Professional Documents
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User Requirements
Low operating and support costs Controllability Advanced materials Minimum signature High energy Insensitivity Aviation Minimal toxicity Long life High reliability
Propulsion Cycles
Boost/sustain solid Single pulse solid Air turborocket Air-aug rocket Ducted rocket Hybrid rocket Liquid ramjet Liquid rocket Solid ramjet Propulsion characteristics Missile requirements
Pintle solid
Pulse solid
Gel rocket
Turbojet
High energy Low cost Min signature High impulse / weight High volumetric loading Long service life Insensitive Controllable Long range High Vbo Endgame capability Highly maneuverable Best suited Partially suited Ill-suited
Pulsejet
Terminal Boost
LOB L
LOA L
Short Range
Long Range
Approach
Gels
Turbojets
Variable-area Nozzles
20:1 turn down Up to 12 diameter Axial and off-axis actuation CFD modeling of pintle shapes Evaluation of pintle materials
0.8 0.7
200 0
10
15
20
25
Time (sec)
0.6
Thrust (lbf)
Controllable, variable thrust propulsion Tactical boost/sustain/coast profile with high thrust turndown ratio Ability of pintle to control pressure and thrust within 2% of desired value Motor response times acceptable for tactical applications AMCOM-developed AN minimum smoke propellant
Pintle Propellant Burn Rate
1
1500 Pressure,psi
1000
500
0 0 5 10 Time, sec 15 20
n=0.75
0.1
1000
Pressure, psi
Self-healing
Properties
1000
500
0 0 5 10 15
Time, seconds
Pintle Position
Pressure, psi
are survivable
Have plumes with minimum signature exhaust Meet Insensitive Munitions requirements Have gel propellants that:
Are immobilized at ambient conditions Have greatly reduced vapor pressure
Retains short time-of-flight for close-in targets On-demand, unlimited duty cycle, multi-pulse motor for velocity control Central conduit for missile fore-aft cabling and wave guide Can easily be sized for other missile systems (Common Missile, Modernized Hellfire, etc.)
Fore-aft conduit
Bipropellant engine
PRESSURE TAPS
COMB. CHAMBER
INJECTOR PAIR
NOZZLE
Benefits: Simple design allows for low cost hardware. For length constrained systems, small L/D for the combustion chamber means more engine length for flow expansion. Stream impingement enhances atomization of gel propellant.
Utilizes a compressor and turbine, similar to a turbojet or turbofan Also utilizes a secondary combustor much like a ramjet or ducted rocket The turbine and compressor are linked by a mechanical drive shaft
turbine power from the gas generator fuel effluent drives the compressor
Independent Drive for Turbine Gives Higher Speed and Altitude Capability Static Thrust Allows Low Speed Takeoff Deep Throttleability Allows Loiter Capability Combined With High Speed Intercept Fits Directly Between Turbojets And Rockets Without Extreme Technology Challenges
Maximum speed superior to either a turbojet or turbofan Compressor inlet temperature is the limiting component parameter in an ATR
The compressor inlet temperature determines the maximum flight speed for any given altitude No rotating hardware in the hot section
Thrust
40 - 70 lb 105 lb 50 lb 50 lb 50 lb 57 lb 80 lb 52 lb 120 lb 30 lb
Program
US Army MICOM MIG-29 Target
Flight Test
4
US Army MICOM FOG-M Risk Reduction DARPA SENGAP Four Inch Engine DARPA/Northrop MALD POC Teledyne Ryan MALD POC DARPA/Ryan MALD ACTD DARPA Advanced Material Partnership US Army AMCOM PKAT Missile DARPA/Ryan MALI ATD DARPA NetFires 4 4 4 4 4
Target goals
Turbofans
400
WI WR24-8
TREND
200 0 10
NPT 171
100
1000
Thrust Fn (lbf)
Availability of these technologies has given great improvement in the major vehicle parameter THRUST PER UNIT FRONTAL AREA
Technology Path
1400
1200
Future
1000
800
Current
600 400 200
Old Technology
0 10 100 1000
Thrust Fn (lbf)
Summary
Gels
Turbojets
End products