d 'kadq gS tks fuEu oksa ls ifjc) gS

x2 + y2 = z2, z = 1

B.A/B.Sc. (PART I) PRE. UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION MATHEMATICS FIRST PAPER (ALGEBRA ) uksV & izR;sd iz'u ds Hkkx (a),(b) 1 vad ] Hkkx (c), (d) 3 vad o Hkkx (e) 6 vad dk gSA

UNIT - I
1. (a) write the statement of factor theorem.

xq.ku[kaM+ izes; dk izdFku dhft;sA

(b) What is reciprocal equation of the given equation.

nh gqbZ lehdj.k dh O;qRe lehdj.k D;k gksrh gS \

(c) Solve the equation x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 5 = 0 if one root is

lehdj.k x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 5 = 0 dks gy dhft;s ;fn bldk ,d ewy

(d) If the roots of the equation x3 + 3px2 + 3qx + r = 0 are in H.p., show that 2q3=r(3pq-r)

gksA

;fn lehdj.k x3 + 3px2 + 3qx + r = 0 ds ewy gjkRed Js.kh esa gksa rks fl) dhft;s fd %
2q3=r(3pq-r) (e) Slove the cubic equation 9x3+6x2-1=0 by Cardon's method.

f=?kkr lehdj.k 9x3+6x2-1=0 dks dkMZu fof/k ls gy dhft;sA

2. (a) Write the Descarte's Rule of Signs.

nsdkrsZ dk fpUg fu;e fyf[k;sA

(b) Find the nature of the roots of equation : x4 - ax3 - bx - c = 0 where a, b and c are positive.

lehdj.k x4 - ax3 - bx - c = 0 ds ewyksa dh izfr dh tkp dhft;sA tgk a, b vkSj c /kukRed gSA
(c) Show that the following equation has atleast four imaginary roots : 2x7 - x4 + 4x3 - 5 = 0

fl) dhft;s fd lehdj.k ds de ls de pkj ewy dkYifud gksaxs &

2x7 - x4 + 4x3 - 5 = 0 (d)Find the roots of the equation : x3 - 3x + 1 = 0

fuEu lehdj.k ds ewy Kkr dhft;sA

x3 - 3x + 1 = 0 (e) Solve the equation by Ferrari's method. 6x4 - 7x3 + 8x2 - 7x + 2 = 0

fuEu lehdj.k dks QSjkjh fof/k ls gy dhft;sA

6x4 - 7x3 + 8x2 - 7x + 2 = 0

Unit - II
3. (a) Define Hermitian and Skew Hermitian matrix.

gehZf'k;u vkSj fo"ke gehZf'k;u eSfVDl dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) Define rank of a matrix.

eSfVDl dh jSad tkfr dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(c) If A and B are unitary marrices of the same order then AB and BA are also unitary matrices.

;fn A vkSj B nks leku e dh ,sfdd eSfVDl gksa rks AB rFkk BA Hkh ,sfdd eSfVDl gksrh gSaA
(d) Prove that the rank of a non-singular matrix is equal to the rank of its inverse.

fl) dhft;s fd fdlh O;qRe.kh; eSfVDl dh tkfr mlds O;qRe dh tkfr ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
(e) Find the eigen values and the corresponding eigen vectors of the following matrix A: A=| |

fuEu eSfVDl A ds vfHkyk{kf.kd ewyksa ,oa muds laxr lfn'kksa dks Kkr dhft;s %

A=| 4.

(a) Write the statement of Cayley - Hamilton Theorem.

dSyh&gSfeyVu izes; dk izdFku fyf[k;sA

(b) write the condition of consistency of the system of equations AX = B .

lehdj.k fudk; AX = B dh laxrrk dh 'krZ fyf[k;sA

(c) Reduce the following matrix in normal form : | |

fuEu eSfVDl dks vfHkyEc :i esa lekuhr dhft;s %

| |

(d) For what value of k, the following system of equations has non-trivial solution : 2x + 3y + 4z = 0 x+y+z=0 4x + 6y + kz = 0 k ds fdl eku ds fy;s fuEu lehdj.k fudk; ds gy lkFkZd gSa \ 2x + 3y + 4z = 0 x+y+z=0 4x + 6y + kz = 0 (e) Apply matrix theory to solve the following system of equations : 2x + 3y - z = 9 x+y+z=9 3x - y - z = -1

eSfVDl fl)kUr dk iz;ksx dj fuEu lehdj.k fudk; dks gy dhft;s %

2x + 3y - z = 9 x+y+z=9 3x - y - z = -1

Unit - III
5. (a) Define binary operation on a set.

fdlh leqPp ij f}vk/kkjh laf;k dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;sA

(b) Define a group.

,d lewg dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;sA

(c) If G is a finite semi group such that for any a,b,c, G, (i) ab = ac b = c (ii) ba = ca b = c, then prove that G is a group.

;fn fdlh ifjfer lkfelewg esa fdUgha a,b,c, G, ds fy,

(i) ab = ac b = c (ii) ba = ca b = c, rks fl) dhft;s fd G ,d lewg gSA (d) If G is a group, then prove that for a, b G, (ab)-1 = b-1c-1

;fn ,d lewg gks rks fl) dhft;s fdUgha a, b G, ds fy, %

(ab)-1 = b-1c-1 (e) If S is the set of real numbers other than -1, then show that (S,*) is a group where * is the operation defined as : a * b = a + b + ab a, b S

;fn &1 ds vfrfjDr lHkh okLrfod la[;kvksa dk lewPp; S gks rks fl) dhft;s fd (S, *) ,d lewg
6.

gS tgk laf;k * fuEu izdkj ifjHkkf"kr gS %

a * b = a + b + ab a, b S

(a) State Lagrange's theorem.

ykxzkUt izes; dk dFku nhft;sA

(b) Give an example to show that union of two subgroups of a group is not necessarily a subgroup.

,d mnkgj.k nsdj fn[kkb;s fd fdlh lewg ds nks milewgksa dk la?k vfuok;Zr% ,d milewg ugha gksrk gSA
(c) If H and K are two subgroup of a group G, then prove that HK is a subgroup of G iff HK =KH.

;fn H vkSj K lewg G ds nks milewg gksa rks fl) dhft;s HK, G dk milewg gksxk ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn HK = KH.

(d) Find all the Cosets of H = {0,4} in the group G = (Z8 +8).

lewg G = (Z8 +8). esa H = {0,4} ds lHkh lgleqPp; Kkr dhft;sA

(e) Prove that every subgroup of a cyclic group is also cyclic.

fl) dhft;s fd ,d ph; lewg dk izR;sd milewg Hkh ph; gksrk gSA

Unit - IV
7. (a) Define normal subgroup.

izlkekU; milewg dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;sA

(b) Prove that every quotient group of an abelian group is abelian.

fl) dhft;s fd ,d vkcsyh les dk izR;sd foHkkx lewg vkcsyh gksrk gSA
(c) Prove that the intersection of any two normal subgroups of a group is a normal subgroup.

fl) dhft;s fd fdUgha nks izlkekU; milewg dk loZfu"B ml lewg dk ,d izlkekU; milewg gksrk gSA
+ , ad 0 under matrix multiplication

(d) Let G be the group of all real matrices of types * and N = ,| | - then prove that N G,

ekuk G okLrfod la[;kvksa ij * xq.kukRed lewg gS rFkk

+ , ad 0 vkdkj ds lHkh eSfVDl dk N = ,| | - rks fl) dhft;s fd N G,

(e) Prove that the set of all cosets of a normal subgroup H of a group G, is a group with respect to multiplicatioon of cosets defined as follows : HaHb = Hab a,b G

fl) dhft;s fd fdlh lewg G esa mlds fdlh izlkekU; milewg H ds lHkh lgleqPp;ksa dk leqPp; fuEu izdkj ifjHkkf"kr lgleqPp;ksa ds xq.ku ds fy, ,d lewg gksrk gS %
HaHb = Hab 8. a,b G (a) Define homomorphism.

lekdkfjrk dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;sA

(b) Define kernel of a homomorphism.

lekdkfjrk dh vf"V dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;sA

(c) Prove that every group is homomorphic to its quotient group.

fl) dhft;s fd izR;sd lewg vius foHkkx lewg ds lekdkjh gksrk gSA
(d) If a is an element of a group G, then prove that the mapping fa : G G defined by fa (x) = axa-1 x G is an automorphism of G.

;fn a fdlh lewg G esa ,d vo;o gks rks fl) dhft;s fd izfrfp=.k %
fa : G G defined by fa (x) = axa-1 x G

lewg G dh ,d Lokdkfjrk gSA

(e) If f is a homomorphism from a group G to G' with kernel K then prove that K is a normal subgroup of G.

;fn f lewg G ls G' ij ,d lekdkfjrk gks rks fl) dhft;s fd f dh vf"V K,G dk ,d izlkekU; milewg gksrh gSA

Unit - V
9. (a) Define cyclic permutation.

ph; ep; dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;sA

(b) Define order of a permutation.

ep; dh dksfV dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;sA

(c) Find -1 when : = (1 3 5 4) (2 6 8 ) ( 9 7) = ( 8 9 7 6) (5 4 1) (2 3) find wherther -1 is even or odd permutation. Also find ots order. -1 Kkr dhft;s tcfd % = (1 3 5 4) (2 6 8 ) ( 9 7) = ( 8 9 7 6) (5 4 1) (2 3)

crkb;s fd -1 le vFkok fo"ke ep; gSA bldh dksfV Hkh Kkr dhft;sA
(d) Prove that the alternating group An of all even permutation of degree n is a normal subgroup of the symetric group Sn.

fl) dhft;s fd n-va'kkad ds lHkh le ep;ksa dk ,dkUrj lewg An ] Sn lefer lewg dk izlkekU; milewg gksrk gSA
(e) State and prove Cayley theorem.

dsys izes; dks le>kb;s ,oa fl) dhft;sA

10. (a) Define order of an element of a group.

fdlh lewg ds vo;o dh dksfV ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) If in a group G, a-1 b-1 ab = e a, b G, then prove that G is an abelian group.

;fn fdlh lewg esa a-1 b-1 ab = e a, b G rks fl) dhft;s fd G ,d vkcsyh lewg gSA
(c) If in a group G, a5 = e and aba-1 = b2 a,b G then find the order of b.

;fn fdlh lewg G esa a5 = e rFkk aba-1 = b2 a,b G rks b dh dksfV Kkr dhft;sA
(d) If a, b are two elements of a group G such that ambn = ba m, n Z, then prove that ambn-2 , am-2bn, ab-1 are elements of the same order in G.

;fn lewg G esa a,b ,sls vo;o gksa fd ambn = ba m, n Z rks fl) dhft;s fd ambn-2 , am2 n

rFkk ab-1 , G esa leku dksfV ds vo;o gSA

(e) If order of an element a of a group(G,*) is n, then prove that am = e iff m is a multiple of n.

;fn fdlh lewg ds ,d vo;o dh dksfV gks rks fl) dhft;s fd ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn dk xq.kt gksA