Labour law:

Labour law (also called employment law) is the body of laws and administrative rulings which address the legal rights of employees and restrictions on working people and their organizations. It controls the relationship between trade unions, employers and employees. Origin of labour law: The labour movement started in passing of laws protecting labour rights in the 19th and 20th centuries. Labour rights have been essential to the social and economic development since the Industrial Revolution. Employment standards are social norms for the minimum socially acceptable conditions under which employees or contractors will work. Labour law arose due to the demands for workers for better conditions, the right to organize, the right to work without joining a labour union and to keep labour costs low. Types of labour law: There are two broad categories of labour law. First, collective labour law relates to the relationship between employee, employer and union. It includes: Industrial Disputes Act (1947), Trade Unions Act 1926, Provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 which are related to Trade unions, Strikes, Pickets, Workplace involvement. Second, individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work and through the contract for work. There are more than 55 central labour laws and over 100 state labour laws.

The Contract Labour Act (1970) aims at regulating employment of contract labour so as to place it at par with labour employed directly. Women are not permitted to work night shifts. Minimum Wages Act 1948 Weekly Holidays Act 1942 The Payment of Wages Act, 1936 The Workmens Compensation Act, 1923 The Factories Act, 1948 Laws related to Health and safety, Anti-discrimination, Unfair dismissal and Child labour OBJECTIVES OF LABOUR LA WS

1. Social justice : equal distribution of profits and other industrial benefits between owner and workers. Providing protection to workers against harmful effects to health, safety and morality. 2. Social equity: labour laws must be dynamic; government must modify the laws in line with changing environment. 3. International uniformity 4. To keep the interest of community, method of change and welfare programs. 5. To assure the rights of workers and to peaceful direct action if justice is denied 6. Encouragement to mutual settlement like collective bargaining and voluntary arbitration 7. State intervention in favor of weaker party to ensure fair treatment to all 8. Maintenance of industrial peace.

International Labour Organization (ILO):

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is an agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues related to international labour standards. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. Its secretariat the people who are employed by it throughout the world is known as the International Labour Office. Any original member of the United Nations and any state admitted to the U.N. thereafter may join ILO. International Labour Conference The ILO organizes the International Labour Conference in Geneva every year in June, where conventions and recommendations are crafted and adopted. The conference also makes decisions on the ILO's general policy, work programme and budget. The conference elects the director-general, requests information from member states concerning labour matters, appoints commissions of inquiry and supervises the work of the International Labour Office. Each member state is represented at the conference by four people: two government delegates, an employer delegate and a worker delegate. All of them have individual voting rights, and all votes are equal, regardless of the population of the delegate's member state. ILOs achievements: -Started International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization (ITCILO) - Active actions against child labour -Actions against forced labour -Steps for the right of labors for fixing minimum wage -Actions for prevention of HIV