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. Can we convert Authorization field to Org, field A.

Authorization field can be changed to Organization field using PFCG_ORGFIELD_CREATE or ZPFCG_ORGFIELD_CREATE Use SE38 or SA38 to run the above report.

Organizational level fields should only be created before you start setting up your system. If you create organizational level fields later, you might have to do an impact analysis. The authentication data may have to be postprocessed in roles. The fields "Activity", "ACTVT" and "Transaction code", "TCD" cannot be converted into an organizational level field.

In addition, all affected roles are analyzed and the authorization data is adjusted. The values of the authorization field which is now to become the organizational level field are removed and entered into the organizational level data of the role. Note: Table for Org Element- USORG Refer to Note 323817 for more detail. Q. How many profiles can be assigned to any user master record. A. Maximum Profiles that can be assigned to any user is ~ 312. Table USR04 (Profile assignments for users). This table contains both information on the change status of a user and also the list of the profile names that were assigned to the user. The field PROFS is used for saving the change flag (C = user was created, M = user was changed), and the name of the profiles assigned to the user. The field is defined with a length of 3750 characters. Since the first two characters are intended for the change flag, 3748 characters remain for the list of the profile names per user. Because of the maximum length of 12 characters per profile name, this results in a maximum number of 312 profiles per user. Q. Can you add a composite role to another composite role? A. No Q. How to reset SAP* password from oracle database. A. Logon to your database with orasid as user id and run this sql delete from sapSID.usr02 where bname='SAP*' and mandt='XXX'; commit; Where mandt is the client. Now you can login to the client using sap* and password pass Q. What is difference between role and profile. A. A role act as container that collect transaction and generates the associated profile. The profile generator (PFCG) in SAP System automatically generates the corresponding authorization profile. Developer used to perform this step manually before PFCG was introduced bySAP. Any maintenance of the generated profile should be done using PFCG. Q. What is user buffer? A. When a user logs on to the SAP R/3 System, a user buffer is built containing all authorizations for that user. Each user has their own individual user buffer. For example, if user Smith logs on to the system, his user buffer contains all authorizations of role USER_SMITH_ROLE. The user buffer can be displayed in transaction SU56. A user would fail an authorization check if:

The authorization object does not exist in the user buffer The values checked by the application are not assigned to the authorization object in the user buffer The user buffer contains too many entries and has overflowed. The number of entries in the user buffer can be controlled using the system profile parameter

auth/number_in_userbuffer.

Q. SAP Security T-codes A. Frequently used security T-codes SU01 Create/ Change User SU01 Create/ Change User PFCG Maintain Roles SU10 Mass Changes SU01D Display User SUIM Reports ST01 Trace SU53 Authorization analysis Click here for all Security T-codes

End User Transaction Code SU3 SU53 SU56 Menu Path System --> User Profile--> Own Data System --> Utilities --> Display Authorization Check Tools --> Administration --> Monitor --> User Buffer Purpose Set address/defaults/parameters Display last authority check that failed Display user buffer

Role Administration Transaction Code PFCG PFUD Menu Path Tools --> Administration --> User Maintenance --> Roles <none> Purpose Maintain roles using the Profile Generator Compare user master in dialog. This function can also be called in the Profile Generator: Environment --> Mass compare The Job for user master comparison is: PFCG_TIME_DEPENDENCY (to Release 4.0 RHAUTUP1) Tools --> Administration --> User Mass Generation of Profiles Maintenance --> Roles --> Environment --> Mass Generation

SUPC

User Administration Transaction Code SU01 SU01D SU10 Menu Path Tools --> Administration --> User Maintenance --> Users Tools --> Administration --> User Maintenance --> Display Users Tools --> Administration --> User Maintenance --> User Mass Maintenance Tools --> Administration --> User Maintenance --> Manual Purpose Maintain Users Display Users User mass maintenance

SU02

Manually create profiles

SU03

Maintenance --> Edit Profiles Manually Tools --> Administration --> User Manually create authorizations Maintenance --> Manual Maintenance --> Edit Authorizations Manually

Profile Generator Configuration Transaction Code RZ10 Menu Path Tools --> CCMS --> Configuration --> Profile Maintenance IMG Activity: Enterprise IMG --> Basis Components --> System Administration --> Users and Authorizations --> Maintain authorizations and profiles using Profile Generator --> Work on SAP check indicators and field values Select: Copy SAP check IDs and field values Same as for SU25: Select: Change Check Indicators Purpose Maintain system profile parameters. (auth/no_check_in_some_cases= Y). Installation 1. Initial Customer Tables Fill Upgrade 2a. Preparation: Compare with SAP values 2b. Reconcile affected transactions 2c. Roles to be checked 2d. Display changed transaction codes

SU25

SU24

Maintain Check Indicators Maintain Templates

Transport Transaction Code SCCL Menu Path Purpose Tools --> Administration --> Local client copy (within one system, Administration --> Client between different clients) Administration --> Client Copy -> Local Copy Tools --> Administration --> Remote Client Copy (between Administration --> Client clients in different systems) Data Administration --> Client Copy -- exchange over a network (not files). > Remote Copy Tools --> Administration --> Client transport (between clients in Administration --> Client different systems) Data exchange Administration --> Client using a data export at operating Transport --> Client Export system level. Tools --> Administration --> User Mass transport of roles Maintenance --> Roles --> Environment --> Mass Transport Tools --> Administration --> User Upload/Download of Roles Maintenance --> Roles --> Role -> Upload/Download Point 3. Transport of Check indicators Tools -->Administration --> Transport Management System Transports --> Transport Management System

SCC9

SCC8

<none>

<none>

SU25 STMS

System configuration Transaction Code RZ10 Menu Path Tools --> CCMS --> Configuration --> Profile Maintenance Purpose Maintain system profile parameters. (auth/no_check_in_some_cases = Y). Description of system profile parameters Lock transaction codes from execution

RZ11 SM01 Tools --> Administration --> Administration --> Transaction Code Administration

Authorization Object Transaction Code SU20 Menu Path Purpose Tools --> ABAP Workbench --> List of authorization fields Development --> Other Tools --> Authorization Objects --> Fields Tools --> ABAP Workbench --> List of authorization objects (Initial Development --> Other Tools --> screen lists by object class) Authorization Objects --> Objects

SU21

Audit Transaction Code SE84 Menu Path Purpose Tools --> Administration --> User Information System for SAP R/3 Maintenance --> Information Authorizations System <none> Audit Information System

SECR*

Table maintenance Transaction Code SM30 (Tables V_BRG, V_DDAT) Table Group Transaction Code SE43 Menu Path Purpose ABAP Workbench --> Maintain (Display) Area Menus Development --> Other Tools --> Area Menus Menu Path Purpose System --> Services --> Table Create table authorization groups Maintenance --> Extended Table (V_BRG) Maintenance Maintain assignments to tables (V_DDAT)

AL01

Common Transaction Codes for Basis Administration SAP Alert Monitor SE14 Utilities for Dictionary SSM0 Menu Tables Maintenance and Test

AL02

Database Alert Monitor SE15

ABAB/4 Repository Info SSM1 System ABAP/4 Run time Analysis ABAP/4 Editor Generate Table View ST01 ST02 ST03

AL03 AL04 AL05

Operating System Alert SE30 Monitor Monitor Call Distribution SE38 Monitor Current Workload Performance: Upload/Download Early Watch Report Users Logged On Download to Early Watch Directories SE54

SAP and Company Menu administration System Trace Setup/Tune Buffers Performance SAP statistics, Workload Select Database Activities SQL Trace Operating System Monitor Application Monitor Network Monitor Network Alert Monitor Table Call Statistics Display Developer Traces Application Monitor Application Analysis ABAP/4 Runtime Error Analysis Local Transaction Statistics TADIR Consistency Check Performance Monitor Menu Maintain User Records Maintain Authorization Profiles Maintain Authorizations Mass Changes to User Master Records Mass Changes to User Master Records

AL06 AL07 AL08 AL10 AL11 AL12 AL13 AL15

SE61 SE80 SE91 SE92 SE93

R/3 Documentation ABAP/4 Development Workbench Maintain Messages Maintain System Log Messages Maintain Transaction Codes Online Help: F1 Help Server Call Extended Help Installation Check

ST04 ST05 ST06 ST07 ST08 ST09 ST10 ST11

Display Table Buffer SH01 (Exp session) Display Shared SH03 Memory (Expert mode) Customize SAPOSCOL SICK destination Local File System Monitor Remote File System Monitor Early Watch Data Collector List Analyze Exclusive Lock Waits Analyze Tables and Indexes SLDB SLW4 SM01 SM02

AL18 AL19 AL20 DB01

Logical Databases ST12 (Tree Structure) Translation: Application ST14 Hierarchy Lock Transactions ST22 System Messages STAT

DB02

SM04

User Overview

STDR

DB03 DB11 DB12

Parameter Changes in SM12 DB Early Watch Profile SM13 Maintenance Overview of Backup SM21 Logs Database SM31 Administration Calendar Show DBA Action Logs SM35

Display and Delete Locks Display Upgrade Records System Log

STUN SU01 SU02

DB13

Table Maintenance

SU03

DB14

Batch Input Monitoring SU10

PFCG

Profile Generator Activity Groups

SM36

Background Job Scheduler

SU12

RZ01

Job Scheduling Monitor SM37

Background Job Overview Queue Maintenance Transaction Job Analysis

SU20

RZ02

Network Graphics for SAP Instances Presentation, Control SAP Instances

SM38

SU21

RZ03

SM39

SU22

RZ04

Maintain SAP Instances SM50

Workprocess Overview SU24

RZ06

Alert Thresholds Maintenance SAP Alert Monitor

SM51

List of SAP Servers

SU25

RZ08

SM63

Display/Maintain Operation Mode Sets Release of an Event

SU30

RZ10 RZ11 SAR SARA

Maintenance of Profile SM64 Parameters Profile Parameters SM65 Maintain Transaction Codes Archive Management SM66 SM67

SU50

Background Processing SU51 Analysis Tool System-wide Work SU52 Process Overview Job Scheduling SU53

SCAT

Computer Aided Test Tool Client Copy Table History

SM68

Job Administration

SU56

SCC0 SCU3

SMGW Gateway Monitor SMLG Logon Groups

SVER SVMC

SD11 SDBE SE01 SE02 SE03 SE07 SE09 SE10

Data Modeler Matchcode Objects (test) Transports and Correction System Environment Analyzer Transport Utilities Transport System Status Display Workbench Organizer Customizer Organizer

SMX SOFF SP00 SP01 SP11 SP12 SPIT SPAD

Display Own Jobs SAPoffice: Area Menu Spool and Related Areas Output Controller TemSe Directory TemSe Administration Output Controller Spool Administration

SWT0 SWU8 SWU9 SWUD SWUE SWUF SWUH SWWD

SE11 SE12 SE13

ABAP/4 Dictionary Maintenance ABAP/4 Dictionary Display Maintain Technical Settings (Tables)

SPAM SAP Patch Manager SPAT

SYNT

Spool Administration - TU01 test SPDD Display Modified DDIC TU02 objects

Maintain Authorization Fields Maintain Authorization Objects Auth Objects Usage in Transactions Maintain Profile Generator Tables Copy SAP to Customer Prof Gen Tables Overall Authorization Checks Maintain User Defaults Maintain User Address Maintain User Parameters Analyze Authorization Error Display list of User Authorizations ABAP/4 Verification Start View Maintenance with Memory Configure Workflow Trace Technical Trace On/Off Display Technical Trace Diagnostic Tools Initiate Event Workflow Monitor Test Method Switch on Work Item Error Monitoring Display Syntax Trace Output Call Statistics Active Instance Profile

parameters

Q List few security Tables Click here for security tables

Q How to create users? Execute transaction SU01 and fill in all the field. When creating a new user, you must enter an initial password for that user on the Logon data tab. All other data is optional. Click here for turotial on creating sap user id Q What is the difference between USOBX_C and USOBT_C? The table USOBX_C defines which authorization checks are to be performed within a transaction and which not (despite authority-check command programmed ). This table also determines which authorization checks are maintained in the Profile Generator. The table USOBT_C defines for each transaction and for each authorization object which default values an authorization created from the authorization object should have in the Profile Generator. Q What authorization are required to create and maintain user master records? The following authorization objects are required to create and maintain user master records:

S_USER_GRP: User Master Maintenance: Assign user groups S_USER_PRO: User Master Maintenance: Assign authorization profile S_USER_AUT: User Master Maintenance: Create and maintain authorizations

Q List R/3 User Types 1. 2. 3. 4. Dialog users are used for individual user. Check for expired/initial passwords Possible to change your own password. Check for multiple dialog logon A Service user - Only user administrators can change the password. No check for expired/initial passwords. Multiple logon permitted System users are not capable of interaction and are used to perform certain system activities, such as background processing, ALE, Workflow, and so on. A Reference user is, like a System user, a general, non-personally related, user. Additional authorizations can be assigned within the system using a reference user. A reference user for additional rights can be assigned for every user in the Roles tab.

Q What is a derived role?

Derived roles refer to roles that already exist. The derived roles inherit the menu structure and the functions included (transactions, reports, Web links, and so on) from the role referenced. A role can only inherit menus and functions if no transaction codes have been assigned to it before. The higher-level role passes on its authorizations to the derived role as default values which can be changed afterwards. Organizational level definitions are not passed on. They must be created anew in the inheriting role. User assignments are not passed on either. Derived roles are an elegant way of maintaining roles that do not differ in their functionality (identical menus and identical transactions) but have different characteristics with regard to the organizational level. Follow this link for more info

Q What is a composite role?

A composite role is a container which can collect several different roles. For reasons of clarity, it does not make sense and is therefore not allowed to add composite roles to composite roles. Composite roles are also called roles. Composite roles do not contain authorization data. If you want to change the authorizations (that are represented by a composite role), you must maintain the data for each role of the composite role. Creating composite roles makes sense if some of your employees need authorizations from several roles. Instead of adding each user separately to each role required, you can set up a composite role and assign the users to that group. The users assigned to a composite role are automatically assigned to the corresponding (elementary) roles during comparison. Follow the link to learn more

Q. What does the different color light mean in profile generator? A.

Q. What are the different tabs in PFCG? A.

Q What does user compare do? If you are also using the role to generate authorization profiles, then you should note that the generated profile is not entered in the user master record until the user master records have been compared. You can automate this by scheduling report FCG_TIME_DEPENDENCY on a daily.

. Can we convert Authorization field to Org, field A. Authorization field can be changed to Organization field using PFCG_ORGFIELD_CREATE or ZPFCG_ORGFIELD_CREATE Use SE38 or SA38 to run the above report.

Organizational level fields should only be created before you start setting up your system. If you create organizational level fields later, you might have to do an impact analysis. The authentication data may have to be postprocessed in roles. The fields "Activity", "ACTVT" and "Transaction code", "TCD" cannot be converted into an organizational level field.

In addition, all affected roles are analyzed and the authorization data is adjusted. The values of the authorization field which is now to become the organizational level field are removed and entered into the organizational level data of the role. Note: Table for Org Element- USORG Refer to Note 323817 for more detail. Q. How many profiles can be assigned to any user master record. A. Maximum Profiles that can be assigned to any user is ~ 312. Table USR04 (Profile assignments for users). This table contains both information on the change status of a user and also the list of the profile names that were assigned to the user. The field PROFS is used for saving the change flag (C = user was created, M = user was changed), and the name of the profiles assigned to the user. The field is defined with a length of 3750 characters. Since the first two characters are intended for the change flag, 3748 characters remain for the list of the profile names per user. Because of the maximum length of 12 characters per profile name, this results in a maximum number of 312 profiles per user. Q. Can you add a composite role to another composite role? A. No Q. How to reset SAP* password from oracle database. A. Logon to your database with orasid as user id and run this sql delete from sapSID.usr02 where bname='SAP*' and mandt='XXX'; commit; Where mandt is the client. Now you can login to the client using sap* and password pass Q. What is difference between role and profile. A. A role act as container that collect transaction and generates the associated profile. The profile

generator (PFCG) in SAP System automatically generates the corresponding authorization profile. Developer used to perform this step manually before PFCG was introduced bySAP. Any maintenance of the generated profile should be done using PFCG. Q. What is user buffer? A. When a user logs on to the SAP R/3 System, a user buffer is built containing all authorizations for that user. Each user has their own individual user buffer. For example, if user Smith logs on to the system, his user buffer contains all authorizations of role USER_SMITH_ROLE. The user buffer can be displayed in transaction SU56. A user would fail an authorization check if:

The authorization object does not exist in the user buffer The values checked by the application are not assigned to the authorization object in the user buffer The user buffer contains too many entries and has overflowed. The number of entries in the user buffer can be controlled using the system profile parameter auth/number_in_userbuffer.

Q. How to find out all roles with T-code SU01? A. You can use SUIM > Roles by complex criteria or RSUSR070 to find out this. Go to the Selection by Authorization Value. In Object 1 put S_TCODE and hit enter. And put SU01 in Transaction code and hit execute (clock with check) button. I use authorization object, as you can use this to test any object. You can also get this information directly from table, if you have access to SE16 or SE16N. Execute SE16N Table AGR_1251 Object S_TCODE VALUE (low) SU01

Q. How to find out all the users who got SU01 ? A. You can use SUIM >User by complex criteria or (RSUSR002) to find this out. Go to the Selection by Authorization Value. In Object 1 put S_TCODE and hit enter. And put SU01 in Transaction code and hit execute (clock with check) button. I use authorization object, as you can use this to test any object. Q. How to find out all the roles for one composite role or a selection of composite roles? A. Execute SE16N Table AGR_AGRS Composite roles You can put multiple composite roles using the more button

Q. How to find out all the derived roles for one or more Master (Parent) roles? A. Execute SE16N Table AGR_DEFINE

Use either agr_name field or Parent_agr field. Q. How can I check all the Organization value for any role? A. Execute SE16N Table AGR_1252 Role Type in the role here and hit execute. You can always download all the information to spreadsheet also using .

Q. How do I restrict access to files through AL11? A. First create an alias. Go to t-code AL11 > configure > create alias. Let say we are trying to restrict alias DIR_TEMP which is /tmp. Open PFCG and assign t-code AL11, and change the authorization for S_DATASET as mentioned below Activity 33 Physical file name /tmp/* Program Name with Search Help * Q. How can I add one role to many users? A. SU10. If you have less than 16 users then you can paste the userids. If you have more than 16 users Click on Authorization data and click on next to users and

upload from clipboard . Hit the change button and go to the role tab and add the roles to be assigned and hit save. Q. What are the Best practices for locking expired users? A. Lock the user. Remove all the roles and profiles assigned to the user. Move them to TERM User group. Q. How can be the password rules enforced ? A. Password rules can be enforced using profile parameter. Follow the link to learn more about the profile parameter. Q. How to remove duplicate roles with different start and end date from user master? A. You can use PRGN_COMPRESS_TIMES to do this. Please refer to note 865841 for more info. Q. How come the users have authorization in PFCG, but user still complains with no authorization? A. Make sure the user master is compared. May be the there is a user buffer overflow Also check the profile- Follow the instruction below. SUIM > User by complex criteria. Put the userid of user who is having issue. Execute Double click on the user id and expand the tree. Select the profile in question and see if the authorization is correct or not. If not do the role reorg in PFCG and see if that helps. Q. How can I have a display all roles. A. Copy sap_all and open the role and change the activity to 03 and 08 Q. How can I find out all actvt in sap? A. All possible activities (ACTVT) are stored in table TACT (transaction SM30), and also the valid activities for each authorization object can be found in table TACTZ (transaction SE16). Q. How to find all the users who got access to change and create users? You can find all users who have access to create or change users using SUIM Execute Transaction SUIM Go to - Users by Complex Selection Criteria >>Users by Complex Selection Criteria or you could run report RSUSR002 using SA38 or SE38 Fill in the screen as shown below, and execute the query. There are couple of other authorization ( S_USER_AGR, S_USER_GRP and S_USER_PRO) you might want to check as well. On the other hand you could just give the user SU01D, which is display user master.

Q. What is SAP? A. SAP is the name of the company founded in 1972 under the German name (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is the leading ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software package. Q. Explain the concept of Business Content in SAP Business Information Warehouse? A. Business Content is a pre-configured set of role and task-relevant information models based on consistent Metadata in the SAP Business Information Warehouse. Business Content provides selected roles within a company with the information they need to carry out their tasks. These information models essentially contain roles, workbooks, queries, InfoSources, InfoCubes, key figures, characteristics, update rules and extractors for SAP R/3, mySAP.com Business Applications and other selected applications. Q. What is IDES? A. International Demonstration and Education System. A sample application provided for faster learning and implementation. Q. What is SAP R/3? A. A third generation set of highly integrated software modules that performs common business function based on multinational leading practice. Takes care of any enterprise however diverse in operation, spread over the world. In R/3 system all the three servers like presentation, application server and database server are located at different system. Q. What are presentation, application and database servers in SAP R/3? A. The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server. All the data are stored in a centralized server. This server is called database server.

Q. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program? A. Convert the legacy system data to a flat file and convert flat file into internal table. Transfer the flat file into sap system called sap data transfer. Call transaction(Write the program explicitly) or create sessions (sessions are created and processed ,if success data will transfer). Q. What are the major benefits of reporting with BW over R/3? Q. Would it be sufficient just to Web-enable R/3 Reports? A. Performance Heavy reporting along with regular OLTP transactions can produce a lot of load both on the R/3 and the database (cpu, memory, disks, etc). Just take a look at the load put on your system during a month end, quarter end, or year-end now imagine that occurring even more frequently. Data analysis BW uses a Data Warehouse and OLAP concepts for storing and analyzing data, where R/3 was designed for transaction processing. With a lot of work you can get the same analysis out of R/3 but most likely would be easier from a BW. Q. What is the difference between OLAP and Data Mining? A. OLAP - On line Analytical processing is a reporting tool configured to understand your database schema, composition facts and dimensions. By simple point-n-clicking, a user can run any number of canned or user-designed reports without having to know anything of SQL or the schema. Because of that prior configuration, the OLAP engine builds and executes the appropriate SQL. Mining is to build the application to specifically look at detailed analyses, often algorithmic; even more often misappropriate called reporting. Q. What is Extended Star Schema and how did it emerge? A. The Star Schema consists of the Dimension Tables and the Fact Table. The Master Data related tables are kept in separate tables, which has reference to the characteristics in the dimension table(s). These separate tables for master data is termed as the Extended Star Schema. Q. Define Meta data, Master data and Transaction data A. Meta Data: Data that describes the structure of data or MetaObjects is called Metadata. In other words data about data is known as Meta Data. Master Data: Master data is data that remains unchanged over a long period of time. It contains information that is always needed in the same way. Characteristics can bear master data in BW. With master data you are dealing with attributes, texts or hierarchies. Transaction data: Data relating to the day-to-day transactions is the Transaction data. Q. What is Bex? A. Bex stands for Business Explorer. Bex enables end user to locate reports, view reports, analyze information and can execute queries. The queries in workbook can be saved to there respective roles in the Bex browser. Bex has the following components: Bex Browser, Bex analyzer, Bex Map, Bex Web. Q. What are variables? A. Variables are parameters of a query that are set in the parameter query definition and are not filled with values until the queries are inserted into workbooks. There are different types of variables which are used in different application: Characteristics variables, Hierarchies and hierarchy node, Texts, Formulas, Processing types, User entry/Default type, Replacement Path. Q. What is AWB?. What is its purpose? A. AWB stands for Administrator WorkBench. AWB is a tool for controlling, monitoring and maintaining all the processes connected with data staging and processing in the business information warehousing. Q. What is the significance of ODS in BIW? A. An ODS Object serves to store consolidated and debugged transaction data on a document level (atomic level). It describes a consolidated dataset from one or more InfoSources. This dataset can be analyzed with a BEx Query or InfoSet Query. The data of an ODS Object can be updated with a delta update into InfoCubes and/or other ODS Objects in the same system or across systems. In contrast to multi-dimensional data storage with InfoCubes, the data in ODS Objects is stored in transparent, flat database tables. Q. What is Extractor? A. Extractors is a data retrieval mechanisms in the SAP source system. Which can fill the extract structure of a data source with the data from the SAP source system datasets. The extractor may be able to supply data to more fields than exist in the extract structure.

Q. How do I change the name of master / parent role keeping the name of derived/child role same? I would like to keep the name of derived /child role same and also the profile associated with the child roles. A. First copy the master role using PFCG to a role with new name you wish to have. Then you have to generate the role. Now open each derived role and delete the menu. Once the menus are removed it will let you put new inheritance. You can put the name of the new master role you created. This will help you keep the same derived role name and also the same profile name. Once the new roles are done you can transport it. The transport automatically includes the Parent roles. What is the difference between C (Check) and U (Unmaintained)? A. Background: When defining authorizations using Profile Generator, the table USOBX_C defines which authorization checks should occur within a transaction and which authorization checks should be maintained in the PG. You determine the authorization checks that can be maintained in the PG using Check Indicators. It is a Check Table for Table USOBT_C. In USOBX_C there are 4 Check Indicators. CM (Check/Maintain) - An authority check is carried out against this object. - The PG creates an authorization for this object and field values are displayed for changing. - Default values for this authorization can be maintained. C (Check) - An authority check is carried out against this object. - The PG does not create an authorization for this object, so field values are not displayed. - No default values can be maintained for this authorization. N (No check) - The authority check against this object is disabled. - The PG does not create an authorization for this object, so field values are not displayed. - No default values can be maintained for this authorization. U (Unmaintained) - No check indicator is set. - An authority check is always carried out against this object. - The PG does not create an authorization for this object, so field values are not displayed. - No default values can be maintained for this authorization.. Q. What does user compare do? A. Comparing the user master: This is basically updating profile information into user master record. So that users are allowed to execute the transactions contained in the menu tree of their roles, their user master record must contain the profile for the corresponding roles. You can start the user compare process from within the Profile Generator (User tab and User compare pushbutton). As a result of the comparison, the profile generated by the Profile Generator is entered into the user master record. Never enter generated profiles directly into the user master record (using transaction SU01, for example)! During the automatic user compare process (with report pfcg_time_dependency, for example), generated profiles are removed from the user masters if they do not belong to the roles that are assigned to the user. If you assign roles to users for a limited period of time only, you must perform a comparison at the beginning and at the end of the validity period. You are recommended to schedule the background job pfcg_time_dependency in such cases Q. Can wildcards be used in authorizations? A. Authorization values may contain wildcards; however, the system ignores everything after the wildcard. Therefore, A*B is the same as A*. Q. What does the PFCG_TIME_DEPENDENCY clean up? A. The 'PFCG_TIME_DEPENDENCY' background report only cleans up the profiles (that is, it does not clean up the roles in the system). Alternatively, you may use transaction 'PFUD'.

Q. What happens to change documents when they are transported to the production system? A. Change documents cannot be displayed in transaction 'SUIM' after they are transported to the production system because we do not have the 'befor input' method for the transport. This means that if changes are made, the 'USR10' table is filled with the current values and writes the old values to the 'USH10' table beforehand. The difference between both tables is then calculated and the value for the change documents is determined as a result. However, this does not work when change documents are transported to the production system. The 'USR10' table is automatically filled with the current values for the transport and there is no option for filling the 'USH10' table in advance (for the history) because we do not have a 'befor input' method to fill the 'USH10' table in advance for the transport. Q. What is the difference between the table buffer and the user buffer? A. The table buffers are in the shared memory. Buffering the tables increases performance when accessing the data records contained in the table. Table buffers and table entries are ignored during startup. A user buffer is a buffer from which the data of a user master record is loaded when the user logs on. The user buffer has different setting options with regard to the 'auth/new_buffering' parameter. Q. What does the Profile Generator do? A. The Profile Generator creates roles. It is important that suitable user roles, and not profiles, are entered manually in transaction 'SU01'. The system should enter the profiles for this user automatically. Q. How many authorizations fit into a profile? A. A maximum of 150 authorization fit into a profile. If the number of authorizations exceed this marker, the Profile Generator will automatically create more profiles for the role. A profile name consists of twelve (12) characters and the first ten (10) may be changed when generated for the first time. Q. What authorization objects are needed for PFCG? SAP Transport Authorization To release Task S_TRANSPRT ACTVT=43, 03, 75 TTYPE=TASK Other type:CLCP Client Transports CUST Customizing Requests DTRA Workbench Requests MOVE Relocation transports PATC Preliminary Corrections and Deliveries PIEC Piece lists TASK Tasks TRAN Transport of copies S_DATASET PROGRAM=SAPLSTRF, SAPLSLOG ACTVT=34 FILENAME=* To release Customizing Requests S_TRANSPRT TTYPE=CUST ACTVT=43, 03, 75 S_DATASET PROGRAM=SAPLSCTS_RELEASE, SAPLSLOG, SAPLSTRF ACTVT=33, 34 FILENAME=* S_RFC FC_TYPE=FUGR RFC_NAME=STPA ACTVT=16;

Authorization object needed for PFCG access S_USER_AGR ACT_GROUP= * (You can restrict by role, if proper naming convention is used) ACTVT=01, 02, 03, 64 other fields below 01 Create or Generate 02 Change 03 Display 06 Delete 08 Display change documents 21 Transport 22 Enter, Include, Assign 36 Extended maintenance 59 Distribute 64 Generate 68 Model 78 Assign 79 Assign Role to Composite Role DL Download UL Upload S_USER_GRP CLASS= ACTVT=22; 03 Other activity 01 Create or Generate 02 Change 03 Display 05 Lock 06 Delete 08 Display change documents 22 Enter, Include, Assign 24 Archive 68 Model 78 Assign S_USER_TCD TCD= * (Transaction in role) S_USER_PRO PROFILE= * ACTVT=01, 06 Other activity 01 Create or Generate 02 Change 03 Display 06 Delete 07 Activate, generate 08 Display change documents 22 Enter, Include, Assign 24 Archive S_TCODE TCD=PFCG; What is client 000 in SAP R/3? Client 000 is defined as the SAP standard and the customer cannot change it. This client serves as a copy template for the creation of further clients.

What are the different type of work process ? The following work process in SAP R/3

Dialog (D): each dispatcher needs at least 2 dialog work processes (not shown above) Spool (S): at least 1 per R/3 System (more than 1 per dispatcher allowed) Update (V): at least 1 per R/3 System (more than 1 per dispatcher allowed) Background (B): at least 2 per R/3 System (more than 1 per dispatcher allowed) Enqueue (E): exactly 1 per R/3 System (only 1 E work process is required and allowed)

How do you start SAP R/3? To start R/3, run the shell script startsap from the home directory of user <sid>adm. startsap starts the saposcol process, which is the statistics collector for operating system resource data, if it is not yet running.

startsap calls the script startdb, which starts the database if it is not already started. startsap then starts the central instance. The R/3 System administrator can start additional instances and application servers. To start the instances independently of the database, use the script startsap. startsap has the following options: startsap r3: Checks if the database is running; if it is, only the instance is started startsap db: Starts only the database startsap all: Default entry; starts both the database and the R/3 instance

In what sequence are profile parameter read? R/3 processes read the appropriate parameters from a C source in the R/3 kernel

The default profile /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/profile/DEFAULT.PFL is read; profile values already defined in the C source are replaced with the values in the default profile The instance profile /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/profile/<SID>_<instance>_<hostname> is read; profile values already defined in the default profile or in the C source are replaced with the values defined in the instance profile This procedure ensures that system parameter values reflect the instance profile and the values in the default profile and the C source.

What are the step involved before stopping R/3 system? Before stopping any R/3 system following steps are basic steps to be performed.

Before the R/3 System is stopped, the R/3 System administrator should check the: Check if any background jobs from any application server are active or have been triggered externally. Use transaction SM37 Check if the background work process BTC is running in any application server. Check if any update records are open when the system is stopped, the records are rolled back and set to status init. At startup, the records are processed again. The administrator must decide whether to interrupt the jobs or wait until they are finished. Give system users advance warning of the system shutdown. To create a system message, you can use transaction SM02. Before shutting down the system, use transaction SM04 to check whether users are still logged on, and ask them to log off. The R/3 System administrator and administrators of external systems should also inform one another about data transfers between their respective systems.

How do you check the work process from UNIX? Use the following commands. To check all the work processes: ps -ef | grep <SID> | grep dw To check the message server: ps -ef | grep <SID> | grep ms

To check the SAP OS collector: ps -ef | grep sapos How do you display the server name? To display the server name, use transaction SM51. Information about the process types is also displayed. For further information, select one of the instances and choose Processes. Alternatively, to display the system processes, use transaction SM66. How do you display all active users in your system? To display the overview of all active users on the instance where you are logged on, use transaction SM04. For a user overview of the whole system, call transaction AL08. . What happens to locks when the enqueue server is restarted? A. If they have not been saved to disk in the backup file, they will be lost. The locks that are inherited by the update task when COMMIT WORK is executed after CALL FUNCTION .. IN UPDATE TASK are saved to the disk. The locks are saved to disk when the update request becomes valid, that is, with the COMMIT WORK. Each time the enqueue server is restarted, the lock entries saved on the disk are reloaded to the lock table. A lock is saved to disk at the point at which the backup flag is set.

Q. The enqueue server is a single-point-of-failure in the SAP System. Can I guarantee high availability for the Enqueue Server? A. To guarantee this you must use the standalone Enqueue Server with the Replication Server. This is described in the documentation Standalone Enqueue Server. SAP note 524816 contains the prerequisites that must be fulfilled for using the standalone Enqueue Servers with the Replication Server. Q. Where is the lock table stored? A. In the main memory (shared memory) of the enqueue server. All work processes on the enqueue server has access to the table. External application servers execute their lock operations in the enqueue process on the enqueue server. Communication in this case takes place via the relevant dispatchers and the message server. Q. Can locks exist directly after startup? A. Yes, the saved locks, which were inherited by the update task, are reloaded to the lock table during startup (see first question). Q. How fast are lock operations? A. In work processes on the enqueue server, a few 100 microseconds. In work processes of external application servers you have to include network communications and process changes. Depending on CPU and network load this amounts to a few milliseconds. Q. What should I do first if a problem arises? A. Use the diagnosis functions: sm12 Extras Diagnosis and then sm12 Extras Diagnosis in update If a problem is reported, back up the trace files dev_w*, dev_disp, dev_eq* and check the Syslog. Q. The following message is displayed in the diagnosis details in SM12: Lock management operation mode Internal lock management in same process What does this message mean and what are the other options? A. "Internal lock management in same work process" in the diagnosis function means that you are logged onto the enqueue server and your work process can access the lock table straight away. You do not have to delegate enqueue requests to an enqueue process on a remote enqueue server. If you are logged onto an application server that is not an enqueue server, the diagnosis function will provide you with the name of the enqueue server. Each SAP System has exactly one application server that functions as an enqueue server. This enqueue server maintains the lock table, which is located in a shared memory segment. All of the work processes

on the enqueue server can access the lock table. All work processes on other application servers delegate their enqueue requests to a special enqueue work process on the enqueue server. This procedure is configured automatically. The parameter line "rdisp/enqname =<application server name>" in the default profile DEFAULT.PFL indicates which application server is currently acting as the enqueue server. When an application server detects that its name matches the name of the enqueue server, it creates the lock table and all of its work processes process enqueue requests inline. If an application server detects that its name does not match the name of the enqueue server, it sends all enqueue requests to the enqueue server. Work processes of the type "enqueue" guarantee that incoming requests are processed immediately. One enqueue process is usually sufficient. In very large SAP Systems with many application servers, a second process can be beneficial. However, it is not expedient to define more than two enqueue processes. If the transaction SM50 -> [CPU] shows that only the first enqueue process is being used, the bottleneck is due to something else. Q.Why is an enqueue work process required in a central system? Don't all work processes have the same access to the shared memory and thus to the lock table? A. Although the enqueue process is not used in a central system, it does not do any harm. Since almost all customers install an application server sooner or later, problems will inevitably arise if the enqueue process is missing. For this reason, the enqueue diagnosis function will output an error if an enqueue process has not been configured. Q. Are the locks in the lock table also set at the database level? If not, database functions could be used to process objects locked in the SAP system. A. Locks are not set on the database. The lock table is stored in the main memory of the enqueue server. Q. Is a lock table built if an enqueue work process is not started on the enqueue server in the instance profile? A. Yes, because the work processes on the enqueue server use the lock table directly, and not via the enqueue process. The latter is only responsible for lock requests from external application servers. Q.How can I find out who is currently holding the ungranted lock? In other words, how can check the program after an ENQUEUE to determine which use is currently holding the lock so that I can let him or her know? A. When the ENQUEUE_... function module is returned, the name of the lock owner is listed in SYMSGV1. Q. Can I use special characters in my lock argument (especially the at sign (@))? A. The at symbol is used as a wildcard in SAP locks (enqueues). In other words, it can stand for any other character during collision checks. For example, the parameter value 12345@ locks the quantities 123450 to 123459, 12345a to 12345z, and 12345A to 12345Z, and all other values with any special character in the 6th character position. This is described in detail in the section Lock Collisions. In order to prevent the wildcard mechanism from being activated in SAP locks when it is not required, you need to ensure when enqueue function modules are called that key value parameters do not contain any wildcard characters. If key values that you want to use to lock individual entities do contain wildcard characters, you have to replace the wildcards with different characters before the enqueue is called. Q. With a single-process system as an enqueue server, we have reached X SD Benchmark users. Can this number be increased by using a multiprocessor system (message server on the same machine as the enqueue server)? Can we assume that scaling is linear (number of CPUs * X SD users)? How many processes are advisable if message servers, dispatchers, one dialog, and two enqueue processes are to run on the system? A. A significant increase in the enqueue server throughput can be expected by using several processors. The CPU load on the enqueue server is distributed relatively evenly between message server, dispatchers, and enqueue work processes, which means that up to 3 processors can be occupied simultaneously. Dispatchers and message server represent the bottleneck with the enqueue. Linear scaling can be expected for up to 3 processors, even if lock requests are so frequent that message server, dispatchers, and work processes are occupied simultaneously. Due to asynchronous system processes (for example, syncer), using more processors can further enhance throughput.

Q. The Syslog often contains messages such as "Enqueue: total wait time during locking: 2500 seconds". How should I analyze this problem? Or is the entry not critical? (There are no records of terminations or timeouts.) A. The message is output for information purposes only but may indicate parallel processing errors with ABAP programs. The specified wait time is the time that has elapsed since startup due to the use of the WAIT parameter when the enqueue function module was called. The WAIT parameter enables a lock attempt to be repeated a number of times, for example, so that the update task does not have to be cancelled when a lock is set temporarily by other programs. The work process remains busy between the lock attempts. Q. User cannot connect to SAP A. Check SAP logon settings, ping the host, check message server, check dispatcher, etc Q. User cannot print A. See if the user has proper authoriztion. check SAP user setup, check SPAD, check spools, check unix queue or print queue at the os level, etc Q. Why do you get "GetProcessList failed: 80004005" error while starting SAP console management A. You have selected one of the Process List nodes in the tree. Then you closed MMC and clicked "Yes" in the dialog "Save console settings to SAPMMC?". Now when you open again the MMC and those processes are not started, you get this error. Solution: Start MMC and select SAP Systems in the tree. Then close it and choose "Yes" in the dialog "Save console settings to SAPMMC?". Now you won't get this annoying error on every start.

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