Thermochemistry Quiz

1(a) Two campers are desperately short of calor gas, yet they badly need a hot drink. They estimate that they have the equivalent of 1.12 dm 3 of calor gas in their gas bottle . Assume that the calor gas is pure butane with a standard enthalpy change of combustion of 3000 kJ mol-1. Given that the process is 77 % efficient, calculate the maximum mass of water at a initial temperature of 20oC which the campers could boil in order to make some hot coffee at room temperature and pressure ? Given that the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g-1 K-1 . [4] (b) The industrial preparation of the polymer, poly(tetrafluoroethene) or PTFE, is based on the synthesis of the monomer tetrafluoroethene, CF2=CF2.The monomer CF2=CF2 can be synthesized via two different reactions. In the first reaction, CF2=CF2 is produced via the thermal cracking of chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF2: 2CHClF2 (g) CF2=CF2 (g) + 2HCl (g) reaction 1

In the second reaction, CF2=CF2 is obtained from CHF3: 2CHF3 (g) CF2=CF2(g) + 2HF(g) Hrxn = +198.1 kJ mol-1 reaction 2

Consider this information, together with the data in the table below, and answer the following questions. Compound HCl (g) CHClF2 (g) CF2=CF2 (g) (i) (ii) (iii) Hf / kJ mol-1 -92.3 -485.2 -658.3

Explain, with the aid of an equation, what is meant by the standard enthalpy change of formation of CHClF2 (g) is 485.2 kJ mol-1. Using an energy cycle, calculate the value of the standard enthalpy change for reaction 1. State two disadvantages to the use of reaction 2 which would make reaction 1 preferable. [6]

2(a)

When a person exercises, it is the process known as cell respiration that provides the body with the energy needed. In this process, glucose, C6H12O6 (s), is fully burnt in the body in a reaction which is similar to the one in which glucose is fully combusted in oxygen : C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l)

A person exercising uses energy at the average of 240 kJ per hour. With the aid of the data given below, calculate the mass of glucose that has to undergo complete combustion to provide this energy for one hour. Standard enthalpy change of formation of carbon dioxide = -393 kJ mol-1 Standard enthalpy change of formation of water = -286 kJ mol-1 Standard enthalpy change of formation of glucose = -1248 kJ mol-1 [4] (b) Some information on enthalpy changes when dissolving sodium fluoride, NaF(s), are given below : Lattice energy of sodium fluoride = -918 kJ mol-1 Standard enthalpy change of hydration of sodium ion(Na+) = -390 kJ mol-1 Standard enthalpy change of hydration of fluoride ion (F-) = - 457 kJ mol-1

(i)

Determine the standard enthalpy change of solution of sodium fluoride by incorporating the given enthalpy values into an energy cycle. How would you expect the temperature to change when sodium fluoride is dissolved in water? Explain qualitatively why the numerical magnitude of the hydration energy of sodium fluoride is larger than that of sodium chloride. [6]

(ii) (iii)

3(a)

(i)

Construct and label carefully a Born-Haber cycle for the formation of iron(II) oxide from its elements.

Use the cycle to calculate the lattice energy of iron (II) oxide. Incorporate the relevant data from the table below as well as relevant data from the Data Booklet. Enthalpy term Standard enthalpy change of formation of FeO Standard enthalpy change of atomisation of Fe First electron affinity of O Second electron affinity of O (ii) H / kJ mol-1 - 278 + 416 - 141 + 790

Explain qualitatively how you would expect the numerical magnitude of the lattice energy hence the relative stability of iron (II) oxide to compare with that of calcium (II) oxide. [6]

(b)

In an experiment to determine the enthalpy change of neutralisation at room temperature and pressure, a student mixed different volumes of 1.0 mol dm-3 of aqueous acid, HX with different volumes of a 1.0 mol dm-3 aqueous base, MOH. He measured the rise in temperature of each reaction mixture. The results are tabulated below : Volume of HX Volume of MOH Rise in temperature of used / cm3 used / cm3 reaction mixture / cm3 16 84 2.2 30 70 4.1 44 56 6.0 58 42 5.7 72 28 3.8 86 14 1.9 By plotting a suitable graph, find the enthalpy change of neutralisation of HX with MOH, in kJ mol-1 at room temperature and pressure. Assume that the specific heat capacity of each reaction mixture is 4.2 J g -1 K-1 respectively. [4]

4.

The compound furan, (CH)4O is unsaturated and has a structure in which the four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom are connected together in a ring. It is a liquid at room temperature with a boiling point of 31oC. It is used to make solvents and nylon. Draw the displayed formula for furan, showing all the atoms and bonds. [1] Calculate the enthalpy change of the following reaction of furan at 298 K using the algebraic method. (CH4)4O (l) 4C (g) + 4H (g) + O (g)

(a)

(b)

Use the following given enthalpy values : Hf [ (CH)4O ] = - 62 kJ mol-1 Hat (C) = + 717 kJ mol-1 Hat (H) = + 218 kJ mol-1 Hat (O) = + 250 kJ mol-1 (c)

[4]

Using appropriate bond energy values from the Data Booklet, calculate another value for the same reaction in part (b) . [3]

(d)

By considering the bonding in furan and the definition of bond energy, suggest a reason for the difference in values calculated in parts (b) and (c). [1] Liquid furan is transported by road tankers. Briefly explain why an explosion may happen during transportation if precautions are not taken. [1]

(e)

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