Social Venture Plan

CARBON INDIA

Social Venture Plan

SIDDHARTH SRIVASTAVA

AMAN NARANG

2011

Social Venture Plan

Mission
Carbon India aims to elevate socio-economic status for low-income rural households by supporting low-cost, cleaner forms of Energy production.

Product
We are providing cleaner and cheaper cooking fuel to villagers for free, by setting up 3 m3 capacity fixed dome family type biogas plants which can provide cooking gas sufficient for 4 hours cooking on a daily basis in rural parts of India and hence leading to reduction in thousands of tonnes of emissions of greenhouse gases annually.

Market
People living in villages in India with daily income less than $2 will be benefitting from our schemes. Our market is an agriculture based market in rural areas in Central Eastern parts of India such as East Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Madhya Pradesh. On an average 100 500 families reside in these villages and each family consists of 5 10 members. 1500 families will become part of our project within 3 years. Once, we establish ourselves in these parts of the country and then we will be expanding to Western and Southern parts of India.

Customers
Our customers are basically low income farmers earning seasonal incomes which keep varying according to agricultural produce in that season. These are the people who cook their food using conventional sources of energy such as firewood and kerosene which is hazardous to their health and environments too.

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Barriers
Convincing hundreds of people in switching over from decades old methods of fossil fuel cooking to biogas cooking has been a difficult work owing to their misconceptions about the role of biogas as an optimum cooking fuel. Maintenance of biogas plants is another issue which restricts people from setting up these plants.

Competitive Advantage
Carbon India is setting biogas plants for free and with this the annual maintenance costs of these plants will also be incurred by us for the next 7 years.

Social Impact
This project will have long lasting effects on the lives of thousands of village people especially farmers as no money will be charged from them for the installation of these plants. These biogas plants which only require cow/buffalo waste to operate can ensure adequate amount of gas to cook food, by-product other than the gas can be used as manure for the fields, saving the manure cost too for the farmers.

Growth
Carbon India in its first year will be setting up 500 plants in its pilot project in a period of 4 6 months at some locations which we have already sorted out according to our on-site and off-site surveys. In the second and third year, Carbon India will be setting 500 plants each, in the same region as there is large untapped biogas potential here.

Financial Model
The money for the setup and maintenance of biogas plants will be paid through by trading the carbon credits earned in a project. The Government also provides subsidy for the setup
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of these plants. During the initial years we would be looking for angel investors/social entrepreneurs for the funding.

Financial Analysis (Brief)

This project needs a funding of Rs.55.91 lac in its first year of which, 10% will be self-funded and for the rest angel investment is sought. The Total estimated revenue for a period of 3 years is around Rs.200 lac and net income is Rs.20 lac. The IRR at the end of the 3rd year is a 35.95% and the break-even point will be achieved in around 40 months. The return on an investment of Rs.15, 000 on a single biogas plant is around Rs.25,000 (during a total of 7 years).

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Table of Contents
Logic Model ............................................................................ 1 Venture Overview................................................................... 2 Market Analysis .................................................................... 10 Risk Assessment.................................................................... 17 Product ................................................................................ 17 Financials .............................................................................. 23 Social Impact ........................................................................ 28 Management ........................................................................ 30

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Logic model
Problem Statement Most of the rural population of India (majority of which are farmers) is crippling under poverty, is heavily under debt, living in utterly unhygienic places and uneducated. Problems of Climate change and global warming are looming large above us.

Rationale/Logic 1) Current Indian government policies in the area of utilizing renewable sources of energy are not implemented well and have failed to create a noticeable change. 2) Rural people are willing to setup biogas plants if they have enough money for installation and maintenance.

Inputs 1) Local manufacturer of biogas plants 2) Initial funding: Self-funding, investors and prize money 3) Staff to survey, to persuade people, to maintain accounts and other documentation process. 4) Relationships with manufacturers, Consultants, rural masses and local government bodies. 5) Unique product: Free installation and maintenance of biogas plants. Door to door service.

Activities 1) Surveying areas to find areas viable for our projects. 2) Organizing workshops in rural areas and interacting with people. 3) Understanding their problems and persuading them to adopt green technologies. 4) Setup and maintenance of biogas plants by local manufacturer. 5) Preparing all the paperwork for getting carbon credits issued. 6) Selling these credits at various platforms.

Outputs 1) Set up X number of family type biogas plants. 2) Provide employment to local unskilled and semiskilled labourers. 3) Develop partnerships with local employers and manufacturers. 4) Energy selfsufficiency and no burden of buying fertilizers for people.

Assumptions 1) Rural people have the desire to be selfsufficient. 2) Rural households have enough space and livestock to operate biogas plants.

Short Term Outcomes

1) Reduced dependence

Intermediate Outcomes 1) Increase in people participation in such projects and people awareness about climate change.

Long Term outcomes/Impact 1) Elevation of socio-economic status of rural people and overall quality of life. 1

on firewood as cooking fuel.

2) Reduced pressure on government

Social Venture Plan

Description
Given the impending energy crisis that will hit the world in the coming years and the problem of global warming that has already started to show its effects we have formulated a model that has the potential to stop the emission of millions of tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. According to Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) formulated by UNFCCC under Kyoto protocol if a project is done such that it leads to reduction in emission of greenhouse gases (such as CO2, CH4) the project proponent earns carbon credits (which are issued by UNFCCC). These carbon credits, commonly known as CERs (Certified Emission Reduction units) can be traded at various bourses like ECX (European Climate Exchange London), CCX (Chicago Climate Exchange), and MCX (India) or can be sold to multinationals in the same way as shares are traded. These multinationals are in need of these credits because there is a cap on the amount of the greenhouse gases they can emit as per the Kyoto Protocol and if they exceed this limit they have to offset those extra tons of CO2 by buying the equivalent number of CERs ( 1 CER = 1 ton of CO2). We will be setting up family type biogas plants (3 4 m3) in rural low-income households and then these plants will be used to earn carbon credits. Complete costs of the project starting from the setup of biogas plants to the maintenance cost of these plants for the next 7 years will be paid by our company.

Social Venture Plan

Business Model
The business model of Carbon India is governed by our 3 S

Strategy

Survey

Setup

Selling

1.0 Survey
Survey part consisted of two parts 1.1 Off-site Surveys Off-site surveys will be done to earmark the locations where the plants will be set up. These surveys will consist of thorough research of database present in the Central & State Government websites, Press releases and Annual Survey Reports compiled by various consultants. On the basis of this survey, villages will be selected in clusters so that we can easily access all the villages in shortest possible timeframe.

Social Venture Plan

1.2 On-site Surveys After the successful completion of Off-site survey, representatives of Carbon India, basically student interns and some local villagers will be going to each village. These representatives will be organising small interactive people to people sessions where we will be showing documentaries on projector screens, answering their common worries and demonstrations. The documentaries will show that how switching from conventional cooking fuels to bio fuels is a better option, what are the long-term health hazards associated with emissions from fossil fuel cooking, how other people have benefitted from our schemes and how becoming the part of Carbon India can save the environment. We will be setting up couple of biogas plants in each of the villages to demonstrate people about the working of these plants

2.0 Setup
Once we are done with both the surveys as mentioned above, Carbon India will setup biogas plants with the help of local manufacturers in 4 6 months. Fixed dome type of biogas plants of 3 m3 capacity will be setup, which are brick and mortar based plants, in each home premises.

3.0 Selling
After the completion of setup phase and as soon as all the plants will be operational, we will be registering this project as a CDM Project. 3.1 Registration Process This is a 7 step process which takes 8 to 10 months to complete, once completed this project is liable under CDM for the next 7 years which can be renewed twice, hence a maximum of 21 years.
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Project Design Document (PDD)

Host country approval

Registration

Validation

Monitoring

Verification

Issuance of CERs

CDM PROJECT CYCLE

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Project Design Document (PDD)

Project participant prepares project design document, making use of approved emissions baseline and monitoring methodology.

Project Participant

Host country approval

The Designated National Authority (DNA) shall submit a letter indicating that the country has ratified the Kyoto Protocol; voluntary participation; proposed CDM project activity contributes to sustainable development.

Designated National Authority

Validation

Validation is the process of independent evaluation of a project activity by a designated operational entity against the requirements of the CDM.

Designated Operational Entity

Registration

Registration is the formal acceptance by the Executive Board of a validated project as a CDM project activity, the prerequisite for the verification, certification and issuance of CERs.

Executive Board UNFCCC

Monitoring

Project participant responsible for monitoring actual emissions according to approved methodology.

Project Participant

Verification

Verification is the independent review and ex post determination by the DOE of the monitored reductions in anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases that have occurred as a result of the project activity during the verification period.

Designated Operational Entity

Issuance of CERs

Designated operational entity submits verification report with request for issuance to CDM Executive Board.

Executive Board UNFCCC

Social Venture Plan

3.2 Selling After the issuance of CERs, we will start trading of credits at the following bourses

LONDON

MUMBAI

CHICAGO
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Current Status
Phase 1: Onsite and Offsite survey of villages in East U.P. Status: Offsite survey completed. Based on information on Government of India and U.P. State Government websites, we have finalized a few sites viable for our project: Jaunpur, Mirzapur, Varanasi (All these are in Eastern Uttar Pradesh) As per onsite, we have talked to gram panchayats (local self-governments in villages and small towns of India) and some local administrative officers and their response was very positive, they have assured us their full co-operation.

Based on our survey we have found out the reasons for not installing Biogas Plants among rural people and we have tried to remove as many problems as possible by a suitable business model. These reasons are depicted as below.

Other 5%

Awareness 5%

Convenience 5%

Interest 15% Economy 60% Space Related 5% Raw Material 5%

Social Venture Plan

Phase 2: Setting up 3 m3 Deenbandhu type biogas plants. Status: We have talked with the plants manufacturers to supply us the units during our project time frame. Financial deal is yet to be made. Phase 3: Registration of CERs Status: We are in talks with the DOEs (Designated Operational Entities) whose service we will be availing during the registration process.

Funding
Carbon India needs an initial funding worth of around $122,000 of which $11,000 will be put up by us for our pilot project while for the other Rs.50, 00,000, angel investment is sought.

10
Personal Investment(in %)

90

Other Investors(%)

The arrow points the geographic location of Varanasi

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Market Size
The table below compares the number of biogas plants installed against the total potential1 S. No State/ Union Territories Estimated Potential (Nos. of Biogas Plants) Cumulative Percentage of achievements* Biogas Plants as on 31/12/2009 installed against total potential

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Sikkim Maharashtra Kerala Mizoram Gujarat Karnataka Nagaland Goa West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Orissa

7300 897000 150000 5000 554000 680000 6700 8000 695000 1065000 605000

6926 773410 124202 3770 404973 411241 3743 3878 305760 452499 235393

94.9 86.2 82.8 75.4 73.1 60.5 55.9 48.5 44.0 42.5 38.9

12 13 14 15 16 17

Arunachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Tamil Nadu Meghalaya Punjab Assam

7500 125000 615000 24000 411000 307000

2818 45488 215033 6058 101705 74187

37.6 36.4 35.0 25.2 24.7 24.2

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19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh Haryana Bihar Pondicherry Uttarakhand Tripura Dadra & Nagar Haveli Chhattisgarh Rajasthan Chandigarh A&N Islands Manipur Delhi Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir

1938000
1491000 300000 733000 4300 83000 28000 2000 400000 915000 1400 2200 38000 12900 100000 128000

419516
287549 53345 125688 573 9590 2771 169 30576 67172 97 137 2128 679 4408 2352 19.3 17.8 17.1 13.3 11.6 9.9 8.5 7.6 7.3 6.9 6.2 5.6 5.3 4.4 1.8

21.6

: Based on a report by Dr.N.K.Khullar - "ECONOMICS OF BIOGAS PLANTS AND THEIR ROLE IN SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT 2009"

Total

1,23,39,300

41,85,442

33.9

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So, it can be easily interpret from the chart that only 1/3rd of the total potential has been tapped till now and particularly in Uttar Pradesh state, less than 1/4th of the biogas plants are installed against the total capacity.

Target Market
We have already started our project in the Varanasi district of state Uttar Pradesh beginning with the survey part. For the first 3 years, Carbon India will be totally dedicated to the people of East Uttar Pradesh covering villages in an area of 200 km2. Villages of Varanasi, Mirzapur and Jaunpur towns will be covered in the first and second project. People living in villages in India with daily income less than $2 will be benefitting from our schemes. Our market is an agriculture based market in rural areas in Central Eastern parts of India such as East Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Madhya Pradesh. On an average 100 500 families reside in these villages and each family consists of 5 10 members. 1500 families will become part of our project within 3 years. Once, we establish ourselves in these parts of the country and then we will be expanding to Western and Southern parts of India.

Competition
As such there is no company working on setups of family-type biogas plants in East Uttar Pradesh region, there are few companies working on large scale biogas plants of capacity more than 100 m3. On a country wise scale 4 -5 similar projects have already been completed in the region of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and couple of projects are in pipeline now.

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SWOT Analysis

Strengths Deepest Market Penetration Scalable Business Model Local Expertise People to People Relationship

Weaknesses Inexperience Dependence on local manufacturers Convincing rural people Lengthy Registration Process

Opportunities CSR Initiatives will help our cause Biogas a future cooking fuel Part of Government Core Policies

Threats Volatile Carbon Market Apprehensions about CDM Economic Downturn

Risk Analysis Matrix

Likelihood of Risk

Magnitude of Risk

Mitigation Strategy

Apprehension in minds of people in adopting bio-gas Change in government policies- reduction in subsidy Big market players enter rural biogas market Volatile carbon market Apprehension about CDM

Medium

Medium

Interacting with them and removing any doubts they may have and not pushing them into it. Form trusting partnerships with local manufacturers.

Low

Medium

Low

High

Form trusting relationships with rural masses and local governments so that they feel connected to our company. Hire market experts to get maximum value. Many new national and international schemes coming up to support CDM after 2012 13

Medium Medium

Medium High

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Marketing

Local Print Media, Pamphlets to advertise our campaign so that more and more people can attend our sessions.
Student Internships sending students to villages so as to aware people of our project, motivating them to become a proud partner of Carbon India.

Interactive Choupals Sessions in villages motivating people to become a part of our Green Drive and save money without giving us any single rupee or submitting any kind of security money.

We will be carrying out a pilot project in which we will be setting up 50 plants so that more and more people can see the benefits of using biogas as a cooking fuel instead of conventional fuels from their own eyes and hence allow us to setup plants in their premises too. We will be also showing short films, enacting small plays to convince people. Our student Interns will go from house to house telling people particularly women about the benefits of biogas.

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Government Support for Biogas Programme in India

Subsidy for installation 20-40% of cost Capacity building through: Training of officials and constructors Information dissemination Training of plant users

Sponsorship for Research and Development in developing more efficient and cheaper biogas plants Monitoring and evaluation of biogas technology in government funded programmes
India is the only country in the world with an exclusive Ministry to deal with this

sector, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources (MNRES)

Expansion Plans (within 5 years)

For first 5 years Carbon India will be dedicated to rural projects specially low income house-holds one. As our portfolio expands to 40,000 CERs annually, we will be moving towards small-scale enterprises such as : Tannery Industries in Agra and Kanpur Carpet industries in Bhadohi

As our business progresses we will be expanding our portfolio to off-grid and decentralized renewable energy projects have an untapped potential such as: Solar Home Lighting Solar Water Heater PV Pump

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Needs
The service provided by our company is really needed as the farmers in India are still reeling under the effects of poverty, their life expectancy is low and they have poor economic conditions. Moreover the environmental impact of our service will be very significant.

Farmers
Such projects can have a huge impact on the lives of rural people especially farmers as no money will be charged from them for the installation of these plants. These biogas plants which only require cow/buffalo dung to operate can ensure adequate amount of gas to cook food and byproduct in the form of manure can be used in the fields, saving the manure cost too for the farmers.

Climate Change
We know that climate change mitigation and adaptation is one of the major challenges the world is facing now and renewable energy is a key solution to tackle climate change. Such projects will not only be a very crucial long-term investment for the environment but will also setup an example for the world to follow into our footsteps.

Social Issues
There are a lot of social issues that our projects will try to tackle. First of all it will ensure that every house has access to cooking fuel and thus it will save them the trouble of buying kerosene oil from the government subsidized stores. Moreover biogas is a clean fuel and health hazards caused by using biogas as cooking fuel are much less as compared to the kerosene oil.
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Technology
In an effort to further bring down the investment cost, Deenbandhu model was put forth in 1984 by the Action for Food Production (AFPRO), New Delhi. In India, this model proved 30 per cent cheaper than Janata Model (also developed in India) which is the first fixed dome plant based on Chinese technology. It also proved to be about 45 per cent cheaper than a KVIC plant of comparable size. Deenbandhu plants are made entirely of brick masonry work with a spherical shaped gas holder at the top and a concave bottom. Deenbandhu Model consists of a digester with a fixed, non-movable gas space. Families load the raw cow dung through the inlet into the fixed dome made of bricks and cement, located outside the kitchen. Gas is produced through anaerobic digestion of the dung and stored in the upper part of the digester before being piped to the biogas stove in the kitchen. The gas pressure displaces the digested slurry into the compensating tank, ready to be used as excellent manure. It works on the following model

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Advantages:

Low construction cost, locally available material and technology No moving parts, no rusting steel parts, hence long life (25 years or more) Safe and secure underground construction Low indoor emissions from biogas combustion, families benefit immensely from smoke-free kitchens, quick, easy and clean operation, and relief of drudgery

Disadvantages:

Needs to be emptied every 5 years (buildup of mud, sand and pebbles)

Needs to be fed and maintained regularly to provide constant gas flow

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The following are the photographs depicting different steps in the construction of our first biogas plant in Varanasi

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. The bio gas plant looks like as above finally

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Calculation of cost of construction and installation of Deenbandhu model in INR Cost of material/labour required for biogas plant of capacity

Name of component

1 m3
A. Civil construction 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Bricks Cement Sand Brick blast Stone blast G.I. pipe (dia. 2.5cm) R.C.C. pipe (dia. 15cm) Reinforcement steel rod Paint 980 900 245 147 350 27 108

2 m3

3 m3

4 m3

5 m3

6 m3

1400 1200 315 178 438 27 108

1820 1500 385 242 525 27 108

2240 1800 490 294 612 27 108

2660 2100 595 325 665 27 108

3080 2250 665 357 700 27 108

8. 9.

70 115 2942

98 115 3879

140 230 4977

168 230 5969

196 287 6963

210 345 7742

Subtotal of A

B. Labour 1. 2. 3. For digging the pit For construction Mason 600 600 600 1800 600 800 800 2200 700 1000 1000 2700 800 1000 1000 2800 900 1200 1200 3300 900 1400 1400 3700

Subtotal of B

C. Cost of supply line D. Total cost (A + B + C)

1425 6167

1425 7504

1425 9102

1425 10,194

1425 11,688

1425 12,867

E. Subsidy F. Net cost of installation (D-E)

1800 4367

1800 5704

1800 7302

1800 8394

1800

1800

9888 11,067

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The map of our plants as been finalised with the local manufacturers (Note: This is for 2 m3, we are installing 3 m3)

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The Financial Plan

1.1 Economics of a Biogas plant1 Digester Size 3m3
1

Livestock required 4(2 Cow and 2 Buffaloes)

Annual Maintenance Cost $ 11.1

CERs earned / year 6.1

Framework for Programmatic CDM Projects in Renewable Energy Report May 2009; Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, GoI.

1.1 Financial details of setup of Biogas plants under a single project No. of CERs Targeted per project CERs earned per Biogas plant per year No. of Biogas Plants Targeted Cost of a setup of single Biogas Plant Total Cost of Setup 573 $ 162 $ 93,103 3500 6.1

1.2 Documentation Process It consists of 2 main phases: 1.3.1 Registration process Up Front Costs (stepwise) Project Assessment Project Design Document Validation Initial Verification Total Cost(in USD) $ 1,110 $ 10,977 $ 6,088 $ 3,044 $ 21,222

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1.3.2 Crediting period Yearly Cost Verification and Certification(for 6 years) Total Cost (US dollars) $4,266 $25,600

1.4 Operation and Maintenance cost of a single project of a single year Project survey Cost Maintenance Cost of 1 plant/year Total No. of Plants Total Maintenance Cost for a project/year Project verification and certification cost Total operations and maintenance cost for a project/ year $ 1,110 $ 11 573 $ 6,366 $ 4,266 $ 11,744

1.5 Details of money credited Total No. of CERs in a project Average price of 1 CER Total Money credited per project per year 3500 $ 21.1 $ 73,889

1.3 Estimate for initial 7 years (All Costs in USD) The Total cost includes the setup cost of biogas plants, documentation cost, hiring cost and operations and maintenance cost. The money inflow is due to the trading of carbon credits earned by us.

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Year Setup Cost Documentation cost Hiring Cost O&M Cost Money credited Total Cost(yearly)

1 93089 20111 4667 6356 73889 124233

2 93089 20111 4667 17000 147778 134867

3 93089 20111 5333 27633 221667 146167

4 93089 20111 5333 38267 295556 156800

5 93089 20111 7333 48900 369444 169433

6 93089 20111 7333 59533

7 95756 20111 8667 71778

443333 518711 180067 196311

1.7 Investment v/s Returns Chart for 7 years The major point to note is that although the total cost increases from only $124,233(1st year) to $196,311(7th year), the money credited rises from $73,889 to $518,711.
600.00

500.00

400.00

300.00

Money credited(yearly) Total Cost(yearly)

200.00

100.00

0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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The chart below shows profit before tax, internal rate of return and net present value at different stages. A healthy IRR is achieved by 3rd year and NPV after 7 years is $700,000. Year Total Cost(yearly) Money credited(yearly) Profit Before tax(yearly) IRR NPV (Discount rate = 5.5%) 1.8 Projected growth chart The chart below shows the total money invested and credited till year 1 to 7. The Breakeven point is reached after 3 years.
2500.00

1 124233 73889 -50344

2 134867 147778 12911

3 146167 221667 75500 35.95% 28,177

4 156800 295556 138756 85.97% 198,237

5 169433 369444 200011 107.08% 366,561

6 180067 443333 263267

7 196311 517222 320911

116.56% 120.92% 535,424 699,409

2000.00

1500.00

In Thousands

Total Money invested till year(in USD) Total Money credited till year(in USD)

1000.00

500.00

0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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1.9 Return on Investment (USD) Total Setup cost of Biogas Plants Total Documentation Costs Total Maintenance Cost of Biogas plants Hiring Cost Total Cost on 1 project(3500 CERs) 93089 47711 44488 4666 193333

Total Investment on 1 Biogas Plant in 7 years

Total No. of CERs in 1 project Selling rate of 1 CER Crediting period Money credited in 1 year Total Money credited in 7 years Total Profit on project in 7 years

337
3500 21.1 7 years 73889 517222 323888

Total Profit on 1 Biogas plant in 7 years

565

2.0 Details of Pilot Project We would be surveying villages, finalizing locations for setting up plants for a project and setting up 50 biogas plants initially. All this would be funded by us. This would give us a 2 way advantage. Firstly it will help us in analyzing every part of the project before we approach the investors. Also it will lead to word of mouth marketing and will encourage more people to take part in our project. In USD Survey cost Setup cost of 50 plants Hiring Cost Maintenance Cost Total Cost 1111 8113 1333 555 11111
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Social Impact
Removing drudgery of rural women in the collection of firewood, Provision of clean & convenient cooking fuel to women at their door-step, Saving in time of cooking, Saving in time for cleaning cooking vessels as no soot is formed, Fetching less quantity of water for cleaning of utensils & washing kitchen, Smoke-free kitchen and soot-free walls of the kitchen and the areas surrounding the cooking area, More time available to rural women to take rest during the day as the time spent in collecting the firewood & cooking would be substantially reduced. Adolescent girls who normally required to stay at home and help their mothers to assist in the domestic chores including cooking, could have time to be sent to schools, and Availability of more time with the rural women is utilized by them for carrying out other more productive (socially and economically) activities.

Economic Impact
Construction of the fixed models, about 30% of their cost goes towards providing wages to the local labour, in the form of skilled semi-skilled and unskilled labourers, Generates employment and self-employment for trained local people in providing post-plant implementation services to owners. Biogas digested manure saves money for the farmer which is otherwise, spent for the purchase of costly inorganic fertilizers.
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Biogas digested manure Improves crop yield with reduced cash outflow increasing their net economic benefits, Biogas digested manure improves micro-flora of the soil and building the soil structure and texture, conserves natural resources, which would gradually lead

Environmental Impact
Improves the local environment by reducing uncontrolled deforestation in the project area Avoids local environmental pollution through better waste management Will lead to soil improvement by providing high quality manure Avoids global and local environmental pollution and environmental degradation by switching from non-renewable biomass to renewable energy, leading to reduction of GHG emissions Reduces deforestation, preservation of pasture land, reduces indoor pollution, and increases use of manure rather than chemical fertilizers. Thus the overall quality of soil is maintained for a longer period of time.

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Organisation (Start-up)

Staff
Survey Industrial Relations Accounts Docume ntation

4 Student Interns + Head

Head

Head + 2 Accountants

3 Executives

Setup

Local Manufactu rers

Maintenance

PDD

Consulant
Validation & Verification

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Future Hiring

PDD Experts

Ourselves

Core Team

Trade Analysts

Student Interns

Preparation of PDD, we will be getting it done by a consultant for first 2-3 projects, than as per the volume of the projects, we ourselves will be hiring PDD Professionals who must have worked on full time basis in a CDM Consultancy previously. We will be hiring a Carbon Market Trade Analyst on full time basis after we successfully register 40,000 CERs gets registered, who will be helping us to invest CERs at the right places at right times. Student Interns will also be the part of our team. They will be carrying out online surveys, will design and conduct workshops.

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