Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Martin Wade Paul Tomlinson Paul Wright Peter Chidgey Peter Healey Phil Barker Ruben Gorena Russell Davey Shamil Appathurai Steve Hornung Tim Gilfedder Yu-rong Zhou
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.00E+10
1.00E+11
1.00E+12
1.00E+13
1.00E+14
1.00E+15
1.00E+16
1.00E+17
1.00E+18
1.00E+19
1.0E-02 10 2 1.0E-04 1
Frequency (Hz)
1.00E+20
1.0E+00 10 4
Therefore end users of a ubiquitous fibre network can never have the full bandwidth of a fibre dedicated to them!
This has consequences for the choice of network architecture.
Drivers
Meeting customer demands for new high bandwidth services New revenue generation Reducing operational costs Meeting competition threats Staying locally or internationally competitive
Attract inward investment
Bandwidth demand
New services including:
video, hdtv etc. Large file transfer eg. hi-res image & video content, photographs etc. Mass market network storage services Distributed servers Thin client computing Etc.
Impatience Index
100% 90% 80% 70% % Customers that wait 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
00 20 a irc (c Up ) -3 al Di 02 20 a irc (c nd ba B rly 6) Ea 200 nd ( Bba
} }
}
CD
DVD HDTV
100,000
This chart shows the distribution of the maximum user bandwidth if the user had simultaneously used all the services they had signed up for. This is a dumb way of defining user bandwidth and would push the mean to 29.9 Mb/s 15 times the required level if statistical multiplexing is taken into account.
This chart shows the distribution of the maximum user bandwidth if the user had simultaneously used all the services they had signed up for. This is the dumb way of defining user bandwidth and would push the mean to 82 Mb/s, 11 times the required level if statistical multiplexing is taken into account.
Streaming mode
Access network bandwidth Pipe (eg. GPON DS bandwidth) Spare bandwidth pool = access pipe size used bandwidth
End user 1
End user 3
CPs
End user 4
Burst-mode
Access network bandwidth Pipe (eg. GPON DS bandwidth)
End user 1
End user 2
Burst-mode Used bandwidth profile All spare bandwidth is used to deliver files as fast as possible
End user 3
CPs
End user 4
End user 5 Spare bandwidth shared between active users Streaming mode Used bandwidth profile
700
Streamed Scenario
600,000,000.00 600
500,000,000.00 500
400,000,000.00 400
300,000,000.00 300
200,000,000.00 200
10% 15% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
100,000,000.00 100
0 0.00
ne e ne e eo eo o o s s es on on Vi de ice Vi de ic e ph o ph o Vi d op h op h Vi d ic rv Se rv rv Te le Te le HD SD Vi de Vi de SD H c c Se rv em iu m Pr Se Se D ice s
iu m
Ba si
Pr
em
Ba si
Barriers
High upfront capital investment
Civil infrastructure build costs Also time taken to build
Increased opex costs if legacy not replaced Uncertain take-up rates Uncertain revenues from new broadband services Financial barriers
Local Exchange
backhaul/metro network
Cabinet
Cabinet
FTTP Customers
Local Exchange
backhaul/metro network
Cabinet
Active star
Cabinet
Active star
FTTP Customers
WDM Splitter
Local Exchange
Cabinet
backhaul/metro network
WDM Multiplexer
Street MSAN
copper
FTTP Customers
No bandwidth sharing Separates access and metro networks Keeps traditional architectures and cost structure Keeps electronic nodes - either in exchanges, in street nodes or both
Local Exchange
Cabinet
backhaul/metro network
Cabinet MSAN
copper
FTTP Customers
PON options
Passive Optical Networks:
BPON GEPON GPON A-GPON LR-PON Features + Infrastructure sharing + Passive infrastructure no active street electronics + Enables dynamic bandwidth sharing + Lower cost - particularly extended/long reach systems + PONs can be protected economically
WDM can be used to up-grade PON capacity and user bandwidth to the limits of the fibre capacity.
Pt-Pt uses an electronic multiplexer with a port per customer on the access side. The equipment requires power and is housed in a building or street cabinet PON systems use passive optical multiplexing which consumes no power and can fit into external plant.
In practice both Point to Point and Passive Optical Networks will co-exist in the network for different market situations. However PON will be the mass market solution.
David Payne BT 2007
Economic Issues
FTTP drives a bandwidth demand paradigm shift New broadband services in particular HDTV/IPTV enabled by FTTP will massively increase demand on the metro/core network DSL has been successful at enabling good user experience for many non-video Internet applications But it will struggle to provide a future basket of services (e.g. HDTV, 3D applications, real time video, peer to peer file sharing including video etc.) So currently were at the onset of a worldwide access fibre program What would be the impact of an access bandwidth explosion driven by FTTP on the end to end network?
David Payne BT 2007
Relative growth
Bandwidth Bandwidth
Costs
Greater bandwidths - New services - Maintain/grow revenues But costs rise faster
100 90 80
Relative growth
Revenues
Revenues
Incremental Costs
years
David Payne BT 2007
The economics of current FTTP solutions do not look attractive for mass market deployment. Cost of bandwidth growth enabled by FTTP can easily exceed revenue growth. Can new network architectures enable FTTP and future bandwidth growth to become economically viable? Must consider end to end network solutions: Access, Metro & Core together.
Access PoPs
100km
backhaul/metro Cabinet
/s 10Gb b/s 2.5/10G
Cabinet MSAN
FTTP Customers
copper
All ONUs have fixed band-pass blocking filters which only select the initial operating wavelength and block all others. When WDM is added at a later stage the new ONUs will have a band pass filter at one of the additional wavelengths
100km
backhaul/metro
Cabinet
Metro nodes
Cabinet MSAN All ONUs have fixed band-pass blocking filters which only select the initial operating wavelength and block all others. When WDM is added at a later stage the new ONUs will have a band pass filter at one of the additional wavelengths
FTTP Customers
copper
Optical switches
New amplifier technology (e.g. quantum dot) enables operation across all the fibre spectrum
backhaul/metro
Metro nodes
Cabinet
Cabinet MSAN
Power splitter (not WDM splitter) to enable any or combination of s to any customer
FTTP Customers
copper
Optical switches
Optics-centric architecture
All nodes both access and core
~800 kw 50-100 kw
100W
Amplified GPON
Adding amplifiers to GPON can be an interim solution for LR-PON
ONU
Local Exchange
ONU
Tx OLT Rx
4 X 4
Tx Rx
OLT S
ONU
60km (100km)
512 subscribers
100km
10Gbit/s
Access Access Exchange Exchange
Access Exchange Access Exchange
Node
OLT
Economic comparisons
Cash Flow
2.00
1.50
Option 3: Std GPON + 21cn GE B'haul
1.00 B illio n s
0.50
0.00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
11
12
-0.50
-1.00 Years
14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
7.00
6.00
Time to breakeven
2.00
1.00
Need to reduce amount of electronic equipment and number of network nodes. Achieved by combining access and metro/backhaul. into one network
Long Reach PON proposed as possible solution. Amplified GPON as interim solution. LR-PON economics look promising, FTTP can be competitive with FTTCab particularly as end user bandwidths increase.
To other nodes
Metro/core node
OLT OLT OLT OLT OLT OLT
Aggregation / routing
10km
WDM backhaul
OLT OLT OLT OLT OLT OLT OLT OLT OLT OLT OLT
Optical switching
Assumes 1 between all node pairs Significant amount of node bypass Therefore need cheap large scale node bypass optics to make this architecture cost in
Hierarchical core allows for intermediate electronic grooming for limited traffic levels
Router OXC?
Router
Router OXC
Router
outer core
OXC?
flat core
OXC
Router OXC?
Router OXC?
Router OXC?
Router OXC
Router OXC
Router OXC
inner core
2 tier model assumes 20 inner core nodes Flat architecture preferred when wavelength fill > 40%
Assumption of long reach access + flat all-optical core leads to huge core transport + very large optical switches Optical switch capacity up to 40 fibre pairs, assuming 80 channel DWDM Up to 20 fibre pairs on busy links
To other nodes Some fibres diverted to wavelength switch for local node wavelength add/drop and also possible wavelength grooming Wavelength switch could use WSS technology
Many optical technologies presented at conferences OFC, ECOC etc over last 10 years now need to be considered. Economics and resilience key to deciding best approach
David Payne BT 2007
All-optical flat architecture with no separate metro network provides economic scalability. In the UK this equates to:
~ 100 core nodes with over 10Tb/s on some links Up to 1500 10G wavelengths bypassing nodes
Large optical switches at fibre and wavelength level will be needed High bit rates / multiple wavebands (C,L,S) will all be required Economics and resilience at the fibre, cable and duct level will determine optimal design
10 Gbit/s LR-PON
(100+ km)
WDM LR-PON
+tunable optics
Flexible LR-PON
NonGreenfield access
PIEMAN
2008
2012
Overall Summary
We have the opportunity with the all optical network of radically changing the architecture to:
Greatly reduce the capital expenditure required for a true broadband network Massively reduce operational costs. Produce an environmentally friendly network >90% reductions in energy consumption. Revolutionise the customer experience. Click and its there! Provide a reusable and continuously upgradeable physical infrastructure for the Next Generation 21st Century Network with true broadband capability!
Thank you