Numerical Modeling of Gas Turbine Combustor Integrated with Diffuser

Ke Su and Qian Zhou Department of Engineering Purdue University Calumet

Combustor Simulations
l Single Domain Simulation
All components of combustor, including diffuser, secondary flow annuli, and liner

l Sectional Simulation
Diffuser and secondary channel domain (no chemical reactions, no particle phase) Combustion domain, i.e., liner domain

l Integral Simulation of Multi-Domain with Parallel

Processing

Single Domain Simulations

l Advantages
Less boundary settings (only two b.c.), leading to higher accuracy Real time transient simulation (future work) No interfaces needed in computation

l Disadvantages
More requirements for memory and speed of computers (workstations and mainframes) due to more nodes More computation time (33 hours on taz for 2000 iterations)

Single Computational Domain

Inflow boundary Outflow boundary Solid wall

Inlet Outlet Solid wall

Computation Descriptions
l Computation Descriptions
A grid with 80,000 cells at minimum requirements Simplified swirler Tin = 600K, Pout = 8atm, mfuel = 0.12kg/s

l Comparisons with Existing Work (Croker, 1998)

A grid of 370,000 cells for combustor from exit of compressor to exit of liner A grid of 100,000 cells for detailed swirler

Grid of Combustor (Diffuser and Liner)

A sector of 22.5 degree span
X Z Y

Grid of Combustor
Solid wall
X Y Z

Inflow boundary (from compressor)

Outflow boundary to turbine Solid wall

Periodic boundary

Periodic boundary

Computational Results - Flow Field

X

Axial section at 11.25 degree in circumference

Axial section at 5.6 degree in circumference

Computational Results - Temperature

X

Axial section at 11.25 degree in circumference

Temp 237 3 224 4 211 5 198 6 185 7 172 8 159 9 147 0 134 1 121 2 108 3 954 824 695 566

Axial section at 5.6 degree in circumference

Te mp 23 76 22 47 21 18 19 88 18 59 17 30 16 00 14 71 13 42 12 12 10 83 95 4 82 5 69 5 56 6

Computations (without Diffuser - Temperature)

X

Axial section at 11.25 degree in circumference

Te mp 25 33 23 98 22 64 21 29 19 95 18 60 17 26 15 91 14 57 13 22 11 88 10 53 91 9 78 4 65 0

Axial section at 5.6 degree in circumference

Te mp 25 33 23 98 22 64 21 29 19 95 18 60 17 26 15 91 14 57 13 22 11 88 10 53 91 9 78 4 65 0

Computations (without Diffuser) - Flow Field

X

Axial section at 11.25 degree in circumference

Axial section at 5.6 degree in circumference

Pressure Recovery in Diffuser

l Pressure Recovery
Function of a diffuser is to reduce velocity and to convert kinetic energy or dynamic pressure into a rise in static pressure Pressure recovery coefficient is defined as
Cp=(P2-P1
91 ^2)

where 1 - inlet of diffuser 2 - outlets of secondary channels

l Validations
Comparisons of pressure recovery coefficients of diffuser and secondary channels with experimental data of Karki et al (1992) Computations and experiments in reasonable agreements

Pressure Recovery - Diffuser and Outer Annulus

0.6

0.4 Cp 0.2 Outer Predicted Outer Measured 0.0 0 10 20 Z (cm) 30 40

Pressure Recovery - Diffuser and Inner Annulus

0.6

0.4 Cp 0.2 Inner Predicted Inner Measured 0.0 0 10 20 Z (cm ) 30 40

Combustion Efficiency
1.00 Semi-Empiric al Predic tions 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.95

0.96

0.97

0.98

0.99

1.00

Numerical Predictions

Effects of Non-Uniform Velocities at Inlet

l Effects of Non-Uniform Profiles of Velocity at Inlet of
Diffuser on Combustion Performance
Non-uniform profiles of velocity at the inlet of diffuser influence flow distributions in liner, and then temperature distributions at the exit of liner Non-uniform factor of velocity profiles is defined as Umax r or =(Umax-Umin)/Uave
urrhq vhqvhyhq

circumferential directions respectively ave - average velocity

Umin

l Exit Temperature Distribution Deteriorates with Increase

of Velocity Non-Uniform Factor

Effect of Non-Uniform Velocities: Radial

X Y Z

Flow field at primary holes for

r =2

Effect of Non-Uniform Velocities: Radial

0.28 0.27 0.26 OTDF 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Radial Non-Uniform Factor 2.0 2.5

Effect of Non-Uniform Velocities: Circumferential

X Y Z

Flow field at primary holes for

=2

Effect of Non-Uniform Velocities: Circumferential

0.28 0.27 0.26 OTDF 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Circumferential Non-Uniform Factor

10