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QOS BASED DYNAMIC WEB SERVICE COMPOSITION

P.RAMPRABHU,M.phil.,DCA.,Librarian in Ganadipathy Tulsi’s Jain Engineering College


Abstract specify and select the Web Services
dynamically based on a set of functional
Web Services technology allows and QoS criteria.
interoperability between applications and In order to be able to select
provides flexibility to integrate services at execution time, services are
information. In order to support required to be searched and found
information to information or Institution based on specific criteria. The
application integration, Web Services are Universal Description Discovery
required to collaborate. Web Service Integration (UDDI) is a
composition focuses on information complementary technology to search
process creation based on orchestration web services located on different sites
and choreography of Web Services. The on the Internet. Existing UDDI
manual composition of Web Service is technology uses central server
time consuming and requires a (operators) to store pointers to
significant amount of detailed coding registered web services. However,
dealing with various services. As the UDDI will come into the drawbacks
number of services increase in a associated with using a central system
composite service the orchestration such as availability, scalability and
among the services becomes more performance. The other drawback that
problematic. The necessity and relates specifically to the UDDI
complexity of the task of service functionality is that UDDI is not aware
composition has resulted a number of if the server providing the services of a
companies and standardization bodies registered Web Service is available
working toward a common language for and online when a client is trying to
defining automation of information discover a service.
process executions. Some have taken the This Paper approaches this issue
semantic Web approaches such as by using a P2P base discovery and search
DAML-S and some have taken the of the Web Services rather than using a
syntactic approach such as BPML, central scheduler. Instead Web Services
XLANG, WSFL and BPEL (Web would advertise their existence when
Service composition and these languages they join a P2P network and are therefore
However, most of Web Service available to provide services.The other
composition definition languages are motivation for this paper is to overcome
heavily based on Web Service definitions the security issues that are imposed by
that are provided in Web Service using Web Services in a information
Definition Language (WSDL) process execution. Security is an
descriptions. important aspect of information
WSDL describes the location of collaborations. Since Web Services
the service and the operation it provides. message exchanges occur over the
These languages expect that the Web Internet using HTTP based protocols,
Services that take part in the composition similar security threats can potentially
to be stationary at the time of the design exist. Using a P2P environment creates a
of the process model. These definition virtual overlay network and creates self-
languages do not allow clients to select a organized communities. Several security
Web Service dynamically based on the technologies therefore can be enforced on
specific requirement that they have. In these communities.
other words, clients cannot specify their Keywords: Dynamic web service,
functional and QoS requirements for Universal Description Discovery
dynamic selection of Web Services at run Integration, Distributed computing
time. One motivation for this paper is to systems, Web Service Definition
provide users with the opportunity to Language,P2P.
In other words, clients cannot specify
Introduction their functional and QoS requirements
for dynamic selection of Web
Web Services technology allows Services at run time. One motivation
interoperability between applications and for this paper is to provide users with
provides flexibility to integrate the opportunity to specify and select
information. In order to support the Web Services dynamically based
Information-to-Information or enterprise on a set of functional and QoS
application integration, Web Services are criteria.
required to collaborate. Web Service In order to be able to select
composition focuses on information services at execution time, services are
process creation based on orchestration required to be searched and found
and choreography of Web Services. The based on specific criteria. The
manual composition of Web Service is Universal Description Discovery
time consuming and requires a Integration (UDDI) is a
significant amount of detailed coding complementary technology to search
dealing with heterogeneous services. As web services located on different sites
the number of services increase in a on the Internet. Existing UDDI
composite service the orchestration technology uses central server
among the services becomes more (operators) to store pointers to
problematic. The necessity and registered web services. However,
complexity of the task of service UDDI will inherit the drawbacks
composition has resulted a number of associated with using a central system
companies and standardization bodies such as availability, scalability and
working toward a common language for performance. The other drawback that
defining automation of information relates specifically to the UDDI
process executions. functionality is that UDDI is not aware
Some have taken the semantic if the server providing the services of a
Web approaches such as DAML-S registered Web Service is available
and some have taken the syntactic and online when a client is trying to
approach such as BPML, XLANG, discover a service.
WSFL and BPEL (Web Service
composition and these languages This paper approaches this issue by
However, most of Web Service using a P2P base discovery and search of
composition definition languages are the Web Services rather than using a
heavily based on Web Service central scheduler. Instead Web Services
definitions that are provided in Web would advertise their existence when
Service Definition Language (WSDL) they join a P2P network and are therefore
descriptions.WSDL describes the available to provide services. The other
location of the service and the motivation for this paper is to overcome
operation it provides. These the security issues that are imposed by
languages expect that the Web using Web Services in a information
Services that take part in the process execution. Security is an
composition to be stationary at the important aspect of information
time of the design of the process collaborations. Since Web Services
model. These definition languages do message exchanges occur over the
not allow clients to select a Web Internet using HTTP based protocols,
Service dynamically based on the similar security threats can potentially
specific requirement that they have. exist. Using a P2P environment creates a

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virtual overlay network and creates self-
organized communities. Several security
technologies therefore can be enforced on
these communities.
Background

This chapter provides a review of


the technologies used in this paper and
includes descriptions of distributed
computing, P2P and JXTA technologies.
An overview of Web Services and Web
Service composition definitions is also
provided Figure 1: Client/Server Architecture

Distributed Computing Systems Problem Statement


This paper focuses on the following
A distributed computing system problems:
is a collection of computing nodes that
can have different types of hardware QoS in Web Service Composition
architectures and are interconnected by
a communication network. Clients of Web Service
There are various approaches compositions are bound to use the static
to distributed computing systems, two Web Services that are defined at the
of the most noteworthy ones are: time of design in a chosen Web Service
Composition Language. They cannot
• Client/Server Architecture
select a specific Web Service
• Peer to Peer Architecture dynamically at run time based on their
requirement specifications.
Client/Server Architecture
In a network where a group of
nodes is communicating with each other, a Web Service Composition
more powerful node is assigned as the Security
server and provides services and
information to the other nodes considered Web Service composition
as clients. Clients send requests to the enables information to interact and
server and receive results. Figure 1 interoperate. Any transaction or message
illustrates a Client/Server architecture exchanged between information could
view [1]. potentially contain confidential
This architecture has evolved from a 2- information. Service providers are
tiered architecture to a 3-tier and multi- required to take the privacy and integrity
tier client/servers architecture, where the of messages seriously.
software is modularized into two or
more pieces and usually each module Web Service Search and
reside on separate hardware. Discovery
Client/Server architecture provides more
scalability and flexibility in software UDDI is used as a standard
systems. technology for dynamic search and
discovery of Web Services. However,
UDDI uses a central system and is not
aware whether a registered Web Service
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is available at the time of client search Language: This paper chooses
Information Process Executable
Paper Contributions Language (BPEL) as the basis of
the Web Service composition
The developed an end-to-end definition language. BPEL is a
solution for executing a Web Service dominant Web Service composition
composition. The solution is a framework language that was originally
that integrates best of the breed released by IBM and backed by
technologies with newly designed various vendors, and has been
components to achieve the goals of this proposed to OASIS as a technical
paper and to address the problems standard in 2003.
discussed above in a way that allows BPWS4J: The IBM Business
service providers to have maximum Process Execution Language for Web
flexibility with minimum effort. Services Java Run Time (BPWS4J) is a
• Integration of existing and platform that can execute information
new components to provide an end- processes written using BPEL.
to-end solution for QoS enabled web JXTA: To achieve a P2P
service composition within a environment, JXTA technology is used.
framework. The framework is part of JXTA, developed by Sun Microsystems,
a P2P environment where an overlay is an open, generalized P2P platform that
virtual network is created for supports core functions of a P2P system.
enforcing security and second, a JXTA 2, the latest release of JXTA,
dynamic search and discovery for offers a P2P overlay network that is very
Web Services can be used. Also this scalable. Also JXTA provides a dynamic
framework selects and binds services discovery service where Web Services
based on defined functional and QoS can be found when available, in the
criteria of the client at run time. JXTA network, thus overcoming the
• Developing an XML based problems with using UDDI.
schema for clients to define their
functional and QoS criteria and for P2P Architecture
Web Service providers to present A network architecture may be
their functional and QoS criteria. called a Peer-to-Peer (P-to-P or P2P)
• Designing an enhanced network, if the participants share a part
search engine as a service entity in of their own hardware resources e.g.
JXTA network to search services processing power, storage capacity,
advertised and dynamically select network link capacity and printer. These
and compose the services based on shared resources are necessary to
the client’s defined criteria. The provide
search engine would be designed The service and content offered
to support functionality that the by the network (e.g. file sharing or
composite search XML document shared workspaces for collaboration).
requires. The participants of such a network are
• Developing a prototype thus resource providers (Service and
incorporating the above designs and content) as well as resource requestors
concepts. Here is a brief [2].
introduction to the existing P2P is a newer architecture for
technologies used and the distributed computing which overcomes
motivation behind them: some of the problems associated with
Web Service Composition the client/server architecture. Figure 2

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illustrates P2P architecture is presented. It provides an analysis
in section [1]. The following subsections of several approaches towards
provide a brief description of various solving this issue. This chapter then
P2P forms: Hybrid, pure, virtual. specifically selects 3 related works
that aligns more with the goals of
this paper, and provides a detailed
overview of them. A conclusion is
drawn at the end that leads the paper
to the chosen architecture that is
provided in the next chapter.

QoS based Dynamic service


composition

Web Service composition is the


Figure 2: P2P Architecture technology that enables information to
Napster provide information logic by integrating
various Web Services within their
Napster shares primarily music organization or by collaborating with
files and is an example of hybrid P2P other organizations. Travel planning is
architecture with a centralized file an example of a Web Service
location directory. Users would run composition. It involved the integration
desktop software that enables them to of several Web Services such as a
share files. This software actually booking a flight, booking a hotel, car
provides a virtual P2P network. Napster rental and even booking different
is an example of hybrid P2P architecture. activities within the city. Designing the
There is a central database, which keeps process is the first element of creating a
an index of the files available in the composite service. Web Service
network; when a requester queries for a composition language definitions are
specific file; the directory server provides aiming at facilitating the design process.
the IP address of the user that has that The other advantage of
file. The requester then downloads the developing such languages is that they
file from that IP address directly. make the automation of the process
Although Napster once was a very execution possible described some of
popular P2P application, it was forced to these languages: XLANG, BPML and
shut down due to copyright violations. In BPEL. BPEL was specifically as it has
Napster architecture users first connect to gained wider attention than the others.
a central directory server to find the They describe the modeling of a
location of a specific file, then they will information process in a syntactic way.
directly connect to that location and Introduced BPWS4J engine which
download the file from that user. executes a BPEL based information
process. In fact Oracle has included a
Review and Analysis composite engine based on BPEL as part
of its service architecture platform and
This chapter provides a several companies are building such
review and analysis of the state of composite engines.
the art in dynamic Web Service Even with the standardization of
composition based on QoS. An one of such languages, the design of a
overview and analysis of QoS based information process is a challenging
dynamic Web Service composition
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and time consuming task. The Enabler Framework (WSQEF) is
composition of Web Services relies presented. The following describes the
heavily on the WSDL description of the requirements of the design. An overview
participating Web Services. The of the third party components used in
process designers have to decide which this platform is provided. Then a
Web Service provider’s services to diagram is provided to illustrate all the
choose at design time. If a information components in the framework and their
decides to switch betweens providers, interactions followed by subsections
the design process has to change that provide detailed descriptions of the
accordingly. components. The last subsection
On the other hand, service provides interaction diagrams describing
providers publish different WSDL the sequence of execution.
documents. Even for similar
functionality, but they might define Requirement examination
different operation names or signatures.
That is one reason the changing of a WSQEF is a platform with the
process definition language requires design goal of enabling the late
more effort. An agreement on Web binding of a series of services that
Service providers with similar services can execute a composite service
to provide their WSDL document based based on the specified criteria for
on a template, greatly saves time and each of the Web Service. The
effort for information. Even if the same following lists the requirements that
functionality and WSDL is agreed upon WSQEF will try to fulfill:
for similar services, providers follow • Providing the service provider
different QoS. QoS specifies qualitative and client with a secure
and quantitative aspects of a Web environment.
Service. Web Service composition • Ability to provide QoS in a
designers and users will benefit generic way for more flexibility.
significantly in their selection of Web • Ability to add service providers
Services if they know the QoS
in a scalable way.
associated with a Web Service. One
• An end-to-end solution to
approach for providing QoS
information of services has resulted in compose two or more web services.
definitions of XML specifications that • Enabling clients to select the
provide the details of QoS. Web services that best match their
Service Offerings Language (WSOL) is functional and QoS requirements.
one of such languages. WSOL enables • Enabling service providers to
formal specification of classes of provide their QoS information in the
service in a Web Service. Classes of network.
service are referred to as service • Ability to find required web
offerings of a Web Service. WSOL is a services with reasonable
thorough and strongly typed language performance.
definition that allows specification of Integrating the existing
functional technologies with the new
components to exploit latest
Web Service Architecture technologies and standards.
Illustrates the system requirement in
In this chapter the detailed architecture an abstract way. At a high level, this
of the Web Service Composition QoS system requires creating a Dynamic

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Web Service composition based on specification advertisement that is
the client’s functional and Qos described to advertise their WSQS
criteria. information. An example of WSQS.
The design details of this component
are provided.
• The Enhanced Search Service, the
search service will be executed as a
Implementation peer in the JXTA network, the design
details of this component are provided.
In this chapter implementation • The Web Service Composition Client,
details of the WSQEF framework are the client will also join the JXTA
provided. A diagram is presented that network as a peer, the design details of
shows an overview of the implementation this component are provided.
details followed by subsections These components are part of the
describing the components in the JXTA application layer, and use the
diagram. The main class diagrams and services provided in the JXTA
sequence diagrams of the implementation community layer (discovery and
are presented in this section as well. advertisement) and JXTA Core layer
(peer, peer groups and pipes). JXTA
Architecture layers are described.
In this chapter implementation
details of the WSQEF framework are
provided. A diagram is presented that
shows an overview of the implementation
details followed by subsections
describing the components in the
diagram. The main class diagrams and
sequence diagrams of the implementation
are presented in this section as well.
Figure 3 presents an
implementation view of the WSQEF with REVIEW
regards to JXTA architecture
The main components of WSQEF are: This chapter presents an experiment of
• WSCS (Web the concepts and designs that were
Service Composite Search) described in previous sections. It is a
and WSQS (Web Service prototype implementation of the WSQEF
QoS) XML documents. These framework. JAVA, XML and JXTA and
two documents are based on BPEL technologies are used throughout
Composite Web Service the implementation. In this section we
Search Criteria schema, the walk through an example of a Web
complete design of the Service search composition in JXTA in
schema . WSQEF framework. The chapter
describes an example scenario in and
• The Web Service QoS
provides the necessary steps that take
Advertisers, they will be executed as
place for the scenario to execute a Web
peers in the JXTA network and
Service composition based on WSQEF
advertise the WSQS document along
architecture.
with the WSDL location of the
service they are advertising. They Example circumstances
use “parm” element of the module In this example, the process of
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a loan request is implemented. The documents of the financial institutions
process begins with a customer that provide loan services through a Web
requesting for a loan. The information Service are available and they all support
process then sends the request to a the same operations and messages, see
financial institution and receives the Table 24 for the WSDL document of this
result. Then it will send the request to Web Service example. The same applies
an assessment company and asks for to assessment companies; they all have
the risk associated with the loan. If we the same interface for providing
were going to implement this assessments on loans, see Table 25 for
information process without using the WSDL document of this Web Service
WSQEF Framework, we would have example. A WSDL document that defines
to choose a fixed financial institution the process interfaces is called the raw
and a fixed assessment company in BPEL document. In this document the
the information process that define a port Types define the service bindings at
Web Service composition scenario. In run time. In WSQEF the port Types are
contrast, in the WSQEF framework, a placeholders that will be filled during the
number of financial institutions and information process execution. A BPEL
assessment companies can take part in is required to define the process of this
the information process provided that Web Service composition scenario, see
they agree on a set of interfaces and Table 26 for this BPEL document. In the
the same service names. The Raw BPEL WSDL document (Table 16)
framework decides at run time, which these elements are highlighted, the value
one of the service providers qualifies of port Type elements are the Web
for taking part in information process Service names at this point. A Web
execution. Port Types determine what Service name is a name contracted
service to bind at execution time. The between the consumers and service
framework assigns them values that providers, each set of Web Services that
are selected Web Services based on provide similar services will agree on the
the customer’s criteria. The following same name.
subsections describe the steps that Reference
fulfill this information process 1.Data Communication and Netrowrking
execution by Behrouz A Frouzan-TMH.
Raw BPEL Document
A set of WSDL documents and 2.Data Compputer communication by
one BPEL document are required to be William stallings-Pearson Education.
written for this information process. At
design time we assume that the WSDL 3. Computr Networks By L.Peterson and
Bruce S.Dave
Advancement of structured information
standards.

Dictionary UDDI Universal Description,


Discovery and Integration.
DAML-S Draper Agent Markup WSDL Web service Definition
Language for service
Language
BPEL Business Process Execution.

BPML Business Process Modeling.

QOS Quality of Service WSFL Web Service Flow


Language
OASIS Organization for the

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XML Xtensible Mark-up Language

JXTA Juxtapose.

Xlang is an XML Based.

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