THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ================================================ Subject : Digital Communication Course Code : ECE3333 Time Allowed: 90 Minutes

Max Marks: 50 Examination: Mid Term Fall 2011 Date : 23/11/2011 ================================================ Note: (i) Please answer to the point and only that what is asked for. Unnecessary details would be penalized (ii) Approximate length of answers to theoretical questions should be limited to a maximum of 100 words. (iii) Use appropriate mathematical expressions and figures to illustrate your answers. (iv) Attempt all parts of a question in a sequence and altogether. (v) No credit would be given if wrong input values/methods are taken in any question. (vi) Exchange of Calculator or other student stuff is not allowed. ================================================

Question No. 1
Answer the following short questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1.

(10 Marks)

What mathematical dilemma is the cause for there being several different definitions of bandwidth? Differentiate between formatting and source coding. Differentiate between Aliasing and Intersymbol Interference. Differentiate between PCM and M-ary Pulse-Modulation. Define Engineers version of Nyquist sampling rate. (3+3+2+2 Marks)

Question No. 2

Draw a block diagram of a digital communication system embodying essential and optional blocks (which you think should be there) in proper order. 2. Derive the equation of PCM wordsize (make suitable assumptions.). 3. Why precoding is preferred before Duobinary coding? 4. Why is it often preferred to use units of Normalized Bandwidth, compared with bandwidth alone? Question No. 3 (5+5 Marks) 1. Determine the energy spectral density of a square pulse x(t), equals 1 for T/2t T/2 and 0 elsewhere. Calculate the normalized energy Ex in the pulse. 2. Demonstrate Duobinary coding and decoding for the following sequence {xk}=0010110, using the differential precoding. Consider the first bit of the sequence to be a startup digit. Question No. 4 (2+3+3+2 Marks) The information in an analog waveform with fMax= 4KHz, is to be transmitted over a 16-ary PAM system, the quantization distortion must not exceed 2% of the peak-to-peak analog signal. (a) What is the minimum number of bits per PCM word that should be used in this PAM transmission system? (b) What is the minimum required sampling rate and the resulting bit rate? (c) What is the 16-ary PAM symbol transmission rate? (d) If the transmission bandwidth (including filtering) equals 16KHz, determine the bandwidth efficiency for this system. Question No. 5 (4+3+3 Marks) In a specific compact disk (CD) digital audio system, an analog signal is digitized so that the ratio of the peak-signal power to the average quantization noise power is at least 96 dB. The sampling rate is 44.1 kilosamples/sec. (a) How many quantization levels of the analog signal are needed for (SNR)q = 96 dB? (b) How many bits per sample are needed for the number of levels found in part (a)? (c) What is the data rate in bits/sec?