JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ART

132

CHIMAERA / GEORGE E. BEAN ZEL SAYISI

TrkYEDEN KLASK FLOLOJ VE EPGRAFYA ALIMALARI

CLASSICAL PHILOLOGY AND EPIGRAPHY IN TURKEY

STUDIES IN MEMORY OF GEORGE E. BEAN

Yayna Hazrlayanlar / eDITED BY

A. VEDAT ELGN - M. Nezh BAGELEN

Yl: 31 Say: 132

Eyll-Aralk 2009

132

ARKEOLOJ VE SANAT DERGS

Sahibi ve Yayn Ynetmeni Nezih BAGELEN Sorumlu Yaz leri Mdr Orhun GKAY 132. Saynn Bilim Editr Prof. Dr. A. Vedat ELGN dari Ynetim Sema BAGELEN Redaksiyon / Blent ZTRK

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NEW INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE KARADENZ EREL MUSEUM I

BLENT ZTRK* - HSAN FAHR SNMEZ**
KARADENZ EREL MZESNDEN YEN YAZITLAR I zet T.C. Kltr ve Turizm Bakanl, Kltr Varlklar ve Mzeler Genel Mdrlnden aldmz izinle, Karadeniz Ereli Mzesinin daha nceden yaymlanm ve yaymlanmam tm yaztlarn bir corpus altnda toplamak zere bir proje balattk ve mzede korunan sz konusu yaztlar kayt altna alarak, gerekli n almalar gerekletirdik. Yaztlar Zonguldak ve evresine (Ereli, aycuma/Filyos, Devrek, Gkebey, Kilimli, Alapl) aittir. almalarn ilk blmn oluturan bu makalede daha nce yaymlanmam 10 Hellence mezar yazt tantlmaktadr. Bunlardan sekizi Herakleia Pontike (Pontika) kenti ve territoriumundan (Ereli, Alapl), ikisi ise Tios (Tieion) antik kentinden olup, hepsi Roma mparatorluk Dnemine tarihlenmektedir. Bu yaztlar srasyla: 1) Herakleon Olu Dionysiosun Mezar; 2) Herakleitos Olu (Kk) ocuk Herakleitosun Mezar 3) Herakleides Kz Iuliann Mezar 4) Mikkos Kz Khrysenin Mezar; 5) Tolas Kz Khryseann Mezar; 6) Olympikhos Olu Olympikhosun Mezar; 7) Menianus Olu Senianusun Mezar; 8) Herakleitos Kz Tryphosann Mezar; 9) Menadros Olu Kseniosun Mezar; 10) smi Bilinmeyen Bir Kiiye Ait Lahit Parasna aittir. Geri kalan dier yaztlar zerindeki almalarmz devam etmekte olup, sonular ilerleyen almalarda ortaya konulacaktr. Anahtar Kelimeler: Karadeniz, Bithynia, Zonguldak, Herakleia Pontike, Ereli, Tios, Tieion, Filyos, Alapl, Yazt, Karadeniz Ereli Mzesi. Abstract As part of a project to compile all published and unpublished Greek and Latin inscriptions in the Karadeniz Ereli Museum into a corpus, inscriptions were copied and worked on with the permission of the Ministry of Culture and Tourisms General Directorate of Culture Heritage and Museums. These inscriptions are all from Zonguldak Region (Ereli, aycuma/Filyos, Devrek, Gkebey, Kilimli, Alapl). In this article, ten previously unpublished Greek funerary inscriptions are presented: eight of them are from ancient Heraclea Pontica and its territorium (Ereli, Alapl), and two are from the ancient city of Tios (Tieion, Filyos). All are dated to the Roman Imperial period. Key Words: Black Sea, Bithynia, Zonguldak, Heraclea Pontica, Ereli, Tios, Tieion, Filyos, Alapl, Inscription, Karadeniz Ereli Museum.
* Classical Philologist; PhD Student, Marmara University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of History / Ancient History, stanbul; bul.oztrk@gmail.com ** Classical Philologist; ihsanfahrisonmez@gmail.com We thank the Ministry of Culture and Tourisms General Directorate of Culture Heritage and Museums for the permission to work on the inscriptions of the museum; we are grateful to Ahmet Mercan the director, to Handan zalpay, to nver Gen and to Onur Arslan the archaeologists and to all staff of the Karadeniz Ereli Museum for their kind assistance and hospitality during our research stay in the museum; to Muhsin Endoru the director of Samsun Archaeology Museum who was the director of Eregli Museum during a period of our works, to Prof. Dr. Smer Atasoy for his all supports and contributions to work on the inscriptions; to Prof. Dr. Blent plikiolu for sharing his valuable opinions and ideas with us; to Prof. Dr. Vedat elgin and William Anderson for checking the article; to Dr. Hseyin Sami ztrk for his all assistance during our researchs in the museum and preparation of this article. 129

Most ancient cities along the southern Black Sea coastline are today submerged under modern buildings. This makes archaeological excavations and researches in this region difficult and has caused the cities to be neglected. Consequently, epigraphical research and publications have also been neglected for this region compared with other parts of Asia Minor. Epigraphical research into Heraclea Pontica (Herakleia Pontike) and Tios (Tieion), significant ancient cities of the Turkish Black Sea coast, started with the records of researchers who travelled here at the end of 19th century and at the beginning of 20th century1 and continued with the publication of inscriptions of Heraclea Pontica in various publications2 up to 1994, when the first epigraphical corpus of this ancient city was formed.3 But since that time, new inscriptions from Ereli and other regions have been brought to the museum through archaeological survey4 and other discoveries.5 Further epigraphical work has not been undertaken on the ancient city of Tios (Tieion) in recent times, but excavations at Tios, started with the cooperation of the Museum of Karadeniz Ereli and the Department of Archaeology, University of Trakya in the summer of 2006 and continuing in the summers of 20072009 under the direction of Prof. Dr. Smer Atasoy,6 have revealed new inscriptions.7 With the permission of Ministry of Culture and Tourisms General Directorate of Culture Heritage and Museums and the support of the director of the Karadeniz Ereli Museum, Ahmet Mercan, a project was started to compile all published and unpublished Greek and Latin inscriptions in the museum into a corpus. The inscriptions which were copied and worked on with are all from the Zonguldak Region (Ereli, aycuma/Filyos, Devrek, Gkebey, Kilimli, Alapl). In this article, ten previously unpublished funerary inscriptions are pre130

sented: eight of them are from ancient Heraclea Pontica and its territorium (Ereli, Alapl) and two are from the ancient city of Tios (Tieion, Filyos). All are dated to the Roman Imperial period. Our work on the inscriptions continues and the further results will be published in the future.
1. GRAVE OF DIONYSIOS, SON OF HERAKLEON (Photo 1) Inv. No. Provenance Measurements Date : A.00.4.1. : Ereli. : H: 0.41 m; W: 0.23 m; D: 0.10 m; LH: 0.012-0.014 m. : 2nd century A.D.- first half of 3rd century A.D.

Rectangular, white marble stele. In the middle of the stele there is a recess in the form of niche with the relief of a standing male figure dressed in himation. His right arm is held on his left chest in a conventional greeting pose. Dionsiow Hra. klvnow tn . j. Xare. Dionysios, son of Herakleon, (died) at the age of 60. Farewell ! 2. GRAVE OF INFANT HERAKLEITOS, SON OF HERAKLEITOS (Photo 2) Inv. No. Provenance Measurements Date : A.199280. : Ereli. : H: 0.96 m; W: 0.46 m; D: 0.125 m; LH: 0,028-0,04 m. : 2nd century A.D. (on the basis of reliefs and letters).

Rectangular, white marble stele with a triangular pediment and corner acroters. There is a relief of circular rosette carved in the middle of the pediment. In the middle of the stele there is a recess with the relief of a child figure dressed in khlamys who is holding a pigeon in his left hand on his left chest and holding grapes in his right hand

and of a dog which is eating grapes, on the right of the child figure. Hrkleitow Hrakletou, npiow. . Infant Herakleitos, son of Herakleitos. It is understood from the inscription that this grave stele belongs to a male infant. Three possibilities are there to define the child relief on grave stele: Nepios (= Infant) Herakleitos the owner of the grave stele, an infant Dionysus and Eros. Similar scenes as this (a dog eating grapes which a figure hold in his hand), are known from other relief sculptures.8 On a grave stele in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum (inv. no. 5026), a male figure is holding a bird in his left hand and grapes in his right hand and a dog is raising its head to reach these grapes.9 A child sarcophagus from

Sinope dated to the 2nd century A.D. in the same museum (inv. no. 1165 T), depicts a similar scene: a child figure defined as Eros holds out grapes in his right hand to a dog.10 A scene on a Roman (probably from 2nd century A.D.) bomos from Dorylaion (today in Bursa Museum, inv. no. 1065) which is dedicated to Epiphanes Theos Dionysos by neoi mystai (= new initiated cult members) shows a male figure, defined as Dionysus, holding grapes that are being eaten by a dog.11 Another example is in the Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (possibly from Asia Minor), a Roman period sculpture dated to 140-170 A.D. This sculpture comprises the figure of child Dionysus dressed in khlamys and the grapes at his feet seized on by an animal (a dog?).12 On the basis of these examples, this child figure could be defined as Dionysus or Eros and it could be dated to the 2nd century A.D.

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The pigeon figure on grave steles generally symbolizes the soul of the dead;13 in this stele possibly the soul of Herakleitos. On the other hand we should not forget that children could appear with their pets on grave reliefs, and pigeon, dove and dog could be the childs favorites. 3. GRAVE OF IULIA, DAUGHTER OF HERAKLEIDES (Photo 3) Inv. No. Provenance Measurements Date : A.99.7.3. : Ereli. : H: 0.45 m; W: 0.35 m; D: 0.08 m; LH: 0.01-0.023 m. : Roman Imperial Period.

Xrse, Mkkou yugthr, gun d Filpp[ou], tn j. Xar[e]. Khryse, daughter of Mikkos, wife of Philippos, (died) at the age of 60. Farewell ! 1 The name of Xrse with the suffix e: should be Xrsh or Xrsa: For the name of Xrsa see PAPE BENSELER 1959: 1691-1692; for the changing from the letter of a into e, see GIGNAC 1977: 278-282. For the name of Xrsh see PAPE BENSELER 1959: 1692; for the changing from the letter of h into e, see GIGNAC 1977: 244-246. For the name of Mkkow see PAPE BENSELER 1959: 923. 2 gun = gun. In Doric dialect the letter of h might be changed into a. For this usage, see FISK 1830: 225. 5. GRAVE OF KHRYSEA, DAUGHTER OF TOLAS (Photo 5) Inv. No. Provenance Measurements Date : A.98.1.1. : Ereli, Town of Ormanl, Village of Sarkaya. : H: 0.45 m; W: 0.325 m; D: 0.06 m; LH: 0.009-0.015 m. : Roman Imperial Period.

Rectangular, white marble stele. In the middle of the stele there is a rectangular recess with the relief of a seated female figure dressed in khiton and himation over her head. [I]o ula, H[rak]ledou yu. . . . gthr, tn ig. Xare. . . Iulia, daughter of Herakleides, (died) at the age of 13. Farewell ! 4. GRAVE OF KHRYSE, DAUGHTER OF MIKKOS (Photo 4) Inv. No. Provenance Measurements Date : A.95.6.1. : Alapl, Village of Bektal. : H: 0.70 m; W: 0.28 m; D: 0.11 m; LH: 0.018-0.031 m. : Roman Imperial Period.

Rectangular white marble stele with a triangular pediment and corner acroters. The lower right corner of the stele is broken. There is a relief of a circular rosette carved in the tympanum. This funerary stele represents a farewell scene: In the middle of the stele there is a rectangular recess with the reliefs of a seated woman figure facing to the right, dressed in khiton and himation over her head; a basket on the left of the woman; a standing female servant figure on the right dressed in khiton and himation, a frontally-facing male servant on the left of the stele dressed in himation.

Rectangular, white marble stele with a triangular pediment and corner acroters. In the middle of the stele there is a rectangular recess with the relief of a female figure dressed in khiton and himation over her head, who is lying on a kline and holding phiale in her left hand. There is a relief of a banquet table in right front of the kline. Xrsea, Tvla yugthr, tn p. Xare. Khrysea, daughter of Tolas, (died) at the age of 80. Farewell ! 1 For the name of Xrsea, see PAPE BENSELER 1959: 1692.
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134 10 9

The name of Tvlaw, is documented firstly here by this inscription. For the masculines with the suffix -aw and for the usage of genetivus with the suffix -a, see PETERSEN 1937. 6. GRAVE OF OLYMPIKHOS, SON OF OLYMPIKHOS (Photo 6) Inv. No. Provenance Measurements Date : A.2001.895. : Ereli, Ba(l)lky. : H: 0.55 m; W: 0.4 m; D: 0.055 m; LH: 0.015-0.019 m. : Roman Imperial Period.

Senianw Mhniano zsaw kos4 mevw th ka. Xare. Senianus, son of Menianus, lived exemplarily 21 years. Farewell ! 1 The Latin name of Senianus is seen in Greek form (Senianw) for the first time. The name is thought to be a Celtic Roman name, about this item see KEUNE 1923; EVANS 1967; DELAMARRE 2001: 270-271; SIMS-WILLIAMS 2003: 93-94; CPNRB, Senianus, there: http://www. asnc.cam.ac.uk/personalnames. This name is seen in one of Senecas work (see Seneca, ConExc. 5.2.1.17-19) and in Latin inscriptions, (see CIL 11,1, no. 1147; SCHMIDT 1957: 266-267; BURRELL 1993: 292-293; TOMLIN 1998, no. 17.1; SALOMIES 2008: 86-87). It is noteworthy that a Celtic Roman name appears at the ancient city of Tios (Tieion). 2 For the name of Mhnianw (= Menianus), see SAYAR 1998, no. 164 = SEG 48 (1998): no. 946 (Thracia/Perinthos Heraclea, after 212 A.D.); STERRETT 1888: 67, no. 53-55 (Pisidia/Ormeleis, ca. 200 A.D.). 3-4 kosmevw = kosmvw 8. GRAVE OF TRYPHOSA, DAUGHTER OF HERAKLEITOS (Photo 8) Inv. No. Provenance Measurements Date : A.2005/1.A. : Alapl, Village of Demirciler. : H: 0.50 m; W: 0.35 m; D: 0.09 m; LH: 0.015-0.021 m. : Roman Imperial Period.

Rectangular, white marble stele. The lower right and left corners of the stele are broken; there are also two deep cracks, one is from the top and the other is from left corner to the bottom. In the middle of the stele there is a rectangular recess with the reliefs of a male figure dressed in khiton and himation, who is lying on a kline; a banquet table on the left in the right front of kline; an ox facing to the right in the lower left and outside the recess behind the ox is a relief of a male servant figure dressed in himation facing to the right. Olmpixo[w] Olu[m]. pxo<u> vac. tn ke. . Xar e. . . Olympikhos, son of Olympikhos, (died) at the age of 25. Farewell ! 1-2 OLU[.]PIXOS lapis. 7. GRAVE OF SENIANUS, SON OF MENIANUS (Photo 7) Inv. No. Provenance Measurements Date : A.00.8.1. : Tios (Tieion). : H: 1.25 m; W: 0.26 m; D: 0.28 m; LH: 0.01-0.024 m. : Roman Imperial Period.

Rectangular, high, white marble pedestal of which the lower and the upper parts are profiled. On the top there is a recess for a bust.

Rectangular, white marble stele with a triangular pediment and corner acroters. There is a crack in the left acroter and lower part is broken. There is a relief of a female figure dressed in khiton and himation over her head. Her right arm is held on her left chest in a conventional greeting pose. There is also a standing female(?) servant, portrayed frontally on the right corner, who is dressed in khiton and himation.
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[Tr]ufsa Hrakletou tn pe. Xare. Tryphosa, daughter of Herakleitos, (died) at the age of 85. Farewell ! 9. GRAVE OF KSENIOS, SON OF MENADROS (Photo 9) Inv. No. Provenance Measurements Date : A.00.10.3. : Ereli. : H: 0.55 m; W: 0.34 m; D: 0.108 m; LH: 0.016-0.02 m. : 123 A.D. (According to Actium Era)

letter of o into v, see GIGNAC 1977: 277. For the month of Gorpiaow, see BISCHOFF 1912: 1664, Gorpiaios (Gorpiaow); LIDDELL SCOTT 1996: 358; McLEAN 2002: 166-170. 10. SARCOPHAGUS OF AN UNKNOWN PERSON (Photo 10) Inv. No. Provenance Measurements Date : A.2002/49. : The ancient city of Tios (Tieion). : H: 0.28 m; W: 0.26 m; D: 1.25 m; LH: 0.01-0.024 m. : Roman Imperial Period.

Rectangular white marble stele with a pediment with a triangular frame and acroters. There is a circular rosette carved in the tympanum. In the middle of the stele there is a rectangular recess with the relief of a funeral banquet: There is a male figure dressed in khiton, lying on the kline and holding aryballos in his left hand. Across him on the left is a figure of a woman dressed in a khiton and himation over her head, sitting on the left side of the kline. There is a banquet table in the middle, in front of the kline and there are also two figures standing, both portrayed frontally at the left and right corners; the one on the left is a female servant dressed in a khiton and himation and the one on the right is a male servant dressed in himation. Jniow, Mendrou uw, tn kg. Xare. Etouw dnr, Gvrpiaou bi. . Ksenios, son of Menadros, (died) at the age of 23. Farewell ! 12th (day) of (the month) Gorpiaios of the year 154. 1 For the name of Mendrow, see SEG 19 (1963): no. 780 (Pisidia/Boazii); SEG 37 (1987): 451 (Thessalia/ Demetrias, 2nd-3rd century A.D.). 3 Etouw dnr = The year of 154. The era of Heraclea Pontica is accepted as Actium Era (31 B.C.), see LESCHHORN 1993: 198. This grave stele is dated to 123 A.D. Gvrpiaou = Gorpiaou; It is seen also on an inscription from North Galatia as Gvrpiaow, see RECAM 2, no. 195. For the changing from the
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The lower part of a rectangular sarchophagus, the upper part of which is missing. The inscription is in tabula ansata. ------[zsaw / zsasa] kosmvw th m. [lived] exemplarily 40 years.

NOTES
1. The first epigraphical works about these sites and their territory are respectively done by G. PERROT et alii, J. PARGOIRE, G. MENDEL, H. P. MAKPH, E. KALINKA and L. ROBERT. The researchers copied all of the inscriptions which they were able to find in the area (see PERROT et alii 1872: 15-19; PARGOIRE 1898: 492-496; MENDEL 1901: 36-49; MAKPH 1908: 128-134; KALINKA 1933: 44-111; ROBERT 1937: 272-296), but most of these are lost today. 2. For these inscriptions see LSAM, no. 83; DRNER 1962: 30-35; DRNER 1963: 132139; AHN 1975: 293-297 = SEG 31 (1981): no. 1071; TAM 4,1, no. 264; PFUHL MBIUS 1977-1979, no. 1744-1746, 2019, 2024 = SEG 29 (1979): no. 1361-1365; JONNES 1986: 97-100 = SEG 36 (1986): no. 1164-1166; CREMER 1992, no. 172-174 = SEG 42 (1992): no. 1137-1139. 3. L. JONNES and W. AMELING published the first and only epigraphic catalogue and prosopographia of Heraclea Pontica that presents 85 inscriptions of the city (see IK 47). In the same year T. AKKAYA, listing the the cultural inventory of Heraclea Pontica, also registered inscriptions that were found around the city (see AKKAYA 1994). In the following period a list of

names was formed by A. Avram (see AVRAM 1996). The amphora inscriptions, dated to 5.-4. century B.C., were also published (see KAC 2003 = SEG 53 [2003]: no. 1428; TELEAGA 2003). 4. KARAUUZ 2006: 71; KARAUUZ 2008: 44. 5. KARAUUZ 2008: 58. 6. For the excavations and researches in Tios (Tieion) and the history of this ancient city see SNMEZ ZTRK 2008; ZTRK 2008; ATASOY 2008; ATASOY ERTURUL 2009; ANDERSON 2009. 7. The inscriptions of Tios (Tieion) are being studied by Blent ztrk as a doctoral dissertation thesis, in Marmara University under the supervisor of Prof. Dr. Blent plikiolu, the head of Ancient History Departmant and the first results will be presented in the future. As part of a project all published and unpublished Greek and Latin inscriptions are planned to compile into a corpus. 8. CUMONT 1942: 495, 498; FIRATLI 1965: 308-309. 9. FIRATLI 1965: 309, Plate XL, Photo 26. 10. MENDEL 1912, no. 41. 11. HASPELS 1962, no. 2. 12. http://www.mfa.org/collections ChildDionysus 13. CUMONT 1942: 319; 409; 413; FIRATLI 1965: 308.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AA = Anatolia Antiqua AJA = American Journal of Archaeology AKKAYA 1994 = T. AKKAYA, Herakleia Pontike (Karadeniz Erelisi)nin Tarih Geliimi ve Eski Eserleri, stanbul 1994. ANDERSON 2009 = W. ANDERSON, Late Byzantine Occupation of the Castle at Tios, AA 17 (2009), 265-277. AnzPHK = Anzeiger der sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse ArkSan = Arkeoloji ve Sanat AST = Aratrma Sonular Toplants ATASOY 2008 = S. ATASOY, Zonguldak-Filyos (Tios/Tieion/Tion/Tianos/Tieium) Kurtarma Kazs, urada: Prof. Dr. Haluk Abbasoluna 65. Ya Armaan, EUERGETES, Yay. Haz.: . DELEMEN S. OKAY-KEPE A. ZDZBAY . TURAK, stanbul 2008: 91-97. ATASOY - ERTURUL 2009 = S. ATASOY . ERTURUL, Filyos - Tios Kazs 2007, KST 30,4 (2009), 1-14. AUBSI = Analele Universitatii Bucureti, Seria istorie

AVRAM 1996 = A. AVRAM, Zu den Personennamen von Herakleia am Pontos, AUBSI 45 (1996) [1998], 17-26. BCH = Bulletin de Correspondance Hellnique Belleten = Belleten BISCHOFF 1912 = BISCHOFF Gorpiaios (Gor, piaow), RE 14 (1912), 1614. BURRELL 1993 = B. BURRELL, Two inscribed columns from Caesarea Maritima, ZPE 99 (1993), 287295. CIL = Corpus Inscriptionum Latinorum CPh = Classical Philology CPNRB = Celtic Personal Names of Roman Britain CREMER 1992 = M. CREMER, Hellenistisch-rmische Grabstelen im nordwestlichen Kleinasien, 2: Bithynien, Bonn 1992. CUMONT 1942 = F CUMONT, Recherches sur le . Symbolisme Funraire des Romains, Paris 1942. DELAMARRE 2001 = X. DELAMARRE, Dictionnaire de la Langue Gauloise, Paris 2001. DRNER 1962 = F K. DRNER, Vorbericht . ber eine im Herbst 1961 ausgefhrte Reise in Bithynien, AnzPHK 99 (1962), 30-35. DRNER 1963 = F K. DRNER, Vorbericht . ber eine Reise in Bithynien und im bithynisch-paphlagonischen Grenzgebiet 1962, AnzPHK 100 (1963), 132-139. EA = Epigraphica Anatolica. Zeitschrift fr Epigraphik und historische Geographie Anatoliens EVANS 1967 = D. E. EVANS, Gaulish Personal Names, Oxford 1967. FIRATLI 1965 = N. FIRATLI, stanbulun Yunan ve Roma Mezar Stelleri, Belleten 29 (1965), 263-328. FISK 1830 = B. F FISK, A Grammar of the Greek . Language, Boston 1830. GIGNAC 1977 = F T. GIGNAC, A Grammar of the . Greek Papyri of the Roman and Byzantine Periods, I: Phonology, II: Morphology, Milano 1977. HASPELS 1962 = C. H. E. HASPELS, Relics of a Dionysiac Cult in Asia Minor, AJA 66 (1962), 285-287. IK 47 = L. JONNES (Hrsg.), Inschriften griechischer Stdte aus Kleinasien, 47: The Inscriptions of Herakleia Pontika. With a Prosopographia Heracleotica by W. AMELING. Bonn 1994. JONNES 1986 = L. JONNES, Three Inscriptions from Heracleia Pontica, EA 7 (1986), 97-100. KAC 2003 = V. I. KAC, A new chronology for the ceramic stamps of Herakleia Pontike, urada: The Cauldron of Ariantas: studies presented to A. N. Sceglov on the occasion of his 70th birthday,
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