CH 05

Productivity
Productivity
Applications
Applications

Lucia D. Krisnawati,
Lucia D. Krisnawati,
SS., MA
SS., MA
Doug Engelbart Explores Hyperspace
Doug Engelbart Explores Hyperspace

-
Doug Engelbart
One of the pioneers of the computer hardware and software
In 1968, he demonstrated his Augment system:
OMouse
OVideo display editing
OMixed text and graphics, windowing
OOutlining
OShared-screen video conferencing
OComputer conferencing
OGroupware
OHypermedia

Software Ownership Rights
Software Ownership Rights
-
Discuss with your neighbor the following
terminologies:
Shareware
Freeware
Public domain software
-
Shareware:
copyrighted software that is distributed in the
honor system; consumers should either pay for
it or uninstall it after the trial period
-
Freeware:
copyrighted software that may be free of
charge
-
Public domain software:
Is not copyrighted, the ownership rights to the
program have been donated to the public
domain
Word Processors and Other Word Tools
-
Working with a word processor involves several steps:
Entering text
Editing text
Formatting the document
Proofreading the document
Saving the document on disk
Printing the document
-
WYSIWYG:
Modern feature for word processor
Question:
What kind of tasks that enables users to perform in advanced
formatting features?

-
Entering, Editing, and Formatting Text
Entering text
OText displayed on the screen and stored in the computers RAM
OSave your work periodically because RAM is not permanent
memory
Editing text
ONavigating to different parts of a document
OInserting or deleting text at any point
OMoving & copying text
OSearching and replacing words or phrases

Formatting commands
OFormatting characters
Measured by point size (one point = 1/72 inch)
A font is a size and style of typeface
Serif fonts have serifs or fine lines at the ends of each
character
Monospaced fonts and proportionally spaced fonts

A
20 pts
A
40 pts 80 pts 120 pts
A
A A
200 pts
Bradley Hand ITC
Arial
How It Works: Font Technology
How It Works: Font Technology
- Character:
A collection of dots in an invisible grid
Bitmapped fonts store characters as a black or white bit in a
matrix
Scalable outline fonts represent each character as an outline
that can be scaled
-
3 most commonly available fonts:
PostScript =Adobe
Apples TrueType
OpenType
Combination of PostScript & TrueType
Developed by Adobe & Microsoft
-
Font Category:
Serif fonts (times new roman, Georgia, book Antiqua, Palatino)
Sans serif fonts (Arial, Helvetica, Futura, Lucida Sans)
Monospaced fonts (courier, courier new, Lucida
console)
Display fonts (Comic sans MS, Birth, Tekton)
Symbol fonts (-symbol,)_-)_-wingdings)
O
Formatting paragraphs involves:
Margin settings
Line spacing
Indents
Tabs
Justification

O
Formatting the document
Style sheets
Headers and footers
Multiple variable-width columns
Graphics
Automatic editing features
Hidden comments
Table of contents and indexes
Coaching and help features (sometimes
called wizards)
Conversion to HTML for Web publishing

-
Rules of Thumb: Word Processing Is Not
Typing
Use the Return or Enter key only when you must
OWord wrap moves text to the next line
Use tabs and margin guides, not the spacebar, to
align columns
OWYSIWYG is a matter of degree
OText that looks perfectly aligned onscreen may not line up
on paper

-
The Wordsmiths Toolbox
-
Outliners and Idea Processors are effective
at:
Arranging information into levels
Rearranging ideas and levels
Hiding and revealing levels of detail as needed

-
Synonym Finders
A computerized thesaurus can provide
instantaneous feedback for synonyms and
antonyms

-
Digital References
Dictionaries, quotation books, encyclopedias, atlases, almanacs
and other references are now available in digital form
The biggest advantage of the electronic form is speed
The biggest drawback is that quick and easy copying might
tempt writers to plagiarize

-
Spelling Checkers
Compare words in your document with words in a disk-based
dictionary
OWords might be flagged, but you make the decision to ignore or
change the spelling
OI wood never have guest that my spelling checker would super
seed my editor as my mane source of feed back.

-
Grammar and Style Checkers
Analyzes each word in
context, checking for
errors of content
Checks spelling
Points out possible errors
and suggests
improvements
Analyzes prose
complexity using
measurements such as
sentence length and
paragraph length

-
Form Letter Generators
Mail merge capabilities produce personalized form
letters
O Create a database with names
O Create a form letter
O Merge the database with the form letter to create a personalized
letter
Incorporate custom paragraphs based on the
recipients personal data
O Makes each letter look as if it were individually written

-
Collaborative Writing Tools
Groupware: software designed to be used by a workgroup
OProvides for collaborative writing and editing
OTracks changes and identifies by the originators name
OCompares document versions and highlights differences in
documents

Emerging Word Tools
Emerging Word Tools
-
Processing handwritten words (handwriting
recognition)
-
Processing human speech:
Recognizing words without being trained
Handling speech without limiting vocabulary
Handle continuous speech
-
Intelligent Word Processing Software
Pop-up reminders on how often the writer uses a word
Analyzing a writer writing style, modifying thesaurus
Modifying writing format

The Desktop Publishing Story
-
What Is Desktop Publishing?
-
The process of producing a book, magazine, or other
publication includes several steps:
Writing text
Editing text

Producing drawings, photographs, and other graphics to
accompany the text
Designing a basic format for the publication
Typesetting text
Arranging text and graphics on pages
Typesetting and printing pages
Binding pages into a finished publication

-
With modern desktop publishing technology (DTP),
the production process can be accomplished with
sophisticated tools that are affordable and easy to use
-
A desktop publishing system generally includes:
One or more Macs or PCs
A scanner
OTransforms photographs and hand-drawn images into computer-
readable documents
A high-resolution printer

-
Desktop publishing
software:
OImage editing software
OPage-layout software
combines the various source
documents into a coherent,
visually appealing publication
QuarkXpress
PageMaker
Adobe InDesign

-Why Desktop Publishing?
Saves money
Saves time
Can reduce the number of publication errors
Offers new hope for every individuals right to
publish

-
Rules of Thumb: Beyond DESKTOP
TaCkY!?
Plan before you publish
Use appropriate fonts
Dont go style-crazy
Look at your document through your
readers eyes
Learn from the masters
Know your limitations
Remember the message
OThe purpose of publishing is
communication; dont try to use
technology to disguise the lack of
something to communicate

Beyond the Printed World
Beyond the Printed World
-
Electronic Books and Digital Paper
The electronic book, or ebook, is a handheld
device that can contain anything from todays top
news stories to lengthy novels
Digital paper, or epaper, is a flexible, portable,
paper-like material that can dynamically display
black-and-white text and images on its surface

-
Creating Professional-looking
Documents
-
Rules of Thumb:
Plan before you publish
Use appropriate fonts
Dont go style-crazy
View your document through your
readers eyes
Learn from the masters
Know your limitations
Remember the message

The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and
Speculation
Speculation
-
Spreadsheet:
A document containing a group of values and
other data organized into rows and columns
-
Spreadsheet software:
Application software used to increase
spreadsheets which contain numbers and
mathematical computation organized into rows
and columns
-
Worksheet:
a single spreadsheet document in a spreadsheet
program
-
Workbook:
A collection of worksheets saved in a single
spreadsheet file

Speculation
Speculation
Speculation
Speculation
Formulas: allow you to

create instructions using
mathematical expressions and
commands
Functions:a named formula

that can be entered into a
worksheet cell to perform
some type of calculation or
extract information from other
cells in the worksheet

Speculation
Speculation
Formulas can be:

ORelative, so they refer to different cells when they are copied
OAbsolute, so the formula references never change when they
are copied

When the formula in column B
is copied to column C,
it changes relative to the new
column
Speculation
Speculation
Automatic recalculation
OAny time a change is entered into the spreadsheet, all data
related to the change automatically updates

When a value is
entered in column E
or F the value of the
related formula in
column G is
automatically
updated
Speculation
Speculation
Functions (e.g., SUM, AVG, SQRT) automate complex

calculations
Macros store keystrokes and commands so they can be played
back automatically
Templates offer ready-to-use worksheets with labels and

formulas already entered

Speculation
Speculation

Linking spreadsheets together

O When the values change in one spreadsheet,
the data is automatically updated in all
linked spreadsheets
Database capabilities
O Search for information
O Sort the data by a specific criteria
O Merge the data with a word processor
O Generate reports
Speculation
Speculation
-
What If? Questions
-
Spreadsheets allow you to change numbers
and instantly see the effects of those changes
What if I enter this value?
-
Equation solvers
Some spreadsheets generate data needed to fit a given
equation and target value

Speculation
Speculation
-
Spreadsheet Graphics: From Digits to
Drawings
Charts allow you to turn numbers into visual data
Pie charts (show relative proportions to the whole)
Line charts (show trends or relationships over time)

45,9 46,9
45
30,6
38,6
34,6
20,4
27,4
90
0
20
40
60
80
100
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr
East
West
North
15%
20%
65%
Speculation
Speculation
Bar charts (use if data falls into a few categories)
Scatter charts (use to discover, rather than to

display, a relationship between two variables)

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr
North
West
East
$0.00
$1,000.00
$2,000.00
$3,000.00
$4,000.00
$5,000.00
$6,000.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Australi a
Germany
Canada
Gr eat Br itai n
Speculation
Speculation
-
Rules of Thumb: Making Smart Charts
-
Choose the right chart for the job
Think about the message youre trying to convey
Pie charts, bar charts, line charts, and scatter charts are not
interchangeable
-
Keep it simple, familiar, and understandable
Use charts in magazines, books, and newspapers as models
Strive to reveal the truth, not hide it

Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets
-
Money Managers
-
Accounting and Financial Management software
allows you to do electronically handle routine
transactions such as:
Writing checks
Balancing accounts
Creating budgets
Online banking services
Tax preparation

-
Automatic Mathematics
-
Mathematics processing software
Software turns abstract mathematical relationships
into visual objects (Example: Mathematica
by Wolfram)
Generally, they include an interactive, wizard-like
question-and-answer mode, a programming
language, and tools for creating interactive
documents that combine text, numerical
expressions, and graphics

-
Statistics:
The science of collecting and analyzing data
-
Statistical and data analysis software
Collects and analyzes data that tests the strength of
data relationships
Can produce graphs showing how two or more
variables relate to each other
Can often uncover trends by browsing through two-
and three-dimensional graphs of data, looking for
unusual patterns in the dots and lines that appear on
the screen

-
Scientific Visualization
-
Scientific visualization software uses shape, location in
space, color, brightness, and motion to help us
visualize data
-
Visualization helps researchers see relationships that
might have been obscure or even impossible to grasp
without computer-aided visualization tools

Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and
Simulation
Simulation

-
Computer modeling uses computers to create
abstract models of objects, organisms, organizations,
and processes
-
Examples of popular computer models:
Games (chess boards, sports arenas, and mythological

societies)
Models of organisms, objects, and organizations
Flight simulators and simulations of science lab activities
Business, city, or nation management simulations

Simulation
Simulation

Computer Simulations: The Rewards
-
Computer simulations are widely used
-
There are many reasons:
Safety
Economy
Projection
Visualization
Replication
Simulation
Simulation

Computer Simulations: The Risk
-
GIGO Revisited
The accuracy of a simulation depends on how closely its

mathematical model corresponds to the system being simulated
Some models suffer from faulty assumptions
Some models contain hidden assumptions that may not even be

obvious to their creators
Some models go astray simply because of clerical or human

errors
Still, garbage in, garbage out is a basic rule of simulation

Simulation
Simulation

-
Making Reality Fit the Machine
Some simulations are so complex that researchers need to simplify models
and streamline calculations to get them to run on the best hardware
available
Sometimes this simplification of reality is deliberate; more often its
unconscious
Either way, information can be lost, and the loss may compromise the
integrity of the simulation and call the results into question
Simulation
Simulation

-
The Illusion of Infallibility
A computer simulation, whether generated by a

PC spreadsheet or churned out by a
supercomputer, can be an invaluable decision-
making aid
The risk is that the people who make decisions

with computers will turn over too much of their
decision-making power to the computer
Risks can be magnified because people take

computers seriously
Trust your feelings.
Jedi Master in Star
Wars
Inventing the Future: Truly Intelligent Agents

-
Future user interfaces will be based on agents rather
than on tools
-
Agents are software programs designed to be
managed rather than manipulated
-
An intelligent software agent can:
Ask questions as well as respond to commands
Pay attention to its users work patterns
Serve as a guide and a coach
Take on its owners goals
Use reasoning to fabricate goals of its own


-
Tomorrows agents will be better able to compete
with human assistants
-
Future agents may possess a degree of sensitivity
-
A well-trained software agent in the future might
accomplish these tasks:
Remind you that its time to get the tires rotated on your
car, and make an appointment for the rotation
Distribute notes to the other members of your study group

or work group, and tell you which members opened those
notes

Keep you posted on new articles on

subjects that interest you, and know
enough about those subjects to be
selective without being rigid
Manage your appointments and keep

track of your communications
Teach you new applications and answer

reference questions
Defend your system and your home from

viruses, intruders, and other security
breaches
Help protect your privacy on and off the

Net
I dont want to sit and move
stuff around on my screen all
day and look at figures and
have it recognize my gestures
and listen to my voice. I want
to tell it what to do and then go
away; I dont want to babysit
this computer. I want it to act
for me, not with me.
Esther Dyson,
computer industry analyst
and publisher
Lesson Summary
Lesson Summary
-
This chapter
Surveys a variety of applications that people use to
manipulate words and numbers
Considers software tools for working with words
OFrom outliners to sophisticated reference tools and
numbers
OFrom spreadsheets to statistical packages and money
managers

Lesson Summary (continued)
Lesson Summary (continued)
Looks at how desktop-publishing technology has transformed
the publishing process and provided more people with the
power to communicate in print
Examines how scientific visualization software can help us
understand relationships that are invisible to the naked eye and
how computer simulations simulate reality for work and
pleasure

Science is what we understand
well enough to explain to a
computer; art is everything
else.
Donald Knuth, author of The
Art of Computer Programming
References
References
Beekman, G. & Beekman, B. (2009).
Tomorrows Technology and You. Upper
Saddle River: Rivere Hall. Chap 5

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Productivity

Formulas: allow you to

Functions:a named formula

Formulas can be:

Functions (e.g., SUM, AVG, SQRT) automate complex

Templates offer ready-to-use worksheets with labels and

Linking spreadsheets together

Charts allow you to turn numbers into visual data

Pie charts (show relative proportions to the whole)

Line charts (show trends or relationships over time)

Bar charts (use if data falls into a few categories)

Scatter charts (use to discover, rather than to

Games (chess boards, sports arenas, and mythological

Models of organisms, objects, and organizations

Flight simulators and simulations of science lab activities

Business, city, or nation management simulations

The accuracy of a simulation depends on how closely its

Some models suffer from faulty assumptions

Some models contain hidden assumptions that may not even be

Some models go astray simply because of clerical or human

Still, garbage in, garbage out is a basic rule of simulation

A computer simulation, whether generated by a

The risk is that the people who make decisions

Risks can be magnified because people take

Ask questions as well as respond to commands

Pay attention to its users work patterns

Serve as a guide and a coach

Take on its owners goals

Use reasoning to fabricate goals of its own

Distribute notes to the other members of your study group

Keep you posted on new articles on

Manage your appointments and keep

Teach you new applications and answer

Defend your system and your home from

Help protect your privacy on and off the

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