Example Design of 20 Story Building ACI

Draft No.
ACI 314 Task Group B/C
Preliminary Design of a 20-story Reinforced Concrete Building

By
Mike Mota, P.E.
Chair Task B-C
Preliminary Design and Economical Impact
Member of ACI and Secretary of Committee 314
Atlantic Regional Manager
CRSI
Jim Lai, S.E.
(Retired)
March 19, 2008
Page 1 of 46
Draft No. 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Building description.. ..3

1.1
Material..3
1.2
Design loading3
1.3
Story weight. ..3
1.4
Governing codes.3
2.
Outline of preliminary design procedure:6

2.1
Loading:..6
2.1.1 Develop seismic loading based on ASCE7-05 Chapter 11 and 126
2.1.2 Design of structural wall (shear wall)6
2.1.3 Design of special moment frame6
3.
Lateral Force Analysis:7

3.1
Mapped Spectral Acceleration7
3.2
Structural System7
4.
Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure:8

4.1
Unit Loads ..9
4.2
Seismic Story Shear and Building OTM.9
4.3
Preliminary design of structural wall.10
5.
Moment Frame Design:..21

5.1
Two moment frames in each direction..22
5.2
Seismic Force distribution using Portal Method...25
5.3
Based on two cycle moment distribution..25
5.4
Column axial load (Between 3rd and 4th Floor)..25
6.
Preliminary Material Quantities for Superstructure only....31

6.1
Shear-walls.31
6.2
Columns.32
6.3
Slabs...32
7.
Appendix A:
Power-point slides from Atlanta Session..34
Page 2 of 46
Draft No. 1

1
1. Building Description:
20-story office building in Los Angeles, CA has a dual moment resisting frame system of reinforced
concrete structural walls and reinforced concrete moment frames. Typical floor plan and an elevation are
shown in Figures 1 and 2.
The building is square in plan with five 28-ft bays totaling 142 ft 3 inches out to out in each direction.
Story heights are 23 ft from the first to second floors and 13 feet for the remaining 19 stories; the overall
building height is 270 feet.
Typical floor framing consists of 4 inches thick light weight concrete slabs, 12 x 18 beams at 9 ft- 4in
o.c. and 18 x 24 girders; interior columns are 30 inches square for the full height of the building.
Girders at the periphery of the floor are 27 x 36 and columns are 36 inches square for the full height of the
building.
A 28 ft x 84 ft x 13 ft high penthouse with equipment loading at the roof level
A small mezzanine floor at the first story
1.1 Material:
Concrete Strength fc = 4,000 psi above 3rd floor (light weight 115 pcf)
fc = 5,000 psi below 3rd floor (normal weight)
Reinforcement -
fy = 60,000 psi
1.2 Design Loading:
Partition including miscellaneous dead load = 20 psf

Floor Live load
= 50 psf (reducible based on tributary area)
1.3 Story weight:
Roof =
wrf =2800 kips
Floor 1620 wi = 2800 kips
Floor 9 15 wi = 2850 kips
Floor 3 8 wi = 2900 kips
Floor 2 w2 = 4350 kips
Total building weight wi = 58,500 kips
1.4 Governing Codes:
IBC -2006
ACI 318-05
ASCE 7 -05
This example was originally developed by James S. Lai of Johnson and Nielsen Associates, Structural
Engineers, Los Angeles, CA for BSSC trial design and was published in FEMA 140, Guide to Application of
NEHRP Recommended Provisions in Earthquake-Resistant Building Design, Building Seismic Safety Council,
Washington, D.C. 1990.
Page 3 of 46
Draft No. 1

5 Bays @ 28 0 = 140 0
Typical
Bay
Stair
Beam
Girder
Elevator
Opening
Fig. 1 - Typical Floor Plan
Page 4 of 46
5 Bays @ 28 0 = 140 0
Draft No. 1
Roof
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
19 Stories @ 13 0
= 247 0
10
270 0
9
Columns
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
23 0
1
Fig. 2 - Elevation
Page 5 of 46
Draft No. 1

2.0 OUTLINE OF PRELIMINARY DESIGN PROCEDURE:
2.1 LOADING
2.1.1 Develop seismic loading based on ASCE7-05 Chapter 11 and 12.
Establish response modification factor R, deflection amplification factor Cd and overstrength factor 0
Establish mapped maximum considered earthquake spectral response acceleration for short and long
periods Ss and Sl from USGS data base
Calculate design spectral response acceleration SDs and SDl
Establish a standard response spectrum for design reference
Calculate fundamental period Ta using (Eq. 12.8-7)
Calculate seismic response coefficient, Cs
Calculate seismic base shear V
Calculate vertical distribution of story seismic forces
Calculate building overturning
Distribute seismic forces to structural walls and building frames accounting for accidental torsion
Approximate building deflection (any suggestions without doing computer run?)
2.1.2 Design of structural wall (shear wall)
Obtain seismic base shear for one wall pier from horizontal distribution
Calculate required seismic shear strength at lower story
Design wall thickness or guess at wall thickness and calculate nominal shear strength base on 8fc
Calculate seismic overturning moment by proportion of building overturning or from story force
distribution
Calculate gravity loads dead and live with the approximate loading combinations
Base on the calculated seismic OTM, obtain the approximate area of tension reinforcement
Check for requirement of boundary element based on Section 21.7.6 (ACI 318)
Establish P0, Pb, Mb, Mn to draw an interaction diagram based on = 1
Based on Pu/ and Mu/, check that design is within the interaction diagram envelope
Check for termination of boundary reinforcement requirement
Calculate confinement reinforcement for longitudinal boundary rebar
For upper stories, establish shear strength for reduce wall thicknesses and the minimum reinforcement
requirements
2.1.3 Design of special moment frame
Obtain seismic base shear for one perimeter frame from horizontal distribution (no less than 25% of total
building shear)
Distribute story seismic shear to column based on portal method (or other acceptable method)
Calculate seismic axial force and moments in end column and first interior column
Calculate gravity loads dead and live axial loads
Calculate gravity load moments based on approximate coefficients
Obtain combined loading combinations for girders and columns
For girder design, calculate minimum required flexural strength and reinforcement
Calculated required shear strength based on probable moment strength of girder, and design shear reinf.
For column (design end column and first interior column), design longitudinal reinforcement such that the
column moment strength satisfies equation (21-1.)
Calculate probable moment strength of column ends
Calculate required shear strength
Design transverse confinement reinforcement
Check joint shear strength requirement
Page 6 of 46
Draft No. 1
3. Lateral Force Analysis

(Seismic)
Code: ASCE 7-05 and ACI
318-05
Reference
ASCE 7-05
3.1 Mapped Spectral

Acceleration
Remarks
11.4.1
Short period
One second
Site Class
Sa
2.25
S1
0.75
From USGS data base
D
Site Coefficent
11.4.2
Fa
1.0
Table 11.4-1
Fv
1.5
Table 11.4-2
11.4.3
SMS
Fa Ss
2.25
(Eq. 11.4-1)
SM1
Fv S1
1.13
(Eq. 11.4-2)
11.4.4
SDS
2SMS/3
1.50
(Eq. 11.4-3)
SD1
2SM1/3
0.75
(Eq. 11.4-4)
11.4.5
T0
0.2 SD1/SDS
0.10
sec
Short period transition period
TS
SD1/SDS
0.50
sec
Long period transition period
Maximum Considered Earthquake
Design Spectral Accel parameter
Design Response Spectrum
TL
For T < T0
Sa
For T0 T TS
Sa
SDS
For TS T TL
Sa
SD1/T
0.563
(Eq. 11.4-6)
Sa
MCE
=
=
SD1 TL/T2
1.5 DBS
=
=
0.845
(Eq. 11.4-7)
11.4.6
For T > TL
MCE Response Spectrum
Occupancy Category
Importance Factor
12.0
From USGS data base
SDS[0.4 + 0.6 T/T0] =
(Eq. 11.4-5)
11.5.1
Table 11.5-1
1.0
Seismic Design Category
11.6
Based on SDS
SDS
0.50
Table 11.6-1
Based on SD1
SD1
0.20
Table 11.6-2
12.2
3.2 Structural System

Dual System
Response Modification Factor
D3
R
Table 12.2-1
Table 12.2-1
7.0
System overstrength factor
2.5
Table 12.2-1
Deflection amplification Factor
Cd
5.5
Table 12.2-1
1.0
Table 12.2-1
Table 12.3-1
Table 12.3-2
12.3.4.2
Height Limit
Horizontal Structural Irregularity
Vertical Structural Irregularity
Redundancy Factor
Analysis procedure
USE:
NL
None
None
T
<
3.5 Ts
Equivalent Static analysis
Page 7 of 46
T = fundamental period
of structure
I
I
From USGS data base

Default Site Class
1.75
Table 12.6-1
1.5 x Design response

spectrum
Draft No. 1
4. Equivalent Lateral Force

Procedure
12.8
Building Height
hn
Effective Seismic Weight

Calculation of Seismic Response
270
ft
58,500
Problem statement
kip
12.8.1.1
12.8.1.1
Cs
SDS /[R/I]
For T TL
Cs
=
>
SD1 /T[R/I] =
0.01
For S1 0.6
Cs
0.5 S1/[R/I] =
Seismic Reponse Coefficient
0.214
(Eq. 12.8-2)
0.080
(Eq. 12.8-3)
(Eq. 12.8-5)
(Eq. 12.8-6)
12.8.2.1
Building Period
Period Parameter
Period Parameter
Approx. Fundamental Period
T=
Seismic Base Shear
Ct
x
=
=
0.02
0.75
Table 12.8-2
Table 12.8-2
Ta
Ct hnx
1.33
sec.
(Eq. 12.8-7)
Cs W
4,705
kip
(Eq. 12.8-1)
Vertical Distribution of Force
12.8.3
Vertical Distribution Factor

For T < 0.5
For T =
For T 2.5
Story Force
Cvx
1.33
wx hxk / wihik
k
k
k
=
=
=
=
=
Fx
Cvx V
Amplification of Mta
Deflection at center of mass
Period for computing drift xe
Interpolate in between
1.2
12.8.4
Vx
Mta
n
i= xFi
(Eq. 12.8-13)
5%
12.8.4.2
2
[max /1.2avg]
Ax
=
=
Cd se/I
CuTa
Cu
=
=
Px /[Vx hsx Cd]
(Eq. 12.8-16)
max
0.5/ ( Cd)
(Eq. 12.8-17)
0.25
(Eq. 12.8-15)
12.8.6.2
Table 12.8-1
12.8.7
P- Effects
Stability Coefficient
(Eq. 12.8-12)
2.5
Horizontal Distribution of Force

Accidental Torsion
Governs design
Page 8 of 46
Draft No. 1
4.1 Unit Load

Typical Floor
Finish floor
4" LW Conc.
Slab
Ceiling
Misc
Partition
Beams
Girders
Columns
Dead Load*
Live
Total Load
2
45
7
6
10
20
10
70
50
120
90
40
130
10
110
30
140
100
35
135
* USE same load at roof to allow for equipment wt.

4.2 Seismic Story Shear and Building OTM
Level
Height to Level
x
hx
Weight
at Level
x wx
wx hxk
k=1.2
wx
hxk
wihi
Seismic
Force
at
Level x
Story
Shear
Force
OTM
ft
kips
x 103
Cvx
kips
kips
kip-ft
Roof
270
2,800
2,316
0.099
468
20
257
2,800
2,183
0.094
441
468
6,080
19
244
2,800
2,051
0.088
414
908
17,889
18
231
2,800
1,921
0.082
388
1,323
35,083
17
218
2,800
1,792
0.077
362
1,710
57,319
16
205
2,800
1,664
0.071
336
2,072
84,258
15
192
2,850
1,566
0.067
316
2,408
115,565
14
179
2,850
1,440
0.062
291
2,724
150,983
13
166
2,850
1,315
0.056
266
3,015
190,180
12
153
2,850
1,193
0.051
241
3,281
232,829
11
140
2,850
1,072
0.046
216
3,521
278,607
10
127
2,850
954
0.041
193
3,738
327,200
114
2,850
838
0.036
169
3,930
378,296
101
2,900
737
0.032
149
4,100
431,590
88
2,900
625
0.027
126
4,248
486,820
75
2,900
516
0.022
104
4,375
543,690
62
2,900
410
0.018
83
4,479
601,913
49
2,900
309
0.013
62
4,562
661,214
36
2,900
214
0.009
43
4,624
721,327
23
4,350
187
0.008
38
4,667
782,002
4,705
890,218
Total
58,500
Seismic base shear
23,304
1.000
V=
Page 9 of 46
4,705
4705
kips
Draft No. 1
28.0
1.25
A
3.00
22.0
3.00
1.25
A
2.5
P3
P2
P1
h
4.25
A-A
Plan
Elevation
4.3 Preliminary design of structural wall
Dead Load
Level
P1
P2
P3
Roof
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Note
1
2
P1
PD
131
147
147
147
147
147
147
147
147
147
147
147
147
147
147
147
147
151
151
227
24
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
62
62
62
62
62
62
66
66
133
65
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
86
86
129
220
284
284
284
284
284
284
284
284
284
284
290
290
290
290
290
290
304
304
489
3,005
1,225
1,666
5,896
Live Load
P2
220
504
788
1,072
1,356
1,640
1,925
2,209
2,493
2,777
3,061
3,351
3,641
3,930
4,220
4,510
4,799
5,103
5,407
5,896
Wall - Lt Wt above 4th floor

Include Mezz. Floor
Page 10 of 46
P3
PL
41
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
59
0
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
16
0
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
47
41
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
122
805
157
612
1,573
Draft No. 1
Reference table
Perimeter Frame
Based on Portal Method for horizontal force distribution

Level
Force
to
Frame
Vs
Int
Column
V
Ext
Column
V
Int
Col
M
Ext
Col
M
Roof
Girder
M
Girder
Shear
46
3.3
Ext
col
axial
Load
PE
Int
col
axial
Load
PE
OTM*0.15/140
20
70.2
14.0
7.0
91
46
134
9.6
19
136.3
27.3
13.6
177
89
218
15.5
13
11
19
18
198.4
39.7
19.8
258
129
296
21.1
28
15
38
17
256.6
51.3
25.7
334
167
369
26.3
50
20
61
16
310.8
62.2
31.1
404
202
437
31.2
76
24
90
15
361.2
72.2
36.1
470
235
500
35.7
107
28
124
14
408.7
81.7
40.9
531
266
560
40.0
143
32
162
13
452.3
90.5
45.2
588
294
614
43.8
183
35
204
12
492.1
98.4
49.2
640
320
663
47.4
227
38
249
11
528.2
105.6
52.8
687
343
708
50.6
274
41
299
10
560.7
112.1
56.1
729
364
748
53.4
325
43
351
589.6
117.9
59.0
766
383
783
55.9
378
46
405
614.9
123.0
61.5
799
400
814
58.1
434
48
462
637.3
127.5
63.7
828
414
841
60.1
492
49
522
656.2
131.2
65.6
853
427
863
61.7
552
51
583
671.8
134.4
67.2
873
437
881
63.0
614
52
645
684.2
136.8
68.4
890
445
896
64.0
677
53
708
693.6
138.7
69.4
902
451
906
64.7
741
54
773
700.1
140.0
70.0
910
455
1,267
90.5
805
54
838
705.8
141.2
70.6
1,623
812
896
97
954
Page 11 of 46
Draft No. 1

Preliminary design of structural wall
Reference
ASCE
7-05
Material Propoerties
Base Shear to structural walls
fc
fy
V
ksi
=
ksi
x
=
=
=
5
60
0.85
=
=
3,999
1.0
kips
Load factor for E

Factor seismic force ea
panel
Vu
3,999
1,000
/
kips
Wall length
lw
30.5
Wall height
hw
270
ft
Consider wall thickness
14
in
Acv
14
5,124
x
Sq
in
Gross wall area
Minimum wall length based on
Required shear strength

Wall reinforcement
For 6 @ 12" o.c. ea face
Vn
Vu/
Remarks
reg wt below 3rd Flr
12.2.5.1
At lower story, walls

resist 75 to 95% of
story shear
Eq (9-5)
Acv 6 fc
5,124
x
2,174 kips
4
366
ea pier
Can increase after 1st

iteration
0.424
Can increase to 8fc

after 1st iteration
1,000
1,666
kips
hw/lw
=
=
270
8.9
2.0
0.88
0.00524
=
=
Acv (2 fc + t fy)
5,124 x (
0.141
/
>
in
366
0.60
9.3.4
< Vn
Conservative to
consider shear control
30.5
2
21.7.4
kips
168
Spcg may be changed

after 1st iteration
+
0.314
Eq (21-7)
)
Reg. Wt Conc
0.221
Reg. Wt Conc
0.221
Lt Wt conc.
0.120
0.258
Lt Wt conc.
0.120
0.167
Lt Wt conc.
> Vu/
2,335
14
in
Vn
5,124
x(
0.141
1,859
kips
>Vu/
14
in
Vn
5,124
x(
0.120
1,751
kips
>Vu/
12
Vn
=
=
4,392
1,663
12
Vn
=
=
4,392
1,260
x(
kips
Application of Resultant
hx
0..5 hn
135
Required moment strength
Mu
1,000
135
For #4 @ 12" o.c. ea face
psi
4705
Vn
For #5 @ 12" o.c. ea face
=
=
=
5,000
ACI
318-05
in
x(
kips
in
Page 12 of 46
ft
Due to dynamic
behavior
Draft No. 1
Min. Ht. Of Boundary element

Consider building displacement
134,978
kipft
Mu /
134,978
0.65
207,658
kip-ft
Mu /
134,978
0.90
149,975
kip-ft
may be increased
based on t
134,978
4000
34
T12.121
ft
> lw
Mu /4Vu =
=
=
=
0.0015
0.405
4.9
x
x
in
270
12
=
=
Cd
5.5
4.9
12.12.1
26.7
in
u/hw
=
=
>
26.7
0.008
0.007
=
=
=
=
=
lw 600(u/hw)
30.5
/(
6.2 ft =
0.80
x
4.9
ft
=
=
=
=
74
74
134,978
5,209
/
/(
kip
Conservative for dual

system
s = 0.025hx = 81 in.
3240
600
74
6.2
x
in.
0.008
Eq (21-8)
)
R10.2.7
Boundary element
Extend of boundary element
or
Appro. Tension force
c0.1lw
c/2
T
36.6
2
28.4
Less 0.9 D
PD
=
=
0.9
2,705
3,005
Net tensile force due seismic
PE
=
=
5,209
2,505
kip
2,705
Minimum tension reinf.
As
=
=
=
PE / fy
2,505
46.4
As
=
=
1.56
56.2
Pu
=
+
=
5,896
1,573
9,592
x
x
kip
1.2
1.6
Pu/
9,592
0.65
Pu
=
+
=
5,896
1,573
8,648
x
x
kip
1.2
1.0
Pu/
8,648
0.65
Pu
=
=
5,896
6,551
/
kip
0.9
Pu/
6,551
0.65
Ag
=
=
3,060
6,756
Try 36- #11

Total factored load to wall
Required axial strength
1.2D+1.6L
1.2D+1.0L+1.0E
0.9D + 1.0E
Conc Section at Level 1
/(
sq. in.
0.9
=
=
-
< 51"
< 51"
2.5
60
37.3
37.0
x
36
sq. in.
+
3,696
sq. in.
Page 13 of 46
May not be adequate

for compression
Eq.(9-2)
14,757
Eq (9-5)
may be increased
13,305
Eq (9-7)
10,079
may be increased
Ignore L-shape in
prelim design
Draft No. 1
Average compressive stress
Ast
181.0
Pu / Ag
=
=
9,592
1.4
/
ksi
Po
Nominal axial strength

at zero eccentricity
Nominal axial strength
0.35 fc'
1.75
ksi
>
0.10 fc'
0.5
ksi
=
=
+
=
0.85 fc' (Ag-Ast) + fy Ast

0.85
x
5.0
60
x
199.4
27,865
+
11,966
39,832
kips
Pn
=
=
0.80 Po
31,865
kips
=
=
9,592
14,757
199.4
in2
Total in wall panel
6,756
<
Po
Pu/
18.5
6,557
Eq (10-2)
/
0.65
9.3.2.2
Nominal Moment Strength

At Pn = 0
Ignore rebar at
compression side
and wall reinf.
Strain diagram
0.003
t
=0.011
c
a
Force diagram
T1
T2
T3
Cc
363
Nominal moment strength
T1
60
74.88
4493
48 # 11 at ends
T2
60
15.60
936
10 # 11 in web
T3
60
3.52
211
count 8 # 6 effective
5,640
a
c
=
=
C /( 0.85 fc' b)
44.2
/
=
=
44.2
55.3
=
=
0.003
0.017
x
>
307.7
0.005
55.3
Mn
4,493
26.5
119,202
+
+
936
211
x
x
23.4
20.4
=
=
21908.8
4309.93
145,421
At Pn = 0
Mn
k-ft
Page 14 of 46
0.80
kips
in.
in.
10.3.4
< 51.0
Tension control
Draft No. 1
Calculate Pb, Mb
at balance strain condition
Strain diagram
0.003
0.00207
Force diagram
Cs3
T2
T1
T3
Cs2
Cs1
Cc2
Cc1
0.003
363
c
d-c
a
=
=
=
=
=
363
215
148
0.80
172
x
in.
in.
x
in.
0.0051
215
12.2.7.3
At Cs1
0.00264
>
x = 215-25.5 =189.5
At Cs2
0.00212
>
x = 215-63 =152 in.
At Cs3
0.00162
<
x = 215 -99 =116 in
At T1
0.00175
<
x = 148 -22.5= 125.5
At T2
0.00123
<
x = 148 - 60 = 88 in
At T3
<
Compressive force
0.00073
Cc1
0.85 fc'b(51)
x = 148 -96 = 52 in
Cc2
0.85 fc'b(a-51)
7,192
Cs1
74.88
55.8
4,175
Cs2
15.60
55.8
870
Cs3
3.52
42.7
150
18,889
T1
74.88
50.9
3,811
T2
15.60
35.7
557
T3
3.52
21.1
74
Pb
18,889
4,442
Moment about C.L of wall
6,503
kips
fs = E s s
4,442
kips
14,447
kips
k-ft
Cc1
6,503
13.1
85345.3
7,192
6.0
42889.9
Cs1
4,175
13.1
54791.1
Cs2
870
10.0
8697
Cs3
150
7.0
1051
T1
3,811
13.1
50013.1
T2
557
10.0
5569.59
T3
74
7.0
520
Mb
Page 15 of 46
fs = E s s
Cc2
fs' = fs - 0.85fc'
248,878
k-ft
Draft No. 1

Calculate Pn, Mn
at 0.005 strain condition
Strain diagram
0.003
0.0050
Tension control when

t > 0.0050
Force diagram
Cs3
T2
T1
T3
Cs2
Cs1
Cc2
Cc1
0.003
363
c
d-c
a
=
=
=
=
=
363
136
227
0.80
109
x
in.
in.
x
in.
0.0080
136
At Cs1
0.00244
>
x = 136-25.5 =110.5
At Cs2
0.00161
<
x = 136-63 =73 in.
At Cs3
0.00082
<
x = 136 -99 =37 in
At T1
0.00450
>
x = 227 -22.5= 204.5
At T2
0.00368
>
x = 227 - 60 = 167 in
At T3
0.00288
>
x = 227 -96 = 131 in
Compressive force
Cc1
0.85 fc'b(51)
6,503
Cc2
0.85 fc'b(a-51)
3,445
Cs1
74.88
55.8
4,175
Cs2
15.60
42.5
663
Cs3
3.52
19.5
69
14,853
Moment about C.L of wall
fs' = fs - 0.85fc'
fs = E s s
kips
fs = E s s
T1
74.88
60.0
4,493
T2
15.60
60.0
936
T3
3.52
60.0
211
5,640
kips
T
Pn
14,853
5,640
9,213
kips
Cc1
6,503
13.1
85345.3
k-ft
Cc2
3,445
8.6
29584.4
Cs1
4,175
13.1
54791.1
Cs2
663
10.0
6628
Cs3
69
7.0
480
T1
4,493
13.1
58968
T2
936
10.0
9360
T3
211
7.0
1478
Mn
Page 16 of 46
246,635
k-ft
Draft No. 1
Confinement Reinforcement
Reinf. ratio
74.88
1530
0.0489
bc
51.0
4.0
47.0
fc'/fyt
60
0.08333
Ash
=
=
0.09sbcfc'/fyt
0.353 s
For s = 6 inches
Ash
2.12
Sq. in.
# 5 Hoop plus 5 #5 cross ties
Ash
=
=
2.17
Sq. in.
In-plane direction
Out-of-plane direction
Less than 8%
Eq. (21-4)
bc
30.0
4.0
26.0
fc'/fyt
60
0.08333
Ash
=
=
0.09sbcfc'/fyt
0.195 s
For s = 6 inches
Ash
1.17
Sq. in.
# 5 Hoop plus 2 #5 cross ties
Ash
1.24
Sq. in.
Within the 24" of web
21.7.6.5
15.60
336
0.04643
bc
24.0
4.0
20.0
fc'/fyt
60
0.08333
Ash
=
=
0.09sbcfc'/fyt
0.150 s
For s = 6 inches
Ash
0.90
Sq. in.
#5 Hoop plus 2 #4 cross ties
Ash
=
=
0.89
Sq. in.
In-plane direction
Out-of-plane direction
# 4 Grade 40
bc
14.0
4.0
10.0
fc'/fyt
60
0.08333
Ash
=
=
0.09sbcfc'/fyt
0.075 s
For s = 6 inches
Ash
0.45
Sq. in.
# 5 Hoop
Ash
0.62
Sq. in.
Development of horizontal wall reinforcement

For # 6 bars
ld
fc' = 5000 psi
For # 5 bars
fc' = 4000 psi
=
=
=
ld
db (fy t e )/(25fc')
34
25.5
12.2.2
db
in.
Straigth development
in boundary element
Straigth development
in boundary element
38
db
23.7
in.
Page 17 of 46
Draft No. 1

Boundary Element (Cont.)
Reference
ASCE
7-05
ACI
318-05
Check when boundary reinforcement may be discontinue

Consider the boundary element size is reduced to 30 x 30 at upper stories
Size
2.5
1.0
2.5
2.5
Area
6.25
x
14.0
Ax2
1225
Ad2/12
3
25.5
2.5
25.5
6.25
0
14.0
0
1225
1382
3
2450
1388
3838
ft4 =
5472
38.0
I=
2450
Ag =
38.0
c=
183
Level
PD
1388
144
PL
Mu
kip -ft
1520
79,590,816
in
in.
20
504
119
Pu
kip
723
0.132
0.042
0.174
19
788
197
1143
4472
0.209
0.123
0.332
18
1,072
276
1562
8771
0.285
0.242
0.527
17
16
1,356
1,640
354
433
1982
2401
14330
21064
0.362
0.439
0.395
0.581
0.758
1.020
15
1,925
511
2820
28891
0.515
0.797
1.313
0.15 fc' =
0.600
Pu/Ag
Muc/I
<
0.15fc'
ksi
May discontinue boundary element at the 18 floor
21.7.6.3
28.00
1.25
fc
3.00
22.00
2.50
1.17
PLAN
Page 18 of 46
3.00
1.25
Remarks
Draft No. 1
30.0
14.0
4 spcg @ 12"
#
48 11
51.0
8 #6
48.0
10 11
24.0
DETAIL
Confinement not shown for clarity
40,000
P0
Pn
30,000
P (kip)
20,000
Pn
PbMb
10,000
Min. eccentricity
t = 0.005
Mn
100,000
Moment
200,000
kip-feet
Simple Interaction Diagram
Page 19 of 46
Draft No. 1
Rf
Bar A
Bar B
48 #
11
10 #
11
20
19
18
17
# 5 @ 12" EWEF
h = 12 "
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
h = 14"
# 5 @ 12" EWEF
5
4
Bar B
3
Bar A
2
Bar B
Bar A
h = 14"
#6 @ 12 EWEF
WALL ELEVATION
Page 20 of 46
Draft No. 1
5 #5 Crossties @ 6" o.c.
5Hoops @ 6" o.c.
Wall Reinf.
30.0
14.0
2 #4 Crossties @ 6" o.c.

ld
48 #11
51.0
10 #11
24.0
PLAN DETAIL BOUNDARY ELEMENT
5. Moment Frame Design

5.1 Two moment frames in each
direction
Reference
ASCE
7-05
Min. Seismic shear to
moment frames
Torsion - Accidental
Vx
ecc
=
=
=
25%
5%
7.0
Torsion
Torsional stiffness
=
=
7 Vx
4R
(70)2
19600
TcR/J
7Vx R
Additional force
Force per frame
Vx
Vx + Vx
x
x
ft
Vx
140
ACI
318-05
12.2.5.10
12.8.4.2
R
x
0.025
Vx
=(
0.125
0.150
Vx
Design frame for
Fx
30%
Vx
Or per frame
Fx
15%
Vx
Page 21 of 46
70
0.025
/
)
Vx
19600
Draft No. 1
5.2 Seismic Force distribution using Portal Method

At 11th Floor
Exterior Column
Axial Load
Axial Load
Interior Column
Girder shear
At 3rd Floor
Exterior Column
Axial Load
Interior Column
Axial Load
Girder shear
V12
3521
15%
528
V11
216
15%
32
kips
V11
3738
15%
561
kips
MA12
53
6.5
343
kip-ft
MA11
56
6.5
364
MAB
708
kip-ft
PA12
274
kips
=
687
kip-ft
MA-12+MA-11
PA11
325
kips
MB12
106
6.5
112
6.5
MB11
729
MBA =MBC
(MB-12+MB-11) /2
708
kip-ft
VBA =VAB
(MAB+MBA) /28
51
kips
V4
4624
15%
694
kips
V3
43
15%
V3
4667
15%
700
kips
MA4
69
6.5
451
kip-ft
6.5
455
906
MA3
70
MAB
MA-12+MA-11
kip-ft
PA4
741
kips
PA3
805
kips
MB4
139
6.5
902
kip-ft
MB3
140
6.5
910
PB4
MBA
=MBC
VBA
=VAB
54
kips
(MB-12+MB-11) /2
906
kip-ft
(MAB+MBA) /28
65
kips
Page 22 of 46
Draft No. 1
Remarks
Rf Level
70
A
3
7
14
14
12th Floor
14
14
11th Floor
Vu =
OTMu
=
> 25 %
528
41,791
kips
kip-ft
Vu =
561
OTMu =
49,080
kips
kip-ft
Line of symmetry
53
106
106
106
106
53
Above Flr Line

Below Flr Line
32
A
56
112
112
4th Floor
112
112
3rd Floor
Vu =
694
OTMu
=
108,199
69
kips
kip-ft
Vu =
700
OTMu =
117,300
kips
kip-ft
139
139
139
139
69
6
A
70
140
Page 23 of 46
140
140
140
Draft No. 1
Loads
Dead Load
1.2D
1.2D +1.6 L
1.2D
+1.0L+1.0E
0.9D+1.0E
=
+
=
=
=
=
=
0.09
5.9
2.25
0.04
0.61
2.70
3.68
x
x
k/ft
x
k/ft
k/ft
k/ft
=
=
3.31
2.03
k/ft
k/ft
FEMTL
L
Load combinations
Fixed end moment

Member stiffness -
To edge of slab
wl2/12
15.2
0.15
15.2
187.0
k-ft
FEMD
=
Consider column far end fixed
147.3
k-ft
Ic
0.70Ig
4.73
ft4
Ig
0.35Ig
1.77
ft4
519119.5
Kc
4EIc/L
754720
Kg
4EIg/L
131402.1
DFAB
Ig/(Ic+Ig) =
DFBA
Ksf
0.080
0.074
Gravity Load moment distribution
Spandrel wt
Line of symmetry
86
A
Service Load
-68
0
-68
8.5
B
D.F.
Service Load
D
FEM
-147
147
-147
147
-147
147
36 Sq column
TL
-187
187
-187
187
-187
187
27x36 Girder
B.J.
15.0
2.9
-2.9
2.9
-2.9
fc' = 4000
C.O.
B.J.
-M
0.1
0.6
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-172
191
-190
190
-190
Page 24 of 46
-147
147
-147
147
-12
0.5
0
0
135
Draft No. 1
5.3 Based on two cycle moment distribution

Exterior column
Interior Column
Girder at ext. support
Girder at int. support
MD+L
86
k-ft
MD
68
k-ft
ML
18
k-ft
ME
451
k-ft
MD+L
k-ft
MD
k-ft
ML
k-ft
ME
910
k-ft
MD+L
-172
k-ft
MD
-135
k-ft
ML
-36
k-ft
ME
906
k-ft
MD+L
-190
k-ft
MD
-147
k-ft
ML
-43
k-ft
ME
906
k-ft
5.4 Column axial load (Between 3rd and 4th Floor)

PD)A4
812
kip
PL)A4
148
kip
PD)A3
860
kip
PL)A3
157
kip
PD)B4
1302
kip
PL)B4
272
kip
PD)B3
1379
kip
PL)B3
289
kip
fc'
ksi
fy
60
ksi
(1.2D+1.6L)
-Mu
-245
(1.2D+1.0 L+1.0E)
-Mu
-1177
(1.2D+1.0 L-1.0E)
-Mu
635
(0.9D+1.0E)
+Mu
773
kft
kft
kft
kft
ln
=
=
28.0
25.0
ft
3.0
bw
h
=
=
27
36
in
in
> 10 in.
Ext column
Int Column
Above 3rd Flr

Below 3rd Flr
Above 3rd Flr
Below 3rd Flr
Frame Girder Design (3rd floor)
Factored Moment
Aspect ratios
Page 25 of 46
(9-2)
(9-5)
(9-7)
21.3.1
Draft No. 1

ln /d
8.3
>
bw/h
0.75
>
Min. hc
=
=
=
=
20
22.6
36.0
33.0
x
<
in
1.128
36 in.
3
Eff. d
Minimum
column width
Longitudinal reinf.
21.3.2
Try 6 # 11 top and

4 - # 11 bottom
Min. As
200bwd/fy =
3.0
Sq. in.
Max. As
0.025bwd =
22.3
Sq. in
=
=
(
=
=
fy As / 0.85fc'b
60
x
0.85
x
4.9 in.
a/0.80
=
=
=
x(
=
fy As (d-a/2)
60
x
33.0
k1430
ft
>
Mu/
-a
c
-Mn
-t
Similarly
+a
+Mn
9.36
5
9.36
2.4
)/
1307.38
kft
/
=
=
=
(
=
0.003
0.013
60
0.85
3.3
x
>
x
x
in.
26.9
0.005
6.24
5
=
x(
60
33.0
6.24
1.6
)/
979
x
kft
=
859
kft
>
Mu/
fydb / (65fc' )
18 in.
ldh
=
=
For Straight top bar
ldh
=
=
3.25
60
x
in.
18
ldh
=
=
2.5
150
x
in.
60
Page 26 of 46
27
6.1
With 90 std hook
For Straignt bott. Bar
12
= 0.90
6.1
27
12
(21-6)
21.5.4.2
Draft No. 1
21.3.4
Girder Shear Strength (3rd Floor)
wu=1.2D+1.0L +1.0E
-Mpr
1752
k-ft
+Mpr
1207
k-ft
wuln /2
3.31
41.4
kip
Ve
Consider #4 ties 4"o.c.
=
=
=
>(
>
At 12" o.c.
Based on 1.25fy
25.0
(-Mpr + Mpr)/ln wuln/2

118.4
41.4
160 kips
160
+
41.4
101 kips
Vc
Vs
=
=
=
Av fy bw/s
0.40
x
162 kips
Max Vs
=
=
8 fc' bw d
504 kips
Vn
=
=
=
Vc + Vs
0
162
Beyond 2h from support
Based on 1.25fy
Ve
)/2
for 2xh from

face of support
60
+
kips
162
160
kips
=
+(
=
41.4
1177
94
x
+
kips
6.5
635
/
)/
Vu /
=
=
94
125
/
kips
0.75
Vc
=
=
Vs
54
Vn
180
Vu
27
/4
12.5
25.0
2 fc' bw d
126 kips
kips
>Vu /
Design Exterior Column (Between 3rd and 4th Floor)

fc'
ksi
fy
60
ksi
-Mu
110
kft
Pu)A4
1211
kip
Above 3rd Flr
Pu)A3
1283
Below 3rd Flr
Factored Moment
(1.2D+1.6L)
(1.2D+1.0 L+1.0E)
(1.2D+1.0 L-1.0E)
(9-2)
-Mu
550
kip
kft
Pu)A4
1863
kip
Above 3rd Flr
Pu)A3
1994
Below 3rd Flr
(9-5)
-Mu
-514
kip
kft
Pu)A4
382
kip
Above 3rd Flr
Pu)A3
317
kip
Below 3rd Flr
Page 27 of 46
Draft No. 1
(0.9D1.0E)
Aspect ratios
Pu)A4
-10
kip
Above 3rd Flr
Pu)A3
-75
kip
Below 3rd Flr
lu
=
=
=
=
13.0
10.0
36
1
ft
in
>
kip
b=h
b/h
Pu
>
390
kft
+Mu
(9-7)
3.0
21.4.1
0.4
Agfc/10
648
Try 16 # 10 Vert.
=
=
20.32
0.015679
/
>
1296
1%
At Pn = 0
=
=
=
=
680
4.45
4.45
5.56
/
in
/
in
153
=
=
0.0030
0.0148
=
=
680
17,538
1,462
Mnc
2923
Mnb
1430
6/5Mnb
1716
<
Mnc
Pu/
=
=
1863
2866
Mnc
2850
Pu/
=
=
317
487
Mnc
1650
c
t
At Pn = 0
At
At
Mnc
x
>
x
(
kip-in
kft
kft
kft
kft
21.4.2
9 bars effective
0.80
27.44
0.005
28.0
5.56
Tension control
2.2
Ave. d = 28.0
Conservative
See girder abv
21.4.2.2
/
kip
kft
/
kip
kft
0.65
> Mu/
847
k-ft
OK
791
k-ft
OK
0.65
> Mu/
Design Interior Column (Between 3rd and 4th Floor)

fc'
ksi
fy
60
ksi
-Mu
14
kft
Pu)B4
1999
kip
Above 3rd Flr
Pu)B3
2118
Below 3rd Flr
-Mu
919
kip
kft
Pu)B4
1889
kip
Above 3rd Flr
Pu)B3
1998
Below 3rd Flr
-Mu
-902
kip
kft
Factored Moment
(1.2D+1.6L)
(1.2D+1.0 L+1.0E)
(1.2D+1.0 L-1.0E)
Page 28 of 46
(9-2)
(9-5)
Draft No. 1
(0.9D1.0E)
Aspect ratios
Pu
>
Pu)B4
1782
kip
Above 3rd Flr
Pu)B3
1891
Below 3rd Flr
+Mu
910
kip
kft
Pu)B4
1118
kip
Above 3rd Flr
Pu)B3
kip
Below 3rd Flr
lu
b=h
b/h
=
=
=
=
13.0
10.0
36
1
ft
in
>
kip
(9-7)
3.0
21.4.1
0.4
Agfc/10
648
Try 16 10 Vert.
=
=
20.32
0.015679
/
<
1296
6%
Larger than 1%
At Pn = 0
=
=
=
=
680
4.45
4.45
5.56
/
in
/
in
153
9 bars effective
=
=
0.0030
0.0148
=
=
680
17,538
1,462
Mu/
910
Mnc
2923
Mnb
1430
6/5Mnb
2890
<
Mnc
Pu/
=
=
1889
2906
Mnc
2750
Pu/
=
=
1118
1721
Mnc
2600
c
t
At Pn = 0
At
At
Mnc
21.4.2
0.80
x
>
x
(
kip-in
kft
27.44
0.005
28.0
2.2
/
kft
0.9
1011
+
kft
979
Mpr
Mpr
=
=
=
Tension control
)
Ave. d = 28.0
OK
Conservative
2409
See girder abv
21.4.2.2
/
kip
kft
0.65
> Mu/
/
kip
kft
1752
2959
1480
1413
k-ft
OK
1400
k-ft
OK
0.65
> Mu/
Design Column Shear Strength (Between 3rd and 4th Floor)

=
5 ksi
For 36 x 36 column
fc'
fy
=
1.25
x
=
75 ksi
=
1.0
Girders
5.56
60
+
1207
ft-kip
ft-kip
Page 29 of 46
21.3.4
See Girder
abv
Draft No. 1

At
Column
Pu /
Mpr
=
=
1782
3050
/
0.65
ft-kip
Design for
Mpr
1480
ft-kip
Ve
=
=
=
Mpr /
lu
1480
148
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
139
139
213
0
Av fy bw/s
1.55
582
=
=
=
=
=
8 fc' bw d
672 kips
V c + Vs
0
+
582 kips
Probable shear strength
From Portal analysis
Vu
Vu/
Consider ties @ 5.5"o.c.

5 legs
Vc
Vs
Max
Vs
Vn
Transverse
reinforcement
Try #5 ties at
>
Vu/ =
s
hx
=
=
/
kip
kip
/
kip
x
kips
148
kips
5.75
8
in
in.
2741
Interaction
diagram
R
21.3.4
Consider Mpr
top and
bottom the
same
Due to
seismic
10
0.65
60
36
/ s
582
OK
on center
=(
36
3.5 ) 2
=
1056 Sq in
=
1296 Sq in
Ag
Ash
=
0.3 (sbcfc /fyt)[(Ag/Ach) - 1]
(21-3)
=
1.17 Sq. in.
Ash
=
0.09 sbc fc /fyt
(21-4)
=
1.55 Sq. in.
s0
=
4 + (14 - hx)/3
(21-5)
=
6 in
36 Square Column w/ 16 # 10 Vert.
#5 Hoops plus 3 #5 cross ties @ 5.75" o.c. for 3 feet top and bottom
and through joint, balance @ 12" o.c.
Ach
Or
Max spacing
USE:
Page 30 of 46
Say OK
Draft No. 1
6.
Preliminary Material Quantities for Superstructure only:

6.1
Typical Shear-wall (4 total)
4.25ft x 2.5ft (typ.)
22ft x 1.17ft (typ.)

48#-11
48 #-11
10-#11
32-#6
10-#11
10-#11
32-#6
10-#11
48#-11
Total weight of longitudinal reinforcement:
# 11 184 * (4 walls) * 270 ft * 5.31 lb/ft/2000:
527 tons
# 6 64 * (4 walls) * 270 ft * 1.50 lb/ft/2000:
52 tons
Total weight of transverse reinforcement:

Hoops at boundary elements:
# 5@6 26/ea * (12 elem.) * (270 ft/.5) * 1.04 lb/ft/2000:
88 tons
Cross-ties at boundary elements:
5-# 5@6 2/ea *5* (12 elem.) * (270 ft/.5) * 1.04 lb/ft/2000:
Page 31 of 46
37 tons
Draft No. 1
Hoops at wall elements:
# 5@12 24*(2) * (8 elem.) * (270 ft) * 1.04 lb/ft/2000:
Total weight of reinforcement in shear walls
54 tons
758 tons
Estimated quantity of concrete:
Shear walls:
o
6.2
84 sq.ft.(270ft)*(4 locations)/27
3,360 cy
Columns:
Total weight of longitudinal reinforcement:
36 x 36 Col (24
locations)
16 # 10 Vert.
# 11 16 * (24) * 270 ft * 5.31 lb/ft/2000:
Total Wt per square foot of total building area 1033T(2000)/392,000 sq.ft.

(with .5 psf for miscellaneous steel)
275 tons
~ 6 psf
Columns:
o
9 sq.ft.(270ft)*(24 locations)/27
Page 32 of 46
~2,200 cy
Draft No. 1
6.3
Floor slab:
\
Estimated quantity of reinforcement:
4.5 lt. wt. concrete slab (Est. quantity of rebar)
3.5 psf
slabs:
o
140x140x(4.5/12)*19fl/27
Page 33 of 46
~5,200 cy
Draft No. 1
Preliminary Design and Economical Impact of

Simplified Design of R/C Structures
Gravity/Lateral Force Resisting System
by Michael Mota and James S. Lai
ACI Spring Convention 2007
Simplified Design of Concrete Structure
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Draft No. 1
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Draft No. 1
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Draft No. 1
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Draft No. 1
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Page 46 of 46

Example Design of 20 Story Building ACI

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Example Design of 20 Story Building ACI

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Draft No.

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

Preliminary Design of a 20-story Reinforced Concrete Building

March 19, 2008

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

Building description.. ..3

Outline of preliminary design procedure:6

Lateral Force Analysis:7

Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure:8

Moment Frame Design:..21

Preliminary Material Quantities for Superstructure only....31

Power-point slides from Atlanta Session..34

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

A 28 ft x 84 ft x 13 ft high penthouse with equipment loading at the roof level

A small mezzanine floor at the first story

1.2 Design Loading:

Partition including miscellaneous dead load = 20 psf

1.3 Story weight:

1.4 Governing Codes:

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

Fig. 1 - Typical Floor Plan

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

3. Lateral Force Analysis

3.1 Mapped Spectral

From USGS data base

Short period transition period

Long period transition period

Maximum Considered Earthquake

Design Spectral Accel parameter

Design Response Spectrum

From USGS data base

SDS[0.4 + 0.6 T/T0] =

Seismic Design Category

3.2 Structural System

System overstrength factor

Deflection amplification Factor

From USGS data base

1.5 x Design response

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

4. Equivalent Lateral Force

Effective Seismic Weight

Seismic Reponse Coefficient

Seismic Base Shear

Vertical Distribution of Force

Vertical Distribution Factor

Px /[Vx hsx Cd]

Horizontal Distribution of Force

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

4.1 Unit Load

* USE same load at roof to allow for equipment wt.

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

Wall - Lt Wt above 4th floor

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

Based on Portal Method for horizontal force distribution

ACI 314 Task Group B/C

Load factor for E

Consider wall thickness

Gross wall area

Minimum wall length based on

Required shear strength

For 6 @ 12" o.c. ea face