Hiberno-English

or Irish-English The English Spoken in Ireland

21/3/2012

 History Inuences Phonology Lexicon Morphology Syntax

Phonology: sounds Lexicon: words Morphology: forms of words Syntax: construcHons

 The English language as it is spoken in the island of Ireland. It is not one dialect itself but a collecHon of dialects in the same way that English in Great Britain is a collecHon of dialects. But some features can be found across a lot of dialects of Hiberno-English.

 The English language as it is spoken in the island of Ireland. The language has developed dierently to other Englishes in the world just as they have developed dierently

 It is not one dialect itself but a collecHon of dialects in the same way that English in Great Britain is a collecHon of dialects. People in Ireland do not all speak the same Geographic distribuHon is only one factor All language can be viewed in terms of variables

 Variables are: Class, EducaHon, Gender, Age, Ethnicity

 But some features can be found across a lot of dialects of Irish English.
You may have noHced that certain syntacHc structures such as the habitual present:
He does be drinking there every day are found everywhere

Or the use of Himself in subject posiHon:

Himself is here today

 History Inuences Phonology Lexicon Morphology Syntax

History
1169: Anglo-Norman invasion 1171: Henry II of England declared himself Lord of Ireland 1204: king John lost Normandy 1366: Statutes of Kilkenny 1542 Henry VIII took the Htle King of Ireland, giving Irish chie_ains such English Htles as Earl of Tyrone 16th & 17th C.: plantaHons 1600: Cromwell 1800: Act of Union 1829: Catholic EmancipaHon 1831: NaHonal Schools Act 1847-50: Famine

Inuences
Earlier English Irish Language The process of learning English Learning English without naHve speaker instrucHon Economic driver for language change

Phonology: Sounds
I-E is RhoHc: postvocalic /r/ is sounded Many dialects of standard english are non- rhoHc (the post-vocalic /r/ is not sounded) so pear becomes [pe] // being the unstressed vowel in english, as in about

 Note that we will someHmes have to use the Interna'onal Phone'c Alphabet to represent sounds The English alphabet is useless for this as English orthography is totally crazy See Sea Cease Seize Sees (/si/)

Phonology: Sounds
O_en in standard English dialects, a postvocalic /r/ is introduced So idea becomes [aidir] in the speech of many BriHsh speakers of English

Phonology: Sounds
NoHce also the way which is pronounced in I-E It is dierent to witch, but most S-E speakers would pronounce witch and which the same way

Phonology: Sounds
Other consonantal dierences can be seen in the pronunciaHon of th as in thy and thigh, even where the speaker tries to be careful I-E users dont match the S-E D and T but rather manage either a [d] or [t] or a dental d1 or t1.

Phonology: Sounds
How does an Irish person pronounce the words: Shirt or Flat

Phonology: Sounds
How does an Irish person pronounce the words: Shirt or Flat More like shirsh or ash? the nal /t/ is very sibilant in H-E

Phonology: Sounds
The /s/ sound in S-E can o_en occur as a [S] shtar or jaysus chrisht.

Phonology: Sounds
The applicaHon of the Great Vowel Shi_ which has gone further in SE than in HE So some older pronunciaHons are preserved in I-E So you can hear tay for tea, Yeats is pronounced like Yates So it contrasts with Keats

Phonology: Sounds
Film and Prism are pronounced as llm and prism and someHmes rm as rm Deriving from the diculHes a speaker of Irish would have had with the consonantal clusters sm, lm and rm.

Phonology: Sounds
Similarly petrol can sound like peTrol. With the intervocalic /t/ dierent and the /tr/ cluster altered by having a vowel inserted between the two consonants

Morphology: forms of words

DierenHaHng singular and plural you: You as singular, youse or yiz as plural, just as Irish had singular and plural second person This has been imported into some dialects of BriHsh English where there has been a large Irish migraHon

Morphology: forms of words

DierenHaHng singular and plural you: English lost the singular/plural disHncHon (thou, you) and uses the former plural form for both singular and plural now

Morphology: forms of words

Use of himself as subject: Himself is here. This isnt the same as he is here as the person referred to as himself must be in some posiHon of authority or already highlighted in the discourse.

Morphology: forms of words

Use of the denite arHcle: He has the u, He hates the maths, How did you get over the christmas.

Syntax
The consuetudinal present (the do be form): Does he be sick a lot, She doesn't be working all the 'me. Habitual present: we do have a lot of trouble with the radio.

Syntax
The resultaHve perfecHve: I have it done to mean I have it done. The a_er perfect (immediate perfecHve): Im aDer forgeEng to buy the Crunchies; Its aDer geEng a bit warmer. For to inniHves of purpose: He came to college for to learn linguisHcs

The Lexicon
Older English Usages: Crack, Cog, Mot, Louser, Bowsey, Delph, Learn Inuence from Irish: Bold, Boxty, Meas, Amadawn, Smithereens, Fooster, Bohereen,

What quintessenHally American word comes from Irish?

What quintessenHally American word comes from Irish?

Phoney

What quintessenHally American word comes from Irish?

Phoney From Finne = Ring