CARDIOLOGY MCQS

HF ADD TO INVEST. urine analysis Na+.& s. Na due to water retention. DIGITALIS TOXICITY DIGITALIS DIGITALIS TOXICITY
add: hallucinations & acute confusional state. sagging(saucering)of S-T segment BIGEMINI(1:1)

HTN causes sclerosis in Kidney / Valves / vs.

1ST LINE OF TTT IN HTN (V. IMP.) search for the secondary cause & TTT. HTN the M/C cause of stroke in EGYPT.(v.imp neuro MCQrepeated) ACE used in unilateral RASnever the bilateral DIRUETICS combined with most anti-hpertensives.

BBS ARE # IN:

1) Bronchial asthma. 2) Sexual dysfunction. 3) PVD can use carvedilol use CCBs as an alternative in 1,2 & 3) 4) DM use ACEI 5) in elderly. 6) Pregnancy.

METHYL DOPA best in pregnancy. (repeated MCQ & last year grand finale)

WHAT'S THE CEREBRAL AUTO-REGULATION??

BP the endothelium of intracranial vss release NO VD BP.
But in case of BP damage of the endothelium no release of NO.

DD OF HTN ENCEPHALOPATHY??? (V. IMP.)

of DELIRIUM. 2ry causes of HTN.

ISHD:
ACETYL-CHOLINE VC in case of atheroma. (MCQ) ATHEROMA >70% the blood flow during ex. TEITZ $ CK-MB LDH
TROPONINS MYOGLOBINS

costochondritis & tender chest wall(DD of chest pain)(MCQ) >6 TIMES IN MI the last to fall back to normal
the most specific earliest to rise. DOUBLE APEX

*VENTRICULAR ANEURYSM

ARRYTHMIA:
AVN IS SUPPLIED BY
ANNULUS FIBROSUS

right coronary has the same role AVN physiological delay after the carotid sinus massage rate to the 1/2..e.g:15075. right atrial macro-entry. (MCQ)
palpitation for years constant P-P but variable P-R

ATRIAL FLUTTER A. FLUTTER??

WPW COMPLETE HB

TTT OF ARRHYTHMIA & EPILEPSY MONOTHERAPY IS BETTER THAN COMBINATION

THERAPYwhy??? coz anti-arrhythmic drugs are arrhythmogenic themselves

VERAPAMIL constipation

AMIODARONE:
add to uses WPW can potentiate effect of WARFARIN??? causes of photosensitivity.

ADENOSINE: 1st line of TTT in SVTBUT DOESN"T PREVENT IT(MCQ)

VENTRICULAR INHIBITED PACEMAKER (LANGE)

Functions only when ventricular rate falls below normalQRS can be detected

REMEMBER:

Q-T interval recurrent episodes of V. Tach.

DC shock is of choice in TTT of V-Tach with HF

IEC:

INDICATIONS OF SURGERY???(MCQ) INFECTED PROSTHETIC VALVE ALLERGY to drugs LEGIONELLA CLAMYDIA - COXIELLA.are diagnosed by serology & special culture media & PCR ACQUIRED VSD

PERICARDIAL EFFUSION ECG changes are found in all leads(in contrast to MI)

PULMONARY EMBOLISM:
INVESTIGATIONS M/C finding in ECG sinus tachycardia(MCQ)
INVERTED T in ant leads

SI QIII TIII(LATE & RARE)(S1,Q3,T3) CT WITH CONTRAST nephropathy. NO HEMOPTYSIS OR PLEURITIC CHEST PAIN IN MASSIVE PULMONARY EMBOLISM (in contrast to pulmonary infarction)

# TO THE THROMBOLYTICS OR ANTICOAGULANTS WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES IN.?

MI PTCA Pulmonary infarction filter inserted in IVC above the renal veins

DISSECTING AORTIC ANEURYSM:

ETIOLOGY: 1) Coarcutation. (hypertension) 2) pregnancy 3) calcific AS 4) syphilitic aortitis
ADD TO C/P acute paraplegia-pleural effusion ADD TO DD perforated PU INVESTIGATION OF CHOICE CT(MCQ)

ADD TO TTT 1st line (according to the presentation) + analgesics

TRICUSPID ATRESIA???
Small RV. Peripheral cyanosis since birth. (MCQ) Pulmonary cyanosis Shunts.

IN PREGNANCY (P.108)

COP by 30-50%(MCQ)
TTT of HTN -methyl-dopa.

REMEMBER (MCQ) : IN CARCINOID

ENDOTHELIAL PLAQUES ON VALVES.

HYPERLIPIDEMIA:
CHYLOMICRONS apo B48-A1-A2-C-E VLDL apo B100 LDL apo B100 HDL is the source of apo C2-E

TYPE II Xanthomas on extensors-hyper B-lipoproteinemia ADD TO CAUSES OF 2RY HYPERLIPIDEMIA HRT & OCPincreasing TAG & HDL

HYPO-LIPIDIMIC DRUGS??

LDL & CHOLESTEROL statines resins. TAG fibrates niacin - omega 3 ezetamides.
IF BOTH ARE HIGH COMBINE BUTavoid combining statines & fibrates RHABDOMYOLYSIS

CAUSES of RAYNAUD'S??(MCQ)
1) BBS 2) 4)
CRYOGLOBULINEMIA

3) SCLERODERMA
VIBRATION TRAUMA????

SHOCK

WEDGE PRESSURE= VENOUS RETURN

ADRENALINE in
1) BRONCHIAL ASTHMA 2) CARDIAC ARREST 3) ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

SC IV or intracardiac IM

ADD TO EMERGENCIES P.134:

1) Dissecting aortic aneurysm. 2) unstable angina. 3) MI.