Ad Hoc Wireless Networking

Lecture Notes-1
By Vadiraja A. Lecturer, Dept. ISE, DSCE

Introduction: 1. Principle: Multi-hop relaying 2. History i. 500BC Daurius the king of Persia Devised an innovative communication system Line of shouting : men positioned on tall structures or heights 25 times faster than normal messengers ii. Many ancient and tribal societies used this ad hoc voice communication With a string of repeaters of drums, trumpets or horns 3. ALOHA i. 1970 university of Hawaii Norman Abramson ii. Implemented for fixed single-hop wireless network. iii. Triggered Ethernet by Robert Metcalfe & PRNET 4. PRNET i. Packet Radio Network: defence sponsored by DARPA(Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency) ii. A packet wireless network for military applications iii. Initially it had a centralized control but evolved into a distributed multi-hop wireless communication system. iv. Used a combination of ALOHA and CSMA (carrier sence multiple access) v. the system was designed to self organize self-reconfigure detect radio connectivity for the dynamic operation of a routing protocol without any support from fixed infrastructure. Success of PRNET proved the feasibility & efficiency of infrastructure-less network. 5. SURAN i. Survivable radio networks provided ad hoc networking for, small low-cost low power devices with efficient protocols improved scalability and survivability 6. MANET i. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) realized the necessity of open standards for ad hoc networking. ii. And termed it has MANET (mobile ad hoc networks). 7. Bluetooth i. 1994 Ericsson the Swedish communication equipment maker proposed a short range low power low complexity inexpensive radio interface & associated protocols ii. Which was known as Bluetooth iii. For ubiquitous connectivity among heterogeneous devices. iv. SIG (special interest group) formed by 3Com, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia and Toshiba took over Bluetooth.

v. First commercial realisations of ad hoc wireless networking. single-hop point-to-point wireless link for voice and data exchange. 1. Piconet: formed by a group of nodes in a smaller geographical region where every node can reach every other node in a group in single-hop. 2. Scatternet: formed by multiple piconets which necessitates the use of multihop routing protocols. 8. Hybrid architectures i. Mobile ad hoc networks can function in the presence of infrastructure. ii. Examples: MCN (Multi-hop cellular networks) SOPRANO (Self-Organizing packet radio ad hoc networks with overlay) iii. helps improve the capacity of the system significantly. 9. Successful commercial deployment requires realistic solution to different problems like i. support of QoS provisioning ii. real-time applications iii. pricing iv. cooperative functioning v. energy efficient relaying vi. load balancing vii. support for multicast traffic. Ref: Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks, CSR Murthy, BS Manoj