Design+Sensitivity+and+Optimization+in+MSC Nastran+workshop

MSC.
Software Corporation
2 MacArthur Place
Santa Ana, CA 92707, USA
Tel: (714) 540-8900
Fax: (714) 784-4056
Web: http://www.mscsoftware.com
Tokyo, Japan
Tel: 81-3-3505-0266
Fax: 81-3-3505-0914
United States
MSC.Patran Support
Tel: 1-800-732-7284
Fax: (714) 979-2990
Munich, Germany
Tel: (+49)-89-43 19 87 0
Fax: (+49)-89-43 61 716
Design Sensitivity and Optimization in

MSC.NASTRAN
NAS107 Exercise Book
MSC.Nastran 2001
MSC.Patran 2001.r3
April 2003
NA*V2001*Z*Z*Z*SM-NAS107-WBK
DISCLAIMER
MSC.Software Corporation reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this
document without prior notice.
The concepts, methods, and examples presented in this text are for illustrative and educational purposes only, and are not
intended to be exhaustive or to apply to any particular engineering problem or design. MSC.Software Corporation assumes
no liability or responsibility to any person or company for direct or indirect damages resulting from the use of any
information contained herein.
User Documentation: Copyright 2003 MSC.Software Corporation. Printed in U.S.A. All Rights Reserved.
This notice shall be marked on any reproduction of this documentation, in whole or in part. Any reproduction or distribution
of this document, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of MSC.Software Corporation is prohibited.
MSC and MSC. are registered trademarks and service marks of MSC.Software Corporation. NASTRAN is a registered
trademark of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. MSC.Nastran is an enhanced proprietary version
developed and maintained by MSC.Software Corporation. MSC.Patran is a trademark of MSC.Software Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1. Optimization of a 3-bar truss problem subject to static loadings.
1-1
2. Minimization of surface material required for shipping box.
2-1
3. Frame structure design with different scaling
3-1
4. Calculation of design sensitivity coefficients.
4-1
5. Mode tracking exercise.
5-1
6. Shape optimization of a planar culvert.
6-1
7. Multi-disciplinary optimization problem subject to static, normal
7-1
modes, and frequency response.

8. Design structure with strength and buckling limits satisfying both
8-1
the Eulers and Johnsons criteria.

9. Random response optimization
9-1
10. Discrete variable optimization
10-1
11. Enhancement of dynamic response creation
11-1
12. External response (DRESP3)
12-1
MSC.Software Corporation
2 MacArthur Place
Santa Ana, CA 92707, USA
Tel: (714) 540-8900
Fax: (714) 784-4056
Web: http://www.mscsoftware.com
Tokyo, Japan
Tel: 81-3-3505-0266
Fax: 81-3-3505-0914
United States
MSC.Patran Support
Tel: 1-800-732-7284
Fax: (714) 979-2990
Munich, Germany
Tel: (+49)-89-43 19 87 0
Fax: (+49)-89-43 61 716
Design Sensitivity and Optimization in

MSC.NASTRAN
NAS107 Exercise Book
MSC.Nastran 2001
MSC.Patran 2001.r3
April 2003
NA*V2001*Z*Z*Z*SM-NAS107-WBK
DISCLAIMER
MSC.Software Corporation reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this
document without prior notice.
The concepts, methods, and examples presented in this text are for illustrative and educational purposes only, and are not
intended to be exhaustive or to apply to any particular engineering problem or design. MSC.Software Corporation assumes
no liability or responsibility to any person or company for direct or indirect damages resulting from the use of any
information contained herein.
User Documentation: Copyright 2003 MSC.Software Corporation. Printed in U.S.A. All Rights Reserved.
This notice shall be marked on any reproduction of this documentation, in whole or in part. Any reproduction or distribution
of this document, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of MSC.Software Corporation is prohibited.
MSC and MSC. are registered trademarks and service marks of MSC.Software Corporation. NASTRAN is a registered
trademark of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. MSC.Nastran is an enhanced proprietary version
developed and maintained by MSC.Software Corporation. MSC.Patran is a trademark of MSC.Software Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1. Optimization of a 3-bar truss problem subject to static loadings.
1-1
2. Minimization of surface material required for shipping box.
2-1
3. Frame structure design with different scaling
3-1
4. Calculation of design sensitivity coefficients.
4-1
5. Mode tracking exercise.
5-1
6. Shape optimization of a planar culvert.
6-1
7. Multi-disciplinary optimization problem subject to static, normal
7-1
modes, and frequency response.

8. Design structure with strength and buckling limits satisfying both
8-1
the Eulers and Johnsons criteria.

9. Random response optimization
9-1
10. Discrete variable optimization
10-1
11. Enhancement of dynamic response creation
11-1
12. External response (DRESP3)
12-1
WORKSHOP 1
3- BAR TRUSS OPTIMIZATION SUBJECT TO
STATIC LOADING
Subcase 1
X: -16,000 lbs
Y: -12,000 lbs
NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003
Subcase 2
X: 16,000 lbs
Y: -12,000 lbs
WS1-1
WS1-2
Design Model Description
Objective Function: Weight minimization
Design Variables: Cross-sectional area A1 and A2
Constraints:
Stress Allowable:
20 ksi tension
15 ksi compression
Displacement at grid 4:
X direction 0.2 in
Y direction 0.2 in
WS1-3
Suggested Exercise Steps

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Open a new database and call it wkshp1.db.

Turn on all the labels and select front view.
Create new nodes elements for the model.
Create bar elements from the previous node elements
Make a new material called alum and sets its properties.
Create a 1-D rod with property set named prop_1 and sets its material property to
alum with area of 1.
Create another 1-D rod with property set named prop_2 and sets its material
property to alum with area of 2.
Under Loads/BCs, create a new nodal displacement called disp_1 and sets its
translation and rotation parameters.
Create another nodal displacement called disp_2 and sets its parameters.
Create a nodal force called force_1 and sets its force property and application
region.
Create another force called force_2 and sets its force properties and application
region.
Create a load case called case_1 and sets its properties.
Create another load case called case_2 and sets its displacement and force
properties..
Create model variables using 1-D rod with prop_1 and associated area
Create another variable using 1-D rod with prop_2 and associated area.
WS1-4

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
Create a design study called opt_1 and sets its design variables and objectives.
Create the design constraint named DISP_1 and set the appropriate lower and upper
bounds.
Create the linear static stress constraint named STRESS_1 with properties of 1-D rod.
Analyze the entire model and output as OP2 and Print using MSC.NASTRAN 2001.
Set the optimization parameters for the analysis.
Select 101 Linear Static as the solution type with both case_1 and case_2 selected to
generate wkshp1.bdf
Compare wkshp1.bdf with the sample output.
Compare wkshp1.bdf with the sample output (cont'd).
Compare wkshp1.bdf with the sample output (cont'd).
Submit the wkshp1.bdf to MSC.NASTRAN 2001 for analysis and check for errors.
Compare the results with the sample output.
In PATRAN, read the result file using NASTRAN's generated file, wkshp1.op2.
Plot the Design Variable History on the XY plot.
Post the Objective Function curve and apply.
Modify the XY plot's axis properties.
Post the curves PROP_1 and PROP_2 in the Design Variable History window
Set the properties of the curves and its axis properties.
Modify the PROP_1:1 curve and change the line style to long dash.
Post the Maximum Constraint Curve and plot it in the Design Variable History window.
Modify the axis' properties.
Quit MSC.PATRAN
WS1-5
Y
Z
Figure 1.1 Geometry and Finite Element
Figure 1.2 Constraints and Applied Forces (Case 1)

Figure 1.3 Constraints and Applied Forces (Case 2)

WS1-6
Table 1.1 Material Properties
Elastic Modulus
Poisson's Ratio
Density
10e6 psi
0.3
0.101
WS1-7
Step 1. Create a New Database
Open database.
a. File / New.
b. Enter wkshp1 for File
Name.
c. Click OK.
d. Under New Model
Preferences, select Based
on Model Tolerance.
e. Select MSC.NASTRAN for
Analysis Code.
e
f
c
f. Select Structural for

Analysis Type.
g. OK.
WS1-8
Step 2. Show All Labels

a
Show labels and change the view to

front view.
a. Show all entity labels
b.
Front view
Whenever possible, deselect Auto

Execute option.
WS1-9
Step 3. Create New Nodes
Create new nodes

a. Elements
b. Create/Node/Edit
c. Deselect Associate with
Geometry
d. Enter [-10 0 0] for Node Location
List
e. Apply
Repeat the same steps a c with
[0 0 0] for Node Location List
and click Apply
[10 0 0] for Node Location List
and click Apply
[0 -10 0] for Node Location List
and click Apply
c
d
WS1-10
Step 4. Create bars
a
Create bars
a. Elements
b. Create/Element/Edit
c. Select Bar for Shape
d. Select Node 1 from the viewport
for Node 1 =
e. Enter Node 4 from the viewport
for Node 2 =
f. Apply
Repeat steps a c with:
Node 2 for Node 1 =
Node 4 for Node 2 =
and click Apply.
Repeat steps a c with:
Node 3 for Node 1 =
Node 4 for Node 2 =
and click Apply.
d
z
e
f
WS1-11
Step 5. Create and Define the Materials properties
Define a material using the specified

modulus of elasticity and
allowable stresses.
a. Materials
b. Create/Isotropic/Manual Input
c. Enter alum for Material Name
d. Input Properties
e. Enter 10e6 for Elastic Modulus =
f. Enter 0.3 for Poisson Ratio =
g. Enter 0.101 for Density =
h. OK
i. Apply
b
e
f
g
d
h
i
WS1-12
Step 6. Create a 1-D Rod and Set its Properties
Create a 1D rod with aluminum

properties.
a. Properties
b. Create/1D/Rod
c. Enter prop_1 for Property Set
Name
d. Input Properties
e. Select alum in the Material
Property Sets databox for
Material Name.
f.
Enter 1 for Area
g. OK
h. For Select Members, click on
Beam Element icon
g
d
h
i.
j.
and select rod elements 1 and 3

from the view port.
Add
Apply
WS1-13
Step 7. Create another Rod and Set its Properties
Create another property with the new

input properties.
a. Properties
b. Create/1D/Rod
c. Enter prop_2 for Property Set
Name
d. Input Properties
e. Select alum in the Material
Property Sets databox for
Material Name.
f.
Enter 2 for the Area
g. OK
h. For Select Members, click on
Beam Element icon
e
c
g
d
h
i
i.
j.
and select Elm 2 for Select

Members
Add
Apply
WS1-14
Step 8. Create a Load/BC
Create a nodal displacement called

disp_1.
a. Loads/BCs
b. Create / Displacement / Nodal.
c. Enter disp_1 for New Set Name
d. Input Data
e. Enter <0,0,0> for Translations
<T1 T2 T3>
f. Enter <0,0,0> for Rotations <R1
R2 R3>
g. OK
h. Select Application Regions
i. Select FEM under Geometry
Filter
j. Drag the mouse to select Node 1,
Node 2, and Node 3 from the
viewport for Select Nodes
k. Add
l. OK
m. Apply
b
e
f
j
k
d
h
m
WS1-15
Step 9. Create a Load/BC (Cont.)
Create another nodal displacement

called disp_2.
a. Loads/BCs
b. Create / Displacement / Nodal.
c. Enter disp_2 for New Set Name
d. Input Data
e. Enter < , ,0> for Translations <T1
T2 T3>
f. Enter <0,0,0> for Rotations <R1
R2 R3>
g. OK
h. Select Application Regions
i. Select FEM under Geometry
Filter
j. Select Node 4 from the viewport
for Select Nodes
k. Add
l. OK
m. Apply
b
e
f
j
k
c
l
g
d
h
m
WS1-16
Step 10. Apply Forces on X and Y
a
h
b
Create a new nodal force called
force_1.
a. Loads/BCs
b. Create/Force/Nodal
c. Enter force_1 for New Set Name
d. Input Data
e. Enter < -16000, -12000, > for
Force <F1 F2 F3>
f. OK
g. Select Application Region
h. Select FEM under Geometry
Filter
i. Select Node 4 from the viewport
for Select Nodes
j. Add
k. OK
l. Apply
e
j
d
g
l
WS1-17
Step 11. Apply Forces on X and Y (Cont.)
Create another nodal force called

force_2.
a. Loads/BCs
b. Create/Force/Nodal
c. Enter force_2 for New Set Name
d. Input Data
e. Enter < 16000, -12000, > for
Force <F1 F2 F3>
f. OK
g. Select Application Region
h. Select FEM under Geometry
Filter
i. Select Node 4 from the viewport
for Select Nodes
j. Add
k. OK
l. Apply
h
b
e
i
j
f
c
d
g
l
WS1-18
Step 12. Create Load Cases
a
e
b
Create a new Load Case called
case_1.
a. Load Cases.
b. Create
c. Enter case_1 as Load Case
Name
d. Assign/Prioritize Loads/BCs
e. Under Select Individual
Loads/BCs databox, select
Displ_disp_1
Displ_disp_2
Force_force_1
f. OK
g. Apply
f
d
WS1-19
Step 13. Create Load Cases (Cont.)
a
b
Create another Load Case called
case_2.
a. Load Cases.
b. Create
c. Enter case_2 as Load Case
Name
d. Assign/Prioritize Loads/BCs
e. Under Select Individual
Loads/BCs databox, select
Displ_disp_1
Displ_disp_2
Force_force_2
f. OK
g. Apply
f
Note: The viewport stays the same.
WS1-20
Step 14. Create Model Variable from Tools
a
b
Use Tools for Model Variables.

a. Tools/Model Variables
b. Create/Variable/Property
c. Select 1D for Dimensions
d. Select Rod for Type
e. Select prop_1 from Select
Property Set databox
f. Select Area from Select Property
Name databox
g. Apply
c
d
e
WS1-21
Step 15. Create Model Variable from Tools (Cont.)
a
b
Use Tools for Model Variables.

a. Tools/Model Variables
b. Create/Variable/Property
c. Select 1D for Dimensions
d. Select Rod for Type
e. Select prop_2 from Select
Property Set databox
f. Select Area from Select Property
Name databox
g. Apply
h. Close
c
d
e
g
WS1-22
Step 16. Create Design Study from Tools
Create Design Study and sets its

properties.
a. Tools/Design Study
b. Create / Design Study
c. Enter opt_1 for Design Study
Name
d. Design Variables
e. For prop_1_Area, enter 0.1 under
Lower Bound and press Enter,
and 100 under Upper Bound and
press Enter for
f. For prop_2_Area, enter 0.1 under
Lower Bound and press Enter,
and 100 under Upper Bound and
press Enter for
g. OK
h. Design Objective
i. Select Total_Weight for Existing
Objective
j. Select minimize under Min/Max
selection box.
k. OK
e
f
c
i
d
j
h
k
WS1-23
Step 17. Create Design Study from Tools (Cont.)
b
Create Design Constraints for the
Design Study
a. Design Constraints
b. Create /Linear Static/
Displacement
c. DISP_1 for Constraint Name
d. Select Node 4 for Select Node
e. Select TX option under
Displacement Component
f. Enter 0.2 for Lower Bound
g. Enter 0.2 for Upper Bound
h. Apply
i. DISP_2 for Constraint Name
j. Select Node 4 for Select Node
k. Select TY option under
Displacement Component
l. Enter 0.2 for Lower Bound
m. Enter 0.2 for Upper Bound
n. Apply
a
f
h
WS1-24
Step 18. Create Design Study from Tools (Cont.)
Create Stress Constraints for the Design

Study
a.
Create/Linear Static/Stress
b.
STRESS_1 for Constraint Name
c.
Select FEM under Constraint Region
d.
Select 1D
e.
Select Rod
f.
Under Select Finite Element, drag
your mouse to select Element 1,
Element 2, and Element 3 from the
viewport
g.
For Select Component, select Axial
h.
Enter 15000 for Lower Bound input
box.
i.
Enter 20000 for Upper Bound input
box
j.
Apply
k.
Close
l.
Apply must be pressed to create a
current design study
m. Close
b
c
d
e
f
WS1-25
Step 19. Create an Input File for Analysis
a
e
b
Generate an input file and sets its
parameters for analysis.
a. Analysis
b. Optimize/Entire Model/Analysis
Deck
c. Enter wkshp1 for Job Name
d. Translation Parameters
e. For Data Output, select OP2 and
Print
f. For MSC.Nastran Version, enter
2001
g. OK
c
f
g
WS1-26
Step 20. Create an Input File for Analysis (Cont.)

parameters for analysis (Cont.)
a. Optimization Parameters
b. Enter 10 for Maximum Number of
Standard Design Cycles
(DESMAX) =
c. Enter 1 for Print Design Data (P1)
every n-th cycle where n=
d. Enter 1 for Print Analysis
Results(NASPRT) every n-th
cycle where n =
e. OK
c
d
a
e
WS1-27
Step 21. Create an Input File for Analysis (Cont.)

parameters for analysis (Cont.)
a. Subcase Select
b. Select 101 LINEAR STATIC for
Solution Type
c. Under Subcases Available, select
case_1 and case_2
d. OK
e. Apply
An MSC.Nastran input file called
wkshp1.bdf will be generated.
This process of translating your
model into an input file is called
the Forward Translation. The
Forward Translation is complete
when the Heartbeat turns green.
MSC.Nastran users should
proceed to the next step.
b
c
a
e
WS1-28
Step 22. Generated Input File

Look for the generated input file named wkshp1.bdf. It should be similar to the
output below.
SOL 200
TIME 600
$ Direct Text Input for Executive Control
CEND
SEALL = ALL
SUPER = ALL
TITLE = MSC.Nastran job created on 08-Nov-02 at 09:37:24
ECHO = NONE
MAXLINES = 999999999
DESOBJ(MIN) = 1
ANALYSIS = STATICS
$ Direct Text Input for Global Case Control Data
SUBCASE 1
$ Subcase name : case_1
SUBTITLE=case_1
SPC = 2
LOAD = 2
DISPLACEMENT(SORT1,REAL)=ALL
SPCFORCES(SORT1,REAL)=ALL
STRESS(SORT1,REAL,VONMISES,BILIN)=ALL
DESSUB = 1
SUBCASE 2
$ Subcase name : case_2
SUBTITLE=case_2
SPC = 2
LOAD = 4
DISPLACEMENT(SORT1,REAL)=ALL
SPCFORCES(SORT1,REAL)=ALL
STRESS(SORT1,REAL,VONMISES,BILIN)=ALL
DESSUB = 1
BEGIN BULK
PARAM
POST
-1
PARAM
AUTOSPC YES
PARAM,NOCOMPS,-1
PARAM
PRTMAXIM YES
PARAM
NASPRT 1
$ Direct Text Input for Bulk Data
$ Elements and Element Properties for region : prop_1
PROD
1
1
1.
WS1-29
Step 23. Generated Input File (Cont.)

$ Pset: "prop_1" will be imported as: "prod.1"
CROD
1
1
1
4
CROD
3
1
3
4
$ Elements and Element Properties for region : prop_2
PROD
2
1
2.
$ Pset: "prop_2" will be imported as: "prod.2"
CROD
2
2
2
4
$ Referenced Material Records
$ Material Record : alum
$ Description of Material : Date: 20-Feb-03
Time: 17:06:10
MAT1
1
1.+7
.3
.101
$ Nodes of the Entire Model
GRID
1
-10.
0.
0.
GRID
2
0.
0.
0.
GRID
3
10.
0.
0.
GRID
4
0.
-10.
0.
$ Loads for Load Case : case_1
SPCADD
2
4
6
LOAD
2
1.
1.
1
$ Displacement Constraints of Load Set : disp_1
SPC1
4
123456 1
2
3
$ Displacement Constraints of Load Set : disp_2
SPC1
6
3456
4
$ Loads for Load Case : case_2
LOAD
4
1.
1.
3
$ Nodal Forces of Load Set : force_1
FORCE
1
4
0
20000. -.8
-.6
0.
$ Nodal Forces of Load Set : force_2
FORCE
3
4
0
20000. .8
-.6
0.
$ Referenced Coordinate Frames
$ ...DESIGN VARIABLE DEFINITION
$ prop_1_Area
DESVAR
1
prop_1:1 1.
.1
100.
1.
$ prop_2_Area
DESVAR
2
prop_2:2 2.
.1
100.
1.
$ ...DEFINITION OF DESIGN VARIABLE TO ANALYSIS MODEL PARAMETER RELATIONS
DVPREL1 1
PROD
1
A
1
1.
DVPREL1 2
PROD
2
A
2
1.
WS1-30
Step 24. Generated Input File (Cont.)
$ ...STRUCTURAL RESPONSE IDENTIFICATION

DRESP1
1
W
WEIGHT
$ DISP_1
DRESP1
2
DIS2
DISP
$ DISP_2
DRESP1
3
DIS3
DISP
$ STRESS_1
DRESP1
4
STR4
STRESS ELEM
2
3
$ ...CONSTRAINTS
DCONSTR 1
2
-.2
.2
DCONSTR 1
3
-.2
.2
DCONSTR 1
4
-15000. 20000.
$ ...OPTIMIZATION CONTROL
DOPTPRM DESMAX 10
FSDMAX 0
CONV1
.001
CONV2
1.-20
DELP
.2
DELX
1.
ENDDATA 760dc90d
WS1-31
P1
CONVDV
DPMIN
1
.001
.01
P2
CONVPR
DXMIN
1
.01
.05
Step 25. View Results in the f06 File
a
If you have MSC.NASTRAN on your
Network, you can submit the
wkshp1.bdf for analysis.
Open MSC.NASTRAN.
a. Find and Open wkshp1.bdf .
b. Open.
c. Run.
d. Check for fatal errors by
opening up wkshp1.f06 file as
a text document and
searching for the word
FATAL. If no fatal errors
exist, then the analysis
completed successfully.
If no matches exist, search
for the word WARNING.
Determine whether existing
WARNING messages
indicate modeling errors.
WS1-32
Step 26. View Results in the f06 File (Cont.)

Compare the results obtained in the .f06 file with the following:
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
(HARD CONVERGENCE ACHIEVED)
NUMBER OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES COMPLETED

NUMBER OF OPTIMIZATIONS W.R.T. APPROXIMATE MODELS
10
9
OBJECTIVE AND MAXIMUM CONSTRAINT HISTORY

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OBJECTIVE FROM
OBJECTIVE FROM
FRACTIONAL ERROR
MAXIMUM VALUE
CYCLE
APPROXIMATE
EXACT
OF
OF
NUMBER
OPTIMIZATION
ANALYSIS
APPROXIMATION
CONSTRAINT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
4.876711E+00
-3.234952E-01
1
3.901207E+00
3.901370E+00
-4.155582E-05
-1.543690E-01
2
3.237946E+00
3.237858E+00
2.709755E-05
1.123633E-03
3
3.051952E+00
3.052043E+00
-3.007531E-05
-2.282910E-03
4
2.918623E+00
2.918685E+00
-2.140199E-05
-2.917578E-03
5
2.832141E+00
2.832159E+00
-6.397880E-06
-3.855273E-03
6
2.773211E+00
2.773170E+00
1.504533E-05
-1.086523E-03
7
2.749983E+00
2.750050E+00
-2.453499E-05
-3.655078E-03
8
2.734338E+00
2.734315E+00
8.370720E-06
-1.936035E-03
9
2.732447E+00
2.732435E+00
4.537260E-06
-1.900000E-03
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
MSC.NASTRAN JOB CREATED ON 20-FEB-03 AT 18:00:25
FEBRUARY 20, 2003 MSC.NASTRAN 4/ 9/01
PAGE
192
0
SUBCASE 1
DESIGN VARIABLE HISTORY
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL |
EXTERNAL
|
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
|
LABEL
|
INITIAL
:
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 |
1
| PROP_1:1
|
1.0000E+00 :
8.0000E-01 :
6.8089E-01 :
7.0642E-01 :
7.3214E-01 :
7.5976E-01 :
2 |
2
| PROP_2:2
|
2.0000E+00 :
1.6000E+00 :
1.2800E+00 :
1.0238E+00 :
8.1898E-01 :
6.5518E-01 :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL |
EXTERNAL
|
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
|
LABEL
|
6
:
7
:
8
:
9
:
10
:
11
:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 |
1
| PROP_1:1
|
7.8330E-01 :
8.1300E-01 :
8.3427E-01 :
8.4453E-01 :
2 |
2
| PROP_2:2
|
5.3020E-01 :
4.2332E-01 :
3.4756E-01 :
3.1669E-01 :
WS1-33
Step 27. View Results using Patran
a
b
Continue to view results in PATRAN.

a. Analysis.
b. Read Output2/Result
Entities/Translate.
c. Select Results File
d. Select wkshp1.op2.
e. OK.
f. Apply.
c
f
WS1-34
Step 28. Select Result Graph
Create the resulting graph.

a. XY Plot
b. Post / XYWindow
c. For Select Current XY Window,
select DesignVariableHistory
d. For Post/Unpost XY Windows,
select DesignVariableHistory
e. Apply
WS1-35
Step 29. Post/Unpost Curves
Post an Objective Function for a

Curve.
a. XY Plot
b. Post/Curve
c. Select ObjectiveFunction for
Post/Unpost Curves
d. Apply
d
WS1-36
Step 30. Modify the Axis Properties
a
e
Change the Active Axis and its title
and font size.
a. XY Plot
b. Modify/Axis
c. Select Y for Active Axis
d. Title
e. Put a check mark in the Display
Axis Title checkbox
f. Enter Total Model Weight for
Axis Title
g. Change the Font Size to 12
h. Apply
i. Cancel
g
h
WS1-37
Step 31. Post/Unpost Curves
Select curves to Post

a. XY Plot
b. Post / Curve
c. Under Post/Unpost Curves, select
PROP_1:1 and PROP_2:2
d. Apply
WS1-38
Step 32. Set Properties of the Curves
a
e
Modify the Active Axis and its Title
and Font Size
a. XY Plot
b. Modify/Axis
d. Title
Axis Title checkbox
f. Enter Area for Axis Title
h. Apply
i. Cancel
g
h
WS1-39
Step 33. Modify a Curve
Change the Curve and its Line Style.

a. XY Plot
b. Modify/Curve
c. Select PROP_1:1 from the Curve
List databox
d. Options
e. Select LongDash for Line Style
f. Apply
g. Cancel
c
e
f
WS1-40
Step 34. Post Maximum Constraint Curve
Create a Maximum Constraint Curve.

a. XY Plot
b. Post/Curve
c. Select MaximumConstraint for
Post/Unpost Curves
d. Apply
WS1-41
Step 35. Modify the Axis Properties
a
e
Modify the Active Axis and its Title
and Font Size
a. XY Plot
b. Modify/Axis
d. Title
Axis Title checkbox
f. Enter Constraint for Axis Title
h. Apply
i. Cancel
g
h
WS1-42
Step 36. Quit MSC.Patran
a
Quit MSC.PATRAN.
a. File / Quit.
This ends this exercise.
WS1-43
WS1-44
WORKSHOP 2
MINIMIZATION OF SURFACE MATERIAL FOR
SHIPPING BOX
L
W
WS2-1
WS2-2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Generate an Input File for MSC.NASTRAN users.

Compare the Input File
Submit Input File to MSC.Nastran For Analysis
View the Results.
XY Plots of Design Results.
WS2-3
Model Description
Objective Function: Minimize the material surface area.

S = 2 * ( W * H + L * H + 2.0 * W * L )
Design Variables: W (Width), H (Height), L (Length)
Constraints:
Volume: V = H * W * L 2.0
Initial Design
H = 1.5
W = 1.5
L = 1.5
S = 18.0
V = 3.375
Optimum Design
H = 2.0
W = 1.0
L = 1.0
S = 12.0
V = 2.0
WS2-4
1. Generating an Input File for MSC.Nastran Users

Generate an input file using the data from pages 2-1 through 2-3. Use the following input file as a
starting point:
$
$
wkshp2.dat
$
ID MSC, D200X8 $
TIME 5
SOL 200
a.CEND
Generate an input file using
TITLE
= BOX MATERIAL MINIMIZATION WITH A VOLUME
the data from page 2-3. Use
CONSTRAINT D200X8
the following
input file as a
DESOBJ
=
starting
DESSUB
= 1point.
SUBTITLE = INITIAL DESIGN: W=1.5, L=1.5, AND H=1.5
$DISPLACEMENT = ALL
STRESS
= NONE
SPC
= 1
ANALYSIS = STATICS
LOAD
= 1
BEGIN BULK
param,post,-1
$
$ ---------------------------------------------------------$
$ DUMMY STRUCTURAL MODEL (NOT USED)
FORCE
1
2
1.0E7
1.0
0.0
0.0
GRID
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
GRID
2
1.0
0.0
0.0
CROD
1
1
1
2
MAT1
1
1.0E7
0.3
0.1
PROD
1
1
1.0
SPC1
1
23456
2
SPC1
1
123456 1
$
WS2-5
$ DUMMY STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION STATEMENTS

$
DESVAR 4
DUM
1.0
0.1
10.0
DVPREL1 10
PROD
1
4
4
1.0
DRESP1
10
DISPL
DISP
1
2
DCONSTR 1
10
1.0
1.0
$
$ ---------------------------------------------------------$
$ BOX DESIGN PROBLEM DEFINITION
$
$ Define three design variables
$
DESVAR 1
W
1.5
0.1
10.0
DESVAR 2
L
1.5
0.1
10.0
DESVAR 3
H
1.5
0.1
10.0
$
$ Define the Objective function using DRESP2 and DEQATN
$ the DRESP2 should be referenced by DESOBJ in Subcase
level.
$
DRESP2...
DEQATN...
$
$ Define a Volume response function using DRESP2 and DEQATN
$ The box must be able to hold a minimum volume of 2.0
$
DEQATN...
DRESP2...
DCONSTR...
$
$ define the screen entry for equation
DSCREEN EQUA
-100.0 1
doptprm
p1
1
p2
15
ENDDATA
2. Compare the MSC.NASTRAN Input File
The completed MSC.NASTRAN input file is shown below:
$
$ wkshp2.dat
$
ID MSC, D200X8 $
TIME 5
SOL 200
CEND
TITLE = BOX MATERIAL MINIMIZATION WITH A VOLUME CONSTRAINT D200X8
DESOBJ = 2
DESSUB = 1
$DISPLACEMENT = ALL
STRESS
= NONE
SPC
=1
ANALYSIS = STATICS
LOAD
=1
BEGIN BULK
$
param,post,-1
$
$--------------------------------------------------------------------$
FORCE 1
2
1.0E7 1.0 0.0 0.0
GRID 1
0.0 0.0 0.0
GRID 2
1.0 0.0 0.0
CROD 1
1
1
2
MAT1 1
1.0E7
0.3 0.1
PROD 1
1
1.0
SPC1 1
23456 2
SPC1 1
123456 1
$
$ DUMMY STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION STATEMENTS
$
DESVAR 4
DUM 1.0 0.1 10.0
DVPREL1 10
PROD 1
4
4
1.0
DRESP1 10
DISPL DISP
1
2
DCONSTR 1
10
1.0 1.0
$
$-------------------------------------------------------------------$
$
$ Define three design variables
$
DESVAR 1
W
1.5 0.1 10.0
DESVAR 2
L
1.5 0.1 10.0
DESVAR 3
H
1.5 0.1 10.0
$
$ Define the Objective function
$
DRESP2 2
SURFACE 2
DESVAR 1
2
3
DEQATN 2
F(W,L,H)=2.0*(W*H+L*H+2.0*W*L)
$
$ Define a Volume constraint function
$
DCONSTR 1
1
2.0 1.0E35
DEQATN 1
F(W,L,H)=W*L*H
DRESP2 1
VOLUME 1
DESVAR 1
2
3
$ define the screen entry for equation
DSCREEN EQUA -100.0 1
doptprm p1
1
p2
15
ENDDATA
WS2-6
3. Submit Input File to MSC.Nastran For Analysis
To submit the MSC.Nastran .dat file,
find an available UNIX shell window and at the command prompt enter nastran
wkshp2 scr=yes. Monitor the run using the UNIX ps command:
WS2-7
4. View Results
When the run is completed, edit the wkshp2.f06 file and search for word FATAL. If no matches exist,
search for word WARNING. Determine whether existing WARNING messages indicate modeling errors.
While still editing wkshp2.f06, search for word H I S T O R Y. Compare the results obtained in the .f06
file with the following:
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
3
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CYCLE
NUMBER
OBJECTIVE FROM
APPROXIMATE
OPTIMIZATION
OBJECTIVE FROM
EXACT
ANALYSIS
FRACTIONAL ERROR
OF
APPROXIMATION
MAXIMUM VALUE
OF
CONSTRAINT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
1.800000E+01
0.000000E+00
1
1.199250E+01
1.199250E+01
0.000000E+00
9.863377E-04
2
1.198195E+01
1.198195E+01
0.000000E+00
2.771199E-03
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DESIGN VARIABLE HISTORY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
LABEL | INITIAL
:
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
2
3
4
|
|
|
|
1
2
3
4
|
|
|
|
W
L
H
DUM
|
|
|
|
1.5000E+00 :
1.5000E+00 :
1.5000E+00 :
1.0000E+00 :
1.0054E+00 :
1.0054E+00 :
1.9767E+00 :
1.0000E+00 :
WS2-8
9.8063E-01 :
9.8063E-01 :
2.0740E+00 :
1.0000E+00 :
5. XY Plots of Design Results
Fig. 2.1 Objective Function
Fig. 2.2 Maximum Constraint
WS2-9
5. XY Plots of Design Results (Cont.)
Fig. 2.3 Design Variable
WS2-10
WORKSHOP 3
FRAME STRUCTURE DESIGN WITH
DIFFERENT SCALINGS
10,000 lbs
1
A2, I2
A1, I1
WS3-1
A3, I3
WS3-2
Objectives
Design the following frame to match the prescribed displacements at grid

points 1 and 5.
This workshop also illustrates the importance of scaling in optimization.
10,000 lbs
1
A2, I2
A1, I1
WS3-3
A3, I3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Generate an input file for Part A for MSC.Nastran Users.

Compare the MSC.Nastran Input File for Part A.
Submit Input File to MSC.Nastran for analysis.
View Results
XY Plots of Objective Function and Design Variable Function for Part A.
Generate an input file for Part B for MSC.Nastran Users.
View Results
XY Plots of Objective Function and Design Variable Function for Part B.
Generate an input file for Part C for MSC.Nastran Users.
View Results
XY Plots of Objective Function and Design Variable Function for Part C.
WS3-4
Model Description
Part A
Objective Function: Match the displacements at grid points 1 and 5 to the

values shown in the table using the following formulation:
6
F ( A1, A2, A3, I1, I 2, I 3) = (ui uit arg et )2

i =1
Grid Point
1
5
Tx (in)
0.91449
1.068138
Ty (in)
-0.0956148
0.09561418
Rz (in)
-0.00097538
-0.0010012
Design Variables: A1, A2, A3, I1, I2, I3
Part B
Redo the problem by normalizing the displacement using the foolowing

formulation for the objective function:
6
F ( A1, A2, A3, I1, I 2, I 3) = (1

i =1
WS3-5
ui
2
)
t arg et
ui
Model Description (Cont.)
Part C
Redo the problem by normalizing the design variables and the displacements
using the following formulation for the objective function:
6
F ( 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3) = (1
i =1
where i =
Ai
Aiinit
and
WS3-6
i =
Ii
Iiinit
ui
2
)
t arg et
ui
1. Generate an Input File for MSC.NASTRAN Users

Generate an input file using the data from pages 3-5 and 3-6 Part A. Use the following input file as a
starting point.
$wkshp3a.dat
$
ID MSC, D200X10
TIME 5
SOL 200
CEND
TITLE
= DISPLACEMENT MATCHING EXERCISE
SUBTITLE = PORTAL FRAME SUBJECT TO HORIZONTAL LOAD NO SCALING
ECHO
= SORT
SPC
= 10
SET 10 = 1,5
DISP
= 10
$
$
CASE CONTROL FOR ANALYSIS TYPE AND OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
$
ANALYSIS = ...
DESOBJ = ...
$
$
SUBCASE 1
LABEL = LOAD CONDITION 1
LOAD = 1
BEGIN BULK
PARAM,POST,-1
PARAM
AUTOSPC YES
PARAM
GRDPNT 0
$
$ Analysis Model Description
$
MAT1
1
69000.0
0.30000 2.798-6
SPC1
10
123456 9
13
FORCE
1
5
10000.0 1.00000 0.00000
0.00000
$
GRID
1
500.0
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
2
250.0
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
3
0.000
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
4
-250.0 1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
5
-500.0 1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
6
-500.0 750.00 0.00000
345
GRID
7
-500.0 500.00 0.00000
345
GRID
8
-500.0 250.00 0.00000
345v
GRID
9
-500.0 0.0000 0.00000
GRID
10
500.0
750.00 0.00000
345
GRID
11
500.0
500.00 0.00000
345
GRID
12
500.0
250.00 0.00000
345
GRID
13
500.00 0.00000 0.00000
CBAR
1
1
1
2
0.000
1.00000 0.000
CBAR
2
1
2
3
0.000
1.00000 0.000
CBAR
3
1
3
4
0.000
1.00000 0.000
CBAR
4
1
4
5
0.000
1.00000 0.000
CBAR
5
2
5
6
1.00000 0.000
0.000
CBAR
6
2
6
7
1.00000 0.000
0.000
CBAR
7
2
7
8
1.00000 0.000
0.000
CBAR
8
2
8
9
1.00000 0.000
0.000
CBAR
9
3
1
10
1.00000 0.000
0.000
CBAR
10
3
10
11
1.00000 0.000
0.000
CBAR
11
3
11
12
1.00000 0.000
0.000
CBAR
12
3
12
13
1.00000 0.000
0.000
PBAR
1
1
100.
1.+7
1.+7
1.+7
PBAR
2
1
50.
1.+6
1.+6
1.+7
PBAR
3
1
150.
0.3+7
3.+6
1.+7
$ ----------------------------------------------------------$ Design Model Description
$
--- Design Variables (A, I) --DESVAR...
$
--- Design Variable to Properties Relation --DVPREL1...
$
--- Design Responses --DRESP1...
$
--- Equation to describe Objective function --$
The goal is to match the prescribed displacements.
$
Define a table containing the prescribed displacements.
DRESP2...
$
DEQATN...
$
DTABLE...
$
$
--- Screening and Optimization Control Data --DSCREEN,DISP,-0.5,1
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
DOPTPRM
DESMAX
20
DELP
.8
DPMIN
.1
ENDDATA
WS3-7

The completed MSC.NASTRAN input file for PART A is shown below:
$
soln3a.dat
ID MSC, D200X10
TIME 5
SOL 200
CEND
TITLE
SUBTITLE = PORTAL FRAME SUBJECT TO HORIZONTAL LOAD NO SCALING
ECHO
= SORT
SPC
= 10
SET 10 = 1,5
DISP
= 10
ANALYSIS = STATICS
DESOBJ = 700
SUBCASE 1
LOAD = 1
BEGIN BULK
PARAM,POST,-1
PARAM
AUTOSPC YES
PARAM
GRDPNT 0
MAT1
1
69000.0
0.30000 2.798-6
SPC1
10
123456 9
13
FORCE
1
5
10000.0 1.00000 0.00000 0.00000
$
GRID
1
500.0
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
2
250.0
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
3
0.000
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
4
-250.0 1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
5
-500.0 1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
6
-500.0 750.00 0.00000
345
GRID
7
-500.0 500.00 0.00000
345
GRID
8
-500.0 250.00 0.00000
345
GRID
9
-500.0 0.0000 0.00000
GRID
10
500.0
750.00 0.00000
345
GRID
11
500.0
500.00 0.00000
345
GRID
12
500.0
250.00 0.00000
345
GRID
13
500.00 0.00000 0.00000
CBAR
1
1
1
2
0.000
CBAR
2
1
2
3
0.000
CBAR
3
1
3
4
0.000
CBAR
4
1
4
5
0.000
CBAR
5
2
5
6
1.00000
CBAR
6
2
6
7
1.00000
CBAR
7
2
7
8
1.00000
CBAR
8
2
8
9
1.00000
CBAR
9
3
1
10
1.00000
CBAR
10
3
10
11
1.00000
CBAR
11
3
11
12
1.00000
CBAR
12
3
12
13
1.00000
PBAR
1
1
100.
1.+7
1.+7
PBAR
2
1
50.
1.+6
1.+6
PBAR
3
1
150.
0.3+7
3.+6
$ Design Model Description
$
--- Design Variables --DESVAR,10,AREAHB,100.0,0.05,5000.0
DESVAR,20,AREAC1,50.0,0.05,5000.0
DESVAR,30,AREAC2,150.0,0.05,5000.0
DESVAR,40,IHB,10.E6,0.1,1.0E9
DESVAR,50,IC1,1.E6,0.1,1.0E9
DESVAR,60,IC2,3.E6,0.1,1.0E9
$
--- Design Variable to Properties Relation
DVPREL1,100,PBAR,1,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPA
+DVPA,10,1.0
DVPREL1,200,PBAR,2,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPB
+DVPB,20,1.0
DVPREL1,300,PBAR,3,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPC
+DVPC,30,1.0
DVPREL1,400,PBAR,1,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPD
+DVPD,40,1.0
DVPREL1,500,PBAR,2,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPE
+DVPE,50,1.0
DVPREL1,600,PBAR,3,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPF
+DVPF,60,1.0
$
(Contd)
WS3-8
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.+7
1.+7
1.+7
---
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2. Compare the MSC.NASTRAN Input File (Cont.)

The completed MSC.NASTRAN input file for PART A is shown below (Cont.):
$
$
--- Design Responses --DRESP1,100,HD1,DISP,,10,1,,1
DRESP1,200,VD1,DISP,,11,2,,1
DRESP1,300,RD1,DISP,,12,6,,1
DRESP1,400,HD5,DISP,,20,1,,5
DRESP1,500,VD5,DISP,,21,2,,5
DRESP1,600,RD5,DISP,,22,6,,5
$
$
--- Equation to describe Objective function
$
$ These equations scale the objective to get it away from zero.
$
DRESP2,700,ERROR,10,,,,,,+DRESP2A
+DRESP2A,DTABLE,T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,,+DRESP2B
+DRESP2B,DRESP1,100,200,300,400,500,600
$
DEQATN 10
OBJ(T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,U1,U2,U3,U4,U5,U6)
+
= (
(U1-T1)**2 + (U2-T2)**2 + (U3-T3)**2 +
+
(U4-T4)**2 + (U5-T5)**2 + (U6-T6)**2 )/1.e-3
$
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
DTABLE* T1
9.1449 E-01
T2
-9.56418E-02
*
T3
-9.7538 E-04
T4
1.068138
*
T5
9.56418E-02
T6
-1.0012 E-03
*
$
$
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
DOPTPRM DESMAX 20
DELP
.8
DPMIN
.1
ENDDATA
WS3-9
+
+
10
+
+
+
10
wkshp3a scr=yes. Monitor the run using the UNIX ps command:
WS3-10
4. View Results
When the run is completed, edit the wkshp3a.f06 file and search for the word FATAL. If no
matches exist, search for the word WARNING. Determine whether existing WARNING
messages indicate modeling errors.
While still editing wkshp3a.f06, search for the word H I S T O R Y. Compare the results obtained
in the .f06 file with the following:
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
(SOFT CONVERGENCE ACHIEVED)
10
9

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CYCLE
NUMBER
OBJECTIVE FROM
APPROXIMATE
OPTIMIZATION
OBJECTIVE FROM
EXACT
ANALYSIS
FRACTIONAL ERROR
OF
APPROXIMATION
MAXIMUM VALUE
OF
CONSTRAINT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
2.595013E+04
N/A
1
1.938923E+04
1.916654E+04
1.161876E-02
N/A
1.593391E+04
1.586977E+04
4.041748E-03
N/A
1.423345E+04
1.421479E+04
1.312590E-03
N/A
6.164483E+03
5.614997E+03
9.786058E-02
N/A
7.664992E+02
7.488561E+02
2.356002E-02
N/A
1.450883E+02
1.304158E+02
1.125052E-01
N/A
1.244497E+02
1.244324E+02
1.391819E-04
N/A
1.222592E+02
1.222557E+02
2.895602E-05
N/A
1.222557E+02
1.222557E+02
0.000000E+00
N/A
WS3-11
4. View Results (Cont.)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID.
| DV. ID.
| LABEL | INITIAL
:
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
10
| AREAHB | 1.0000E+02 : 1.7973E+02 : 3.2351E+02 : 5.8310E+02 : 1.0496E+03 : 1.8946E+03 :
2
|
20
| AREAC1 | 5.0000E+01 : 9.0000E+01 : 1.6200E+02 : 2.9074E+02 : 5.2333E+02 : 9.4199E+02 :
3
|
30
| AREAC2 | 1.5000E+02 : 2.7000E+02 : 4.8600E+02 : 8.7480E+02 : 1.5746E+03 : 2.8344E+03 :
4
|
40
| IHB
| 1.0000E+07 : 1.0000E+07 : 1.0000E+07 : 1.0000E+07 : 1.0038E+07 : 1.0363E+07 :
5
|
50
| IC1
| 1.0000E+06 : 1.0000E+06 : 1.0000E+06 : 1.0000E+06 : 1.8000E+06 : 3.2401E+06 :
6
|
60
| IC2
| 3.0000E+06 : 3.0000E+06 : 3.0000E+06 : 3.0000E+06 : 3.6348E+06 : 6.5427E+06 :
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID.
| DV. ID.
| LABEL |
6
:
7
:
8
:
9
:
10
:
11
:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
10
| AREAHB | 1.8946E+03 : 9.2515E+02 : 8.5986E+02 : 8.5986E+02 :
2
|
20
| AREAC1 | 1.6956E+03 : 3.0520E+03 : 5.0000E+03 : 5.0000E+03 :
3
|
30
| AREAC2 | 5.0000E+03 : 5.0000E+03 : 5.0000E+03 : 5.0000E+03 :
4
|
40
| IHB
| 1.0694E+07 : 1.0694E+07 : 1.0694E+07 : 1.0694E+07 :
5
|
50
| IC1
| 5.0565E+06 : 5.0566E+06 : 5.0567E+06 : 5.0567E+06 :
6
|
60
| IC2
| 7.9001E+06 : 7.9002E+06 : 7.9003E+06 : 7.9003E+06 :
WS3-12
Moment of Inertia
Figure 3.1 Objective Function

Figure 3.2 Design Variables (Moment of Inertia)

WS3-13
Figure 3.3 Design Variables (Area)

WS3-14

The completed MSC.NASTRAN input file for PART B is shown below:
$
soln3b.dat
$
ID MSC, D200X10
TIME 5
SOL 200
CEND
TITLE
SUBTITLE = PORTAL FRAME SUBJECT TO HORIZONTAL LOAD PARTIAL SCALING
ECHO
= SORT
SPC
= 10
SET 10 = 1,5
DISP
= 10
ANALYSIS = STATICS
DESOBJ = 700
SUBCASE 1
LOAD = 1
BEGIN BULK
PARAM,POST,-1
PARAM
AUTOSPC YES
PARAM
GRDPNT 0
$
$
MAT1
1
69000.0
0.30000 2.798-6
SPC1
10
123456 9
13
FORCE
1
5
10000.0 1.00000 0.00000 0.00000
$
GRID
1
500.0
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
2
250.0
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
3
0.000
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
4
-250.0 1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
5
-500.0 1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
6
-500.0 750.00 0.00000
345
GRID
7
-500.0 500.00 0.00000
345
GRID
8
-500.0 250.00 0.00000
345
GRID
9
-500.0 0.0000 0.00000
GRID
10
500.0
750.00 0.00000
345
GRID
11
500.0
500.00 0.00000
345
GRID
12
500.0
250.00 0.00000
345
GRID
13
500.00 0.00000 0.00000
(Cont.)
WS3-15
6. Generate an Input File for MSC.NASTRAN Users (Cont.)

The completed MSC.NASTRAN input file for PART B is shown below (Cont.):
CBAR
1
1
1
2
0.000
CBAR
2
1
2
3
0.000
CBAR
3
1
3
4
0.000
CBAR
4
1
4
5
0.000
CBAR
5
2
5
6
1.00000
CBAR
6
2
6
7
1.00000
CBAR
7
2
7
8
1.00000
CBAR
8
2
8
9
1.00000
CBAR
9
3
1
10
1.00000
CBAR
10
3
10
11
1.00000
CBAR
11
3
11
12
1.00000
CBAR
12
3
12
13
1.00000
PBAR
1
1
100.
1.+7
1.+7
PBAR
2
1
50.
1.+6
1.+6
PBAR
3
1
150.
0.3+7
3.+6
$
$
DESVAR,20,AREAC1,50.0,0.05,5000.0
DESVAR,30,AREAC2,150.0,0.05,5000.0
DESVAR,40,IHB,10.E6,0.1,1.0E9
DESVAR,50,IC1,1.E6,0.1,1.0E9
DESVAR,60,IC2,3.E6,0.1,1.0E9
$
$
$
$
DVPREL1,100,PBAR,1,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPA
+DVPA,10,1.0
DVPREL1,200,PBAR,2,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPB
+DVPB,20,1.0
DVPREL1,300,PBAR,3,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPC
+DVPC,30,1.0
DVPREL1,400,PBAR,1,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPD
+DVPD,40,1.0
DVPREL1,500,PBAR,2,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPE
+DVPE,50,1.0
DVPREL1,600,PBAR,3,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPF
+DVPF,60,1.0
(Cont.)
WS3-16
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.+7
1.+7
1.+7
---
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

The completed MSC.NASTRAN input file for PART B is shown below (Cont.):
$
$
DRESP1,200,VD1,DISP,,11,2,,1
DRESP1,300,RD1,DISP,,12,6,,1
DRESP1,400,HD5,DISP,,20,1,,5
DRESP1,500,VD5,DISP,,21,2,,5
DRESP1,600,RD5,DISP,,22,6,,5
$
$
$
+DRESP2B,DRESP1,100,200,300,400,500,600
$
$
$234567812345678
DEQATN 10
+
+
=( (1.-U1/T1)**2 + (1.-U2/T2)**2 + (1.-U3/T3)**2 +
+
+
(1.-U4/T4)**2 + (1.-U5/T5)**2 + (1.-U6/T6)**2 )/1.e-3
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
DTABLE*
T1
9.1449
E-01
T2
*
T3
-9.7538
E-04
T4
*
T5
9.56418E-02 T6
-1.0012
*
$
$
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
DOPTPRM DESMAX 20
DELP
.8
DPMIN
.1
ENDDATA
WS3-17
8
9
-9.56418E-02
1.068138
+
E-03
+
10
+
wkshp3b scr=yes. Monitor the run using the UNIX ps command:
WS3-18
8. View Results
When the run is completed, edit the wkshp3b.f06 file and search for the word FATAL. If no
While still editing wkshp3b.f06, search for the word H I S T O R Y. Compare the results obtained
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
7
6

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CYCLE
NUMBER
OBJECTIVE FROM
APPROXIMATE
OPTIMIZATION
OBJECTIVE FROM
EXACT
ANALYSIS
FRACTIONAL ERROR
OF
APPROXIMATION
MAXIMUM VALUE
OF
CONSTRAINT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
1.865449E+05
N/A
1
6.939589E+04
6.605289E+04
5.061096E-02
N/A
2.876406E+04
2.817723E+04
2.082625E-02
N/A
1.769462E+04
1.761205E+04
4.688396E-03
N/A
1.516328E+04
1.515656E+04
4.434832E-04
N/A
1.484496E+04
1.484487E+04
6.052176E-06
N/A
1.484487E+04
1.484487E+04
0.000000E+00
N/A
WS3-19

1
DISPLACEMENT MATCHING EXERCISE

JANUARY 30, 2003 MSC.NASTRAN 4/ 9/01 PAGE
PORTAL FRAME SUBJECT TO HORIZONTAL LOAD PARTIAL SCALING
40
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID.
| DV. ID.
| LABEL | INITIAL
:
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
10
| AREAHB | 1.0000E+02 : 1.8000E+02 : 3.2379E+02 : 5.8282E+02 : 1.0491E+03 : 1.1104E+03 :
2
|
20
| AREAC1 | 5.0000E+01 : 8.9982E+01 : 1.6189E+02 : 2.9140E+02 : 5.2451E+02 : 8.5592E+02 :
3
|
30
| AREAC2 | 1.5000E+02 : 2.7000E+02 : 4.8600E+02 : 8.7480E+02 : 8.9565E+02 : 8.8249E+02 :
4
|
40
| IHB
| 1.0000E+07 : 1.0000E+07 : 1.0000E+07 : 1.0000E+07 : 1.0000E+07 : 1.0000E+07 :
5
|
50
| IC1
| 1.0000E+06 : 1.0000E+06 : 1.0000E+06 : 1.0000E+06 : 1.0000E+06 : 1.0001E+06 :
6
|
60
| IC2
| 3.0000E+06 : 3.0000E+06 : 3.0000E+06 : 3.0000E+06 : 3.0000E+06 : 3.0000E+06 :
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID.
| DV. ID.
| LABEL |
6
:
7
:
8
:
9
:
10
:
11
:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
10
| AREAHB | 1.1104E+03 :
2
|
20
| AREAC1 | 8.5592E+02 :
3
|
30
| AREAC2 | 8.8249E+02 :
4
|
40
| IHB
| 1.0000E+07 :
5
|
50
| IC1
| 1.0001E+06 :
6
|
60
| IC2
| 3.0000E+06 :
WS3-20
Area
Objective Function
9. XY Plot of Design Results
WS3-21
Moment of Inertia
9. XY Plot of Design Results (Cont.)
Figure 3.6 Design Variables (Moment of Inertia)

WS3-22
10. Generate an Input File for Part C

Generate an input file called wkshp3c.dat using wkshp3b.dat as a starting point. The completed
MSC.Nastran input file for PART C is shown below.
$
soln3c.dat
ID MSC, D200X10
TIME 5
SOL 200
CEND
TITLE
SUBTITLE = PORTAL FRAME SUBJECT TO HORIZONTAL LOAD FULL
ECHO
= SORT
SPC
= 10
SET 10 = 1,5
DISP
= 10
ANALYSIS = STATICS
DESOBJ = 700
SUBCASE 1
LOAD = 1
BEGIN BULK
PARAM,POST,-1
PARAM
AUTOSPC YES
PARAM
GRDPNT 0
MAT1
1
69000.0
0.30000 2.798-6
SPC1
10
123456 9
13
FORCE
1
5
10000.0 1.00000 0.00000
GRID
1
500.0
1000.0 0.00000
GRID
2
250.0
1000.0 0.00000
GRID
3
0.000
1000.0 0.00000
GRID
4
-250.0 1000.0 0.00000
GRID
5
-500.0 1000.0 0.00000
GRID
6
-500.0 750.00 0.00000
GRID
7
-500.0 500.00 0.00000
GRID
8
-500.0 250.00 0.00000
GRID
9
-500.0 0.0000 0.00000
GRID
10
500.0
750.00 0.00000
GRID
11
500.0
500.00 0.00000
GRID
12
500.0
250.00 0.00000
GRID
13
500.00 0.00000 0.00000
(Cont.)
WS3-23
SCALING
0.00000
345
345
345
345
345
345
345
345
345
345
345
10. Generate an Input File for Part C (Cont.)

CBAR
1
1
1
2
0.000
CBAR
2
1
2
3
0.000
CBAR
3
1
3
4
0.000
CBAR
4
1
4
5
0.000
CBAR
5
2
5
6
1.00000
CBAR
6
2
6
7
1.00000
CBAR
7
2
7
8
1.00000
CBAR
8
2
8
9
1.00000
CBAR
9
3
1
10
1.00000
CBAR
10
3
10
11
1.00000
CBAR
11
3
11
12
1.00000
CBAR
12
3
12
13
1.00000
PBAR
1
1
100.
1.+7
1.+7
PBAR
2
1
50.
1.+6
1.+6
PBAR
3
1
150.
0.3+7
3.+6
$
$
--- Design Variables --$ Note these are unit design variables
$ You will have to scale final dvs by coeff.
$
DESVAR,10,AREAHB,1.0,0.05,5000.0
DESVAR,20,AREAC1,1.0,0.05,5000.0
DESVAR,30,AREAC2,1.0,0.05,5000.0
DESVAR,40,IHB,1.0,0.1,1.0E9
DESVAR,50,IC1,1.0,0.1,1.0E9
DESVAR,60,IC2,1.0,0.1,1.0E9
$
$
DVPREL1,100,PBAR,1,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPA
+DVPA,10,100.0
DVPREL1,200,PBAR,2,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPB
+DVPB,20,50.0
DVPREL1,300,PBAR,3,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPC
+DVPC,30,150.0
DVPREL1,400,PBAR,1,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPD
+DVPD,40,10.0E6
DVPREL1,500,PBAR,2,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPE
+DVPE,50,1.0E6
DVPREL1,600,PBAR,3,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPF
+DVPF,60,3.0E6
$
(Cont.)
WS3-24
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.+7
1.+7
1.+7
---
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10. Generate an Input File for Part C (Cont.)

$
DRESP1,200,VD1,DISP,,11,2,,1
DRESP1,300,RD1,DISP,,12,6,,1
DRESP1,400,HD5,DISP,,20,1,,5
DRESP1,500,VD5,DISP,,21,2,,5
DRESP1,600,RD5,DISP,,22,6,,5
$
$
$
+DRESP2B,DRESP1,100,200,300,400,500,600
$
$
DEQATN 10
+
+
=( (1.-U1/T1)**2 + (1.-U2/T2)**2 + (1.-U3/T3)**2 +
+
+
(1.-U4/T4)**2 + (1.-U5/T5)**2 + (1.-U6/T6)**2 )/1.e-3
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
DTABLE* T1
9.1449 E-01
T2
-9.56418E-02
+
*
T3
-9.7538 E-04
T4
1.068138
+
*
T5
9.56418E-02
T6
-1.0012 E-03
+
*
$
$
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
$DOPTPRM
DESMAX 20
$ TRY THE ABOVE DOPTRM AND CHECK OUT DISPLACEMENTS
DOPTPRM DESMAX 20
DELP
.8
DPMIN
.1
ENDDATA
WS3-25
wkshp3c scr=yes. Monitor the run using the UNIX ps command:
WS3-26
12. View Results

When the run is completed, edit the wkshp3c.f06 file and search for the word FATAL. If no
While still editing wkshp3c.f06, search for the word H I S T O R Y. Compare the results obtained
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
9
8

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CYCLE
NUMBER
OBJECTIVE FROM
APPROXIMATE
OPTIMIZATION
OBJECTIVE FROM
EXACT
ANALYSIS
FRACTIONAL ERROR
OF
APPROXIMATION
MAXIMUM VALUE
OF
CONSTRAINT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
1.865449E+05
N/A
1
4.232678E+04
4.241914E+04
-2.177304E-03
N/A
7.577117E+03
7.575919E+03
1.581646E-04
N/A
5.201516E+02
5.231237E+02
-5.681461E-03
N/A
9.432918E-01
9.702917E+00
-9.027827E-01
N/A
1.355735E-01
1.405151E-01
-3.516783E-02
N/A
9.525458E-03
9.895544E-03
-3.739927E-02
N/A
1.627936E-03
1.637489E-03
-5.833745E-03
N/A
1.637489E-03
1.637489E-03
0.000000E+00
N/A
WS3-27
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 DISPLACEMENT MATCHING EXERCISE

FEBRUARY 2, 2003 MSC.NASTRAN 4/ 9/01 PAGE 44
PORTAL FRAME SUBJECT TO HORIZONTAL LOAD FULL SCALING
0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID.
| DV. ID.
| LABEL |
INITIAL :
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
10
| AREAHB | 1.0000E+00 : 1.8050E+00 : 2.2652E+00 : 3.0206E+00 : 3.9787E+00 : 4.5504E+00 :
2
|
20
| AREAC1 | 1.0000E+00 : 1.8000E+00 : 3.2400E+00 : 5.8320E+00 : 1.0428E+01 : 9.9861E+00 :
3
|
30
| AREAC2 | 1.0000E+00 : 1.8000E+00 : 3.2400E+00 : 3.3271E+00 : 3.3415E+00 : 3.3361E+00 :
4
|
40
| IHB
| 1.0000E+00 : 3.9561E-01 : 4.0617E-01 : 4.3794E-01 :
5.0588E-01 : 5.0065E-01 :
5
|
50
| IC1
| 1.0000E+00 : 1.8000E+00 : 3.2400E+00 : 5.8320E+00 : 9.9729E+00 : 9.7681E+00 :
6
|
60
| IC2
| 1.0000E+00 : 1.7936E+00 : 3.2265E+00 : 5.8238E+00 : 5.5588E+00 : 5.0858E+00 :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID.
| DV. ID.
| LABEL |
6
:
7
:
8
:
9
:
10
:
11
:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
10
| AREAHB | 4.9180E+00 : 4.9465E+00 : 4.9465E+00 :
2
|
20
| AREAC1 | 9.9741E+00 : 1.0000E+01 : 1.0000E+01 :
3
|
30
| AREAC2 | 3.3274E+00 : 3.3336E+00 : 3.3336E+00 :
4
|
40
| IHB
| 4.9824E-01 : 5.0008E-01 : 5.0008E-01 :
5
|
50
| IC1
| 9.9808E+00 : 9.9722E+00 : 9.9722E+00 :
6
|
60
| IC2
| 5.0439E+00 : 5.0102E+00 : 5.0102E+00 :
WS3-28
Area
Objective Function


WS3-29
Moment Of Inertia

WS3-30
WORKSHOP 4
CALCULATION OF DESIGN SENSITIVITY
COEFFICIENTS
Objective: Calculate the design sensitivity coefficients for the following spring/mass
system
WS4-1
WS4-2
Model Description
Design Variables Spring constants K1, K2, K3

- Damping Coefficients GE1, GE2, GE3
Constraints:
Displacements at Grid 1 (X direction) 0.2 m
Note:
For frequency responses, the default output is in terms of real and imaginary format. If the
magnitude/phase format is needed, use DISP( PHASE ) = n.
WS4-3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Generate an input file for MSC.Nastran Users.

Compare the MSC.Nastran Input File.
View Results
Perform Finite Difference Check
Changing DESVAR value.
View Results
WS4-4

Generate an input file using the data from pages 4-3 and 4-4. Use the following input file as a starting
point.
$
$ wkshp4.dat
$
TIME 5
SOL 200 $
CEND
TITLE=TWO MASS DIRECT FREQUENCY SENSITIVITY
D108G7v
DISPL(PHASE) = ALL
$
$ ADD THE REST OF THE CASE CONTROL
$
.
.
$
BEGIN BULK
$
$ ANALYTICAL MODEL
$
CELAS1 20
20
1
1
CELAS1 21
21
1
1
2
1
CELAS1 22
22
2
1
CONM2 10
1
1.
CONM2 11
2
2.
DAREA 201
1
1
100. 2
1
100.
FREQ 100 4.0 6.0
GRID 1
1.
0.
0.
23456
GRID 2
2.
0.
0.
23456
MAT1 200 1.0E7
0.3 0.1
PELAS 20
1.0E3
PELAS 21
1.5E3
PELAS 22
2.0E3
RLOAD1 200 201
210
TABLED1 210
1.
1.
10. 1.
ENDT
$
$ ADD DESIGN MODEL BELOW
$
.
.
$
ENDDATA
WS4-5

$
$ soln4.dat
$
TIME 5
SOL 200 $
CEND
TITLE=TWO
MASS
DIRECT
FREQUENCY
D108G7v
DISPL(PHASE) = ALL
SUBCASE 2
DESSUB = 2
ANALYSIS = DFREQ
FREQ = 100
DLOAD = 200
dsaprt(end=sens) = all
BEGIN BULK
$
CELAS1 20
20
1
1
CELAS1 21
21
1
1
2
1
CELAS1 22
22
2
1
CONM2 10
1
1.
CONM2 11
2
2.
DAREA 201 1
1
100. 2
1
100.
DCONSTR 2
10
-2.0E-1 -2.0E-1
DESVAR 1
K1
1.0E3 1.0E2 1.0E4
DESVAR 2
K2
1.5E3 1.5E2 1.5E4
DESVAR
DESVAR
DESVAR
DESVAR
SENSITIVITY
3
4
5
6
DRESP1 10
2
DVPREL1 1
1
1.0
DVPREL1 2
2
1.0
DVPREL1 3
3
1.0
DVPREL1 4
4
1.0
DVPREL1 5
5
1.0
DVPREL1 6
6
1.0
FREQ 100
GRID 1
GRID 2
MAT1 200
PELAS 20
PELAS 21
PELAS 22
RLOAD1 200
TABLED1 210
1.
1.
ENDDATA
(Contd)
WS4-6
K3
2.0E3 2.0E2 2.0E4
GE1 .1
.05 .15
GE2 .1
.05 .15
GE3 .1
.05 .15
U1
FRDISP
PELAS 20
1.0E3
PELAS 21
1.5E3
PELAS 22
2.0E3
PELAS 20
.05
PELAS 21
.05
PELAS 22
.05
4.0
1.
2.
1.0E7
1.0E3
1.5E3
2.0E3
201
10.
6.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.3
23456
23456
0.1
210
1.
ENDT
Find an available UNIX shell window and at the command prompt enter nastran
wkshp4 scr=yes. Monitor the run using the UNIX ps command.
WS4-7
4. View Results
When the run is completed, edit the wkshp4.f06 file and search for the word FATAL. If no matches
exist, search for the word WARNING. Determine whether existing WARNING messages
While still editing wkshp4.f06, search for the word M A T R I X.
WS4-8
5. Perform Finite Difference Check
5. Perform a finite difference check of the results by:

a. Change the value of DESVAR 1 to 1.1E3
b. Set PARAM, OPTEXIT, 3 to exit after finite element analysis and
constraint evaluation.
c. Submit the run and determine the response of f = 4.0 hz, grid 1,
component 1. Lets call this RPERT.
d. Compute a finite difference sensitivity
R RPERT RBASE
=
X 1.1E 3 1.0 E 3
e. Compare with the computed sensitivity.
WS4-9
6. Changing DESVAR value

Repeat Step 5 by setting DESVAR 1 to 1.1E3
WS4-10
7. View Results
Compare the results obtained in the .f06 file with the following:
****************************************************************************
*
*
*
DESIGN
SENSITIVITY
MATRIX
*
*
*
OUTPUT
*
*
RESPONSE
SENSITIVITY
COEFFICIENTS *
*
****************************************************************************
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRESP1 ID=
10
RESPONSE TYPE= FRDISP
GRID ID=
COMP NO=
SEID=
SUBCASE RESP VALUE FREQ/TIME DESIGN VARIABLE COEFFICIENT DESIGN VARIABLE COEFFICIENT DESIGN VARIABLE COEFFICIENT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.8718E-01 4.0000E+00
4 GE1
2 1.3771E-01 6.0000E+00
4 GE1
1 K1
-2.0951E-04
-4.8650E-02
1 K1
5 GE2
5.1171E-05
-3.3135E-02
5 GE2
2 K2
-7.1772E-06
9.2470E-05
2 K2
3 K3
6 GE3
1.2517E-05
1.2923E-02
-1.2402E-04
-7.5393E-02
3 K3
6 GE3
1.5027E-04
-2.5227E-02
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRESP1 ID=
10
GRID ID=
COMP NO=
SEID=
SUBCASE RESP VALUE FREQ/TIME DESIGN VARIABLE COEFFICIENT DESIGN VARIABLE COEFFICIENT DESIGN VARIABLE COEFFICIENT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.6842E-01 4.0000E+00
4 GE1
2 1.6226E-01 6.0000E+00
4 GE1
1 K1
-1.3863E-04
-3.7918E-02
1 K1
1.2268E-04
-2.9513E-02
5 GE2
5 GE2
2 K2
3.5824E-06
-1.2604E-04
2 K2
3 K3
6 GE3
-6.5162E-06
-5.7992E-03
-1.5645E-04
-7.9682E-02
3 K3
6 GE3
1.0405E-04
-6.2802E-02
WS4-11
WS4-12
WORKSHOP 5
MODE TRACKING EXERCISE
Objective: Keep track of the mode shapes for the first ten modes of the following fixedfixed beam.
WS5-1
WS5-2
Model Description
Objective Function Weight Minimization.
Design Variables = B, H
Constraints:
Eigenvalue Allowable:
9.8696 < 1 < 11.942

39.4784 < 2 < 43.525
WS5-3
Exercise Procedure
Part A
For this exercise, define the BAR property using the PBAR entry and
specify the constraints using eigenvalues. Keep track of the mode shapes
for the first ten modes. The design variables are width (b) and height (h).
The properties on the PBAR entries are defined using the area (A) and
moment of inertia (I). They are related by the following equations:
b * h3
I=
12
A = b* h
Use DVPREL2 to relate A, I, b and h by writing the equations given.
Part B
Redo the previous exercise defining the BAR property using the PBARL entry. Specify
the constraints using the frequencies shown below.
Eigenvalue Allowable:
0.50 < f1 < 0.55

1.0
WS5-4
< f2 < 1.05

Generate an input file for Part A using the data from pages 5-3 and 5-5. Use the following input file as a
starting point.
$
wkshp5a.dat
$
TIME 10
SOL 200
CEND
$
INPUT CASE CONTROL
$
.
.
.
$
BEGIN BULK
param,post,-1
$
$-----------------------------------------------------------$ ANALYSIS MODEL:
$-----------------------------------------------------------$
$...FIXED-FIXED CANTILEVER, TWO PLANES OF MOTION:
GRID,
10,
,
0.,
0.,
0.,
,
123456
GRID,
11,
,
10.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
12,
,
20.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
13,
,
30.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
14,
,
40.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
15,
,
50.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
16,
,
60.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
17,
,
70.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
18,
,
80.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
19,
,
90.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
20,
,
100.,
0.,
0.,
,
123456
GRID,
21,
,
0.,
1.,
0.,
,
123456
$
CBAR,
CBAR,
CBAR,
CBAR,
CBAR,
CBAR,
CBAR,
CBAR,
CBAR,
CBAR,
$
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
30,
30,
30,
30,
30,
30,
30,
30,
30,
30,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
PBAR,
30,
40,
0.5,
1.042E-2,4.167E-2
$
MAT1,
40,
1.0E+7, ,
0.33,
0.1
$
$IGRL
SID
V1
V2
ND
EIGRL, 50,
,
,
10
$
$-----------------------------------------------------$ DESIGN MODEL:
$-----------------------------------------------------$
$
INPUT DESIGN MODEL
$
.
.
.
$
ENDDATA
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
WS5-5

The completed MSC.NASTRAN input file for PART A is shown below:
$
$ soln5a.dat
$
TIME 10
SOL 200
CEND
analysis = MODES
dessub = 100
desobj(min) = 203
METHOD = 50
DISPL = ALL
MODTRAK=10
BEGIN BULK
PARAM,POST,-1
PARAM, NASPRT, 1
$-----------------------------------------------------------------$ ANALYSIS MODEL:
$-----------------------------------------------------------------$...FIXED-FIXED BEAM , TWO PLANES OF MOTION:
GRID, 10, ,
0., 0., 0., ,
123456
GRID, 11, ,
10., 0., 0., ,
4
GRID, 12, ,
20., 0., 0., ,
4
GRID, 13, ,
30., 0., 0., ,
4
GRID, 14, ,
40., 0., 0., ,
4
GRID, 15, ,
50., 0., 0., ,
4
GRID, 16, ,
60., 0., 0., ,
4
GRID, 17, ,
70., 0., 0., ,
4
GRID, 18, ,
80., 0., 0., ,
4
GRID, 19, ,
90., 0., 0., ,
4
GRID, 20, ,
100., 0., 0., ,
123456
GRID, 21, ,
0., 1., 0., ,
123456
$
CBAR, 1,
30, 10, 11, 21
CBAR, 2,
30, 11, 12, 21
CBAR, 3,
30, 12, 13, 21
CBAR, 4,
30, 13, 14, 21
CBAR, 5,
30, 14, 15, 21
CBAR, 6,
30, 15, 16, 21
CBAR, 7,
30, 16, 17, 21
CBAR, 8,
30, 17, 18, 21
CBAR, 9,
30, 18, 19, 21
CBAR, 10, 30, 19, 20, 21
(Contd)
WS5-6

$
PBAR,
30,
40,
0.5,
1.042E-2,4.167E-2
$
MAT1,
40,
1.0E+7, ,
0.33,
0.1
$
$IGRL
SID
V1
V2
ND
EIGRL, 50,
,
,
10
$
$--------------------------------------------------------------------$ DESIGN MODEL:
$--------------------------------------------------------------------$
$ MODE TRACKING INPUT DATA:
$
$
MODTRAK 10
1
10
0.8
$
$...design variables, b & h (cross-sectional dimensions):
DESVAR, 101,
B,
0.5,
0.1,
2.0
DESVAR, 102,
H,
1.0,
0.1,
2.0
$
$...relate to changes in cross-sectional properties:
DVPREL2,110,
PBAR,
30,
4,
1.E-3, ,
121,
,
+,
DESVAR, 101,
102
DVPREL2,111,
PBAR,
30,
5,
1.E-3, ,
122,
,
+,
DESVAR, 102,
101
DVPREL2,112,
PBAR,
30,
6,
1.E-3, ,
122,
,
+,
DESVAR, 101,
102
DEQATN 121
A(B,H) = B*H
$ ...equations for
DEQATN 122
I(B,H) = B*H**3/12.
$ rectangular sections
$
$...specify first two eigenvalues as design responses:
DRESP1, 201,
LAMBDA1,EIGN,
,
,
1
DRESP1, 202,
LAMBDA2,EIGN,
,
,
2
$
$...and constrain them.
DCONSTR,100,
202,
9.8696 11.942 $
DCONSTR,100,
201,
39.4784 43.525 $
$
$...define weight minimization as the objective
DRESP1, 203,
W,
WEIGHT
$
doptprm,desmax, 10, p1,1,p2,15
ENDDATA
WS5-7
+
+
+
wkshp5a scr=yes. Monitor the run using the UNIX ps command.
WS5-8
4. View Results
When the run is completed, edit the wkshp5a.f06 file and search for the word FATAL. If no
While still editing wkshp5a.f06, search for the word T R A C K I N G. Compare the results
obtained in the .f06 file with the following:
*******************************************
*
*
*
D E S I G N O P T I M I Z A T I O N *
*
*
*
M O D E T R A C K I N G
*
*
*
*******************************************
***
----------------------------------------DESIGN CYCLE
2
|
-----------------------------------------
MODES FOR THIS SUBCASE IN THE CURRENT DESIGN CYCLE HAVE SUCCESSFULLY BEEN TRACKED
***
FOLLOWING IS A SUMMARY OF MODE TRACKING ACTIVITY WHERE:

INITIAL ORDER - MODE NUMBERS FROM INITIAL DESIGN, AS IDENTIFIED IN THE DESIGN MODEL
TRACKED AS
- MODE NUMBERS AS TRACKED IN THE CURRENT DESIGN CYCLE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| INITIAL ORDER |
1 |
2 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| TRACKED AS
|
2 |
1 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WS5-9

While still editing wkshp5a.f06, search for the word H I S T O R Y. Compare the results obtained
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
6
5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CYCLE
NUMBER
OBJECTIVE FROM
APPROXIMATE
OPTIMIZATION
OBJECTIVE FROM
EXACT
ANALYSIS
FRACTIONAL ERROR
OF
APPROXIMATION
MAXIMUM VALUE
OF
CONSTRAINT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
5.000000E+00
2.492728E+00
4.607644E+00
4.607709E+00
-1.417769E-05
5.051959E-01
4.311850E+00
4.311832E+00
4.091758E-06
1.564965E-01
4.903461E+00
4.903383E+00
1.575394E-05
-2.610680E-03
4.753918E+00
4.753890E+00
5.817668E-06
-2.618990E-03
5
4.753890E+00
4.753890E+00
0.000000E+00
-2.618990E-03
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
FEBRUARY
2, 2003 MSC.NASTRAN 4/ 9/01
PAGE
126
0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID. | DV. ID. | LABEL | INITIAL
:
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
101
|
B
| 5.0000E-01 :
7.0189E-01 :
9.6514E-01 :
9.7415E-01 :
9.7415E-01 :
9.7415E-01 :
2
|
102
|
H
| 1.0000E+00 :
6.5647E-01 :
4.4676E-01 :
5.0335E-01 :
4.8800E-01 :
4.8800E-01 :
WS5-10
Dimensions
Objective Function

Figure 5.2 Design Variables

WS5-11
Figure 5.3 Maximum Constraint

WS5-12

Generate an input file for Part B using the data from pages 5-3 and 5-5. Use the following input file as a
starting point.
$ wkshp5b.dat
TIME 10
SOL 200
CEND
$
INPUT CASE CONTROL
.
.
.
BEGIN BULK
param,post,-1
$--------------------------------------------------------------------$ ANALYSIS MODEL:
$--------------------------------------------------------------------$...FIXED-FIXED CANTILEVER, TWO PLANES OF MOTION:
GRID,
10,
,
0.,
0.,
0.,
,
123456
GRID,
11,
,
10.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
12,
,
20.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
13,
,
30.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
14,
,
40.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
15,
,
50.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
16,
,
60.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
17,
,
70.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
18,
,
80.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
19,
,
90.,
0.,
0.,
,
4
GRID,
20,
,
100.,
0.,
0.,
,
123456
GRID,
21,
,
0.,
1.,
0.,
,
123456
$
CBAR,
1,
30,
10,
11,
21
CBAR,
2,
30,
11,
12,
21
CBAR,
3,
30,
12,
13,
21
CBAR,
4,
30,
13,
14,
21
CBAR,
5,
30,
14,
15,
21
CBAR,
6,
30,
15,
16,
21
CBAR,
7,
30,
16,
17,
21
CBAR,
8,
30,
17,
18,
21
CBAR,
9,
30,
18,
19,
21
CBAR,
10,
30,
19,
20,
21
PBAR,
30,
40,
0.5,
1.042E-2,4.167E-2
MAT1,
40,
1.0E+7, ,
0.33,
0.1
$
$IGRL
SID
V1
V2
ND
EIGRL, 50,
,
,
10
$--------------------------------------------------------------------$ DESIGN MODEL:
$--------------------------------------------------------------------$
INPUT DESIGN MODEL
.
.
.
$
ENDDATA
WS5-13

The completed MSC.NASTRAN input file for PART B is shown below:
$
soln3b.dat
ID MSC, D200X10
TIME 5
SOL 200
CEND
TITLE
SUBTITLE = PORTAL FRAME SUBJECT TO HORIZONTAL LOAD PARTIAL SCALING
ECHO
= SORT
SPC
= 10
SET 10 = 1,5
DISP
= 10
ANALYSIS = STATICS
DESOBJ = 700
SUBCASE 1
LOAD = 1
BEGIN BULK
PARAM,POST,-1
PARAM
AUTOSPC YES
PARAM
GRDPNT 0
MAT1
1
69000.0
0.30000 2.798-6
SPC1
10
123456 9
13
FORCE
1
5
10000.0 1.00000 0.00000 0.00000
$
GRID
1
500.0
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
2
250.0
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
3
0.000
1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
4
-250.0 1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
5
-500.0 1000.0 0.00000
345
GRID
6
-500.0 750.00 0.00000
345
GRID
7
-500.0 500.00 0.00000
345
GRID
8
-500.0 250.00 0.00000
345
GRID
9
-500.0 0.0000 0.00000
GRID
10
500.0
750.00 0.00000
345
GRID
11
500.0
500.00 0.00000
345
GRID
12
500.0
250.00 0.00000
345
GRID
13
500.00 0.00000 0.00000
(Cont.)
WS5-14

CBAR
1
1
1
2
0.000
CBAR
2
1
2
3
0.000
CBAR
3
1
3
4
0.000
CBAR
4
1
4
5
0.000
CBAR
5
2
5
6
1.00000
CBAR
6
2
6
7
1.00000
CBAR
7
2
7
8
1.00000
CBAR
8
2
8
9
1.00000
CBAR
9
3
1
10
1.00000
CBAR
10
3
10
11
1.00000
CBAR
11
3
11
12
1.00000
CBAR
12
3
12
13
1.00000
PBAR
1
1
100.
1.+7
1.+7
PBAR
2
1
50.
1.+6
1.+6
PBAR
3
1
150.
0.3+7
3.+6
$
$
DESVAR,20,AREAC1,50.0,0.05,5000.0
DESVAR,30,AREAC2,150.0,0.05,5000.0
DESVAR,40,IHB,10.E6,0.1,1.0E9
DESVAR,50,IC1,1.E6,0.1,1.0E9
DESVAR,60,IC2,3.E6,0.1,1.0E9
$
$
$
$
DVPREL1,100,PBAR,1,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPA
+DVPA,10,1.0
DVPREL1,200,PBAR,2,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPB
+DVPB,20,1.0
DVPREL1,300,PBAR,3,4,5.0,,0.0,,+DVPC
+DVPC,30,1.0
DVPREL1,400,PBAR,1,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPD
+DVPD,40,1.0
DVPREL1,500,PBAR,2,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPE
+DVPE,50,1.0
DVPREL1,600,PBAR,3,5,1.0,,0.0,,+DVPF
+DVPF,60,1.0
(Cont.)
WS5-15
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.+7
1.+7
1.+7
---
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

$
$
DRESP1,200,VD1,DISP,,11,2,,1
DRESP1,300,RD1,DISP,,12,6,,1
DRESP1,400,HD5,DISP,,20,1,,5
DRESP1,500,VD5,DISP,,21,2,,5
DRESP1,600,RD5,DISP,,22,6,,5
$
$
$
+DRESP2B,DRESP1,100,200,300,400,500,600
$
$
$234567812345678
DEQATN 10
+
+
=( (1.-U1/T1)**2 + (1.-U2/T2)**2 + (1.-U3/T3)**2 +
+
+
(1.-U4/T4)**2 + (1.-U5/T5)**2 + (1.-U6/T6)**2 )/1.e-3
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
DTABLE*
T1
9.1449
E-01
T2
*
T3
-9.7538
E-04
T4
*
T5
9.56418E-02 T6
-1.0012
*
$
$
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
DOPTPRM DESMAX 20
DELP
.8
DPMIN
.1
ENDDATA
WS5-16
8
9
-9.56418E-02
1.068138
+
E-03
+
10
+
wkshp5b scr=yes. Monitor the run using the UNIX ps command.
WS5-17
8. View Results
While still editing wkshp5b.f06, search for the word H I S T O R Y. Compare the results obtained
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
7
6

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CYCLE
NUMBER
1
0
OBJECTIVE FROM
APPROXIMATE
OPTIMIZATION
OBJECTIVE FROM
EXACT
ANALYSIS
FRACTIONAL ERROR
OF
APPROXIMATION
MAXIMUM VALUE
OF
CONSTRAINT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
5.000000E+00
8.676274E-01
1
5.303037E+00
5.302987E+00
9.441453E-06
4.903070E-01
2
5.240914E+00
5.240935E+00
-4.094245E-06
1.783971E-01
3
5.092486E+00
5.092438E+00
9.457269E-06
7.903576E-04
4
4.782730E+00
4.782596E+00
2.801642E-05
7.719398E-04
5
4.733743E+00
4.733750E+00
-1.510971E-06
7.743239E-04
6
4.733750E+00
4.733750E+00
0.000000E+00
7.743239E-04
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FEBRUARY
8, 2003 MSC.NASTRAN 4/ 9/01
PAGE
153

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID. | DV. ID. | LABEL
|
INITIAL
:
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
101
|
B
|
1.0000E+00 :
7.9778E-01 :
6.3071E-01 :
5.2353E-01 :
4.9166E-01 :
4.8664E-01 :
2
|
102
|
H
|
5.0000E-01 :
6.6472E-01 :
8.3096E-01 :
9.7272E-01 :
9.7274E-01 :
9.7274E-01 :
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID. | DV. ID. | LABEL |
6
:
7
:
8
:
9
:
10
:
11
:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
101
|
B
|
4.8664E-01 :
2
|
102
|
H
|
9.7274E-01 :
WS5-18
Objective Function
Dimensions
9. XY Plot of Design Results
WS5-19
Constraints
9. XY Plot of Design Results (Cont.)
Figure 5.6 Maximum Constraints
WS5-20
WORKSHOP 6
SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF A PLANAR
CULVERT
(See seminar notes for further detailed description of the model).

WS6-1
WS6-2
Model Description
Objective Function Volume Minimization.
Constraints: Von Mises Stresses < 31,000 psi
Design Variables:
vectors.
use the Analytical Boundary Shape method to define shape basis
Hints
1.
Create an auxiliary model by putting CBAR elements around the outside edge of the culvert
model.
2.
For the auxiliary model, fix the right and top edges similar to the direct input of the shape
method.
3.
Apply the appropriate boundary conditions at the left (symmetric b.c.) and bottom edges
(fixed b.c.)
4.
Apply enforced displacements around the hold by creating seven subcases one at each
grid point around the hole.
5.
Include the proper BNDGRIDs and DVBSHAPs one DVBSHAP for each design variable.
6.
If a smoother shape is desired, reduce the size of the fractional change in the design
variable at the expense of more iterations.
WS6-3

point.
GRID, 4,, 6.00000, 0.00000,.00
GRID, 5,, 2.89464, 0.78478,.00
GRID, 6,, 3.79369, 0.75885,.00
GRID, 7,, 4.69274, 0.73293,.00
GRID, 8,, 5.59178, 0.70700,.00
GRID, 9,, 2.60164, 1.49178,.00
GRID, 10,, 3.46229, 1.46585,.00
GRID, 11,, 4.32293, 1.43993,.00
GRID, 12,, 5.18357, 1.41400,.00
GRID, 13,, 0.00000, 3.00000,.00
GRID, 14,, 0.78478, 2.89464,.00
GRID, 15,, 1.49178, 2.60164,.00
GRID, 16,, 2.12100, 2.12100,.00
GRID, 17,, 3.00578, 2.12100,.00
GRID, 18,, 3.89057, 2.12100,.00
GRID, 19,, 4.77535, 2.12100,.00
GRID, 20,, 0.00000, 3.73200,.00
GRID, 21,, 0.68985, 3.66176,.00
GRID, 22,, 1.32785, 3.46643,.00
GRID, 23,, 1.91400, 3.14600,.00
GRID, 24,, 2.67052, 3.14600,.00
GRID, 25,, 3.42704, 3.14600,.00
GRID, 26,, 4.18357, 3.14600,.00
GRID, 27,, 0.00000, 4.46400,.00
GRID, 28,, 0.59493, 4.42888,.00
GRID, 29,, 1.16393, 4.33122,.00
GRID, 30,, 1.70700, 4.17100,.00
GRID, 31,, 2.33526, 4.17100,.00
GRID, 32,, 2.96352, 4.17100,.00
GRID, 33,, 3.59178, 4.17100,.00
GRID, 34,, 0.00000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 35,, 0.50000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 36,, 1.00000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 37,, 1.50000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 38,, 2.00000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 39,, 2.50000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 40,, 3.00000, 5.19600,.00
CQUAD4, 1,101, 1, 2, 6, 5
CQUAD4, 2,101, 2, 3, 7, 6
CQUAD4, 3,101, 3, 4, 8, 7
CQUAD4, 4,101, 5, 6, 10, 9
CQUAD4, 5,101, 6, 7, 11, 10
CQUAD4, 6,101, 7, 8, 12, 11
CQUAD4, 7,101, 9, 10, 17, 16
CQUAD4, 8,101, 10, 11, 18, 17
CQUAD4, 9,101, 11, 12, 19, 18
$ wkshp6.dat
nastran q4skew=10.,q4taper=100.
$ culvert problem using the analytical boundary shape
SOL 200 $
TIME 100
CEND
TITLE=CULVERT EXAMPLE USING EXTERNAL AUXILIARY STRUCTURE
SUBTITLE=THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE
ANALYSIS = STATICS
SPC=25
LOAD=1
DISP=ALL
STRESS=all
$ call out objective function
desobj=...
$ call out design constraint
dessub=...
$ ---------------------------------------------------$ START OF AUXILIARY MODEL SUBCASE
AUXCASE
AUXMODEL = 1
TITLE = AUXILIARY MODEL
DISP=ALL
$ add auxiliary model subcases--one for each loading condition
SUBCASE..
LOAD=..
SPC =..
$
.
.
$
BEGIN BULK
$ ----------------------------------------------------$
ANALYTICAL MODEL
PARAM,POST,-1
PARAM,CDIF,NO
PARAM,NEWSEQ,-1
GRID, 1,, 3.00000, 0.00000,.00
GRID, 2,, 4.00000, 0.00000,.00
GRID, 3,, 5.00000, 0.00000,.00
WS6-4
(cont.)

Input File (cont.)
dresp1 2
von-mis stress pshell
9
DCONSTR 10
2
-3.100e43.100e4
doptprm DESMAX 25
APRCOD 1
param,nasprt,1
$
BEGIN BULK AUXMODEL = 1
$ ------------------------------------------------------$ AUXILIARY MODEL
CBAR 1
1
1
2
1.
1.
CBAR 2
1
2
3
1.
1.
CBAR 3
1
3
4
1.
1.
$
CBAR 11
1
4
8
1.
1.
CBAR 12
1
8
12
1.
1.
CBAR 13
1
12
19
1.
1.
CBAR 14
1
19
26
1.
1.
CBAR 15
1
26
33
1.
1.
CBAR 16
1
33
40
1.
1.
$
CBAR 21
1
34
35
1.
1.
CBAR 22
1
35
36
1.
1.
CBAR 23
1
36
37
1.
1.
CBAR 24
1
37
38
1.
1.
CBAR 25
1
38
39
1.
1.
CBAR 26
1
39
40
1.
1.
$
CQUAD4, 10,101, 13, 14, 21, 20

CQUAD4, 11,101, 14, 15, 22, 21
CQUAD4, 12,101, 15, 16, 23, 22
CQUAD4, 13,101, 20, 21, 28, 27
CQUAD4, 14,101, 21, 22, 29, 28
CQUAD4, 15,101, 22, 23, 30, 29
CQUAD4, 16,101, 27, 28, 35, 34
CQUAD4, 17,101, 28, 29, 36, 35
CQUAD4, 18,101, 29, 30, 37, 36
CQUAD4, 19,101, 16, 17, 24, 23
CQUAD4, 20,101, 17, 18, 25, 24
CQUAD4, 21,101, 18, 19, 26, 25
CQUAD4, 22,101, 23, 24, 31, 30
CQUAD4, 23,101, 24, 25, 32, 31
CQUAD4, 24,101, 25, 26, 33, 32
CQUAD4, 25,101, 30, 31, 38, 37
CQUAD4, 26,101, 31, 32, 39, 38
CQUAD4, 27,101, 32, 33, 40, 39
FORCE 1
34
0
1250.
-1.
FORCE 1
35
0
2500.
-1.
FORCE 1
36
0
2500.
-1.
FORCE 1
37
0
2500.
-1.
FORCE 1
38
0
2500.
-1.
FORCE 1
39
0
2500.00
-1.
FORCE 1
40
0
1250.
-1.
PSHELL,101,102,.44
MAT1,102,2.+7,,.3,0.731-3
SPC1,25,345,1,THRU,40
SPC1,25,126,1,THRU,4
spc1,25,6,6,7,10,11
spc1,25,6,17,18
spc1,25,6,21,thru,25
spc1,25,6,28,thru,32
SPC1,25,1,13,20,27,34
$-------------------------------------------------------------$ DESIGN MODEL
bndgrid,...
.
.
desvar,....
.
.
dvbshap,...
.
.
dresp1 5
volume volume
CBAR 31
1
1
5
1.
1.
CBAR 32
1
5
9
1.
1.
CBAR 33
1
9
16
1.
1.
CBAR 34
1
16
15
1.
1.
CBAR 35
1
15
14
1.
1.
CBAR 36
1
14
13
1.
1.
CBAR 41
1
13
20
1.
1.
CBAR 42
1
20
27
1.
1.
CBAR 43
1
27
34
1.
1.
PBAR 1
102 20.0 1.0 1.0
MAT1,102,2.+7,,.3,0.731-3
$ ADD AUXILIARY MODEL LOADING
$ USE ENFORCED DISPLACEMENT
.
.
.
ENDDATA
WS6-5
101

The completed MSC.Nastran input file is shown below:
BEGIN BULK
$
$
ANALYTICAL MODEL
$
PARAM,POST,-1
PARAM,CDIF,NO
PARAM,NEWSEQ,-1
GRID, 1,, 3.00000, 0.00000,.00
GRID, 2,, 4.00000, 0.00000,.00
GRID, 3,, 5.00000, 0.00000,.00
GRID, 4,, 6.00000, 0.00000,.00
GRID, 5,, 2.89464, 0.78478,.00
GRID, 6,, 3.79369, 0.75885,.00
GRID, 7,, 4.69274, 0.73293,.00
GRID, 8,, 5.59178, 0.70700,.00
GRID, 9,, 2.60164, 1.49178,.00
GRID, 10,, 3.46229, 1.46585,.00
GRID, 11,, 4.32293, 1.43993,.00
GRID, 12,, 5.18357, 1.41400,.00
GRID, 13,, 0.00000, 3.00000,.00
GRID, 14,, 0.78478, 2.89464,.00
GRID, 15,, 1.49178, 2.60164,.00
GRID, 16,, 2.12100, 2.12100,.00
GRID, 17,, 3.00578, 2.12100,.00
GRID, 18,, 3.89057, 2.12100,.00
GRID, 19,, 4.77535, 2.12100,.00
GRID, 20,, 0.00000, 3.73200,.00
GRID, 21,, 0.68985, 3.66176,.00
GRID, 22,, 1.32785, 3.46643,.00
GRID, 23,, 1.91400, 3.14600,.00
GRID, 24,, 2.67052, 3.14600,.00
GRID, 25,, 3.42704, 3.14600,.00
GRID, 26,, 4.18357, 3.14600,.00
GRID, 27,, 0.00000, 4.46400,.00
GRID, 28,, 0.59493, 4.42888,.00
GRID, 29,, 1.16393, 4.33122,.00
GRID, 30,, 1.70700, 4.17100,.00
GRID, 31,, 2.33526, 4.17100,.00
GRID, 32,, 2.96352, 4.17100,.00
GRID, 33,, 3.59178, 4.17100,.00
GRID, 34,, 0.00000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 35,, 0.50000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 36,, 1.00000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 37,, 1.50000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 38,, 2.00000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 39,, 2.50000, 5.19600,.00
GRID, 40,, 3.00000, 5.19600,.00
$
soln6.dat
$
nastran q4skew=10.,q4taper=100.
$
$
culvert problem using the analytical boundary shape
$
SOL
200 $
TIME
100
CEND
TITLE=CULVERT
EXAMPLE
USING
EXTERNAL
AUXILIARY
STRUCTURE
D200CS
SUBTITLE=THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE
ANALYSIS = STATICS
SPC=25
LOAD=1
DISP=ALL
STRESS=all
DESSUB = 10
desobj = 5
$
AUXCASE
AUXMODEL = 1
TITLE = AUXILIARY MODEL
$ SPC = 250
DISP=ALL
$
SUBCASE 1
LOAD=100
spc = 100
SUBCASE 2
LOAD=101
spc = 101
SUBCASE 3
LOAD=102
spc = 102
SUBCASE 4
LOAD=103
spc = 103
SUBCASE 5
LOAD=104
spc = 104
SUBCASE 6
LOAD=105
spc = 105
SUBCASE 7
LOAD=106
spc = 106
$
WS6-6
(cont.)

CQUAD4,
1,101,
1,
CQUAD4,
2,101,
2,
CQUAD4,
3,101,
3,
CQUAD4,
4,101,
5,
CQUAD4,
5,101,
6,
CQUAD4,
6,101,
7,
CQUAD4,
7,101,
9,
CQUAD4,
8,101,
10,
CQUAD4,
9,101,
11,
CQUAD4,
10,101,
13,
CQUAD4,
11,101,
14,
CQUAD4,
12,101,
15,
CQUAD4,
13,101,
20,
CQUAD4,
14,101,
21,
CQUAD4,
15,101,
22,
CQUAD4,
16,101,
27,
CQUAD4,
17,101,
28,
CQUAD4,
18,101,
29,
CQUAD4,
19,101,
16,
CQUAD4,
20,101,
17,
CQUAD4,
21,101,
18,
CQUAD4,
22,101,
23,
CQUAD4,
23,101,
24,
CQUAD4,
24,101,
25,
CQUAD4,
25,101,
30,
CQUAD4,
26,101,
31,
CQUAD4,
27,101,
32,
FORCE
1
34
0
FORCE
1
35
0
FORCE
1
36
0
FORCE
1
37
0
FORCE
1
38
0
FORCE
1
39
0
FORCE
1
40
0
PSHELL,101,102,.44
MAT1,102,2.+7,,.3,0.731-3
SPC1,25,345,1,THRU,40
SPC1,25,126,1,THRU,4
spc1,25,6,6,7,10,11
spc1,25,6,17,18
spc1,25,6,21,thru,25
spc1,25,6,28,thru,32
SPC1,25,1,13,20,27,34
$
$ design model
$
2,
3,
4,
6,
7,
8,
10,
11,
12,
14,
15,
16,
21,
22,
23,
28,
29,
30,
17,
18,
19,
24,
25,
26,
31,
32,
33,
6,
5
7,
6
8,
7
10,
9
11,
10
12,
11
17,
16
18,
17
19,
18
21,
20
22,
21
23,
22
28,
27
29,
28
30,
29
35,
34
36,
35
37,
36
24,
23
25,
24
26,
25
31,
30
32,
31
33,
32
38,
37
39,
38
40,
39
1250.
2500.
2500.
2500.
2500.
2500.00
1250.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
bndgrid 123456 34
thru
40
bndgrid 123456 4
8
12
bndgrid 345
1
thru
40
bndgrid 2
2
3
bndgrid 1
20
27
bndgrid 12
1
5
9
bndgrid 12
13
thru
16
$
desvar 1
b1
3.
-1.e6
desvar 2
b2
3.
-1.e6
desvar 3
b3
3.
-1.e6
desvar 4
b4
3.
-1.e6
desvar 5
b5
3.
-1.e6
desvar 6
b6
3.
-1.e6
desvar 7
b7
3.
-1.e6
$
dvbshap 1
1
1
.01
dvbshap 2
1
2
.01
dvbshap 3
1
3
.01
dvbshap 4
1
4
.01
dvbshap 5
1
5
.01
dvbshap 6
1
6
.01
dvbshap 7
1
7
.01
$
dresp1 5
volume volume
dresp1
2
von-mis stress
101
DCONSTR 10
2
-3.100e43.100e4
doptprm DESMAX 25
APRCOD 1
param,nasprt,1
$
BEGIN BULK AUXMODEL = 1
$
CBAR
1
1
1
2
CBAR
2
1
2
3
CBAR
3
1
3
4
$
CBAR
11
1
4
8
CBAR
12
1
8
12
CBAR
13
1
12
19
CBAR
14
1
19
26
CBAR
15
1
26
33
CBAR
16
1
33
40
WS6-7
19
26
33
1.e6
1.e6
1.e6
1.e6
1.e6
1.e6
1.e6
pshell
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.

$
CBAR 21
1
34
35
1.
1.
CBAR 22
1
35
36
1.
1.
CBAR 23
1
36
37
1.
1.
CBAR 24
1
37
38
1.
1.
CBAR 25
1
38
39
1.
1.
CBAR 26
1
39
40
1.
1.
$
CBAR 31
1
1
5
1.
1.
CBAR 32
1
5
9
1.
1.
CBAR 33
1
9
16
1.
1.
CBAR 34
1
16
15
1.
1.
CBAR 35
1
15
14
1.
1.
CBAR 36
1
14
13
1.
1.
$
CBAR 41
1
13
20
1.
1.
CBAR 42
1
20
27
1.
1.
CBAR 43
1
27
34
1.
1.
$
PBAR 1
102 20.0 1.0 1.0
MAT1,102,2.+7,,.3,0.731-3
$
spcadd,100,200,250
spcadd,101,201,250
spcadd,102,202,250
spcadd,103,203,250
spcadd,104,204,250
spcadd,105,205,250
spcadd,106,206,250
$
SPC1,250,345,1,THRU,40
SPC1,250,123456,34,THRU,40
SPC1,250,123456,4,8,12,19,26,33
SPC1,250,1,13,20,27
SPC1,250,2,1,THRU,4
$
spc,200,13,2
spc,201,14,12
spc,202,15,12
spc,203,16,12
spc,204,9,12
spc,205,5,12
spc,206,1,1
$
spcd,100,13,2,1.
spcd,101,14,1,.259,14,2,.9659
spcd,102,15,1,.5,15,2,.866
spcd,103,16,1,.707,16,2,.707
spcd,104,9,1,.866,9,2,.5
spcd,105,5,1,.9659,5,2,.259
spcd,106,1,1,1.
$
ENDDATA
WS6-8
WS6-9
4. View Results
While still editing wkshp6.f06, search for the word H I S T O R Y. Compare the results obtained in
the .f06 file with the following:
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
9
8

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CYCLE
NUMBER
OBJECTIVE FROM
APPROXIMATE
OPTIMIZATION
OBJECTIVE FROM
EXACT
ANALYSIS
FRACTIONAL ERROR
OF
APPROXIMATION
MAXIMUM VALUE
OF
CONSTRAINT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
7.214704E+00
-1.021607E-01
7.070461E+00
7.068990E+00
2.080305E-04
-4.517893E-02
6.880713E+00
6.878247E+00
3.584122E-04
2.397870E-03
6.654394E+00
6.651621E+00
4.168620E-04
-3.346774E-04
6.264678E+00
6.259501E+00
8.271423E-04
2.395590E-02
6.022779E+00
6.021793E+00
1.637551E-04
2.075542E-03
5.869073E+00
5.871755E+00
-4.567173E-04
2.392597E-02
5.872398E+00
5.873198E+00
-1.360722E-04
2.888420E-03
5.871682E+00
5.871697E+00
-2.598701E-06
2.833543E-03
WS6-10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
AUXILIARY MODEL
PAGE
363
0
|
DV. ID. | DV. ID.
| LABEL |
INITIAL :
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
1
| B1
| 3.0000E+00 :
6.0000E+00 :
1.2000E+01 :
2.4000E+01 :
4.8000E+01 :
7.2000E+01 :
2
|
2
| B2
| 3.0000E+00 :
6.0000E+00 :
1.2000E+01 :
2.4000E+01 :
4.8000E+01 :
4.2055E+01 :
3
|
3
| B3
| 3.0000E+00 :
6.0000E+00 :
1.2000E+01 :
2.4000E+01 :
3.1402E+01 :
3.7368E+01 :
4
|
4
| B4
| 3.0000E+00 :
6.0000E+00 :
1.2000E+01 :
0.0000E+00 : -5.0000E-02 : -2.5000E-02 :
5
|
5
| B5
| 3.0000E+00 :
6.0000E+00 :
3.5102E-01 :
0.0000E+00 : -5.0000E-02 : -2.5000E-02 :
6
|
6
| B6
| 3.0000E+00 :
6.0000E+00 :
1.2000E+01 :
1.9782E+01 :
1.6891E+01 :
2.5336E+01 :
7
|
7
| B7
| 3.0000E+00 :
6.0000E+00 :
1.2000E+01 :
2.4000E+01 :
4.8000E+01 :
7.2000E+01 :
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID. | LABEL |
6
:
7
:
8
:
9
:
10
:
11
:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
1
| B1
| 9.2443E+01 :
7.5367E+01 :
7.2225E+01 :
2
|
2
| B2
| 6.3082E+01 :
7.4801E+01 :
8.0190E+01 :
3
|
3
| B3
| 2.1734E+01 :
1.6301E+01 :
1.2226E+01 :
4
|
4
| B4
| -4.2011E-03 :
3.2454E-04 :
1.2825E-02 :
5
|
5
| B5
| 0.0000E+00 : -1.3118E-04 :
1.2369E-02 :
6
|
6
| B6
| 2.5983E+01 :
2.5385E+01 :
2.5940E+01 :
7
|
7
| B7
| 9.0827E+01 :
9.1328E+01 :
9.0945E+01 :
WS6-11
Objective Function
Design Variables


WS6-12

WS6-13
WS6-14
WORKSHOP 7
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION
(STATIC, NORMAL MODES, AND FREQUENCY
RESPONSE)
WS7-1
WS7-2
Model Description
Multi-disciplinary analyses:
Static loads of S1 = 30 and S2 = 40 pounds at Grid Points 1 and 2, respectively.
Normal modes analysis.
F1 = F2 = 10 pounds harmonic load at Grid Points 1 and 2.
Objective Function Minimize the SRSS response
( y f21 + y f22 + y f22 + .....)

at Grid Points 2 from 4 hz to 30 hz.
Design Variables: cross-sectional area A1, A2, and A3
Constraints:
Static subcase: -20,000 < Elem stresses < +20,000
Modal subcase: 17 hz < Freq1 < 20 hz
WS7-3

point.
DAREA 201 1
1
10. 2
1
10.
$
$ wkshp7.dat
$
TIME 5
SOL 200 $
CEND
TITLE=TWO MASS OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM
DISPL = ALL
$
SUBCASE 1
LABEL = STATIC
ANALYSIS = ....
LOAD = 101
FORCE = ALL
STRESS = ALL
DESSUB = ....
$
SUBCASE 2
LABEL = MODES
ANALYSIS = ....
METHOD = 201
DESSUB = ....
$
SUBCASE 3
LABEL = DIRECT FREQUENCY RESPONSE
ANALYSIS = ....
DISP(PHASE)=ALL
FREQ = 100
DLOAD = 200
DESOBJ(MIN) = ....
$
BEGIN BULK
$
param,post,-1
$
FORCE 101 1
30. 1.
FORCE 101 2
40. 1.
EIGRL 201
2
$
CROD 20
20
10
1
CROD 21
21
1
2
CROD 22
22
2
20
CONM2 10
1
1.
CONM2 11
2
2.
FREQ1 100 4.
.25 30
GRID 10
0.
0.
0.
123456
GRID 1
1.
0.
0.
23456
GRID 2
2.
0.
0.
23456
GRID 20
3.
0.
0.
123456
PROD 20
200 1.E-3
PROD 21
200 1.5E-3
PROD 22
200 2.E-3
MAT1,200,1.0E7,,0.3,1.0 $ DUMMY DENSITY
RLOAD1 200 201
210
TABLED1 210
1.
1.
10. 1.
ENDT
param,g,.10
$
$ design model
$
DOPTPRM P1
1
P2
15
DESMAX 10
.
.
.
ENDDATA
WS7-4
(cont.)

$ soln7.dat
$
TIME 5
SOL 200 $
CEND
TITLE=TWO MASS OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM
DISPL = ALL
$
SUBCASE 1
LABEL = STATIC
ANALYSIS = STATICS
LOAD = 101
FORCE = ALL
STRESS = ALL
DESSUB = 100
$
SUBCASE 2
LABEL = MODES
ANALYSIS = MODES
METHOD = 201
DESSUB = 200
$
SUBCASE 3
LABEL = DIRECT FREQUENCY RESPONSE
ANALYSIS = DFREQ
DISP(PHASE)=ALL
FREQ = 100
DLOAD = 200
DESOBJ(MIN) = 1000
$
BEGIN BULK
$
param,post,-1
$
FORCE 101 1
30. 1.
FORCE 101 2
40. 1.
EIGRL 201
2
$
CROD 20
20
10
1
CROD 21
21
1
2
CROD 22
22
2
20
CONM2 10
1
1.
CONM2 11
2
2.
DAREA 201 1
1
10. 2
1
10.
FREQ1 100 4.
.25 104
GRID 10
0.
0.
0.
123456
GRID 1
1.
0.
0.
23456
GRID 2
2.
0.
0.
23456
GRID 20
3.
0.
0.
123456
PROD 20
200 1.E-3
PROD 21
200 1.5E-3
PROD 22
200 1.5E-3
MAT1,200,1.0E7,,0.3,1.0 $ DUMMY DENSITY
RLOAD1 200 201
210
TABLED1 210
1.
1.
10. 1.
ENDT
param,g,.10
$
$ design model
$
DOPTPRM P1
1
P2
15
DESMAX 10
DESVAR 1
A1
1.-3 1.-4 1.-2
DESVAR 2
A2
1.5-3 1.5-4 1.5-2
DESVAR 3
A3
2.-3 2.0-4 2.0-2
DVPREL1 1
PROD 20
4
1.0-3
1
1.0
DVPREL1 2
PROD 21
4
1.5-3
2
1.0
DVPREL1 3
PROD 22
4
2.0-3
3
1.0
DCONSTR 100 101 -20000. 20000.
DCONSTR 100 102 -20000. 20000.
DCONSTR 100 103 -20000. 20000.
DCONSTR 200 200 17. 20.
$
DRESP1 101 STRELM1 STRESS PROD
DRESP1 200 MODE1 FREQ
1
$
dresp2,1000,srssg2c1,2000
,dresp1,1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007
,,*7,*7,*7,*7,*7,*7,*7
=13
$
WS7-5
(cont.)
2
2
2
20
21
22
DRESP1,1001,GRID2C1,FRDISP,,,1,4.0,2
=,*1,=,=,=,=,=,*(.25),=
=103
$
deqatn 2000 srssg2c1(f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f8,f9,f10,f11,f12,f13,f14,
f15,f16,f17,f18,f19,f20,f21,f22,f23,f24,
f25,f26,f27,f28,f29,f30,f31,f32,f33,f34,
f35,f36,f37,f38,f39,f40,f41,f42,f43,f44,
f45,f46,f47,f48,f49,f50,f51,f52,f53,f54,
f55,f56,f57,f58,f59,f60,f61,f62,f63,f64,
f65,f66,f67,f68,f69,f70,f71,f72,f73,f74,
f75,f76,f77,f78,f79,f80,f81,f82,f83,f84,
f85,f86,f87,f88,f89,f90,f91,f92,f93,f94,
f95,f96,f97,f98,f99,f100,
f101,f102,f103,f104,f105) =
sqrt(f1**2+f2**2+f3**2+f4**2+f5**2+f6**2+f7**2+
f8**2+f9**2+f10**2+f11**2+f12**2+f13**2+f14**2+
f15**2+f16**2+f17**2+f18**2+f19**2+f20**2+
f21**2+f22**2+f23**2+f24**2+f25**2+f26**2+
f27**2+f28**2+f29**2+f30**2+f31**2+f32**2+
f33**2+f34**2+f35**2+f36**2+f37**2+f38**2+
f39**2+f40**2+f41**2+f42**2+f43**2+f44**2+
f45**2+f46**2+f47**2+f48**2+f49**2+f50**2+
f51**2+f52**2+f53**2+f54**2+f55**2+f56**2+
f57**2+f58**2+f59**2+f60**2+f61**2+f62**2+
f63**2+f64**2+f65**2+f66**2+f67**2+f68**2+
f69**2+f70**2+f71**2+f72**2+f73**2+f74**2+
f75**2+f76**2+f77**2+f78**2+f79**2+f80**2+
f81**2+f82**2+f83**2+f84**2+f85**2+f86**2+
f87**2+f88**2+f89**2+f90**2+f91**2+f92**2+
f93**2+f94**2+f95**2+f96**2+f97**2+f98**2+
f99**2+f100**2+
f101**2+f102**2+f103**2+f104**2+f105**2)
ENDDATA
WS7-6
WS7-7
4. View Results
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
7
6

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CYCLE
NUMBER
OBJECTIVE FROM
APPROXIMATE
OPTIMIZATION
OBJECTIVE FROM
EXACT
ANALYSIS
FRACTIONAL ERROR
OF
APPROXIMATION
MAXIMUM VALUE
OF
CONSTRAINT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
2.092793E-02
2.692307E-01
2.195602E-02
1.865128E-02
1.771855E-01
-1.487871E-02
1.805691E-02
1.734638E-02
4.096108E-02
-2.422998E-02
1.639450E-02
1.517079E-02
8.066232E-02
-3.967285E-02
1.468842E-02
1.415790E-02
3.747216E-02
-4.269791E-03
1.306749E-02
1.269395E-02
2.942665E-02
-5.038834E-03
1.269395E-02
1.269395E-02
0.000000E+00
-5.038834E-03
WS7-8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
TWO MASS OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM
PAGE
328
0
SUBCASE 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL
|
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
| LABEL | INITIAL
:
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
1
| A1
| 1.0000E-03 : 1.4837E-03 :
1.3139E-03 :
1.0145E-03 :
1.0000E-03 :
1.0000E-03 :
2
|
2
| A2
| 1.5000E-03 : 2.0935E-03 :
2.2455E-03 :
3.3573E-03 :
3.2665E-03 :
1.5000E-03 :
3
|
3
| A3
| 2.0000E-03 : 2.1083E-03 :
2.5240E-03 :
3.4306E-03 :
3.8260E-03 :
4.0378E-03 :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL |
EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID. | LABEL |
6
:
7
:
8
:
9
:
10
:
11
:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
1
|
A1
| 1.0000E-03 :
2
|
2
|
A2
|
1.5000E-03 :
3
|
3
|
A3
|
4.0378E-03 :
WS7-9
Objective Function
Design Variables


WS7-10

WS7-11
WS7-12
WORKSHOP 8
DESIGN STRUCTURE WITH STRENGTH AND
BUCKLING LIMITS SATISFYING BOTH THE
EULERS AND JOHNSON CRITIRIA
WS8-1
WS8-2
Objectives
Design a structure with strength and buckling limits
Impose three buckling conditions

1.
The MSC.NASTRAN buckling analysys
2.
Euler Buckling Equation limit

3.
Eul
cr
2E
=
( L' / )2
Johnson Short Columns Design Formula
John
cr
co ( L' / )2
= co 1.0
4
E
WS8-3
Objectives (Cont.)
Use the beam library in a design task:
For the pinned-pinned condition and a rod cross section type:
L' = L
=
r
2
( = radius of gyration)
Assume co = +80 ,000 . ( co is an empirically determined column yield

stress)
WS8-4
Model Description:
Subject to:
Static load of 200,000 at x-direction of grid point 6
Pins at points 1 and 6
Buckling analysis
Objective Functions: Minimize the Weight
Design variable: Radius of rod
Constraints:
Static Case:
80 ,000 100 ,000

EUL
cr
,
John
cr
Buckling Subcase:
when
* >
co
1 .0
* The Johnson Condition is the critical design condition only if the magnitude at the compressive stress is
greater than co / 2 . This can be implemented in MSC.Nastran by multiplying the response by a factor
that is a the maximum of 0.0 and ( co / 2 ). When the maximum is 0.0, the Johnson condition is
ignored.
WS8-5

point.
ID MSC, wkshp8a
TIME 130 $
SOL 200
$ OPTIMIZATION
CEND
TITLE = buckling test case
SUBTITLE = johnson/euler buckling case
ECHO = SORT
spc = 100
DESOBJ = 20
SUBCASE 1
DESSUB = 1
LOAD = 300
ANALYSIS = STATICS
DISP = ALL
STRESS = ALL
SUBCASE 2
DESSUB = 2
ANALYSIS = BUCK
METHOD = 1
DISP
= ALL
LABEL = BUCKLING FACTORS
$
BEGIN BULK
param,post,-1
$---------------------------------------------------------------------$ ANALYSIS MODEL
$---------------------------------------------------------------------$
$ GRID DATA
$
2 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GRDSET
345
grid
1
0.0
grid
2
0.0
grid
3
0.0
grid
4
0.0
grid
5
0.0
grid
6
0.0
grid
10
100.0
123456
$
0.0
$ ELEMENT AND MATERIAL DATA

cbar
1
10
1
10
cbar
2
10
2
10
cbar
3
10
3
10
cbar
4
10
4
10
cbar
5
10
5
10
MAT1
1
3.0e7
0.1
$ PROPERTY DATA
PbarL 10
1
mscbml0
rod
1.0
$ BOUNDARY CONDITION DATA
spc1
100
1
1
spc1
100
2
1
$ EXTERNAL LOADS DATA
FORCE
300
6
2.0e5 1.0
$ BUCKLING ANALYSIS DATA
EIGRL
1
.05
$
$-------------------------------------------------------------------$ DESIGN MODEL
$--------------------------------------------------------------------$
$ Beginning of Design Modeling Exercise for the Bulk Data Section
$
.
.
.
$
ENDDATA
0.0
8.0
0.0
16.0
0.0
24.0
0.0
32.0
0.0
40.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
WS8-6
(cont.)
2
3
4
5
6
0.33
6
-

ID MSC, soln8a
TIME 130
$
SOL 200
$ OPTIMIZATION
CEND
TITLE
= buckling test case
SUBTITLE = johnson/euler buckling case
ECHO
= SORT
spc
= 100
DESOBJ = 20
SUBCASE 1
DESSUB = 1
LOAD
= 300
ANALYSIS = STATICS
DISP
= ALL
STRESS = ALL
SUBCASE 2
DESSUB = 2
ANALYSIS = BUCK
METHOD
= 1
DISP
= ALL
LABEL
= BUCKLING FACTORS
BEGIN BULK
param,post,-1
$-----------------------------------------------------------------------$ ANALYSIS MODEL
$-----------------------------------------------------------------------$ GRID DATA
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GRDSET
345
grid
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
grid
2
8.0
0.0
0.0
grid
3
16.0
0.0
0.0
grid
4
24.0
0.0
0.0
grid
5
32.0
0.0
0.0
grid
6
40.0
0.0
0.0
grid
10
0.0
0.0
100.0
123456
$ ELEMENT AND MATERIAL DATA
cbar
1
10
1
2
10
cbar
2
10
2
3
10
cbar
3
10
3
4
10
cbar
4
10
4
5
10
cbar
5
10
5
6
10
MAT1
1
3.0e7
0.33
0.1
WS8-7
(cont.)

$ PROPERTY DATA
PbarL
10
1
mscbml0
rod
1.0
$ BOUNDARY CONDITION DATA
spc1
100
1
1
spc1
100
2
1
6
FORCE
300
6
-2.0e5 1.0
$ BUCKLING ANALYSIS DATA
EIGRL
1
.05
4
$
$-----------------------------------------------------------------------$ DESIGN MODEL
$-----------------------------------------------------------------------$
DESVAR 1
rg
1.0
0.01
10.0
DOPTPRM p2 15
DESMAX 20
DELP
0.5
GMAX
0.01
CONVDV 0.01
CONVPR 0.02 p1
1
DRESP1 20
W
WEIGHT
DRESP1 23
S1
STRESS Pbar
7
10
DRESP1 24
S1
STRESS Pbar
8
10
DRESP1 25
S1
sTRESS Pbar
6
10
dresp2
31
EUL
31
DESVAR
1
DTABLE
L
E
DRESP1
25
$ EULER CONSTRAINT CONDITION
deqatn
31
rgyra(r,l,e,sigma) = r / 2.0;
euler = - sigma * ( L / rGYRA ) **2 / (PI(1)**2 * E)
dresp2
32
JOHNSON
32
DESVAR
1
DTABLE
L
E
SIGMAC
DRESP1
25
$
$ JOHNSON CONSTRAINT CONDITION THAT IS ONLY ACTIVE WHEN FAC IS NONZERO
$
deqatn
32
LORHO2(r,l,e,SIGMAC,sigma) = (2.0 * L / R ) ** 2;
fac = max((-sigma - sigmac/2.0), 0.0);
JOHNSON = - FAC * sigma / ((-sigma - sigmac/2.0) *
SIGMAc * ( 1.0 - SIGMAC * LORHO2/
(4.0 * PI(1)**2 * E) ) )
DCONSTR
1
23
100000.
dconstr
1
24
-80000.
dconstr
1
31
1.0
dconstr
1
32
1.0
dtable
e
30.0e6
l
40.0
sigmac
8.0e4
WS8-8
DVPREL1
10
12
1
pbarl
1.0
$
$ DESIGN FOR BUCKLING EIGENVALUE
DRESP1
1
BUCK1
1
dconstr
2
1
1.0
param
dsnokd
1.0
$
ENDDATA
10
LAMA
WS8-9
4. View Results
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
3
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CYCLE
NUMBER
OBJECTIVE FROM
APPROXIMATE
OPTIMIZATION
OBJECTIVE FROM
EXACT
ANALYSIS
FRACTIONAL ERROR
OF
APPROXIMATION
MAXIMUM VALUE
OF
CONSTRAINT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
1
1.256637E+01
1.539844E+01
1.539775E+01
4.017613E-01
4.471775E-05
3.485799E-03
2
1.540468E+01
1.540468E+01
1.238162E-07
2.788901E-03
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
BUCKLING TEST CASE
PAGE
72
JOHNSON/EULER BUCKLING CASE
0
SUBCASE 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL | EXTERNAL |
|
DV. ID. | DV. ID.
|
LABEL
| INITIAL
:
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
|
1
|
RG
| 1.0000E+00 : 1.1069E+00 :
1.1072E+00 :
WS8-10

Use the output produced by DOPTPRM parameter p2 = 15 to determine the critical design case in
the .f06 file, search for FINAL. Then search again for DESIGN CONSTRAINTS. This will lead to a
table like:
-----
DESIGN CONSTRAINTS ON RESPONSES
-----
(MAXIMUM RESPONSE CONSTRAINTS MARKED WITH **)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL
INTERNAL
INTERNAL
DCONSTR
RESPONSE
RESPONSE
L/U
REGION
SUBCASE
ID
ID
ID
TYPE
FLAG
ID
ID
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1
2
STRESS
LOWER
1
1
-2.0423E-01
2
1
3
STRESS
LOWER
1
1
-2.0423E-01
3
1
4
STRESS
LOWER
1
1
-2.0423E-01
4
1
5
STRESS
LOWER
1
1
-2.0423E-01
5
1
6
STRESS
LOWER
1
1
-2.0423E-01
6
1
1
EQUA
UPPER
31
1
3.7607E-01
7
1
2
EQUA
UPPER
31
1
3.7607E-01
8
1
3
EQUA
UPPER
31
1
3.7607E-01
9
1
4
EQUA
UPPER
31
1
3.7607E-01
10
1
5
EQUA
UPPER
31
1
3.7607E-01
11
1
6
EQUA
UPPER
32
1
4.0176E-01**
12
1
7
EQUA
UPPER
32
1
4.0176E-01**
13
1
8
EQUA
UPPER
32
1
4.0176E-01**
14
1
9
EQUA
UPPER
32
1
4.0176E-01**
15
1
10
EQUA
UPPER
32
1
4.0176E-01**
16
2
12
LAMA
LOWER
0
2
2.7638E-01
-----
CONSTRAINTS ON DESIGNED PROPERTIES
WS8-11
-----

This indicates that five constraints are tied at the maximum value and that they are associated with
an EQUA response type and have internal IDs 6 thru 10.
Search for RETAINED DRESP2. This leads to a table like:
---- RETAINED DRESP2 RESPONSES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL
DRESP2
RESPONSE
EQUATION
LOWER
UPPER
ID
ID
LABEL
ID
BOUND
VALUE
BOUND
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
31
EUL
31
N/A
1.3761E+00
1.0000E+00
2
31
EUL
31
N/A
1.3761E+00
1.0000E+00
3
31
EUL
31
N/A
1.3761E+00
1.0000E+00
4
31
EUL
31
N/A
1.3761E+00
1.0000E+00
5
31
EUL
31
N/A
1.3761E+00
1.0000E+00
6
32
JOHNSON
32
N/A
1.4018E+00
1.0000E+00
7
32
JOHNSON
32
N/A
1.4018E+00
1.0000E+00
8
32
JOHNSON
32
N/A
1.4018E+00
1.0000E+00
9
32
JOHNSON
32
N/A
1.4018E+00
1.0000E+00
10
32
JOHNSON
32
N/A
1.4018E+00
1.0000E+00
It is seen that the maximum constraints are associated with the Johnson condition.
WS8-12
5. Experiment With Different Length

Repeat the workshop problem with L = 60. How do the answers change and what is the critical
design condition?
WS8-13
WS8-14
WORKSHOP 9
RANDOM RESPONSE OPTIMIZATION
L
W
WS9-1
WS9-2
Objective:
Be familiar with the process to set up an random response
optimization task using a simulated car model.
WS9-3
Analysis Model Description
Car body modeled by two CBAR elements and three CONM2s
Front and back wheels - modeled by two CONM2s
The suspension components that connect car body and two wheels are
modeled by CBUSH elements
Each wheel is loaded with a unit enforced displacement. Total two load
cases are applied.
First two RANDPS entries represent the auto spectrum applied at the front
and back wheels. The third and fourth RANDPS entries represent the real
and imaginary parts of the cross spectrum between the front and back
wheels.
WS9-4
Objective function:
Minimize the RMS displacement at CG of the vehicle in the frequency range
of 0.1Hz to 2.0Hz. The CG is located at component 2 of grid point 5. The
RANDPS entry is directly referenced on the ATTB field of the DRESP1 entry.
Design Variables:
The shock spring and absorber of the suspension system
100 < K < 1000
1.0 < B < 10.
Constraints:
The stresses at the supporting frame that connects grid points 1 and 5, and
5 and 2 must be less than 4500 across the whole frequency range.
WS9-5
1. Generating an Input File for MSC.Nastran Users

Generate an input file using the data from pages 9-1 through 9-4. Use the following input file as a
starting point:
GRID
1
GRID
2
GRID
5
$
wheels
$
GRID
3
GRID
4
$
CBAR
5
CBAR
6
$
PBAR
11
$
$
wkshp9.dat
- random input at wheels - enforced motion
$
direct method
$
stress constraints at discrete freq
$
minimize acce at grid pt 5
$
cross spectrum
$
using new enforced motion
$
ID MSC, d200rd15.dat $ V2001 JML 8-Sep-2000
SOLa.200Generate
$ jml
an input file using
CEND
dataCAR
from
page
2-3.
Use
TITLE =the
SIMPLE
WITH
RANDOM
INPUT
SPC = 100
the
following
input
file
as
a
FREQUENCY = 130
stress(phase)
all
starting= point.
disp(phase) = all
$
$ we perform direct frequency analysis
analysis = ...
$
$ calls out a RMS displacement response for minimization
desobj= ...
$
$ define a design case
dessub = ...
$
$ this random case control callout is needed only
$ for the xyplot request when using optimization
$
random = 1000
SUBCASE 1
DLOAD = 111
SUBCASE 2
DLOAD = 112
$
output (xyplot)
xtitle = frequency (hz)
ytitle = disp psd at grid pt 5
xypunch disp psdf /5(t2)
$
BEGIN BULK
$
$
car body
$
11
11
0.
120.
60.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
120.
-10.
-10.
0.
0.
1
5
5
2
0.
0.
12
1.e2
1.e3
100.
0.
-100.
0.
MAT1
12
3.E+7
$ CONSTRAIN TO A PLANAR PROBLEM
$
SPC1
100
1345
1
2
SPC1
100
13456
3
4
spc1,100,2,3,4
$
CONM2
10
1
2.5
CONM2
15
2
2.5
CONM2
20
5
5.0
CONM2
25
3
2.5
CONM2
26
4
2.5
CBUSH
100
1000
1
3
0
CBUSH
200
1000
2
4
0
PBUSH
1000
K
200.
B
2.
RLOAD2 111
222
disp
spcd,222,3,2,1.
TABLED1 444
0.
1.
100.
1.
$
RLOAD2 112
223
disp
spcd,223,4,2,1.
$
FREQ2
130
0.1
2.
20
WS9-6
1.e3
7.8e-4
5
444
ENDT
444
1.
1.
0.
0.
1. Generating an Input File for MSC.Nastran Users (Cont.)
FREQ2
130
0.1
2.
20
$
$ DEFINE THE INPUT PSD
$
RANDPS 1000
1
1
1.
0.
145
RANDPS 1000
2
2
1.
0.
145
RANDPS 1000
1
2
1.
0.
146
RANDPS 1000
1
2
0.
1.
147
TABRND1 145
.1
.1
5.
1.
10.
.05
ENDT
$
TABRND1 146
0.1000 0.0990 0.1096 0.1005 0.1202 0.1022 0.1318
0.1445 0.1059 0.1585 0.1079 0.1738 0.1101 0.1905
0.2089 0.1147 0.2291 0.1172 0.2512 0.1197 0.2754
0.3020 0.1246 0.3311 0.1269 0.3631 0.1289 0.3981
0.4365 0.1314 0.4786 0.1315 0.5248 0.1304 0.5754
0.6310 0.1228 0.6918 0.1151 0.7586 0.1038 0.8318
0.9120 0.0665 1.0000 0.0382 1.0965 0.0020 1.2023
1.3183 -0.0986 1.4454 -0.1636 1.5849 -0.2372 1.7378
1.9055 -0.3934 2.0893 -0.4593 2.2909 -0.4984 2.5119
2.7542 -0.4149 3.0200 -0.2508 3.3113 0.0072 3.6308
3.9811 0.6685 4.3652 0.8819 4.7863 0.8223 5.2481
5.7544 0.2965 6.3096 0.6842 6.9183 0.5743 7.5858
8.3176 0.2820 9.1201 0.1964 10.0000 0.0063 ENDT
$
TABRND1 147
0.1000 0.0142 0.1096 0.0159 0.1202 0.0177 0.1318
0.1445 0.0221 0.1585 0.0248 0.1738 0.0279 0.1905
0.2089 0.0352 0.2291 0.0397 0.2512 0.0448 0.2754
0.3020 0.0572 0.3311 0.0648 0.3631 0.0734 0.3981
0.4365 0.0944 0.4786 0.1070 0.5248 0.1212 0.5754
0.6310 0.1547 0.6918 0.1741 0.7586 0.1951 0.8318
0.9120 0.2401 1.0000 0.2625 1.0965 0.2830 1.2023
1.3183 0.3084 1.4454 0.3061 1.5849 0.2875 1.7378
1.9055 0.1775 2.0893 0.0749 2.2909 -0.0631 2.5119
2.7542 -0.4160 3.0200 -0.5848 3.3113 -0.6898 3.6308
3.9811 -0.4624 4.3652 -0.0505 4.7863 0.4968 5.2481
5.7544 0.8037 6.3096 0.3101 6.9183 -0.2722 7.5858
8.3176 -0.2390 9.1201 0.0928 10.0000 0.0496 ENDT
$
$ -----------------------------------------------------------
$--------------------------------------------------------$
design model
$ ------------------------------------------------------$
$
define sprint and absober as design variables
$
desvar,1...
desvar,2...
$
dvprel1,...
dvprel1,...
0.1040
0.1124
0.1221
0.1305
0.1277
0.0879
-0.0434
-0.3159
-0.4910
0.3364
0.3435
0.0891
0.0198
0.0313
0.0506
0.0832
0.1371
0.2173
0.2993
0.2467
-0.2318
-0.6687
0.8888
-0.5008
WS9-7
$
$
define RMS displacement response at the CG of the
$
vehicle as an objective
$
dresp1,...
$
$
define dynamic stress responses at end B-points
$
C and E for pbar 11.
$
dresp1,...
dresp1,...
$
$
stress upper limit = 45000 across the freq. range
$
dconstr,...
dconstr,...
$
$
optimization parameter control. Notice SQP (method=3)
$
is selected for this job and delp=1.0 is used.
$
doptprm,desmax,20,p1,1,p2,15,iprint,7
,method,3,delp,1.0
$
ENDDATA

$
$
d200rd15.dat
- random input at wheels enforced motion
$
direct method
$
stress constraints at discrete
freq
$
minimize acce at grid pt 5
$
cross spectrum
$
using new enforced motion
$
ID MSC, d200rd15.dat $ V2001 JML 8-Sep-2000
SOL 200 $ jml
CEND
TITLE = SIMPLE CAR WITH RANDOM INPUT
SPC = 100
FREQUENCY = 130
stress(phase) = all
disp(phase) = all
desobj= 101
analysis = dfreq
dessub = 800
$
$ this random case control callout is needed only
$ for the xyplot request when using optimization
$
random = 1000
SUBCASE 1
DLOAD = 111
SUBCASE 2
DLOAD = 112
$
output (xyplot)
xtitle = frequency (hz)
ytitle = disp psd at grid pt 5
xypunch disp psdf /5(t2)
$
BEGIN BULK
$
$
car body
$
GRID
1
0.
0.
0.
GRID
2
120.
0.
0.
GRID
5
60.
0.
0.
$
$
wheels
$
GRID
3
0.
-10.
0.
GRID
4
120.
-10.
0.
$
CBAR
CBAR
PBAR
5
6
11
11
11
12
100.
3.E+7
MAT1
12
$
$ CONSTRAIN TO A PLANAR
$
SPC1
100
1345
SPC1
100
13456
spc1,100,2,3,4
$
CONM2
10
1
CONM2
15
2
CONM2
20
5
CONM2
25
3
CONM2
26
4
$
CBUSH
100
1000
CBUSH
200
1000
PBUSH
1000
K
B
$
RLOAD2 111
222
spcd,222,3,2,1.
TABLED1 444
0.
1.
$
RLOAD2 112
223
spcd,223,4,2,1.
$
FREQ2
130
0.1
$
$ DEFINE THE INPUT PSD
$
RANDPS 1000
1
RANDPS 1000
2
RANDPS 1000
1
RANDPS 1000
1
TABRND1 145
.1
.1
WS9-8
1
5
1.e2
5
2
1.e3
0.
0.
0.
1.e3
1.
1.
0.
0.
-100.
7.8e-4
PROBLEM
1
3
2
4
2.5
2.5
5.0
2.5
2.5
1
2
3
4
200.
2.
0
0
444
100.
1.
disp
ENDT
444
disp
2.
20
1
2
2
2
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
145
145
146
147
5.
1.
10.
.05
ENDT
0.
$
TABRND1 146
0.1000
0.1445
0.2089
0.3020
0.4365
0.6310
0.9120
1.3183
1.9055
2.7542
3.9811
5.7544
8.3176
$
TABRND1 147
0.1000
0.1445
0.2089
0.3020
0.4365
0.6310
0.9120
1.3183
1.9055
2.7542
3.9811
5.7544
8.3176
$
0.0990
0.1059
0.1147
0.1246
0.1314
0.1228
0.0665
-0.0986
-0.3934
-0.4149
0.6685
0.2965
0.2820
0.1096 0.1005 0.1202 0.1022

0.1585 0.1079 0.1738 0.1101
0.2291 0.1172 0.2512 0.1197
0.3311 0.1269 0.3631 0.1289
0.4786 0.1315 0.5248 0.1304
0.6918 0.1151 0.7586 0.1038
1.0000 0.0382 1.0965 0.0020
1.4454 -0.1636 1.5849 -0.2372
2.0893 -0.4593 2.2909 -0.4984
3.0200 -0.2508 3.3113 0.0072
4.3652 0.8819 4.7863 0.8223
6.3096 0.6842 6.9183 0.5743
9.1201 0.1964 10.0000 0.0063
0.1318 0.1040
0.1905 0.1124
0.2754 0.1221
0.3981 0.1305
0.5754 0.1277
0.8318 0.0879
1.2023 -0.0434
1.7378 -0.3159
2.5119 -0.4910
3.6308 0.3364
5.2481 0.3435
7.5858 0.0891
ENDT
0.0142
0.0221
0.0352
0.0572
0.0944
0.1547
0.2401
0.3084
0.1775
-0.4160
-0.4624
0.8037
-0.2390
0.1096 0.0159 0.1202 0.0177

0.1585 0.0248 0.1738 0.0279
0.2291 0.0397 0.2512 0.0448
0.3311 0.0648 0.3631 0.0734
0.4786 0.1070 0.5248 0.1212
0.6918 0.1741 0.7586 0.1951
1.0000 0.2625 1.0965 0.2830
1.4454 0.3061 1.5849 0.2875
2.0893 0.0749 2.2909 -0.0631
3.0200 -0.5848 3.3113 -0.6898
4.3652 -0.0505 4.7863 0.4968
6.3096 0.3101 6.9183 -0.2722
9.1201 0.0928 10.0000 0.0496
0.1318 0.0198
0.1905 0.0313
0.2754 0.0506
0.3981 0.0832
0.5754 0.1371
0.8318 0.2173
1.2023 0.2993
1.7378 0.2467
2.5119 -0.2318
3.6308 -0.6687
5.2481 0.8888
7.5858 -0.5008
ENDT
WS9-9
$
$
design model
$
desvar,1,k2,1.,0.5,5.
desvar,2,b2,1.,0.5,5.
$
dvprel1,101,pbush,1000,k2,100.
,1,200.
dvprel1,201,pbush,1000,b2,1.
,2,2.0
$
dresp1,101,ming5t2,rmsdisp,,,2,1000,5
$
dconstr,800,801,-1.e20,4500.
dconstr,800,802,-1.e20,4500.
dresp1,801,e5ptc,frstre,pbar,,12,,11
dresp1,802,e5pte,frstre,pbar,,14,,11
$
doptprm,desmax,20,p1,1,p2,15,iprint,7
,method,3,delp,1.0
$
ENDDATA
wkshp9 scr=yes. Monitor the run using the UNIX ps command:
WS9-10
4. View Results
When the run is completed, edit the wkshp9.f06 file and search for the word FATAL. If no matches exist,
search for the word WARNING. Determine whether existing WARNING messages indicate modeling
errors.
While still editing wkshp9.f06, search for the word H I S T O R Y. Compare the results obtained in the
.f06 file with the following:
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
11
10

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OBJECTIVE FROM
OBJECTIVE FROM
FRACTIONAL ERROR
MAXIMUM VALUE
CYCLE
APPROXIMATE
EXACT
OF
OF
NUMBER
OPTIMIZATION
ANALYSIS
APPROXIMATION
CONSTRAINT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
1.905989E+00
1.686030E-01
1
3.156076E-01
2.041587E+00
-8.454106E-01
1.185776E-01
2
-3.101647E+00
2.027636E+00
-2.529686E+00
-9.756678E-02
3
1.684757E+00
1.539746E+00
9.417834E-02
-3.571486E-01
4
-6.812580E-01
1.263399E+00
-1.539226E+00
N/A
5
8.675647E-01
9.153715E-01
-5.222667E-02
N/A
6
8.146007E-01
8.076525E-01
8.602924E-03
N/A
7
7.562498E-01
7.334383E-01
3.110227E-02
N/A
8
6.907170E-01
6.701388E-01
3.070729E-02
N/A
9
6.399633E-01
6.239330E-01
2.569246E-02
N/A
10
6.239330E-01
6.239330E-01
0.000000E+00
N/A
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WS9-11
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL |
EXTERNAL
|
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
|
LABEL
|
INITIAL
:
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 |
1
| K2
|
1.0000E+00 :
1.2000E+00 :
9.6004E-01 :
8.9538E-01 :
7.1630E-01 :
5.7304E-01
:
2 |
2
| B2
|
1.0000E+00 :
1.2000E+00 :
1.4369E+00 :
1.7243E+00 :
2.0692E+00 :
2.4830E+00
:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL |
EXTERNAL
|
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
|
LABEL
|
6
:
7
:
8
:
9
:
10
:
11
:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 |
1
| K2
|
5.0000E-01 :
5.0000E-01 :
5.0000E-01 :
5.0000E-01 :
5.0000E-01 :
2 |
2
| B2
|
2.9796E+00 :
3.5755E+00 :
4.2906E+00 :
5.0000E+00 :
5.0000E+00 :
*** USER INFORMATION MESSAGE 6464 (DOM12E)
RUN TERMINATED DUE TO HARD CONVERGENCE TO AN OPTIMUM AT CYCLE NUMBER =
10.
WS9-12
Fig. 9.1 Objective Function History
Fig. 9.2 Design Variable History
WS9-13
Fig. 9. 3: Comparison of PSDF DISP RESP Before and After Optimization
WS9-14
WORKSHOP 10
DISCRETE VARIABLE OPTIMIZATION
Subcase 1
X: -16,000 lbs
Y: -12,000 lbs
Subcase 2
X: 16,000 lbs
Y: -12,000 lbs
WS10-1
WS10-2
Objective:
Be familiar with the process to set up a discrete optimization
task using the three bar truss problem.
WS10-3
Objective Function: Weight minimization
Design Variables: Cross sectional areas A1, A2 and A3. A1 and A3 are
linked as A1=A3.
Continuum bound:
.1 < A1 < 100.

.1 < A2 < 100.
.1 < A3 < 100.
All three design variable share the same discrete value set:
0.1 to 100. Incremented by 0.05
Constraints:
Stress allowable: 20ksi tension and 15 ksi compression
Displacement at grid point 4:
|X direction| <= 0.2 in
|Y direction| <= 0.2 in
WS10-4
Model Description
Part A:
Perform discrete variable processing after last design cycle
Part B:
Perform discrete variable process with the round-up option after each
design cycle
WS10-5

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Generate an Input File for Part A

Compare the Input File of Part A
Submit Input File to MSC.NASTRAN for analysis
View Results
Generate an Input File for Part B
Submit Input File to MSC.NASTRAN for analysis
View Results
WS10-6
1. Generating an Input File for Part A

A continuum optimization task has been prepared for you. The task is to define DESVAR
and DDVAL entries using the data from previous page and to activate the discrete variable
process. The portion of the file is shown here as a starting point.
C Executive and Case Control Sections are omitted

BEGIN BULK
$------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ Analysis model is omitted

$-----------------------------------------------------------------------$----------------------------------------------------------------------.
$ DESIGN MODEL
$----------------------------------------------------------------------$
$...DESIGN VARIABLE DEFINITION
$...IMPOSE X3=X1 (LEADS TO A3=A1)
$DLINK, ID,
DDVID, CO,
CMULT, IDV1,
C1,
IDV2,
C2,
+
$+,
IDV3,
C3,
...
DLINK, 1,
3,
0.0,
1.0,
1,
1.00
$
$DESVAR,ID,
LABEL, XINIT, XLB,
XUB,
DELXV(OPTIONAL), DDVAL
$
$
specify the ID of the discrete value list
$
DESVAR
DESVAR
DESVAR
$
$DDVAL,ID,
DVAL1, THRU,
DVAL2, BY
INC
$
$
define the discrete value set
$
Set 1: 0.1 to 100.0 incremented by 0.05
$
DDVAL...
$
$
constraint definitions are omitted.
$
$
$...OPTIMIZATION CONTROL:
$
$
Use Round-up for discrete processing after last design
cycle.
$
DOPTPRM,IPRINT, 5,
DESMAX, 20,
DELP,
0.5,
P1,
1,
+
+,
P2,
15
$
ENDDATA
WS10-7

The completed MSC.NASTRAN input file for Part A is shown below:
$ Modified 15-sep-2000 xmy v2001
TIME 10
$
SOL 200
$ OPTIMIZATION
include 'dmap'
CEND
TITLE = SYMMETRIC THREE BAR DISCRETE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
SUBTITLE = ROUNDED-UP APROACH (DISCOD = 3)
ECHO
= SORT
SPC
= 100
DISP
= ALL
STRESS = ALL
DESOBJ(MIN) = 20 $ (DESIGN OBJECTIVE = DRESP ID)
DESSUB
= 21 $ DEFINE CONSTRAINT SET FOR BOTH SUBCASES
ANALYSIS = STATICS
SUBCASE 1
LOAD = 300
SUBCASE 2
LOAD = 310
BEGIN BULK
$
$-----------------------------------------------------------------------$ ANALYSIS MODEL
$-----------------------------------------------------------------------$
$ GRID DATA
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GRID,
1,
,
-10.0 ,
0.0, 0.0
GRID,
2,
,
0.0 ,
0.0, 0.0
GRID,
3,
,
10.0 ,
0.0, 0.0
GRID,
4,
,
0.0 , -10.0, 0.0
$ SUPPORT DATA
SPC,
100,
1,
123456, ,
2,
123456
SPC,
100,
3,
123456, ,
4,
3456
$ ELEMENT DATA
CROD,
1,
11,
1,
4
CROD,
2,
12,
2,
4
CROD,
3,
13,
3,
4
$ PROPERTY DATA
PROD,
11,
1,
1.0
PROD,
12,
1,
2.0
PROD,
13,
1,
1.0
MAT1,
1,
1.0E+7, ,
0.33,
0.1
FORCE, 300,
4,
,
20000., 0.8,
-0.6
FORCE, 310,
4,
,
20000., -0.8,
-0.6
$
$-----------------------------------------------------------------------$ DESIGN MODEL
$------------------------------------------------------------------------
WS10-8

$...IMPOSE X3=X1 (LEADS TO A3=A1)
$DLINK, ID,
DDVID, CO,
CMULT, IDV1,
C1,
IDV2,
C2,
+
$+,
IDV3,
C3,
...
DLINK, 1,
3,
0.0,
1.0,
1,
1.00
$...DESIGN VARIABLE DEFINITION
$DESVAR,ID,
LABEL, XINIT, XLB,
XUB,
DELXV(OPTIONAL), DDVAL
DESVAR, 1,
A1,
1.0,
0.1,
100.0,
,
1
DESVAR, 2,
A2,
2.0,
0.1,
100.0,
,
1
DESVAR, 3,
A3,
1.0,
0.1,
100.0,
,
1
$
$Define a discrete value set
$
$DDVAL,ID,
DVAL1, THRU,
DVAL2, BY
INC
$
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
DDVAL
1
0.1
THRU
100.
BY
0.05
$...DEFINITION OF DESIGN VARIABLE TO ANALYSIS MODEL PARAMETER RELATIONS
$DVPREL1,ID,
TYPE,
PID,
FID,
PMIN,
PMAX,
C0,
,
+
$+,
DVID1, COEF1, DVID2, COEF2, ...
DVPREL1,10,
PROD,
11,
4,
,
,
,
,
+DP1
+DP1,
1,
1.0
DVPREL1,20,
PROD,
12,
4,
,
,
,
,
+DP2
+DP2,
2,
1.0
DVPREL1,30,
PROD,
13,
4,
,
,
,
,
+DP3
+DP3,
3,
1.0
$
$...STRUCTURAL RESPONSE IDENTIFICATION
$DRESP1,ID,
LABEL, RTYPE, PTYPE, REGION, ATTA,
ATTB,
ATT1,
+
$+,
ATT2,
...
DRESP1, 20,
W ,
WEIGHT
DRESP1, 21,
U4,
DISP , ,
,
1,
,
4
DRESP1, 22,
V4,
DISP , ,
,
2,
,
4
DRESP1, 23,
S1,
STRESS, PROD,
,
2,
,
11
DRESP1, 24,
S2,
STRESS, PROD,
,
2,
,
12
DRESP1, 25,
S3,
STRESS, PROD,
,
2,
,
13
$
$...CONSTRAINTS
$DCONSTR,DCID, RID,
LALLOW, UALLOW
DCONSTR,21,
21,
-0.20 ,0.20
DCONSTR,21,
22,
-0.20 ,0.20
DCONSTR,21,
23,
-15000.,20000.
DCONSTR,21,
24,
-15000.,20000.
DCONSTR,21,
25,
-15000.,20000.
$
$...OPTIMIZATION CONTROL:
$
DOPTPRM,IPRINT, 5,
DESMAX, 20,
DELP,
0.5,
P1,
1,
+
+,
P2,
15,
DISCOD, 3
$
$.......2.......3.......4.......5.......6.......7.......8.......9.......0
param,post,-1
ENDDATA
WS10-9
wkshp10a scr=yes. Monitor the run using the UNIX ps command:
WS10-10
4. View Results
When the run is completed, edit the wkshp10a.f06 file and search for the word FATAL. If no matches
exist, search for the word WARNING. Determine whether existing WARNING messages indicate modeling
errors.
While still editing wkshp10a.f06, search for the word H I S T O R Y. Compare the results obtained in the
.f06 file with the following:
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
(SOFT FEASIBLE DISCRETE DESIGN OBTAINED)
(HARD FEASIBLE DISCRETE DESIGN OBTAINED)
9
7
NUMBER OF DISCRETE PROCESSING ANALYSES COMPLETED
1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OBJECTIVE FROM
OBJECTIVE FROM
FRACTIONAL ERROR
MAXIMUM VALUE
CYCLE
APPROXIMATE
EXACT
OF
OF
NUMBER
OPTIMIZATION
ANALYSIS
APPROXIMATION
CONSTRAINT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
4.828427E+00
-3.234952E-01
3.007052E+00
3.007354E+00
-1.004459E-04
-3.352051E-03
2.821493E+00
2.821564E+00
-2.534962E-05
-1.881016E-02
2.731738E+00
2.731768E+00
-1.108409E-05
-2.713281E-03
2.708183E+00
2.708187E+00
-1.320544E-06
8.052734E-04
2.699788E+00
2.699798E+00
-3.444082E-06
1.659180E-03
2.695010E+00
2.695005E+00
2.034737E-06
2.547559E-03
2.694282E+00
2.694286E+00
-1.327357E-06
2.586133E-03
7D
2.754172E+00
2.754163E+00
3.289531E-06
-1.904385E-02
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WS10-11

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL |
EXTERNAL
|
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
|
LABEL
|
INITIAL
:
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 |
1
| A1
|
1.0000E+00 :
7.0992E-01 :
7.8247E-01 :
7.9916E-01 :
8.1306E-01 :
8.2427E-01 :
2 |
2
| A2
|
2.0000E+00 :
9.9941E-01 :
6.0839E-01 :
4.7140E-01 :
4.0851E-01 :
3.6842E-01 :
3 |
3
| A3
|
1.0000E+00 :
7.0992E-01 :
7.8247E-01 :
7.9916E-01 :
8.1306E-01 :
8.2427E-01 :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL |
EXTERNAL
|
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
|
LABEL
|
6
:
7
:
7D
:
8
:
8D
:
9
:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 |
1
| A1
|
8.3105E-01 :
8.3374E-01 :
8.5000E-01 :
2 |
A2
3.4443E-01 :
3.3612E-01 :
3.5000E-01
3 |
3
| A3
|
8.3105E-01 :
8.3374E-01 :
8.5000E-01 :
7.
AND HARD FEASIBLE DISCRETE DESIGN OBTAINED
WS10-12
5. Generating an Input File for Part B

Modify the DOPTPRM entry in the wkshp10b_fillin.dat file so that Round-up discrete
variable processing will be performed after each design cycle.
The solution is as follow:
DOPTPRM,IPRINT, 5,
,
P2,
15,
DESMAX, 20,
DELP, 0.5, P1,

DISBEG, 1
DISCOD, 3 ,
WS10-13
wkshp10b scr=yes. Monitor the run using the UNIX ps command:
WS10-14
7. View Results
When the run is completed, edit the wkshp10b.f06 file and search for the word FATAL. If no matches exist, search for the
word WARNING. Determine whether existing WARNING messages indicate modeling errors.
While still editing wkshp10b.f06, search for the word H I S T O R Y. Compare the results obtained in the .f06 file with the
following:
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************
(SOFT FEASIBLE DISCRETE DESIGN OBTAINED)
(HARD FEASIBLE DISCRETE DESIGN OBTAINED)
15
7
NUMBER OF DISCRETE PROCESSING ANALYSES COMPLETED
7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OBJECTIVE FROM
OBJECTIVE FROM
FRACTIONAL ERROR
MAXIMUM VALUE
CYCLE
APPROXIMATE
EXACT
OF
OF
NUMBER
OPTIMIZATION
ANALYSIS
APPROXIMATION
CONSTRAINT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
4.828427E+00
-3.234952E-01
1
1D
3.007052E+00
3.121316E+00
3.007354E+00
3.121320E+00
-1.004459E-04
-1.298526E-06
-3.352051E-03
-4.971660E-02
2
2D
2.821493E+00
2.912762E+00
2.821564E+00
2.912742E+00
-2.534962E-05
6.957561E-06
-1.881016E-02
-4.611885E-02
3
3D
2.731738E+00
2.762747E+00
2.731768E+00
2.762742E+00
-1.108409E-05
1.812254E-06
-2.713281E-03
-1.138428E-02
4
4D
2.708183E+00
2.854164E+00
2.708187E+00
2.854163E+00
-1.320544E-06
4.176681E-07
8.052734E-04
-4.905635E-02
5
5D
2.699788E+00
2.804163E+00
2.699798E+00
2.804163E+00
-3.444082E-06
8.502307E-08
1.659180E-03
-3.479961E-02
6
6D
2.695010E+00
2.754154E+00
2.695005E+00
2.754163E+00
2.034737E-06
-3.462664E-06
2.547559E-03
-1.904385E-02
7
2.694282E+00
2.694286E+00
-1.327357E-06
2.586133E-03
7D
2.754172E+00
2.754163E+00
3.289531E-06
-1.904385E-02
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WS10-15

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL |
EXTERNAL
|
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
|
LABEL
|
INITIAL
:
1
:
1D
:
2
:
2D
:
3
:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 |
1
| A1
|
1.0000E+00 :
7.0992E-01 :
7.5000E-01 :
7.8247E-01 :
8.0000E-01 :
7.9916E-01 :
2 |
2
| A2
|
2.0000E+00 :
9.9941E-01 :
1.0000E+00 :
6.0839E-01 :
6.5000E-01 :
4.7140E-01 :
3 |
3
| A3
|
1.0000E+00 :
7.0992E-01 :
7.5000E-01 :
7.8247E-01 :
8.0000E-01 :
7.9916E-01 :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL |
EXTERNAL
|
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
|
LABEL
|
3D
:
4
:
4D
:
5
:
5D
:
6
:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 |
1
| A1
|
8.0000E-01 :
8.1306E-01 :
8.5000E-01 :
8.2427E-01 :
8.5000E-01 :
8.3105E-01 :
2 |
2
| A2
|
5.0000E-01 :
4.0851E-01 :
4.5000E-01 :
3.6842E-01 :
4.0000E-01 :
3.4443E-01 :
3 |
3
| A3
|
8.0000E-01 :
8.1306E-01 :
8.5000E-01 :
8.2427E-01 :
8.5000E-01 :
8.3105E-01 :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL |
EXTERNAL
|
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
|
LABEL
|
6D
:
7
:
7D
:
8
:
8D
:
9
:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 |
1
| A1
|
8.5000E-01 :
8.3374E-01 :
8.5000E-01 :
2 |
2
| A2
|
3.5000E-01 :
3.3612E-01 :
3.5000E-01 :
3 |
3
| A3
|
8.5000E-01 :
8.3374E-01 :
8.5000E-01 :
7.
AND HARD FEASIBLE DISCRETE DESIGN OBTAINED
WS10-16
WORKSHOP 11
ENHANCEMENT OF DYNAMIC RESPONSE
CREATION
WS11-1
WS11-2
Objective:
Learn different ways to define a synthetic dynamic response.
Use the same mass-sprint-damp system for workshop 4
WS11-3

1.
2.
Compare the Sensitivity Printout
3.
Generate an Input File for Part A.
4.
Compare an Input File for Part A.
5.
Generate an Input File for Part B.
6.
Compare an Input File for Part B.
7.
Generate an Input File for Part C.
8.
Compare an Input File for Part C.
WS11-4
Objective Function:
Minimize an SSQ response of displacements at grid 1 (X-direction) at
frequencies = 4.,4.5,5.,5.5 and 6.0 Hz.
Design Variables:
Spring constants: K1, K2 and K3
Damping coefficients: GE1, GE2 and GE3
WS11-5
Model Description
Part A:
Define the SSQ response using the new DEQATN intrinsic function
Part B:
Define the SSQ response using direct DRESP2 function reference
Part C:
Define the SSQ response using direct DRESP1 function reference
WS11-6
1. Generating an Input File for MSC.NASTRAN Users

The following file contains the complete listing of the input file. However, the SSQ
response is explicitly defined using the traditional DEQATN entry.
TIME 5
SOL 200 $
CEND
TITLE=TWO MASS DIRECT FREQUENCY SENSITIVITY
DISPL(PHASE) = ALL
SUBCASE 2
DESOBJ = 100
ANALYSIS = DFREQ
FREQ = 100
DLOAD = 200
dsaprt(end=sens) = all
BEGIN BULK
$
CELAS1 20
20
1
1
CELAS1 21
21
1
1
2
1
CELAS1 22
22
2
1
CONM2
10
1
1.
CONM2
11
2
2.
DAREA
201
1
1
100.
2
1
DESVAR 1
K1
1.0E3
1.0E2
1.0E4
DESVAR 2
K2
1.5E3
1.5E2
1.5E4
DESVAR 3
K3
2.0E3
2.0E2
2.0E4
DESVAR 4
GE1
.1
.05
.15
DESVAR 5
GE2
.1
.05
.15
DESVAR 6
GE3
.1
.05
.15
$
23
4
5
8
9
0
D108G7v
100.
DRESP1 11
U1
FRDISP
1
4.0
1
DRESP1 12
U1
FRDISP
1
4.5
1
DRESP1 13
U1
FRDISP
1
5.0
1
DRESP1 14
U1
FRDISP
1
5.5
1
DRESP1 15
U1
FRDISP
1
6.0
1
$
$
$ Compute FDSSQ = (R1**2+R2**2+R3**2+R4**2+R5**2)
$ Explicitly write out a SSQ equation with DEQATN
$
DRESP2 100 FDSSQ
200
DRESP1
11
12
13
14
15
DEQATN 200
FDSSQ(R1,R2,R3,R4,R5)=(R1**2+R2**2+R3**2+R4**2+R5**2)
$
WS11-7
$
DVPREL1 1
1
DVPREL1 2
2
DVPREL1 3
3
DVPREL1 4
4
DVPREL1 5
5
DVPREL1 6
6
FREQ
100
GRID
1
23456
GRID
2
23456
MAT1
200
PELAS
20
PELAS
21
PELAS
22
RLOAD1 200
TABLED1 210
1.
ENDDATA
PELAS
1.0
PELAS
1.0
PELAS
1.0
PELAS
1.0
PELAS
1.0
PELAS
1.0
4.0
20
1.0E3
21
1.5E3
22
2.0E3
20
.05
21
.05
22
.05
4.5
1.
5.0
0.
5.5
0.
2.
0.
0.
0.3
0.1
1.0E7
1.0E3
1.5E3
2.0E3
201
1.
210
10.
1.
ENDT
6.0
2. Compare the Sensitivity Printout

The sensitivity print out for the SSQ response
****************************************************************************
*
*
*
D E S I G N
S E N S I T I V I T Y
M A T R I X
O U T P U T
*
*
*
*
*
*
R E S P O N S E
S E N S I T I V I T Y
C O E F F I C I E N T S
*
*
*
****************************************************************************
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRESP1 ID=
11
GRID ID=
1
COMP NO=
1
SEID=
0
SUBCASE RESP VALUE FREQ/TIME
DESIGN VARIABLE COEFFICIENT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.8718E-01 4.0000E+00
1 K1
-2.0951E-04
2 K2
-7.1772E-06
3 K3
-1.2402E-04
4 GE1
-4.8650E-02
5 GE2
9.2470E-05
6 GE3
-7.5393E-02
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRESP1 ID=
12
GRID ID=
1
COMP NO=
1
SEID=
0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 3.1026E-01 4.5000E+00
1 K1
-5.1749E-04
2 K2
-7.8940E-06
3 K3
-3.6389E-04
4 GE1
-2.1688E-01
5 GE2
2.2538E-03
6 GE3
-3.9102E-01
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRESP1 ID=
13
GRID ID=
1
COMP NO=
1
SEID=
0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 6.6514E-01 5.0000E+00
1 K1
-6.9685E-04
2 K2
-3.1737E-06
3 K3
-3.3339E-04
4 GE1
-2.2073E+00
5 GE2
1.3004E-02
6 GE3
-4.3026E+00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRESP1 ID=
14
GRID ID=
1
COMP NO=
1
SEID=
0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 2.9241E-01 5.5000E+00
1 K1
2.8222E-04
2 K2
8.7088E-06
3 K3
4.6273E-04
4 GE1
-2.1884E-01
5 GE2
1.2674E-02
6 GE3
-3.7439E-01
TWO MASS DIRECT FREQUENCY SENSITIVITY
D108G7V
NOVEMBER
8, 2002 MSC.NASTRAN 11/ 1/02
PAGE
19
0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRESP1 ID=
15
GRID ID=
1
COMP NO=
1
SEID=
0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.3771E-01 6.0000E+00
1 K1
5.1171E-05
2 K2
1.2517E-05
3 K3
1.5027E-04
4 GE1
-3.3135E-02
5 GE2
1.2923E-02
6 GE3
-2.5227E-02
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRESP2 ID=
100
RESPONSE TYPE= SYNTHETIC
SEID=
0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 6.7817E-01 4.0000E+00
1 K1
-1.1474E-03
2 K2
-3.2665E-06
3 K3
-4.0372E-04
4 GE1
-3.2262E+00
5 GE2
2.9704E-02
6 GE3
-6.2204E+00
WS11-8
3. Generate an Input File for Part A

Modify the input file, wkshp11a_fillin.dat to complete the exercise. The following is the
portion of the file to be filled in.
$ Method a: use new DEQATN intrinsic function: SSQ(X1,...,Xn)
$
$ First identify dynamic displacements at component1, grid 1 and at
$ frequencies=4.,4.5,5.,5.5,6.
$
DRESP1 ...
DRESP1 ...
DRESP1 ...
DRESP1 ...
DRESP1 ...
$
$ define a SSQ function using new DEQATN intrinsic function
$
DRESP2 ...
$
DEQATN ...
WS11-9
4. Compare an Input File for Part A

The completed portion of Part A is shown below:
$
$ Method a: use new DEQATN intrinsic function: SSQ(X1,...,Xn)
$
DRESP1 11
U1
FRDISP
1
4.0
DRESP1 12
U1
FRDISP
1
4.5
DRESP1 13
U1
FRDISP
1
5.0
DRESP1 14
U1
FRDISP
1
5.5
DRESP1 15
U1
FRDISP
1
6.0
$
DRESP2 100 FDSSQ
200
DRESP1
11
12
13
15
DEQATN 200
FDSSQ(R1,R2,R3,R4,R5)=SSQ(R1,R2,R3,R4,R5)
$
Compare the results with that provided in page 11-7.
WS11-10
1
1
1
1
1
14
5. Generating an Input File for Part B

Modify the input file, wkshp11b_fillin.dat to complete the exercise. The following is the portion of
the file to be filled in.

$
$ First identify dynamic displacements at component1, grid 1 and at
$ frequencies=4.,4.5,5.,5.5,6.
$
DRESP1 ...
DRESP1 ...
DRESP1 ...
DRESP1 ...
DRESP1 ...
$
$ define a SSQ function using direct DRESP2 function reference
$
DRESP2 ...
$
WS11-11
6. Compare an Input File for Part B

The completed portion for the Part B exercise is shown here:
$ Method b: use durect DRESP2 function reference
$
DRESP1 11
U1
FRDISP
1
DRESP1 12
U1
FRDISP
1
DRESP1 13
U1
FRDISP
1
DRESP1 14
U1
FRDISP
1
DRESP1 15
U1
FRDISP
1
$
DRESP2 100 FDSSQ
SSQ
DRESP1
11
12
15
Compare the results with that provided in page 11-7.
WS11-12
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
13
1
1
1
1
1
14
7. Generating an Input File for Part C

Modify the input file, wkshp11c_fillin.dat to complete the exercise. The following is the portion of
the file to be filled in.
$
$
$ Identify dynamic dislacement response at grid1, component 1
$ and use direct DRESP1 function reference
$
DRESP1 ...
WS11-13
8. Compare Input File for Part C

The completed portion for the Part C exercise is shown here:
$
$
$ Identify dynamic dislacement response at grid1, component 1
$ and use direct DRESP1 function reference
$
DRESP1 100
U1
FRDISP
1
SSQ
Compare the results with that provided in page 11-7. Notice that only the SSQ response
sensitivities are printed out since the five individual displacement responses are not
explicitly defined.
WS11-14
WORKSHOP 12
EXTERNAL RESPONSE (DRESP3)
WS12-1
WS12-2
Objective:
Learn how to set up an external response optimization task using
the same box design problem used in Workshop 2. You will write Fortran
routines to define the volume and surface area instead of using DEQATN
entries.
WS12-3

1.
2.
Compare the Input File
3.
Modify DRESP3 Server Routine, r3sgrt
4.
Compare the modified server routine, r3sgrt
5.
Modify server routine to define volume and surface area
6.
Compare modified server routine, r3svald
7.
Build the response server
8.
Submit Input file for MSC.Nastran for analysis
9.
View Results
WS12-4
Model Description
Objective Function: Minimize the material surface area.

S = 2 * ( W * H + L * H + 2.0 * W * L )
Design Variables: W (Width), H (Height), L (Length)
Constraints:
Volume: V = H * W * L 2.0
Initial Design
H = 1.5
W = 1.5
L = 1.5
S = 18.0
V = 3.375
Optimum Design
H = 2.0
W = 1.0
L = 1.0
S = 12.0
V = 2.0
WS12-5
1. Generating an Input File for MSC.NASTRAN Users

Following the instructions given in the input file, wkshp12_fillin.dat to complete the
exercise. The following input file is provided as a starting point.
$ Define an external response group using a CONNECT entry. Notice that

$ the group name must be referenced by the subsequent DRESP3 entries
CONNECT
TIME 5
diag 8,56 $
SOL 200
CEND
TITLE
= BOX MATERIAL MINIMIZATION WITH A VOLUME CONSTRAINT D200X8
DESOBJ = 2
DESSUB = 1
$DISPLACEMENT = ALL
STRESS
= NONE
SPC
= 1
ANALYSIS = STATICS
LOAD
= 1
BEGIN BULK
FORCE
1
2
1.0E7
1.0
0.0
0.0
GRID
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
GRID
2
1.0
0.0
0.0
MAT1
1
1.0E7
0.3
0.1
CROD
1
1
1
2
PROD
1
1
1.0
SPC1
1
23456
2
SPC1
1
123456 1
$
$ DUMMY DESIGN PROPERTY RELATIONS
$
DVPREL1
1
PROD
1
4
3
1.0
$
$
DESVAR DESVAR 2
L
1.5
0.1
10.0
DESVAR 3
H
1.5
0.1
10.0
$ Define volume and surface area using DRESP3 entries

DRESP3
DRESP3
DCONSTR 1
DSCREEN DRESP3
DOPTPRM DESMAX
1
-100.0
10
gmax
2.0
1
1.0E35
delp
1.e-16
1.0
ctmin
ENDDATA
WS12-6
1.e-16
2. Compare the Input File

The completed input file is shown below:
CONNECT DRESP3 WKSHOP EXTRESP

TIME 5
diag 8,56 $
SOL 200
CEND
TITLE
= BOX MATERIAL MINIMIZATION WITH A VOLUME
CONSTRAINT D200X8
DESOBJ = 2
DESSUB = 1
$DISPLACEMENT = ALL
STRESS
= NONE
SPC
= 1
ANALYSIS = STATICS
LOAD
= 1
BEGIN BULK
$
$
FORCE
1
2
1.0E7
1.0
0.0
GRID
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
GRID
2
1.0
0.0
0.0
MAT1
1
1.0E7
0.3
0.1
CROD
1
1
1
2
PROD
1
1
1.0
SPC1
1
23456
2
SPC1
1
123456 1
$
$ DUMMY DESIGN PROPERTY RELATIONS
$
DVPREL1
1
PROD
1
3
1.0
$
$
DESVAR 1
W
1.5
0.1
DESVAR 2
L
1.5
0.1
DESVAR 3
H
1.5
0.1
DRESP3 1
VOLUME WKSHOP VOLUME
DESVAR 1
2
3
DRESP3 2
SURFACE WKSHOP SURFACE
DESVAR 1
2
3
DCONSTR 1
1
2.0
1.0E35
DSCREEN DRESP3 -100.0 1
DOPTPRM DESMAX 10
delp
gmax
1.e-16
ENDDATA
0.0
WS12-7
10.0
10.0
10.0
1.0
ctmin
1.e-16
3. Modify DRESP3 Server Routine, R3SGRT

Modify DRESP3 server routine, r3grt to define response types.
SUBROUTINE R3SGRT(GRPID,TYPNAM,ERROR)
C 09/18/00;14:24:09
cdp
2001t1 na001130
C Update dr3srv per SHZ
C ---------------------------------------------------------------------C
PURPOSE: VERIFY THE EXTERNAL RESPONSE TYPE
C
Arguments
C
GRPID
input integer
- Group ID
C
TYPNAM input character*8
- Name of external response type
C
ERROR
input/output integer -error code for the call.
C
C
Method
C
Match the user input: typnam with the list of available
C
external response types. If no match is found, set error code.
C
Called by
C
R3CGRT
C
NOTE:
C
The writer of this routine is responsible to specify
C
NTYPES and R3TYPE.
C ---------------------------------------------------------------------C
VARIABLES PASSED IN
INTEGER GRPID, ERROR
CHARACTER*8 TYPNAM
C
LOCAL VARIABLES
INTEGER BADTYP
C
C
declaration for character array R3TYPE and initialize character
C
array R3TYPE with corresponding R3TYPE from DRESP3s
100
200
DATA BADTYP/7554/
ERROR = 0
DO 100 ITYPE = 1, NTYPES
IF (TYPNAM .EQ. R3TYPE(ITYPE)) THEN
GOTO 200
END IF
CONTINUE
ERROR = BADTYP
CONTINUE
RETURN
END
WS12-8
4. Compare the Server Routine, R3SGRT

The listing of server routine, r3grt is shown here:
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
SUBROUTINE R3SGRT(GRPID,TYPNAM,ERROR)
09/18/00;14:24:09
cdp
2001t1 na001130
Update dr3srv per SHZ
---------------------------------------------------------------------PURPOSE: VERIFY THE EXTERNAL RESPONSE TYPE
GRPID
TYPNAM
ERROR
input integer
- Group ID
input character*8
Method
Match the user input: typnam with the list of available
external response types. If no match is found, set error code.
Called by
R3CGRT
NOTE:
The writer of this routine is responsible to specify
NTYPES and R3TYPE.
---------------------------------------------------------------------VARIABLES PASSED IN
INTEGER GRPID, ERROR
CHARACTER*8 TYPNAM
C
C
C
LOCAL VARIABLES
INTEGER NTYPES, BADTYP
PARAMETER(NTYPES=2)
CHARACTER*8 R3TYPE(NTYPES)
C
DATA BADTYP/7554/
DATA R3TYPE/'VOLUME','SURFACE'/
100
200
C
ERROR = 0
DO 100 ITYPE = 1, NTYPES
IF (TYPNAM .EQ. R3TYPE(ITYPE)) THEN
GOTO 200
END IF
CONTINUE
ERROR = BADTYP
CONTINUE
RETURN
END
WS12-9
5. Modify Server Routine to Define Volume and Surface Area
Modify DRESP3 server routine, r3vald to define volume and surface area.
SUBROUTINE R3SVALD(GRPID,TYPNAM,
.
NITEMS,ARGLIS,
.
NSIZE, ARGVAL,
.
NWRDA8,ARGCHR,
.
DR3VAL,ERROR)
C ---------------------------------------------------------------------C
C
PURPOSE: COMPUTE THE EXTERNAL RESPONSE
C
C
GRPID
input integer
- Group id
C
C
NITEMS input integer
- dimension of array ARGLIS
C
NSIZE
input integer
- dimension of array ARGVAL
C
NWRDA8 input integer
- dimension of character array ARGCHR
C
ARGLIS input integer
- array of no. of items for each argument
C
ARGVAL input double
- array of all argument values
C
ARGCHR input character*8
- array of characters
C
DR3VAL output double
- value of the external response
C
ERROR
C
0 = print error messages
C
1 = do not print error messages.
C
C
Portion of routine is omitted
C
C
LOCAL VARIABLES
C
INTEGER BADTYP
C
declare user defined variables
C
DATA BADTYP /7554/
C
C
C
C
C
THE USER-SUPPLIED EQUATION TO DEFINE THE EXTERNAL RESPONSE

DEQATN 1
F(W,L,H)=W*L*H
DEQATN 2
F(W,L,H)=2.0*(W*H+L*H+2.0*W*L)
ERROR = 0
C
C
C
define equations of volume and surface area
RETURN
END
WS12-10
6. Compare the modified Server Routine, R3SVALD

The listing of server routine, r3vald is shown here. Notice there are many ways to modify
this routine:
SUBROUTINE R3SVALD(GRPID,TYPNAM,
.
NITEMS,ARGLIS,
.
NSIZE, ARGVAL,
.
NWRDA8,ARGCHR,
.
DR3VAL,ERROR)
C 07/02/01;11:30:11
cdp
V2001
nxf01800
C Update per SHZ
C ---------------------------------------------------------------------C
C
PURPOSE: COMPUTE THE EXTERNAL RESPONSE
C
C
GRPID
input integer
- Group id
C
C
NITEMS input integer
- dimension of array ARGLIS
C
NSIZE
input integer
- dimension of array ARGVAL
C
NWRDA8 input integer
- dimension of character array ARGCHR
C
ARGLIS input integer
- array of no. of items for each argument
C
ARGVAL input double
- array of all argument values
C
ARGCHR input character*8
- array of characters
C
DR3VAL output double
- value of the external response
C
ERROR
C
0 = print error messages
C
1 = do not print error messages.
C
C
Method
C
A)Set up various parameters from the argument list
C
B)Evaluate the external response based on the given TYPNAM
C
C)Return BADTYP error if TYPNAM is not matched here.
C
C
Called by
C
SendR3svald
C ---------------------------------------------------------------------C
WS12-11
6. Compare the modified Server Routine (Cont.)
C
C
C
VARIABLES PASSED IN
CHARACTER*8 TYPNAM, ARGCHR(NWRDA8)
INTEGER GRPID, NITEMS, NSIZE, ARGLIS(NITEMS), ERROR
DOUBLE PRECISION ARGVAL(NSIZE), DR3VAL
C
C
C
LOCAL VARIABLES
INTEGER BADTYP
DOUBLE PRECISION W,L,H
C
DATA BADTYP /7554/
C
C
C
C
C
THE USER-SUPPLIED EQUATION TO DEFINE THE EXTERNAL RESPONSE

DEQATN 1
F(W,L,H)=W*L*H
DEQATN 2
F(W,L,H)=2.0*(W*H+L*H+2.0*W*L)
ERROR = 0
C
C
C
set up parameters for various argument items

W = argval(1)
L = argval(2)
H = argval(3)
IF (TYPNAM .EQ. 'VOLUME') THEN
VOL = W*L*H
dr3val = VOL
ELSE IF (TYPNAM .EQ. 'SURFACE') THEN
SURF
= 2.D0*(W*H+L*H+2.D0*W*L)
DR3VAL = SURF
ELSE
ERROR = BADTYP
END IF
RETURN
END
WS12-12
7. Build Response Server
Build the response server using the following command:

msc2001 ./dr3srv build
Generate a connection evaluator file, called wkshp12_eval that associates the external
response group with the actual server program. The full content of file, wkshp12_eval is
shown here.
EXTRESP, - , /home/wkshop/server/dr3serv
Submit the Nastran job by adding a new keyword, gmconn where gmconn refers to the
evaluator file name.
WS12-13
find an available UNIX shell window and at the command prompt enter
Nastran fn scr=yes gmconn=wkshp12_eval
WS12-14
9. View Results
When the run is completed, edit the wkshp12.f06 file and search for the word FATAL. If no matches exist, search for the
word WARNING. Determine whether existing WARNING messages indicate modeling errors.
While still editing wkshp12.f06, search for the word H I S T O R Y. Compare the results obtained in the .f06 file with the
following:
***************************************************************
S U M M A R Y
O F
D E S I G N
C Y C L E
H I S T O R Y
***************************************************************

3
2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OBJECTIVE FROM
OBJECTIVE FROM
FRACTIONAL ERROR
MAXIMUM VALUE
CYCLE
APPROXIMATE
EXACT
OF
OF
NUMBER
OPTIMIZATION
ANALYSIS
APPROXIMATION
CONSTRAINT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INITIAL
1
1.800000E+01
1.200000E+01
1.200000E+01
-6.875000E-01
0.000000E+00
-5.960464E-07
2
1.200000E+01
1.200000E+01
0.000000E+00
-5.960464E-07
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BOX MATERIAL MINIMIZATION WITH A VOLUME CONSTRAINT D200X8
NOVEMBER
7, 2002 MSC.NASTRAN 11/ 7/02
PAGE
INITIAL DESIGN: W=1.5, L=1.5, AND H=1.5
20
0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL |
EXTERNAL
|
|
DV. ID. |
DV. ID.
|
LABEL
|
INITIAL
:
1
:
2
:
3
:
4
:
5
:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 |
1
| W
|
1.5000E+00 :
1.0000E+00 :
1.0000E+00 :
2 |
2
| L
|
1.5000E+00 :
1.0000E+00 :
1.0000E+00 :
3 |
3
| H
|
1.5000E+00 :
2.0000E+00 :
2.0000E+00 :
2.
WS12-15
WS12-16

Design+Sensitivity+and+Optimization+in+MSC Nastran+workshop

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design+Sensitivity+and+Optimization+in+MSC Nastran+workshop

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MSC.

Design Sensitivity and Optimization in

2. Minimization of surface material required for shipping box.

3. Frame structure design with different scaling

4. Calculation of design sensitivity coefficients.

5. Mode tracking exercise.

6. Shape optimization of a planar culvert.

7. Multi-disciplinary optimization problem subject to static, normal

modes, and frequency response.

the Eulers and Johnsons criteria.

10. Discrete variable optimization

11. Enhancement of dynamic response creation

12. External response (DRESP3)

Design Sensitivity and Optimization in

2. Minimization of surface material required for shipping box.

3. Frame structure design with different scaling

4. Calculation of design sensitivity coefficients.

5. Mode tracking exercise.

6. Shape optimization of a planar culvert.

7. Multi-disciplinary optimization problem subject to static, normal

modes, and frequency response.

the Eulers and Johnsons criteria.

10. Discrete variable optimization

11. Enhancement of dynamic response creation

12. External response (DRESP3)

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

Design Model Description

Objective Function: Weight minimization

Design Variables: Cross-sectional area A1 and A2

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

Suggested Exercise Steps

Open a new database and call it wkshp1.db.

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

Suggested Exercise Steps

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

Figure 1.1 Geometry and Finite Element

Figure 1.2 Constraints and Applied Forces (Case 1)

Figure 1.3 Constraints and Applied Forces (Case 2)

Table 1.1 Material Properties

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

Step 1. Create a New Database

f. Select Structural for

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

Step 2. Show All Labels

Show labels and change the view to

Whenever possible, deselect Auto

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

Step 3. Create New Nodes

Create new nodes

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

Step 4. Create bars

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

Step 5. Create and Define the Materials properties

Define a material using the specified

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

Step 6. Create a 1-D Rod and Set its Properties

Create a 1D rod with aluminum

and select rod elements 1 and 3

NAS 107, Workshop 1, April 2003

Step 7. Create another Rod and Set its Properties

Create another property with the new