ENGLISH II

TIAGO SILVA PEREIRA - 8907 FERNANDO JOS LIMA ALVES - 9107

COSTS LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTS MEANS

VALENA, 27 APRIL 2012

INDEX
1. 2. 3. 4. I. II. III. 5. I. II. III. IV. 6. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 3 What is Logistics? .......................................................................................................................... 4 What is the objective of Logistics? ............................................................................................... 4 Logistic costs .................................................................................................................................. 5 Cost of Storage ........................................................................................................................... 5 Costs of Stock: ....................................................................................................................... 6 Cost of Transport .................................................................................................................. 6 ROAD TRANSPORT................................................................................................................ 7 RAIL TRANSPORT ............................................................................................................. 8 WATER TRANSPORT ........................................................................................................ 9 AEREAL TRANSPORT ..................................................................................................... 11

TRANSPORTS .............................................................................................................................. 7

BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................... Erro! Marcador no definido.

1. INTRODUCTION

This work was realized to the English discipline. The teacher proposed some themes to choice and we choose the logistic theme. In the logistic theme we choose the following topics: cost logistics and transport means. We know that today's the logistic is an area that has developed much. So it is increasingly important to identify the costs of logistics and quantify them. In contrast, the means of transport also has developed a lot, and that is why today we increasingly globalized logistics. We fail to supply the markets close, but also the global market.

2. What is Logistics? Logistics management is the area responsible for providing resources, information and equipment to perform all activities of a company. Logistics was born also to institutions and organizations comprising numerous military origins. Can you say - if, however, that the military has always been the most striking development in terms of logistics. Logistics in this area included five large components: Supply Transportation Maintenance Hospitalization Evacuation of Wounded

3. What is the objective of Logistics? The main objective of logistics is to make products and services are available where needed, when they are desired at the lowest possible cost and level of service required by the client. Can say that the logistics has with objective to minimize the cost and maximize profits.

4. Logistic costs Logistics costs are all costs related to the logistics of a company, such as: Cost of Storage Cost of Stock Cost Acquisition Cost Order Cost of Break Cost of Ownership of Stock Cost of Transport

I.

Cost of Storage

Storage costs are generally fixed and indirect, realizing at the outset the difficulty of managing the operations and especially the impact of their costs. The high proportion of fixed costs in power storage that costs are proportionate to the existing capacity in the warehouse, regardless of the warehouse is full or empty, the costs remain the same, since all the players continue to exist (Workers, Space, Equipment).

However, one of the storage costs can pass through the cost of warehouse, having regard for this is not their own can be rented, resulting in a main storage costs.

II.

Costs of Stock:

Stocks are in fact a very important component in the management of any company, not only because immobilize capital, but also because they also involve other costs. Such as: Cost Acquisition- Is the part that should be paid to the supplier acquired by the unit, this amount is simply the cost of units purchased. Cost of Order- This cost is fixed independently of quantity ordered. Are administrative costs of the services that make the placement and monitoring of orders. Cost of Break- are the costs associated with the lack of a particular product, they can be very damaging to the company. However, the existence of break can lead to loss of confidence of its customers. Cost of Ownership of Stock- corresponds to the cost of keeping in stock a unit of a product over a period of time. III. Cost of Transport

The transport service involves the use of several types of resources and hence various types of costs. That is, the cost transport is all the capital invested in the movement of products to the final customer. These costs are considered one of the largest logistics costs having great importance in the final product price.

5. TRANSPORTS Definition of transports Transports is a mean of moving of goods or people of one location to other location Exists various types of transports, and in this work we present four. Are it road, rail, water and air. All transports use infrastructures, for moving.

I.

ROAD TRANSPORT

From the first times, that the Man met the necessity of moving. For centuries the mean of transport that they used to moving was done by animals.

With the evolution of times, the Man needed of others means of moving, faster between two points. With the industrial revolution, appeared the first machine to steam. Henry Ford launched the Model T, launching definitely the era car

With roads development, the road transport gain ground to the rail, that was the big competitor Presently, with a big roads development, the cars arrive to all points of Country or Europe. In Logistic, the roads transport is the big important area to the cost. The total cost of companies in this type of transport is the 20%, and the companies want down this cost. Advantages - Flexibility - Transport door-to-door - Economic and faster to the short distances Disadvantages Traffic intense High fuel consume Pollution atmospheric Low capacity of charge

II.

RAIL TRANSPORT

In 1705, Thomas Newcomen invents the first steam machine, and James Watt improved in 1765. The first steam machine was presented to the public in 1814, by George Stepherson

During the Industrial Revolution, was the increase the production of goods and the necessity of transport more faster, and in big scale in two points, that take the more use the steam machine.

The Europe started to encourage this mean of transport, and started to network development in your countries.

The rail transport is fundamental in logistics chain, that facilitating commercial interchange, and economic growing. Is a mean of transport with a high capacity of charge and energetically efficient. This transport usually transports charges with o low value, like products agricultural and fertilizers, ores, and others. Advantages Comfortable Pollution Low Economic to long distances Low fuel consume

Disadvantages Fixed route High cost in infrastructures maintenance

III.

WATER TRANSPORT

The water transpor is a aquatic transport that use as passage the open sea. During the century XIX, were made great advances due to steam technology evolution.

The improvement to the water transport was stimulated by concentration the people into the coast and river areas. With the development the automobile industry and aviation the importance this mean of transport decreased. The water transport, includes various types of charges, such as fuel, chemists, cereals, automobiles, foods, etc Generally the charge is transported by pallets, boxes, containers and barrel. From the years 60, the charge more used is containers and are contributed by development this transport. The first boat to use a steam machine, in a transatlantic crossing was the Savannah, in 1819. Advantages Transport high charge and big quantity Low cost

Disadvantages Low speed High distance between the maritime ports and industries Little flexibility of charge

IV.

AEREAL TRANSPORT

The aerial transport is the movement of people or goods by the air, with the use of aeroplane or helicopters. This type of transport is used preferentially to transport people, urgent goods or high cost goods The aerial transport is the form more modern of transport, and that more quickly was development. After the First Big World War, that the aerial transport achieved greater notoriety. This mean of transport was more contributed for reduction of time into dislocation between two points distant. The airplanes imply the construction of infrastructures specials. The airports, require big spaces and complicated inputs and outputs flights. Advantages - Faster to transport people and goods a long distance - Security and confortable - Appropriate to transport goods high cost or urgent Disadvantages Big pollution atmospheric Big sound pollution together airports High cost High fuel consume

6. CONCLUSION In this work, we intend to address the costs will Logistica, and also what are the principal means of transportation exist in Logistics. The costs considered were: Cost of Storage, Cost of Stock, Cost Acquisition, Cost Order, Cost of Break, Cost of Ownership of Stock and Cost of Transport. Means of transport was made to approach the origin of transport in Logistics and what its usefulness. The means of transport have been addressed, Road Transport, Rail Transport, Water Transport and Aereal Transport.

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Carvalho, Jos Crespo. Logistica e Gesto da Cadeia de Abastecimento, Edies Silabo

Dias, Joo Carlos Quaresma. Logistica Global e MacroLogistica, Edies Silabo

Lima, Jonas Henrique. Fundamentos de Logistica (2011), Gesto da Distribuio e Logistca IPVC