Spring2012:AMI OG1 CVE710 RISKANDRELIABILITY INSTRUCTOR Dr.Anastasios(Tasos)M.Ioannides,AssociateProfessor,730ERC(ML0071).Tel.:(513)5563137; email:<Anastasios.Ioannides@uc.edu>;http://www.eng.uc.edu/~aioannid/ ClassmeetsTuTh3:304:45PMin661BH. TEACHINGASSISTANT NoneAvailable OFFICEHOURS Prof.:TuTh1:003:15PM.TA:None.Othertimesbyappointment.ReviewSessionstobescheduledas needed. REQUIREDTEXTS Haldar,A.andMahadevan,S.

devan,S.(2000),Probability,ReliabilityandStatisticalMethodsinEngineering Design,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,NewYork,NY Ioannides,A.M.(2005),CEE710RiskandReliability:SupplementaryClassNotes,UC,Cincinnati,OH HIGHLYRECOMMENDEDTEXTBOOKS LHarr,M.E.(1987),ReliabilityBasedDesigninCivilEngineering,McGrawHill,NewYork,NY LMadsenH.O.,Krenk,S.,andLind,N.C.(1986),MethodsofStructuralSafety,PrenticeHallInc., EnglewoodCliffs,NJ LAng,A.HS.AndTang,W.H.(1975;1984),ProbabilityConceptsinEngineeringPlanningand Design,Vols.IandII,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,NewYork,NY Note: Additionalmaterialwillbeintroducedinclass.Besuretoattendandtakegoodnotes! GRADINGSCHEME 4NumericalHomeworks:10%;4MultipleChoiceAssignments:10%;UnannouncedQuizzes:10%;1 Midterm:20%;1Project:20%;FinalExam:30%.TOTAL:100%.Quizzesmaybegivenduringanyclass sessionandwilllastlessthan10minutes.Allquizzeswillbeclosedbook,exceptforone8.5x11in.sheet,andwill pertainonlytothematerialcoveredduringtheimmediatelyprecedingpresentation.Amissedquizcannotbemade upfor.Youarestronglyencouragednottomissanyquizzesbyattendingallclasssessions! GRADERANGES A:>93%;A:>90%;B+:>86%;B:>83%;B:>80%;C+:>76%;C:>73%;F:<73%(Theselimitsmayberevised downwardatthediscretionoftheInstructor,butwillnotberevisedupward.) EXPECTEDCLASSPARTICIPATION Attendclasses;takenotes;followinstructions;arrivepromptly;bringtextbook;stayalert;askquestions; respondtoquestions;readassignments;practicesolvingproblems;takeadvantageofOfficeHoursand ReviewSessions;prepareneatsubmissions;youmayworkonhomeworksingroups,butfinalwriteup mustbedoneindividually;turnsubmissionsinbyduedateunlessextensionisrequested;improvewith time;beoriginal;gofurtherthanexpected. SAMPLEPERSONALCARD Line1: HELM,AnnaAbigail;<Anna.Helm@uc.edu> Line2: Structures(orGeotechnical,Environmental,Construction,Transportation);Advisor;Year1or2. Line3: StatisticsandProbabilitycoursestaken(oranyotherrelatedcourse) Line4: CoopwithTerraconConsultants,Dayton,OHfor2years;SummerworkwithODOTas surveyor;LibraryassistantatUCfor3months;RAforProf.SmithsinceAug.05 Line5: Thesis(MSorPhD)orNTO;UGSonlyorUGS+RA.

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 Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6 Week7 Week8 Week9 Week10

Spring2012:AMI OG1 CVE710 RISKANDRELIABILITY CLASSCALENDAR TUESDAY Mar. 27I(xiii3) Apr.03II(919) THURSDAY 29I(48) 05II(1929) 12III(4958) 19IV(8199) 26V(120134) 03VI(138155) 10VII(181201) 17VIII(225234) 24VIII(243248)

10III(3549) 17IV(6381) 24V(106120)

May 01MIDTERMEXAM 08VI(155173) 15VII(201222)

22VIII(234243)

29IX(250257) 31IX(257266) FINALEXAMINATIONThursday,June7,2:154:15p.m. Note:RomannumeralsfollowingdatesdenoteChapterintextbookcoveredthatday;Arabic numbersinparenthesesindicatepagenumbersforthereadingassignments.Othersymbols meanthefollowing:NoClass.;ProjectTypedue;ProjectProposaldue;ProjectFirstDraft due;ProjectFinalSubmissiondue. CHAPTERTITLES I.BASICCONCEPTOFRELIABILITY II.MATHEMATICSOFPROBABILITY III.MODELINGUNCERTAINTY IV.COMMONLYUSEDPROBABILITYDISTRIBUTIONS V.DETERMINATIONOFDISTRIBUTIONSANDPARAMETERSFROMOBSERVEDDATA VI.RANDOMNESSINRESPONSEVARIABLES VII.FUNDAMENTALSOFRELIABILITYANALYSIS VIII.ADVANCEDTOPICSONRELIABILITYANALYSIS IX.SIMULATIONTECHNIQUES Note: Asaminimum,youareexpectedtosolveALLproblemsattheendofeachChapter,forpractice.

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 Spring2012:AMI OG1 CVE710 RISKANDRELIABILITY NUMERICALHOMEWORKS NumericalHomeworkswillbeassignedonThursday,andwillbedueaweeklaterat5pm,or(if requested24hoursbeforetheduedate)onMondaybeforenoon.Eachnumericalhomeworkwillconsist ofupto10problemsfromthetextbookandsupplementarymaterials.Youareadvisedtostartworking ontheseHomeworksassoonasthematerialiscoveredinclass.PleaseadhereVERYCAREFULLYtoall instructionsbelowregardingyoursubmissions: a) TheSolutionsManualforthetextbookisavailableintheEngineeringLibrary.Simply reproducingessentiallythesamesolutionfromtheManualwillgetyouonly25%ofthepoints.Your ownsolutionisexpected,withcompleteanddetailedexplanationsofeverystepyoutake.Makeliberal useoftextualcommentstoguidethereaderthroughyouranswer. b) Solutionstonumericalproblemsmustbehandwritten,inneat,bright,reasonablylargeandtidy handwriting.Typingisoftentimeconsuming:typingequationsisparticularlydiscouraged. c) Startyouranswertoeachquestiononanewsheetofpapertoallowforselectivegrading.Write onlyononesideofthepaper.Usepaperliberally,sothatyoursubmissionlooksattractiveandnot crowded.Respectall4margins(1inch,allaroundrequired).Submityoursolutionsinaplastic,see throughfolderwithadjustablespinetoholdyourpaperstogetherwithoutastaple.Prepareatyped coverpageshowing:Coursenumberandname,Quarter,Instructor,AlphanumericalHomework numberandtitle(ifany),listofquestionsattempted,yourname,dateofsubmission. d) Inmanycases,theuseofacomputerisessential,oratleastveryhighlyrecommended.Youwill bepenalizedforNOTusingthecomputertoareasonableextent.Pleaseincludeprintoutsfromany computerprogramsyouuse,e.g.,fromEXCEL.Retainallgeneratedspreadsheets,programinputand outputfiles,etc.,untiltheendoftheQuarter.Incaseofrepetitivecalculations,provideinyour submissiontheformulaeyouuse,withoneexampleshowingthedetailsofthecalculation. e) Inpreparingyoursubmission,youareencouragedtofollowthefollowingprocedure: i.Readthequestionasposed,andunderstandtheproblem; ii.Identifyandrereadthesectionsinthetextbookthatprovidecluestotheguideyoursolution; iii.Attempttosolvetheproblemonyourown,makingnotesaboutwhatyouachieve,andwhat youneedhelpwith; iv.RefertotheSolutionsManual,andmakenotesregardingadditionalcluesregardingthe solution,andgobacktothetextbookforadditionalreading,ifnecessary; v.Discussthesolutionwithanyofyourclassmates,perhapsformingstudygroups; vi.Prepareyoursubmission,basedonyournotesandyourdiscussions,ONYOURown,onfresh paper(notyournotes); vii.Fora10%bonus,submityournotesmadeduringtheprocessofansweringeachquestionas anAppendixattheendofyoursubmission. Numerical HomeworkNo. Assigned Due Content 1ThWk2 04/05/12 04/12/12 Ch.2+SetTheory+Probability 2ThWk4 04/19/12 04/26/12 Ch.3,4+QualityControl 3ThWk6 05/03/12 05/10/12 Ch.5,6 4ThWk8 05/17/12 05/24/12 Ch.7,8

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 Spring2012:AMI OG1 CVE710 RISKANDRELIABILITY MULTIPLECHOICEASSIGNMENTS MultipleChoiceAssignmentswillbeassignedonTuesday,andwillbedueaweeklaterat5pm,or(if requested24hoursbeforetheduedate)onThursdaybeforenoon.Eachoftheseassignmentswillrequire youtocompilefifteen(15)multiplechoicequestionsfromthetextbookreadingassignments, supplementarymaterials,problemsandlecturessincetheprevioussuchassignment.Youareadvisedto startcompilingyourquestionsasthematerialiscoveredinclass.Aperfectquestionisonethatcanbe cutandpastedontoanexam,incontentandformat.Bonusequaltohalfthedifferenceingradefromthe previousassignmentwillbeawardedifimprovementisnoted.PleaseadhereVERYCAREFULLYtoall instructionsbelowregardingyoursubmissions: 1. Makeyourquestionschallenging,butnotunfair,foraclosedbookexam. 2. Provideanindicationofthecorrectselection,aswellasevidenceforthis(10wordsmin.,per examplebelow). 3. Pleaseformulateyourquestionsindependently!Someofyourquestionsmaybeusedonour Exams. 3. Submityourquestionsbyemail(inthebodyofthemessage,notasanattachment),by5pmon theduedate. UsethefollowingintheSubjectLine:CVE710MCAssgt1(or2,3,4) 4. Youmaynotsubmitthesamequestionstwice. 5. SampleQuestionFormat:YOUMUSTADHERETOTHISFORMAT! When parameters q and r in a beta distribution are both equal to 1, then the beta distribution becomes a: (A) Uniform distribution; (B) Normal distribution; (C) Poisson distribution; (D) Geometric distribution. Correct Answer: (A). Textbook, p.72-When q and r are both equal to one, the beta distribution becomes a uniform distribution. Additionalinstructions: i.Nofillintheblanks,norTrue/Falsequestions; ii.Noreversequestions,e.g.,Theaverageiswhat?; iii.NoexcessiveuseofAlloftheaboveanswers; iv.Avoidmakinggeneralstatementsintodogmaticassertions; v.Spellcheckandbeconsistent; vi.Avoidsymbolsandusenames,e.g.,<sigma>; vii.Nounnecessaryblanksandcapitalization; viii.MoreaftereachAssignment. MultipleChoice AssignmentNo. Assigned Due Contents 1TuWk1 03/27/12 04/03/12 Preface,Ch.1,SetTheory 2TuWk3 04/10/12 04/17/12 Ch.2,Ch.3,+Probability+QualityControl 3TuWk5 04/24/12 05/01/12 Ch.4,Ch.5 4TuWk7 05/08/12 05/15/12 Ch.6,Ch.7

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 Spring2012:AMI OG1 CVE710 RISKANDRELIABILITY EXAMINATIONS Themidtermaswellasthefinalexaminationswillconsistoftwosections:(a)problems analogoustothoseinthetextbookandsupplementarymaterials;(b)multiplechoicequestions.These willbeapproximatelyinequalproportions(50%eachsection).TheSolutionsManualforthetextbookis availableintheEngineeringLibrary.SimplyreproducingessentiallythesamesolutionfromtheManual willgetyouonly25%ofthepoints.Yourownsolutionisexpected,withcompleteanddetailed explanationsofeverystepyoutake.Makeliberaluseoftextualcommentstoguidethereaderthrough youranswer.Themultiplechoicequestionswillbebasedupto50%onthosesubmittedbytheclass duringtheQuarter. Allexamswillbeclosedbook,closednotes.Youwillbeallowedtobringintotheexamination roomone(1)8.5x11in.sheet,withanyequationsyouthinkyoumightneed.Chartsandtableswillbe provided,asneeded.Themidtermexaminationwillcoveronlypartofthecourse.Thefinal examinationwillbecomprehensive. EXAMINATIONBONUSPOINTS Youmayearnbonuspointstobeaddedtoyourmidtermortothefinalexaminationsby submittinguptothreePowerpointpresentations,extractedfromthesupplementarymaterials.Youwill earnTHREEsuchbonuspointsforeachcompletetranscriptionsubmitted,plusafourthpointifyour transcriptionissubmittedwithintwoweeksofcoveringthePowerpointmaterialinthecourse.Youmust obtainpriorauthorizationbeforepreparingapresentationtoavoidrepetitions(firstcome,firstserved; threepointpenaltyforfailuretocomplete).YoursubmissionswillNOTbereturned,sokeepacopyor submitthembyemailasa.pptfile.ThedeadlineisTUESDAYat5pm,eachweek(lastone:5/22/12). Presentationsmustconformtotheformatofclasspresentations,andconsistofatleast20slides.Useof colorandgraphicsisencouraged,sothatdrymaterialismadeinteresting.

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Spring2012:AMI EB1 CVE710 RISKANDRELIABILITY PROJECT InordertocompletethisAssignment,youwillneedtomakeuseofawidevarietyofresourcesbeyondthoseprovided inClass,mostnotablytheWorldWideWebandtheUniversityLibrary.Alistofresourcesusedmustbeprovided inanAppendixtoyourProjectsubmission.InasecondAppendix,provideapproximately20pagesofWeb printoutsand/orcopiesfromtheliteratureconsulted.PleaserefertotheSuggestionsforHighQualitySubmissions forguidanceinpreparingyourProjectsubmission,whoseformat,volumeandqualityshouldbecommensurateto thatofatechnicalnotesubmittedforpublicationinarefereedJournalinCivilEngineering,andmorespecifically oneoftheASCEJournals. 1. InconsultationwithyouradvisorandwiththeInstructor,selectanappropriatetopicrelevantto yourgraduatespecialtyandtotheapplicationoftheprinciplesofreliability,risk,probabilityand/or statistics,inordertocompletethisassignment.Alternatively,andonlyifyouareunabletoselectyour ownProjecttopic,youmay,againinconsultationwiththeInstructor,selectfromamongthetopicsina listtobeprovideduponrequest,inordertocompletethisassignment. 2. SelectthetypeofProjectyouwishtoworkon,amongthefollowing:LiteratureReview;Design Application;TheoreticalDevelopment;DataAnalysis;DataCollection;Combinationoftwoormoreof theabove.Length:12pages,singlespaced,inbodyofemail.Deadlinefortopicandprojecttype selection:Tuesday,April3,2012,5:00PM. 3. PrepareaProposaldescribingtheProjectyouintendtopursue.Length:35pages,inASCE format,hardcopyinbinder.SubmitittotheInstructorforfeedbackbyTuesday,April17,2012,5:00PM. 4. ProceedwiththecompletionofyourProject,incorporatingadequatelythefeedbackreceivedon yourproposal.LengthandformatperASCE,hardcopyinbinder.SubmityourProjectdraftforreview andgradingbyTuesday,May08,2012,5:00PM. 5. ReviseyourProjectinamanneraddressingtheconcernsnotedinthereview.Lengthandformat perASCE,hardcopyinbinder.SubmityourFinalProjectmanuscriptforasecondgradebyTuesday, May29,2012,5:00PM. PointersforasuccessfulProject: 1.Thisisareliabilityproject,notaprojectforstructuresorgeotech,etc.Thefocusofeverythingyoudo mustbeonthecontentofCVE710,notonthetechnicalissuesrelatedtoyourthesisoryourspecialty. 2.Selectaverynarrowproject,sothatyourreliabilitytreatmentofitcanbeverydeep. 3.Selectaprojectaboutatechnicalissuethatissimpleandwellknown,sothatyoucanfocusonlearning thereliabilitytechniquesyouwillapply. 4.Keepyourscopemanageable.ReliabilityMethodsinStructuralEngineering:ALiteratureReview wouldcallforseveralvolumes,soavoid! 5.BespecificaboutwhatcontentsofCVE710youwillbefocusingon.

Spring2012:AMI EB1 CVE710 RISKANDRELIABILITY PROJECT:INSTRUCTIONSFORPROPOSALS 1. AllprojectsmustincludeaLiteratureReview,forwhichyoumustincludethefollowingitems alongwiththemainbodyofyourproposal: (a)Alistof4journalstobeexaminedforreferencesinthelast5years; (b)Atimeschedule,indicatingthetasksyouproposeandtheirdurationwithinthetimeframeofthis project; (c)Alistof5to10referencesconsultedinpreparingtheproposal. 2. Asyouproceedtoprepareyourfirstdraft,pleasekeepinmindthefollowing: (a)StayfocusedonissuespertinenttoCVE710,i.e.,reliability,risk,statistics,probability,variability, uncertainty,safety,etc.; (b)StayincloseconsultationwithyouradvisorandtheInstructor; (c)Spreadtheworkoutovereachcoupleofdays. 3. WithregardtoFORMAT: (a)ConsulttheASCEformatforitsJournalsandadheretoit,especiallyincitingreferences. 4. WithregardtoSYNTAX: (a)ConsulttheSuggestionsforHighQualitySubmissions,aswellasstandardtextsonwritingstyle,and followtheadvicegiven; (b)Haveafriendreadandcritiqueyourwork; (c)Certainlyproofreadyourownwork,usespellcheck,etc. 5. WithregardtoCONTENT: Thefollowingsectionheadersaresuggested:(a)StatementofProblem;(b)ObjectivesofStudy;(c) Methodology;(d)TimeSchedule;(e)ListofJournalstobesearched;(f)Referencescited. 6. Additionaladvice: (a)Usepagenumbers.Afooterisrecommended,withthedateontheleft,yourinitialsontherightand thepagenumberinthecenter. (b)Aheaderonthefirsttextpageisrecommended,listingthewritersname,Coursenumberandtitle, TitleandtypeofProject,dateofsubmission. (c)Acoverpageisrecommended,listingCoursenumberandtitle,Quarter,TitleandtypeofProject,the writersname,dateofsubmission,Wordcount. (d)Leavetwoblankspacesafteraperiod(.). (e)Avoidabbreviations,e.g.,cant. (f)AvoidHoweverandButatthebeginningofasentence.Ifpossible,neverusehowever.

Spring2012:AMI EB1

CVE710 RISKANDRELIABILITY ORGANIZATIONOFTECHNICALPAPER COVERPAGE: Title(limitedto75charactersincludingblanks) Author(s),Affiliation(s),Address(es),Contactinformation WordCount JournalName Dateofsubmission ABSTRACT(withKeyWords;limitedto250words) LISTOFSYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONS(alphabeticallybyLatin,thenbyGreekalphabets) INTRODUCTION(5%)H Stateproblem;definescopeandobjectivesofpaper;outlinepaperstructure. DEFINITIONANDENUMERATIONOFTECHNICALISSUES(15%) Mustincludeliteraturereview,whichmustprovidesynthesisanddiscussion,pointingoutpoints ofagreementanddisagreementamongauthors,notmerelyenumerationofpapersreviewed. METHODOLOGYTOADDRESSISSUES(15%) PRESENTATIONOFDATAANDOTHEREVIDENCE(15%) Mayincludecasehistories,numericaldata,witnessbypreviousauthors,aswellasyourown calculations. DISCUSSIONOFDATA,EVIDENCEANDISSUES(40%) ThisisTHEmostimportantsegmentofthepaper,onwhichpublicationhingesprimarily. CONCLUSIONS(10%) Thismayincludeasummaryofprecedinginformation,butitsmainpurposetoarticulatewhat weknownow,afterthispaperhasbeenwritten,thatwedidnotknowbefore.Eachconclusionmustbe rationallybasedontheinformationanddiscussion,withnonewissuesraised,excepttopointoutthose forwhichfurtherresearchisneeded. REFERENCES TABLES FIGURES APPENDICES HPercentagesgivenarerecommendedportionsofthetotallengthofthepaperforeachsection.

Spring2012:AMI EB1 CVE710 RISKANDRELIABILITY PROJECT:ADDITIONALINSTRUCTIONSFORPROPOSALS USEA....AFORCITATIONS!!!ABSOLUTELYNOPLAGIARISM!!! 1. YouMUSTadheretotheagreementbetweenyouandtheInstructor,asestablishedatyour consultationwithhim.Changesarepermissible,butonlyaftertheInstructorhasagreedtothem. 2. Useasinglefont(e.g.,TimesRoman),andonefontsize(12ispreferred)throughoutyourpaper. 3. Donotuserightjustification. 4. Focusontheissuesathand,andavoidextraneousinformationthatmeaybedeemedirrelevant orsimplytoobasic. 5. Remember:thisisareliabilityproject.Almostallofyourspacemustbedevotedtoreliability,not toyourspecialty. 6. TheProblemStatementmustdefinetheproblemclearly.Answerthequestion:Whatproblemare youtryingtosolvebythispaper? 7. TheObjectivesmustlistthegoalstobepursuedclearly.Answerthequestion:Whatsolutionsare youtryingtoformulatebythispaper? 8. TheMethodologymustenumeratesuccinctlythestepsyouplantotakeinordertomeetthe objectives.Answerthequestion:Whatarethetasksthatyouintendtocomplete,andhowwillyou proceedtoperformthesetasks? 9. Thetimeschedulecanbebrokendownbyday(finest),orbyweek(coarsest),orsomewherein between. 10. Avoidusingbold,italicsorunderlininginthemaintextofthepaper. 11. YouMUSTadheretotheASCEformat,especiallywithregardtoreferencesandcitations.A completecitationconsistsofthefollowingelements:Author(s),Year,Title,Volume,Issue,Publisher, City,State,Country(ifnotUSA),pagenos.Avoidabbreviationsincitations. 12. ProvidefullcitationsfortheJournalsyouintendtoresearch. 13. Submityourproposalinathreeringbinderwithatransparentcoverforyourcoverpage. Include:Coursenumberandname,Quarter,Instructor,Projecttitleandtype,Submissiontype,Your name,Dateofsubmission,Wordcount. 14. AlsoconsultInstructionsforFirstDraftsandFinalDrafts,whereverapplicable.

Spring2012:AMI EB1 CVE710 RISKANDRELIABILITY PROJECT:INSTRUCTIONSFORFIRSTDRAFTS 1. YouMUSTadheretotheASCEformat.Pleaseincludeacopyoftheinstructionsyouhave followedinyourAppendix.Ifyoureallypreferanotherformat,youMUSTdiscussthiswiththe Instructorfirst. 2. Payparticularattentiontohowyoucitereferences.YouMUSTprovidepublisher,city,state(or country,ifnotUSA),andpagenumbersforeachreference.Thelistattheendofyourpapermustcontain ALLreferencescited.ALLreferencesinthelistmustbecitedatleastonceinyourtext.Itisanticipated thatyourreferencelistwillcontainatleast10citations. 3. Ifyouquotemorethan5wordsinarowfromanygivenpublication,youMUSTincludethe quotebetweenquotationmarks,andcitethereference.Otherwise,youmightbedeemedascommitting PLAGIARISM,oneoftheworstacademicoffenses.Pleaseappendcopiesofthethreepapersfromwhich youobtainedmostofyourinformation. 4. DefineALLsymbolsandabbreviationswhentheyarefirstusedinyourtext.Compilealistof symbolsandabbreviations,pertheASCEformat. 5. YouwillfinditmoreconvenienttoprovideallTablesandFiguresattheENDofyourpaper, BEFOREtheappendix,ratherthanembeddingtheminthetext. 6. Watchyouspacings,bothbetweenlinesandalongaline.Extraspacesmustbedeleted.Leave TWOspacesafteraperiod,andONLYONEafteracommaorbetweenwords. 7. RUNSPELLCHECK!PROOFREADyourpaperbeforesubmittingit!Considerproofreadingeach otherspapers. 8. ProvidetheWORDCOUNTforyourpaperonthefrontpage.ASCEallowsamaximumof3,500 wordequivalents.Isuggestyourpapershouldnotbeshorterthan75%ofthemaximum, andmorethanhalfofitshouldberegulartext. 9. Submityourfinaldraftbythedeadlinestated,alongwithyourgradedproposalsanddrafts. 10. Useasinglefont(e.g.,TimesRoman),andonefontsize(12ispreferred)throughoutyourpaper. 11. ChecktheASCEformatforthepreferredlinespacing,thestyleforTablesandFigures,etc. 12. Avoidfamiliarlanguage,especiallywhenreferringtoyourexperience/knowledgefromour Class. 13. TheInstructorwillbehappytorespondtospecificquestionsthatarise,individuallyorduring Class.

Spring2012:AMI EB1

CEE710 RISKANDRELIABILITY INSTRUCTIONSFORFINALDRAFTS 1. FixweaknessesinyourdraftidentifiedbyInstructor. 2. Payparticularattentionto:ProblemStatement,ObjectivesandMethodology,esp.ifthesehave beentagged. 3. FixyourreferencesperASCEformat,plustherequireddetails(seeRubric). 4. Prepareyourfinaldraft,emphasizing,sharpening,andstrengtheningtheDiscussionsectionso thatyourownCVE710workbecomesapparent. 5. Youwillbegradedforthechanges,additions,deletions,substitutions,improvements,etc.you havemadetoyourdraftinproducingthefinalsubmission. USEA....AFORCITATIONS!!!ABSOLUTELYNOPLAGIARISM!!! PROVIDEALOTMOREOFYOUROWNDISCUSSIONOFINFORMATIONPRESENTED!!! FillingapsinDraftSubmission. Provideasynthesis,notanenumeration,ofpapersreviewed. Avoidtellingeverythingyouknow. Avoidtellingtheobvious;youmayassumesomeknowledgeonthepartofthereader. Clarifywhatisyoursandwhatisextractedfromtheliterature. Watchyourtenses:present,past,pastperfect.Usethepresenttenseinthemainbodyofthetext,if possible. Avoidfirstperson. UsetheEquationEditor. Donotuse:*,^,and(apostrophe).UseH,superscript,andN(prime). Donotusejustification. USETHEASCEFORMAT! SpecifywhichJournalyouarewritingfor. Punchtocenterin3ringbinder. Yourfinalsubmissionswillnotbereturned.Retainallprevioussubmissioninyour3ringbinder.

Units and Dimensions

QUANTITY Length Force Time Mass Pressure Density Unit weight Temperature Work Power Kin. Viscosity DIMENSION [L] [F] [T] [M] or [FT2L-1] [FL ] [ML-3] [FL-3] []
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UNIT (mks or S.I.) meter, m newton, N second, s kilogram, kg pascal, Pa or N/m kg/m3 N/m3
o 2

UNIT (cgs) centimeter, cm dyne, dyne second, s gram, g gf/cm g/cc gf/cc
o 2

UNIT (fps or American) foot, ft pound, lb second, s slug, slug psi or psf lbm/ft3 pcf
o

Areal stiffness [FL ] [FL] [FLT ]

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MPa/mm joule, J (=1 N-m) watt, W (=1 J/s) N-s/m m2/s

2

kgf/cc erg (=1 dyne-cm) erg/s poise (=1 g/cm-s) stoke (=1 cm2/s)

psi/in. ft-lb ft-lb/s (=1/550 hp) lb-s/ft2 ft2 /s

Abs. Viscosity [FTL ] [L2T-1]

USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS 1 in. = 25.4 mm 1 kgf = 2.2046 lb 1 lb = 4.4482 N 1 lb = 453.618 gf 1 MPa = 145.04 psi = 1 N/mm2 1 gf/cc = 62.428 pcf = 9.81 kN/m3 1 gf/cc = 1000 kgf/m3 1 kgf = 9.81 N 1 mil = 0.001 in. = 25.4 m 1 psi = 6.895 kPa
o

1 pcf = 157.1 N/m3 1 pcf = 16.02 kgf/m3 1 pcf = 0.016 gf/cc 1 lb/yd3=0.5938kgf/m3 1 slugf = 32.2 lb 1 kN/m3 = 6.36 pcf 1 gallon = 3.785 liters

F = oC * (9/5) + 32
o o

1 C = 1.8 F 1 slug = 1 lb-sec2/ft 1 MPa/mm = 3684 psi/in. 1 N = 0.2248 lb USEFUL CONSTANTS

1 slug = 14.594 kg 1 lb = 1 slug-ft/sec2 1 g=1 dyn-sec2/cm 1 dyn = 0.00001 N 1 tsf = 13.89 psi 1 tsf = 95.76 kPa

TYPICAL PROPERTIES AND VALUES Thickness, h Applied pressure, p Modulus of elasticity, E Applied load, P Deflection, Subgrade modulus, k METRIC PREFIXES tera, T = 10+12 giga, G = 10+9 mega, M = 10+6 kilo, k = 10+3 hecto, h = 10+2 deca, da = 10 deci, d = 10-1 centi, c = 10-2 10 in. = 254 mm = 0.254 m 100 psi = 689.5 kPa 4 Mpsi = 27.6 GPa 10000 lb = 44.5 kN 10 mils = 0.010 in. = 254 m 200 psi/in. = 0.0543 MPa/mm

Unit weight of water, w =1 gf/cc=62.4 pcf=9.81 kN/m3 =980 dynes/cc Density of water, w = 1000 kg/m3 Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.81 m/s2 = 32.2 ft/s2 Atmosph. pressure, pa =1.058 tsf=101.3 kPa =14.65psi

milli, m = 10-3 micro, = 10-6 nano, n = 10-9 pico, p = 10-12

femto = 10-15 atto = 10-18

CEE 710 RISK AND RELIABILITY SUGGESTIONS FOR HIGH-QUALITY SUBMISSIONS Avoid abbreviations (it is not its) and typographical symbols (and not &) Be careful when using however: Avoid it altogether, otherwise enclose it in commas (...., however, ...). Do not start a sentence with However, And, Where, Whereas, or other conjunctions Write in complete sentences Avoid long sentences Watch for mixed numbers and mixed tenses Do not write the way we speak In studying Figures, look for the Big Picture, not just the x and y. Distinguish between cement and concrete. Just asphalt means asphalt cement not asphalt concrete Do not use asphalt cement mix Use pavement for the whole system of constructed layers, supporting soil, and loads: consider using layer, asphalt concrete or mix first. Distinguish between equal and equivalent; affect and effect; its and its; e.g. and i.e.; principle and principal; coarse and course Distinguish between determine and quantify, assess, evaluate The singular is phenomenon, the plural is phenomena The singular is parenthesis, the plural is parentheses Always enclose between commas: ..., i.e., ..., e.g., ..., therefore, ...., however, ... The symbol for degrees Fahrenheit is oF or deg-F Do not start a sentence with an abbreviation: Fig. 2 shows that... Make sure you understand your answers: if unsure, ask questions WRITE A DRAFT, PROOF-READ AND RE-WRITE! USE THE SPELL CHECKER! GIVE YOUR SOURCES! USE YOUR OWN WORDS! TDefine all symbols used, especially if they are not standard ones! TMake sure you give the units after every number (if applicable)! TDo not let the computer draw your lines or curves! TUse pencil and flexicurve (or straight edge) for lines or curves! TUse graph paper (not engineering paper) for plots! TUse a straight edge when highlighting or underlining! TAvoid just telling all you know! TUse and cite additional references, not just the textbook! TRespect the four margins! TWrite or type on one side of the paper only! TAlways include some verbal comments to guide reader through your solution!

Code of Ethics for Engineers

Preamble
Engineering is an important and learned profession. As members of this profession, engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity. Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people. Accordingly, the services provided by engineers require honesty, impartiality, fairness, and equity, and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare. Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conduct. pertaining to the same project, unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested parties. c. Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration, directly or indirectly, from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsible. d. Engineers in public service as members, advisors, or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practice. e. Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member. 5. Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts. a. Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications. They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments. Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers, employees, associates, joint venturers, or past accomplishments. b. Engineers shall not offer, give, solicit, or receive, either directly or indirectly, any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority, or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect or intent of influencing the awarding of a contract. They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work. They shall not pay a commission, percentage, or brokerage fee in order to secure work, except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them.

I. Fundamental Canons
Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall: 1. Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. 2. Perform services only in areas of their competence. 3. Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner. 4. Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees. 5. Avoid deceptive acts. 6. Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession.

II. Rules of Practice

1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. a. If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property, they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriate. b. Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standards. c. Engineers shall not reveal facts, data, or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Code. d. Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe is engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprise. e. Engineers shall not aid or abet the unlawful practice of engineering by a person or firm. f. Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and, when relevant, also to public authorities, and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required. 2. Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competence. a. Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involved. b. Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence, nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and control. c. Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project, provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment. 3. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner. a. Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements, or testimony. They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports, statements, or testimony, which should bear the date indicating when it was current. b. Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matter. c. Engineers shall issue no statements, criticisms, or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties, unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking, and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters. 4. Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees. a. Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their services. b. Engineers shall not accept compensation, financial or otherwise, from more than one party for services on the same project, or for services

III. Professional Obligations

1. Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integrity. a. Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the facts. b. Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successful. c. Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest. Before accepting any outside engineering employment, they will notify their employers. d. Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretenses. e. Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession. 2. Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interest. a. Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs; career guidance for youths; and work for the advancement of the safety, health, and well-being of their community. b. Engineers shall not complete, sign, or seal plans and/or specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards. If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct, they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the project. c. Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements. 3. Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the public. a. Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material fact. b. Consistent with the foregoing, engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnel. c. Consistent with the foregoing, engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press, but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others. 4. Engineers shall not disclose, without consent, confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer, or public body on which they serve. a. Engineers shall not, without the consent of all interested parties, promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledge.

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b. Engineers shall not, without the consent of all interested parties, participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer. Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interests. a. Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations, including free engineering designs, from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their product. b. Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances, directly or indirectly, from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the engineer in connection with work for which the engineer is responsible. Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers, or by other improper or questionable methods. a. Engineers shall not request, propose, or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromised. b. Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerations. c. Engineers shall not, without consent, use equipment, supplies, laboratory, or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice. Engineers shall not attempt to injure, maliciously or falsely, directly or indirectly, the professional reputation, prospects, practice, or employment of other engineers. Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for action. a. Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client, except with the knowledge of such engineer, or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminated. b. Engineers in governmental, industrial, or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment duties. c. Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers. Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities, provided, however, that engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence, where the engineers interests cannot otherwise be protected. a. Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineering. b. Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer, a corporation, or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts. Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due, and will recognize the proprietary interests of others. a. Engineers shall, whenever possible, name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs, inventions, writings, or other accomplishments.

b. Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the engineer for others without express permission. c. Engineers, before undertaking work for others in connection with which the engineer may make improvements, plans, designs, inventions, or other records that may justify copyrights or patents, should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownership. d. Engineers designs, data, records, and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property. The employer should indemnify the engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose. e. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers and should keep current in their specialty fields by engaging in professional practice, participating in continuing education courses, reading in the technical literature, and attending professional meetings and seminars.

As Revised January 2003 By order of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, former Section 11(c) of the NSPE Code of Ethics prohibiting competitive bidding, and all policy statements, opinions, rulings or other guidelines interpreting its scope, have been rescinded as unlawfully interfering with the legal right of engineers, protected under the antitrust laws, to provide price information to prospective clients; accordingly, nothing contained in the NSPE Code of Ethics, policy statements, opinions, rulings or other guidelines prohibits the submission of price quotations or competitive bids for engineering services at any time or in any amount.

Statement by NSPE Executive Committee

In order to correct misunderstandings which have been indicated in some instances since the issuance of the Supreme Court decision and the entry of the Final Judgment, it is noted that in its decision of April 25, 1978, the Supreme Court of the United States declared: The Sherman Act does not require competitive bidding. It is further noted that as made clear in the Supreme Court decision: 1. Engineers and firms may individually refuse to bid for engineering services. 2. Clients are not required to seek bids for engineering services. 3. Federal, state, and local laws governing procedures to procure engineering services are not affected, and remain in full force and effect. 4. State societies and local chapters are free to actively and aggressively seek legislation for professional selection and negotiation procedures by public agencies. 5. State registration board rules of professional conduct, including rules prohibiting competitive bidding for engineering services, are not affected and remain in full force and effect. State registration boards with authority to adopt rules of professional conduct may adopt rules governing procedures to obtain engineering services. 6. As noted by the Supreme Court, nothing in the judgment prevents NSPE and its members from attempting to influence governmental action . . .

Note: In regard to the question of application of the Code to corporations vis-a-vis real persons, business form or type should not negate nor influence conformance of individuals to the Code. The Code deals with professional services, which services must be performed by real persons. Real persons in turn establish and implement policies within business structures. The Code is clearly written to apply to the Engineer, and it is incumbent on members of NSPE to endeavor to live up to its provisions. This applies to all pertinent sections of the Code.

1420 King Street Alexandria, Virginia 22314-2794 703/684-2800 Fax:703/836-4875 www.nspe.org Publication date as revised: January 2003 Publication #1102

Sheet Music

Listen to MIDI

You Are My Sunshine

Words and Music by Jimmy Davis and Charles Mitchell The other night, dear As I lay sleeping I dreamed I held you in my arms. When I awoke, dear I was mistaken And I hung my head and cried; CHORUS: You are my sunshine My only sunshine You make me happy When skies are grey You'll never know dear How much I love you Please don't take my sunshine away. I'll always love you And make you happy If you will only say the same But if you leave me To love another You'll regret it all some day; CHORUS You told me once, dear You really loved me And no one else could come between But now you've left me And love another You have shattered all my dreams; CHORUS

I encourage you to form study groups to discuss the text and lecture material. But, each assignment you turn in must represent your own work. While you are encouraged to consult with your colleagues on common problems, you are not free to incorporate someone elses work into your assignment, in whole or in part, without permission and public acknowledgment. This includes copying, but not citing, material from journals, magazines, books, diskettes, interviews and Internet sites. Copying part of another persons work and submitting it as your own work constitutes plagiarism and will receive a grade of zero with no resubmissions allowed. Please note that all papers and presentation materials are checked for plagiarism against web sites, previous CST-program papers, and other resources. Most of the plagiarism problems encountered in this class can be simply taken care of if you keep a few things in mind. Don't copy material directly from texts, journals, or the Internet to use as answers to questions. Instead, read the material, then synthesize and summarize it in your own words. If you don't understand the material, see me and we'll work on it together. Use quoted material only when it adds something useful to the discussion. Don't use quoted material to simply take up space. Learn how to cite the material you do use from other sources. Finally, give yourself time to get the assignment done. Much plagiarism is the result of panic over missing a due date. I'll be happy to help you with any concerns you have about plagiarism.

http://www.rwc.uc.edu/waldrop/CompOrg/syllabus.htm

History Department Plagiarism Policy Academic misconduct will be punished according to the guidelines in the Student Code of Conduct. The Department of History rule is that a student who is discovered plagiarizing on any assignment will automatically receive a grade of zero for that assignment and the assignment cannot be redone to obtain a different grade on the plagiarized assignment. A second incidence of plagiarism will result in automatic failure of the course. For further details on the issue of academic misconduct, including plagiarism, see the Department website http://www.artsci.uc.edu/history/undergrad.shtml The Student Code of Conduct available on the UC website http://www.uc.edu/studentlife/conduct http://www.artsci.uc.edu/history/pdfs/courses2009-10.pdf

Plagiarism - Its Nature and Consequences Introduction: Our Ideas Emerge Against the Backdrop of Previous Formulations Rarely, if ever, do we develop ideas in our individual minds, free of the effects and influences of others previous findings, claims, and analyses. This is not to suggest that writers never forge new ideas; rather, the majority of ones thoughtsand certainly the intellectual thinking that we do in university settingsis prompted, shaped, and changed in response to and in light of what has already been stated by others. Our ideas emerge in response to reading others texts, in sites of conversation and verbal exchange, with and against the grain of the words and formulations of others. It is appropriate to think of the university as a vast society of influences, composed of various formal sites of critical discussion, reporting, and debate, both verbal and written. University personsboth scholars and studentsgain status and authority by dint of their intellectual involvement in written and verbal exchange (detailing their findings, casting written arguments, offering careful analyses of their objects of study). Since the university values the public thinking of its faculty and students, it requires that its members formally recognize who has made which sorts of statements in what settings. Scrupulously citing the origin of quotations, summaries, and other borrowed material included in your paper enables the social value of respect to exist within intellectual circles of research and scholarship around the globe. Not to formally recognize the work and influences of others in your writing is to plagiarize, violating an ethic of mutual regard. The Academic Communitys Guidelines: The Practice of Documentation It has become commonplace to envision the verbal and written exchanges between speakers and listeners, readers and writers, researchers and their sources, as interactions constituting communities of discourse. Discourse communities share interpretive, analytic, and argumentative conventions. Academic discourse communities (often shaped as "disciplines" or "fields of inquiry") agree to refer scrupulously to one anothers writings and research findings by explicitly linking quoted materials to the name of the person or persons who uttered or wrote them, and by carefully describing the influence others have had upon them. In fact, a mark of strong academic writing is the practice of situating ones claims and findings within a tradition of inquiry into the subject, detailing the nature of the exchanges that have preceded the present foray into the ongoing conversation, at times indicating ones affinities or disagreement with one or another avenue of thought. Ethos and authority are enhanced when writers demonstrate their uses of others statements, texts, and representations, and when they appropriately identify these sources in their arguments and analyses. This practice is called documentation. Guidelines for how to correctly cite materials used within your writing, and rules for assembling the list of works that you cite in your paper are compiled by academic organizations which produce style manuals. Information from these style manuals can be accessed in the Citing Sources section of the Library web page. Plagiarism Defined Academic communities, then, demand that writers credit others for their work, and that the source of their material clearly be acknowledged. Not to do so is to plagiarize, to intentionally or unintentionally appropriate the ideas, language, key terms, or findings of another without sufficient acknowledgment that such material is not ones own. As the Modern Language Association defines this transgression: Scholarly authors generously acknowledge their debts to predecessors by carefully giving credit to each source. Whenever you draw on anothers work, you must specify what you borrowed whether facts, opinions, or quotations and where you borrowed it from. Using another persons ideas or expressions in your writing without acknowledging the source constitutes plagiarism. Derived from the Latin plagiarius ("kidnapper"), plagiarism refers to a form of intellectual theft. . .In short, to plagiarize is to give the impression that you wrote or thought something that you in fact borrowed from someone, and to do so is a

violation of professional ethics. (Joseph Gibaldi, MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. 2nd. ed, New York: MLA, 1998: 151). Plagiarism encompasses a range of errors and violations. Though the charge of plagiarism can be leveled against writers who incorrectly or neglect to cite borrowed materials, it most often tempts students who find themselves in the dire straits of having to complete a written assignment without previously having undertaken the laborious and time-consuming process of research, reading, note-taking, interpretation, and analysis. Wholesale copying from sources is an easy way to fill up the page and to turn something anythingin on time. In all cases, it is far better to contact ones instructor and honestly to discuss with him or her a strategy for completing an assignment rather than to risk humiliation and judicial redress. Instructors will, within reason and to the best of their abilities, help you to get your papers started and help you to make progress with your work. You will do yourself and your instructors justice if you openly and squarely discuss the circumstances of your progress or lack thereof. On occasion, students accused of plagiarism have claimed that their plagiarism has occurred without their knowledge or intent. Since ignorance of convention is not a reasonable defense, it is best to become thoroughly acquainted both with the various ways in which plagiarism is construed, and with the conventions of source attribution and proper documentation. Some students seem to believe that there are different degrees of plagiarism, some not as a bad as others. No distinctions are made between any of the following acts. All constitute instances of plagiarism as outlined in Duke University's Bulletin of Information & Regulations, and all constitute transgression of the University's Community Standard. You will be charged with plagiarism if you: Copy from published sources without adequate documentation. Purchase a pre-written paper (either by mail or electronically). Let someone else write a paper for you. Pay someone else to write a paper for you. Submit as your own someone elses unpublished work, either with or without permission.

If the final work you submitall of itis not yours, it does not matter how you came by it. If you use another persons work to further your own understanding of a subject, you must credit the source. If a situation arises in your own work not covered below, you should ask your instructor for help before turning in your work, or visit The Writing Studio, Dukes tutorial facility for undergraduate writers, where a consultant will, free of charge, advise you about best practices. Consequences to Plagiarizing at Duke As a violation of the Honor Code, charges of plagiarism are brought to the attention of Judicial Affairs, which initiates an investigation that may lead to formal charges made at an Undergraduate Judicial Board hearing. The process for the investigation and the adjudication of charges may be accessed at the Office of Judicial Affairs Online Guide to The Disciplinary Process at Duke. Plagiarism is a serious offense that can result in a variety of sanctions (failure of the course in which the plagiarism occurred and suspension from the University among them). The Duke University Honor Council devotes itself to educating the University community about the importance of maintaining an ethic of academic integrity. Their online materials provide useful information regarding special events, workshops, and ongoing discussions about ethical intellectual conduct at Duke. You can also visit the Library's web tutorial on Citing Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism. This essay was written by Van E. Hillard; it has been edited to add links to new resources.

Citing Sources Whenever you quote, paraphrase, summarize, or otherwise refer to the work of another, you are required to cite its source, either by way of parenthetical citation or by means of a footnote, as well as a complete reference in a bibliography. Avoiding Plagiarism Plagiarism occurs when a student, with intent to deceive or with reckless disregard for proper scholarly procedures, presents any information, ideas or phrasing of another as if they were his/her own and/or does not give appropriate credit to the original source. Proper scholarly procedures require that all quoted material be identified by quotation marks or indentation on the page, and the source of information and ideas, if from another, must be identified and be attributed to that source. Students are responsible for learning proper scholarly procedures (from Duke University's Bulletin of Information & Regulations). Plagiarism charges can be brought against you for the following offenses: Copying, quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing from any source without adequate documentation Purchasing a pre-written paper (either by mail or electronically) Letting someone else write a paper for you Paying someone else to write a paper for you Submitting as your own someone else's unpublished work, either with or without permission

Warning Signs & Prevention To avoid plagiarism, it helps to understand the warning signs. The scenarios in this section illustrate some of the common situations that can lead to trouble. Stress and poor time management can result in sloppy work and perhaps even trigger a last-minute decision to cheat. A lack of information about the best way to cite sources is another source of confusion. For international students, sometimes plagiarism is the result of confusion about American conventions for documenting sources. Patchworking, or simply rearranging what someone else has written, is a form of plagiarism that might be tempting for students who are having difficulty understanding the material. So, what do you do when you find yourself in an emergency situation with your academic work? In the following examples we relate the experiences of students and outline the choices before them. We also offer information about the organizations and people on campus who can provide support. Confused Don't know whether to quote or cite?

Stressed The pressure to get an A is more than you can take

Swamped You're overwhelmed and running out of time

Frustrated and embarrassed You're trying to use difficult material

http://library.duke.edu/research/citing/