ERODE SENGUNTHAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Presented by

IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE ON ENVIRONMENT

M. MAHESH L. POOVENDRAN

AND
ITS MANAGEMENT

Dept. Of Civil Engineering Erode Sengunthar Engineering College Thudupathi. Erode.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this Paper is to understand the process of solid waste management and the ill effects of solid waste to the environment if not treated Properly

WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?

Any material that is thrown away which is unwanted and useless is consider as solid waste.

What is the need for Management?

Eg: Sludge, Garbage, discarded materials, house hold wastes

Indian cities / towns generate on an average 300 400 gm per capita per day. The waste generation of corporation is 643 MT / day. Without proper management, municipal solid waste become a severe threat to the communities living nearby.

TYPES OF SOLID WASTE

Recyclables
Plastic & Paper Metals Glass

Organic
Kitchen Waste Agro Waste Animal Waste

Inert
Sand Pebbles Gravels

Solid Waste

GENERAL COMPOSITION OF THE MSW

Bio Degradable 50%

Recyclables 20%

Others 8%

Inerts 22%

SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE

1.Residential Waste 2. Commercial Waste 3. Industrial Waste 4. Open areas Waste 5. Treatment Waste 6.Agricultural Waste

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT DUE TO IMPROPER DISPOSAL

Improper collection and disposal result in increased disease transmission. The improper handling of medical waste can harm workers. When organic wastes are disposed in landfills, they become significant sources of methane.

Mosquitoes breed in blocked drains and in rainwater that is retained in discarded cans, tire and other objects.

Contd../..

Uncollected wastes often end up in drains, causing blockages that result in flooding and unsanitary conditions. Methane is more effective than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas, leading to climate change.

Polluted water flowing from waste dumps and disposal sites can cause serious pollution of water supplies, ponds and lakes.

DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE

OLDEN

METHODS

Burning
o o

process Open dumping

Dumping on land Dumping in water

MODERN
Land
o o o

METHODS

Incineration

fills Compositing
Aerobic composting Anaerobic composting Vermi composting

Recycle

BURNING PROCESS

It is undesirable due to smoke, objectionable odors and the chemicals emanate from burning.

OPEN DUMPING

Open dumping of solid waste is done in low-lying areas and outskirts of the towns and cities. This method of disposal is extensively used in India. Open dumping requires large land areas, which further leads to the problem of land shortage for human habitation.

OPEN DUMPING ON LAND

Dumping on land was a simple task to haul solid wastes to the edge of town. Open dumps also attracted flies and rats that spread diseases.

OPEN DUMPING ON WATER

It was used in coastal areas, in spite of that it was not favored because of pollution This haphazard disposal became a matter of great concern to public health authorities.

MODERN DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE

INCINERATION DUMP SITES (LAND FILLS) COMPOSITING RECYCLING

INCINERATION

It is the process of that treats waste though combustion of

organic materials.

The waste products are turned into ash, particulates, flue gases and heat that can also be used to generate electric power.

It can be used to reduce the original volume of

combustible solid wastes by 80-90%.

Hospital waste may be safely disposed by this process.

ADVANTAGES OF INCENERATION
Saves

Money on Transport of waste of Energy from waste

Production

Formation

of gases are totally eliminated

LANDFILL

The wastes to be disposed off are compacted and covered with the layer of soil. Solid wastes are placed in alternate layers of 80cm thick refuse covered with selected earth fill of 20cm thickness.

After two or three years, solid waste volume shrinks by 25-30% .

ADVANTAGES OF LAND FILL

A specific location for disposal

It can be reclaimed, built on or used as parks or farming land.

Waste going to a properly designed landfills can be processed to remove all recyclable materials before tipping. Capture the natural gas (methane) produced by the decomposing material underground. Availability of Renewable Source Energy

COMPOSTING
Composting is the method in which organic matter in the solid waste is converted into humus and stable mineral by biological action. Types of Composting Aerobic composting: - This means to compost with air. High nitrogen waste (like grass clippings or other green material) Anaerobic composting: - This is composting without air. Anaerobic composting is low maintenance since you simply throw it in a pile and wait a couple years. Vermi composting: - This is most beneficial for composting food waste. Along with red worms, this includes composting with bacteria, fungi, insects, and other bugs.

COMPOSTING
Aerobic An aerobic 1 = Water level 2 = Well concrete rings 3 = motor 4 = methane gas holder 5 = gas outlet

Vermi composting

COMPOSTING %

ADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITING

Saleable Product Destruction of pathogens Reduces mass and volume Improved transportability Soil conditioner Land application is convenient Improves nutrient qualities Decreases pollutants

RECYCLING

Recycling is one of the most economical methods of controlling pollution. Recycling is a much abused term, generally taken to mean getting something back from waste. Recycling falls into three main categories, 1.Re-use 2.Reduce 3. Recycle

CASE STUDY : SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ERODE

The compost yard for Erode Municipality is situated at Vendipalayam. 5km from Municipal Office.

It is about 19 acres in square area About 110 Mt to 135 Mt of Municipal garbage is dumped in the Compost yard for the past 25 years without any treatment and segregation.

Now it is proposed to compost the segregated degradable waste and to make manure from already half-composted. Old dumped garbage.

This project is implemented with the advices and guidance's from the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

ERODE COMPOSITE YARD VENDI PALAYAM

WHAT CAN WE DO?

ADOPT THE 3R PRINCIPLE ENCOURAGE THE USE OF COMPOST RATHER THAN CHEMICAL FERTILIZER. RAISE AWARENESS AMONG THE PUBLIC THROUGH VARIOUS TRAINING AND INTERACTIVE PROGRAM.

REFERENCE

http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/wte/typ/clas/msw.html http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in http://www.avma.org/issues/environment/wastedisposal/definitions.asp#U niversalWaste