Professional Documents
Culture Documents
= ,
G
G
x m
= Re and
G
G pG
G
c
= Pr
where D is the tube diameter.
(12 marks)
(c) For an ideal gas, show that the specific heat capacities (J/kg K) at constant
pressure (
p
c ) and constant volume (
v
c ) are given by :
3
and
1 1
p v
kR R
c c
k k
= =
where k is /
p v
c c and R is the gas constant. Note that /
u
R R M = where
u
R is the
Universal Gas Constant ( = 8314 Nm/kg K) and M is the molecular weight of the
gas (kg/kmol).
(6 marks)
(d) Describe the stages of a large break loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in a PWR,
showing in a series of sketches, the position of the water at each stage.
(4 marks)
QUESTION 2
(a) Borated crud deposits on PWR cladding can modify the axial flux distribution.
Why is this, and why is the boron added to the coolant anyway?
(3 marks)
(b) It is found that a reasonable model of the crud-modified axial flux distribution
along a PWR channel is:
z ( )=
cos
z
L
|
\
|
.
|
1+ sin
2z
L
|
\
|
.
|
|
\
|
.
|
where the symbols have their usual meanings, and a is a number of magnitude of
order 0.05. Sketch on the same axes the normal and crud-modified thermal energy
generation distribution.
(2 marks)
(c) Show that an expression for the coolant temperature as a function of axial position
in the channel for this flux distribution is:
T z
( )
T
in
=
q
0
L
& mC
p
sin
z
L
|
\
|
.
|
+1
2
3
cos
3
L
z
|
\
|
.
|
(
You may find it helpful to know that cosaxsin2axdx
x
1
x
2
=
2
3a
cos
3
ax
1
cos
3
ax
2
( )
.
(10 marks)
(d) Use this to develop an expression for the cladding surface temperature as a
function of axial position in the channel for this flux distribution. Arrange this
expression in the form that provides the value for crud-free cladding, plus a
perturbation due to the crud.
(10 marks)