A STUDY ON ORGANIZATION DEVELOPEMENT

RAKSHITH D.R Department of Business Administration Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering Mysore ABSTRACT Organizational development (OD) is a change management strategy which has been in operation for the last forty or so years. It is based on the understanding of behavioral sciences and is concerned with how people and organizations function and how they can be made to function better through effective use of human and social processes. The turbulence facing the modern man and organization is at a level that may not have been experienced before in human history. Both man and organization are faced by constantly mutating environments that defy any explanation or rationale. Modern changes are more revolutionary than evolutionary as we have understood historical changes. The changes may be influenced by changing customer tastes, competition arising from new technology, changing cultures and processes and higher demands for efficiency, effectiveness, profitability and sustainability. and OD applies behavioral-science knowledge and practices to help organizations change to achieve greater effectiveness. It seeks to improve how organizations relate to their external environments and function internally to attain high performance and high quality of work life OD emphasizes change in organizations that is planned and implemented deliberately. It is both an applied eld of social practice and a domain of scientic inquiry. Practitioners, such as managers, staff experts, and consultants, apply relevant knowledge and methods to organization change processes, while researchers study those processes to derive new knowledge that can subsequently be applied Key words: Organizational development, Technology, profitability and sustainability INTRODUCTION: India in the past decade has come a long as far as opening up its economy; introducing competition, globalization, and liberalization are concerned. The telecom and IT revolution of the country is a case in point and we are continue to lag behind in terms of economic indicators such as per captia income The civil services and public sector in INDIA should be the engines of growth but are perceived by the public as being obstacles to rapid economic development. I am

interested in subject of public sector and I recently had the opportunity to attend a course on egovernment organized by the Singapore Government. Singapore economic development has been and continues to be orchestrated and implemented largely by its government. Exposure to e- government as it has been implemented in Singapore was an eye-opener; I felt e- government holds the solution too many civil services and public sector ailments
E- Government is an ideal tool to: Accelerate public sector reforms Improve Government service radically Improve the image of the government in the eyes of the public Spur economic development Attract greater foreign investment to the country Encourage domestic investment and entrepreneurship Boost tourism Vastly improve the quality of life of our citizens

It has been amply demonstrated by e-government success stories, such as Singapore that the effective implementation of e government apart from improving services delivery, and civils servants performance, also increases transparency and reduces administrative corruption. With greater public access to government rules, procedure and performance data, transparency is enhanced. Implementation of e- government makes it possible to monitor government officers decisions online, brings about automation of procedures, reduces the discretionary powers of public officials and eliminates intermediaries, thus lowering the scope for corruption.

Literature and Review

According to Warren Bennis, Organizational Development (OD) (1969) is a response to change, a complex educational strategy intended to change the beliefs, attitudes, values, and structure of organizations so that they can better adapt to new technologies, markets, and challenges, and the dizzying rate of change itself.

Some of the more common OD interventions include: change management, coaching, organizational design, visions, missions, values, and teambuilding.

Organizational Development (OD) is the process of planned change and improvement of organizations through the application of knowledge of the behavioral sciences. Moorhead and Griffin (2001). Three points in this definition make it simple to remember and use. First, organizational development involves attempt to plan organizational changes, which excludes spontaneous, haphazard initiatives. Second, the specific intention of organization development is to improve organizations. This point excludes changes that merely imitate those of other organizations, or which are forced on the organization by external pressures, or are undertaken merely for the sake of changing. Thirdly the planned improvement must be based on the knowledge of behavioral sciences, such as organizational behavior, psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, and related fields of study, rather than on financial or technological considerations.

In the opinions French and Bell (1999) Organizational development is a long-terms effort led and supported by top management, to improve problem solving processes through an on-going, Collaborative management of Organizational Culture-with special emphasis on the consultant facilitator role and the theory and technology of applied behavioral science, including participants action research. According to Umoh (2002) Organizational Development refers to the development of and performance of people working in the organization. OD is an applied behavioural science approach to planned change and development of an organization in attempts to improve the overall performance and effectiveness. In this case, Umoh posits that, it is concerned with the diagnosis of organizational health and the ability to adapt to change and therefore embraces a wide range of intervention strategies into the social processes of the organization. OD is a planned effort, initiated by process specialists to help an organization develop its diagnostic skills, coping capabilities, linkage strategies in the form of temporary and semipermanent systems and a culture of mutuality ( Pareek, 1975) OD is a systematic effort, using behavioral science knowledge and skill, to change or transform the organization to a new state. (Beckhard, 1999)

OD . is a response to change, a complex educational strategy intended to change the beliefs, attitudes, values, and structure of organization so that they can better adapt to new technologies, markets, and challenges, and the dizzying rate of change itself (Bennis, 1969) OD is a system-wide and value based collaborative process of applying behavioural science knowledge to the adaptive development, improvement, and reinforcement of such organizational features as the strategies, structures, processes, people, and cultures that lead to organizational effectiveness (Bradford, Burke, Seashore and Worley, 2004 as quoted by Warrick, 2005)

Research and Methodology

METHODOLOGY

The aim of this study was to further the process of developing Organizational Development (OD), by contributing to the emergence of theories and formal documentation of this field. In this we introduce qualitative inquiry as the methodological framework of this study. It begins with an overview of the research method, explaining the philosophical framework and research strategy in practical and theoretical terms. It then describes the details of the method, including the data collection and data analysis processes. I this study we own focus are the related methods
the way the samples were selected and the data generated and analyzed. data generation is via qualitative interviewing the data are elicited through open-ended questions asked during

interviews, and capture direct quotations about peoples personal perspectives and experience.

Data Collection Data in qualitative research can come from interviews, observations or document analysis The first step of the data analysis process was to transcribe the interviews I decided to do this myself to enable me to get close to and familiar with the data. This was followed by working through a generic approach to inductive analysis, suggested by Tesch (1990). I used Microsoft Excel to manage my data.

Data management.

The data was managed during the analysis process using Microsoft Excel (Excel). Initially the transcripts were written in Microsoft Word (MSWord), and converted to tables which enabled the transcripts to be broken into chunks of information (Tesch, 1990) by creating a row for each chunk

The data has been collected from 60 respondents 30 from India and 30 from Singapore working in the organization through online survey method by using the questionnaire. For preparing questionnaire, care was taken to se that questions were framed based on the objective of the study, questionnaire was basically designed to find out the Organization Development in Jubilant Life Science.

Limitations There are a number of limitations to this study the most significant is that I was the only participant in the study the limited amount of time available to devote to this study and the age of the data used in this study. My lack of experience as a qualitative researcher and the complications of interviewing people more senior to me in terms of Process Work knowledge and expertise are further limitations.