As we know, there are so many contraceptives. Broadly, contraceptives were divided into three major sections.

Namely mechanical contraceptives, hormonal, and contraception.

MECHANICAL CONTRACEPTIVES

Named because of its nature as a mechanical protector. That is, contraception is to prevent the meeting of sperm and egg in the uterus. Well, there are several contraceptives that are included in this class of mechanics, namely condoms and diaphragms.

* Condoms

Used condoms made of animal skin or intestine. Each will be used soaked first. Then made of linen. Now condoms are made of thin rubber and elastic. Shaped like a pouch.

Function of actual condom to collect semen so it does not get into the vagina. The effective protection of 90 percent. Especially when used in conjunction with a spermicide (sperm killer). "On average, from 100 pairs a year, about four women who were pregnant," says Andon.

Condoms are cheap, easily available, do not need a prescription, does not need supervision, and also can prevent the transmission of venereal disease. But not always suitable, especially if the user allergic to rubber. And may be a leak, because the material is very thin.

* Diaphragm

Female contraceptives like condoms. Shaped like a cap that covers the cervix. Made of soft rubber and a bit thick. Contraception is inserted into the vagina, a kind of barrier that can prevent the entry of sperm into the uterus.

The diaphragm is used when going to have sex. Once again it can be released or remain in place. Because the material is thicker than condoms, contraceptives are not likely to leak.

* Contraceptive In the Womb

Contraception in the uterus / IUDs / IUD known as spiral. Shaped small tools and many kinds. Some are made of plastic such as form letters S (Lippes Loop). Some are made of copper metal is shaped like the number seven (Copper Seven) and is similar to the T (Copper T). In addition, there are horseshoe-shaped (Multiload).

"The most famous Copper T and Multiload. Contraception is an option because of its convenience. Recent modifications Copper T, Nova T which has a softer edge, "says Andon.

Intrauterine device is inserted into the uterus by a doctor with the help of tools. Foreign body in the womb it will cause a reaction that can prevent the breeding of the fertilized egg in the uterus. This tool is able to survive in the uterus for 2-5 years, depending on the species and can be opened ahead of time if you want to get pregnant again.

As a user, you can check for themselves the existence of such a device. You do this by touching the thread of contraception in the cervix. If you've done this installation contraception, do not forget to reexamination. Is it 2 weeks, 1-2 months, or every six months to a year after installation. Use of contraceptives without the active ingredient Copper can continue until menopause. While the active ingredient Copper contraceptive, 3-4 years must be replaced.

Contraception to keep in mind this is not a perfect tool. There are still shortcomings. For example, pregnancy can still occur, bleeding, or infection. Probably due to the threads of the device can stimulate the cervix, causing injury and interference with sexual relations. The use of IUDs also make it easier to discharge. Therefore, contraception should be used if there is no infection or bleeding genetalia is not clear.

Profits, this tool can be used for long-term. Did not even disturb the production of milk, if the mother is mmenyusui. "The effectiveness of contraceptive use in the womb, from the thousand couples, about 5 women will become pregnant within a year," says Andon.

* Spermicides

Contraception is a chemical compound that can be crippling to kill sperm. The form can be foam, jelly, cream, vaginal tablet, tablets, or aerosol. Before sexual intercourse, the tool is inserted into the vagina. After about 5-10 minutes of sex can be done. The use of spermicides are less effective if not combined with other tools, such as condoms or a diaphragm. "Of the 100 couples a year, there are three women who are pregnant. But because it is often wrong in its use, can occur up to 30 of pregnancy, "says Andon.

Admittedly, many women feel uncomfortable using spermasida. "Complaint, and the resulting bad allergies," says Andon later. In addition, its use is somewhat troublesome relationship before intercourse. The couple were difficult to achieve satisfaction.

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES

This use of hormonal contraceptives, a combination of progesterone to estrogen and progesterone. The use of contraception was conducted in the form of pills, injections, or implants.

In principle, the mechanism of action of progesterone is to prevent spending the egg from the ovary, thicken the liquid in the cervix so sperm to penetrate, making the inner lining of the uterus becomes thin and unfit for the growth of the conceptus, fallopian tubes running so slow that annoying when sperm meets and egg cells.

* Pills or Tablets

Pill aims to increase effectiveness, reduce side effects, and minimize complaints. Most women can receive contraceptives without difficulty. In Indonesia, this species occupied the number two most used after the injection. These pills are available in different variations. There are only contains progesterone only, some combination of the hormones progesterone and estrogen.

How to use it, taken daily on a regular basis. There are two ways to drink a system 28 and system 22/21. For the system 28, a pill taken continuously without ever stopping (21 tablets pills and 7 placebo tablets combined). While the system 22/21, taking the pill continuously, then stop for 7-8 days to get a chance to menstruation. Thus, the pattern is made with menstrual regulation (sequential).

In the comparative strength of each pill contained estrogenic or progesterogenik, through the assessment of bleeding patterns. Women who menstruate less than 4 hours require birth control pills with high estrogen effect. While women with more than 6 days menstrual require pills with low estrogen effect.

The other characteristic of the berkomponen estrogen hormonal contraceptives cause irritability, tension, weight gain, causing headache, menstrual bleeding a lot, while the berkomponen progesterone cause breast tension, menstrual reduced, feet and hands are cramping, dry hole intercourse.

The use of the pill regularly and in a long time can suppress ovarian function. Other losses may gain weight, also nausea to vomiting, dizziness, forgetfulness, and there are spots on the skin as black spots. Also can affect the liver and kidney function. In addition, the content of the hormone estrogen can interfere with milk production.

The advantage, these pills can increase the libido, as well as for the treatment of endometriosis. Menstruation becomes irregular, reduce menstrual pain and regulate menstrual bleeding.

Effective use of these pills 95-98 percent. So, there are about seven women who became pregnant than 1,000 pairs a year.

* Injections

Contraceptive injections contain synthetic hormones. Inoculation was carried out 2-3 times a month. Injections every 3 months (Depoprovera), every 10 weeks (Norigest), and every month (Cyclofem).

One advantage of injections is not affect breastfeeding. The use of this hormone can also reduce pain and menstrual blood comes out.

Unfortunately, it could make a loss so fat because it increases appetite. Then a layer of the uterus to thin mucus so that your period a little, spotting or no periods at all. Erratic bleeding. The failure rate is only 3-5 of every 1,000 pregnant women partners in a year.

* Implant

Called contraceptives under the skin, due to be installed under the skin on the upper left arm. The shape is kind of small tubes or wrapping silastik (hollow plastic) and the size of a matchstick. Implant mounted in a fan with six of the capsule. Now being tested implant one kapsulimplanon). It contains the active substance or form of the hormone levonorgestrel. The implant will release the hormones slowly. Thus, his concept of inhibiting ovulation and preventing sperm migration.

The use of implants be replaced every 5 years (Norplant) and 3 years (Implanon). Now some are replaced every year. Contraceptive use is cost lightweight. Revocation can be done ahead of time if they want to get pregnant again. Effectiveness, of the 10,000 couples, there are 4 women who became pregnant within a year.

Side effects such as menstrual disorders, irregular periods, spotting or no periods at all. Unless it can cause obesity, breast tension, and dry hole intercourse. Another constraint in the revocation of the implant is difficult to remove because the installation may be too deep. This can cause infection.

Contraception

Chosen for reasons already had enough with the number of children they have. How, husband and wife operation (vasectomy for men and tubectomy for women). Actions performed on the seed line in men and the fallopian tubes in women, so the couple will not get a descent again.

Dedeh Kurniasih.

Safe for a New Married Couple

If you are newly married and not planning to have children, use simple methods to delay pregnancy. What is it?

A. CONDOMS

Sperm that comes out will be accommodated by the condom, so it does not enter into the womb. Failure may occur. Usually because the condom ripped and leaked.

2. Periodic abstinence

To avoid pregnancy, intercourse only during the infertile wife. This can be done in couples whose wife had regular menstrual cycles. Cooperation and understanding husband desperately needed in this regard.

3. Intercourse DISCONNECTED

This approach could be to avoid pregnancy. The concept, removing genitals before the ejaculation. But, the way it was rather annoying satisfaction of both parties. The failure rate is quite high, 30-35 percent. "It's more because my husband can not control, so that the sperm still spilled in the cervix and vagina can still enter." Andon said.

Dedeh

Suitable Presence of Your Choice

Not suitable if:

* Body Weight Unstable

Does the body become thin or fat? If there is a change from normal weight, the possibility of contraceptive use is not suitable.

* Pain Occur

Can be headache, muscle aches, abdominal cramps.

* Changes in Emotion

Appeared anxious, depressed, and so forth.

* Pattern of Menstrual Bothered

Blood came out a lot, little, or none at all.

* Discharge Occur

Numerous and contain odors. 2 Method of Contraception With Tools

Can be divided into:

A. Contraception in the uterus (IUD) An intrauterine device has several types, such as Copper T380A, Nova T, and some who were given hormonal IUD (Mirena, Nova left-handed).

Pros:

Protection rate is quite high, namely the failure of 0.3 to 1 per 100 women per year.

Disadvantages:

Invite the risk of pelvic inflammatory infection, bleeding, and pregnancy outside the womb. Complications of perforation (hole) of the uterus. Does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis B and HIV / AIDS.

2. Methods of contraception With Jinx The most commonly used is the condom, diaphragm, and spermicides.

a. Condom

Small bags made of rubber works by wrapping the penis, so that the sperm that comes out stays in the bag.

Pros:

Safe to use Easy to obtain Quite effective when used properly. Can prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis B HIV / AIDS.

Disadvantages:

There is a risk of tearing. Therefore, the use of condoms only for one time use. Condoms are a good feel slippery and wet. Do not use a condom dry inside, which feels sticky on the hands, or the glue on the plastic wrap. High failure rate, which is 3-15 per 100 women per year.

b. Diaphragm Shaped like a shallow bowl, made of rubber. How to use inserted into the vagina. This tool works by covering the cervix, so sperm, but still get into the vagina, could not continue the journey to the uterus.

Pros:

Can be used many times. Protect against pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases hepatitis B HIV / AIDS.

Disadvantages:

High failure rate, which is 5-20 per 100 women per year. Difficult to install.

c. Spermicides FP has a different shape. There aerosol foam (foam), tablet, cream, jelly, and sponges. Used topically in the vagina before intercourse. Spermicides kill sperm cells before it enters the uterus.

Pros:

Protect the wearer from a sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea, klamida, hepatitis B, HIV / AIDS There were no systemic side effects / on the body.

Disadvantages:

10-25 The failure rate of 100 women per year. Not provide protection against hepatitis B, sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV / AIDS, chlamydia, gonorrhea. Can cause itching or blisters on the vagina. Not very effective when used without any assistance just another tool such as condoms or a diaphragm.

3. Hormonal methods of birth

Most hormonal contraceptives containing estrogen and progesterone or only progesterone only.

a. Integrated Pill Generally contain synthetic hormones estrogen and gestagen. The pill is the recommended low-dose pills that contain estrogen are less than or equal to 35 micrograms and 1 mg progesterone.

Pros:

Easy to obtain

Disadvantages:

Must be taken every day. Not all women are advised to use the pill, that is:

nursing mothers, smokers, aged 40 years and over, have any health problems such as seizures, tuberculosis, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis, heart ever stroke, and others.

Side effects:

Irregular bleeding occurs outside the menstrual period. nausea headache

b. Mini Pill Differences with integrated control pills, the pills contain only gestagen only.

Pros:

Can be used for breastfeeding mothers Easy to obtain

Disadvantages:

Have side effects, namely: Irregular bleeding Menstruation does not come Sometimes headaches arise

c. Injection Injection of KB protection from pregnancy until the time was injected again. Its effectiveness is similar to the combination pill and mini pill and the IUD beyond. Failure usually occurs because of poor adherence to schedule injection or injection technique is wrong. The workings of one of them is an injectible causes thickening of cervical mucus, thus reducing the ability of sperm penetration.

I need to know, if the contraceptive injection is stopped to wait a year or more to get pregnant again. Users will receive hormone injections every 1-3 months, namely:

Injections of progestin; Hormone injections containing only gestagen only. For example, Depo Provera, and depo noristerat.

Pros:

Can be used for pregnant or lactating women should not wear extra estrogen.

Disadvantages:

Have side effects: Irregular bleeding Menstruation does not come Weight gain

Integrated injection Hormone injections containing gestagen and estrogen, for example, estrogen-progesterone depot or cyklofem.

Pros:

Not affect the menstrual cycle

Disadvantages:

Nursing mothers can not be used Difficult to obtain Relatively expensive Not recommended for women who take birth control pills are advised not integrated and progestin injections.

d. Implant Used to put under the skin surface of the inner sleeve. There are two types:

Norplant is a contraceptive method 5-year term. Effectiveness of the contraceptive implant consists of six rods is very high. Pregnancy rate per year on average less than 1%. Implanon: a contraceptive implant consists of a single rod can be used at least 3 years.

Pros:

After installed the device will prevent pregnancy for 5 years. Can be used by women who have problems with the hormone estrogen. Can be used by women who undergo treatment for spasticity. Although designed 5 years, can be removed at any time.

Disadvantages:

Implant more easily installed than removed. So before using this method, make sure that health workers in clinics or family planning services have post trained and skilled and willing to remove the implant if no longer desired.

Implant should be avoided if relevant: People with cancer or a hard lump in the breast Come too late menstrual Abnormal bleeding from the vagina Patients with heart disease Want to get pregnant in the next few years

Lactation Contraception Methods

This method can only be applied to nursing mothers who truly exclusive breast / continuously.

Pros:

Economical. Reduce postpartum hemorrhage. Provide good nutrition to infants.

Disadvantages:

Only protects the first 6 months. The failure rate / 6 pregnancies per 100 women per year.

Method of Emergency Contraception (Post-Intercourse)

Actually this is not an alternative contraception for pregnancy prevention. However, an emergency contraceptive method can be used, that is after sex and before implantation (attachment of the embryo to the uterine wall).

What to watch for, emergency contraception is only permissible for a woman who does not use any type of contraception and that the man withdraws before the middle of her menstrual cycle.

There are several types of emergency contraception, namely:

Estrogen: Already becoming obsolete because the dose used is quite high, giving rise to many side effects.

Estrogen-progesterone: Administered within 24 hours or no later than 48 hours pascasanggama. The dose should be high.

Gestagen: Given no later than 3 hours after intercourse.

Danazol: Required dose 800-1200 mg / day. Many side effects.

Antiprogestin: Known as abortivum. The dose is enough 600 mg / day.

Some things to note:

Higher effectiveness when used immediately after copulation. To avoid disruption of the menstrual cycle, use only 1 time in 1 menstrual cycle. If menstruation does not occur in the next cycle, she should do a pregnancy test. After using emergency contraception should not have intercourse again until it comes the following menstrual cycle. When the embryo has implanted in the womb of the pills or tablets can not prevent pregnancy. Can be used even if the effects of disability. Therefore, sex steroids should not be given after 72 hours pascasanggama. When the time has been exceeded and permanent implantation was about to be prevented, it will be installed from the copper IUD.

Disadvantages:

Headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Concerned need to be given drugs Antiemetic. If pregnancy does occur it is necessary to consider termination of pregnancy to prevent the effects of defects / abnormalities in the fetus.

Contraceptive methods Steady

Also known as sterilization, which is operating on channel ovaries (female) or sperm ducts (male) for sterile or no egg to be fertilized or sperm cells to fertilize. Sterilization in women referred with tubectomy, while the men known as vasectomy.

Tubectomy

Pros:

Quite effective in preventing pregnancy 0.1 / 100 women per year.

Disadvantages:

Permanent Not protected from sexually transmitted diseases

Vasectomy

Pros:

Quite effective in preventing pregnancy 0.3 / 100 women per year.

Disadvantages:

Permanent. Not protected from sexually transmitted diseases.

Need Adjusted With Age

The selection of contraceptives needs to be adjusted with age. For women 20-35 years old are advised to use contraceptive pills or condoms. Contraception in the uterus like an IUD or Spiral is the second choice to avoid the risk of infection in the uterus.

With the same reason, the IUD should not be used for women who have never had children. IUD / Spiral can be used by females who have or have had children over the age of 30 years. As for women over 40 years do not use birth control pills. Birth control pills usually use the hormones estrogen and or synthetic gestagen. To take this pill takes a pretty good liver function, while the liver function in women over 40 years is usually reduced. Instead, use an IUD or Kontap (contraception), such as tubectomy or vasectomy.