nstruction

BY

the Assistance oi

E EDWARDS,
Practical
EflJRfiBwRiKBwfvRa

M, A.

Use by

Tourists and those

:arn

who wish

Othuaniafu

Published by

3232 South Haisted Chicago, Dlittois ^C 1908

A",

Street

Lithuanian

Self -Instruction
.

BY

J.
REV.
C,

LAUKIS
of

With the Assistance

E EDWARDS,

M, A.

For Practical Use by

Travelers, Tourists and those to learn Lithuanian,

who wish

Published by

'LIETUVA", 3252 South Halsted

Chicago, Illinois

Street

X 1908

The Lithuanian Alphabet.

L,

M, N, O, P, R,

A, A, B, C, C, D, E, E, G, I, J, Y, J, K, S, T, U, y, V, Z, Z. The Li thuanian alphabet consists of 29 characters,

, ,

each one representing one invariable sound. The elementary sounds of the Lithuanian language are divided into Vocals, Semivocals and Consonants.

The
The
0, e, u,

Vocal sounds are subdivided

into

Plain

and

Nasal sounds.
Plain Vocal
i,

sounds are these:

u, (which

a, e

(which

may
;

be long and short);

are always short sounds)

(which are always long sounds). The Nasal Vocal sounds are these a, $ \, y. They are always long sounds, formed from a combination of a, e, i, u, and sound n, as in bank. The literary language
:

some authors
in,

of to-day thus expresses these nasal sounds, although still prefer to write them thus: an, en,
un

resembling the French usage. Lithuanian orthography is phonetic, each character having one invariable sound. When once this is acquired, the pronunciation is easy. In order to give an idea to the English student of the Lithuanian language, of its elementary sounds, we deem it well to give an explanation below of every sound separately. The a sound is the same as the English a in the word/a?', viz.: Tas, th&t;kas, who. The e sound answers to the English a in the word pass, viz.: Per, through; ten, there. A and e sounds can be long and short.

2047153

4
i

answers to the English sound

and;
vis,

in the

word

it,

viz.: Ir,

always. u answers to the English short oo sound in the

word book, viz.: Kur, where; tur, it has. The sounds and u are always short sounds, as here given. is the same as the English o in the word no^
i

viz.: Po, after; pro, by, past;

through.

e is the
',

same

as English a in the

word fare,

viz.:

Nera' there is not; e'da, it eats. y is the same as English ea in the word pease, viz. Yra', there is; y'la, awl. u is the same as English oo in the word coo?, viz.: Kn'nas, body;su'm, cheese. These four sounds are
:

always long. is the same sound as English

j

y in

the word

yes,

viz.: Jis, he;ji,

peculiarity of the j sound is that it is always used before vowels in order to soften them, viz.: ja, je, ji, jo, ju. After the vowel or in the middle of a syllable i is used, viz.: ai, ei, oi, ui:
she.

The

da-riau'
1

have been doing.

I

has two sounds: soft and hard. The soft sound of can be likened to the English in the word less; and its hard sound can be learned from a native teacher. In its utterance, the lips are set as for sound of o, the tip of the tongue remains behind the teeth, while the tongue itself is pressed partly between the teeth. The sound is soft when it stands before e, stands before a, i, ], y, and it is a hard sound when it 0, u, i|, u, or when it concludes a word. m and n have the same pronunciation as in EnI I ,

glish, viz.:
r

Man,

for

me; namo', homeward.

always has greater stress than in English and has the same sound, as in many continental languages, viz.: Ba'tas, wheel; ra'stas, writing.

v
va'ltis,

answers to the English

boat.

v,

viz.:

Va'ris,

copper;
be,

b is the
Bi'te,

same

as in English in the
t
:

word
is

viz.:

bee; bus, it will be. c consists of two sounds:

like ts in hats, viz.

+ s and
Ca'ras,

pronounced

somewhat
sugar.

c/ar; cu'krus,
viz.

d is the same as the English d, work; du'rys, door. g answers to the English sound

Da'rbas,

in the

word
Kate
1 ,

game, viz.: Oa'las, end;gilu's, deep. k is the English k in the word keg, viz.:
cat; ka'le, bitch.
p is the nas, food. S is

English

p, viz.

Pati', wife; herself;

pe'-

the English S in the word

the English tin the word
tas,

see,

viz.:

Sala',

island; se'nas, old.

t

is

tea,

viz.:

Te'vas,

father;
z is

that.
zeal, viz.
:

the English z in the word

is

Kazo'kas,

cossak; zui'kis, hare. It

but seldom used in the Li-

thuanian language.
z

corresponds to the English s(zh) sound in the

pleasure, viz.
is
:

word
fi

Zo'dis,

word; zun's,

fish,

a softened t sound and answers to the English ch in the word church, viz.: Ra'tius, wheelwright;
gi'ncas, dispute.

answers to the English

Sa'rmas, potash. The dz sound
ning.
is

sh, vjz.

Si'las,

heath:
in

the

same

as English

sound

the word judge, viz.: Dziu'ti, to dry; pradzia',

begin-

Besides those mentioned above there are three

more sounds from other alphabets

to 'express

their

corresponding sounds which are lacking in the Lithuanian language. These three are: f, h, and ch. The first two of the three have the same sound as in English, the third one the ch sound is pronounced like ch in the Scotch word "focA", or in the Ger-

man word
ai

"zc/i"

I.

The diphthongs
like
i

are these:

ai,

au,

ei, oi, ui,

uo.

au
ei

in fire. like ow in now.

like ey in they.

oi
ui

oy in boy. like the vowels combined in do we.

lau'kas, field; svei'kas, kuo'las, stake.
article.

uo

like wa in war. EXAMPLES: Vai'kas, child;

oi,

well; sound;

ouch; kui'nas, horse; The Lithuanian language has no

The Commonest Words.

The Human Body.

Arm,

za'stas

foot, ko'ja

beard, barzda'
blood, krau'jas

hair, plaukai the hand, ranka'

bosom, globsti's
breast (chest), kruti'ne
e}'e,

left

right hand.desi'ne ranka' hand, kaire'ji ranka'

heart, sirdi's,/.
hip, klu'bas

aki's,/.

ear, ausi's,/.

chin, sma'kras

the

lip,

lu'pa

eyebrows, a'ntakiai elbow, alku'ne

fist,

underlip, apati'ne lu'pa upper lip, virsuti'ne lu'pa

kum'stis,/.

finger, pi'rstas
flesh, kii'nas

knee, ke'lis, TO. neck, ka'klas

nose, no'sis, /.

mouth, burna'

forehead, kakta'

17

Relations.

Father, te'vas grand-father, teviu'kas

step father, pate'vis
fatherland, tevy'ne

man, vy'ras young man, jaunikai'tis old man, se'nis

wife, pati
bride, jauno'ji widow, nasle'

mother, mo'tina
brother, bro'lis sister, sesuo'
uncle, de'de

widower, nasly's guest, sve'Cias

neighbor, kaimy'nas
friend, drau'gas

nephew, giminai'tis
niece, giminai'te
girl,

mergina'

enemy, ne'vidonas
Nutriments.

Beer, alu's
glass, sti'klas
flask,

wine, vy'nas old wine, se'nas vy'nas

bonka'

punch, po'nsas

bread, duo'na rum, a'rakas fresh bread, sviezia' duo'na water, vanduo'
fresh butter, svie'ziassvie'-salt, druska'

cheese, su'ris

[stas

pepper, pipi'rai
salad, zalia'valgis soup, vi'ralas

honey, medu's
milk, pie'nas buttermilk, pa'sukos
alyva' fish, zuvi's
oil,

beefsteak, by'fstikas
coffee,

pudding, pu'dingas kava'

tea, arbata'

meat, mesa'
chocolate, Cekolia'das

lemonade, lemona'das

Town and Country. House and Garden. House, na'mas matress, matra'cas
garden, da'rzas
land, ze'me

oven, kro'snis
glass, sti'klas beerglass, ali'nis sti'klas

market, tu'rgviete,
street, ga'tve

wineglass, vy'nstiklis

church, bazny'Cia
post, krasa'

chair, kede'
field,

flau'kas

bank, ba'nka
theatre, tea'tras
hospital, ligo'nbutis

valley, klo'nis, m.
forest, giria'

bush, kru'mas.
heath, zi'dinis hill, kalva'
mill,

coffeehouse, kavi'ne
palace, ru'mas harbor, uo'stas
door, du'rys, /. pi. bed, lo'va

malu'nas
ia'udas

corn, ja'vas; kukuru'zai

straw,

The Professions and Trades.

[ninkas
vi'rsi-

Baker, kepe'jas bookbinder, knygrisy's

book, knyga' doctor, da'ktaras
hat, skrybele'
hatter, skrybe'lius

postmaster, kraso's

ridingmaster, jo'Cius
school, mokykla'

schoolmaster,
smith, ka'lvis smithy, ka'lve

mokyklo's
vi'rsininkas

shoe, ku'rpe; Cevery'kas

shoemaker, ku'rpius
beard, barzda'
barber, barzdaskuty's
glazier, sti'klius nail, vini's

nailsmith, vi'niakalis goldsmith, au'ksakalis

coppersmith, kati'lius weaver, aude'jas

king, kara'lius
prince, pri'ncas

saddle, ba'lnas saddler, ba'lnius

miller, malu'nininkas

baron, baro'nas
officer, ofi'cieras

dancingmaster, moki'nto- soldier, karei'vis

jas so'kiij pope, po'piezius

bishop, vy'skupas

archbishop, arkivy'skupas

The
Jacket, ku'zas
shoe, cevery'kas

Clothing.

wool, vi'lna
stick, lazdele'

brush, sepety's

cravat, ka'klarysis

hairbrush, ga'lvai sepety's purse, masne'le

hat, skrybele'
coat, Sva'rkas

cap, kepu're ring, zie'das

Dog, suo
cat, kate'
rat, ziu'rke

The Quadrupeds. cow, ka'rve

calf, ve'rsis

sheep, avi's/.

mouse, pele'
swine, kiau'le hare, zui'kis
roe, sti'rna

lamb,

jere'lis

fox, la'pe wolf, vi'lkas

bear,

meska'

bull, bu'lius

elephant, dru'mblas

horse, arkly's

camel, kupranuga'ris
Birds, Fishes, and Insects.

Swan, gu'lbe
falcon, sa'kalas

carp, ka'rpe

herring, si'lke
eel,

goose, zasi's
stork, garny's

ungury's

frog, varle'

snipe, slanka'

worm, ki'rminas
spider, vo'ras
oyster, au'steris, m.

raven, va'rnas
lark, vytury's

crow, va'rna
nightingale, laksti'ngala

flea,
fly,

crab, vezy's blusa'

cuckoo, gegu'te swallow, kregzde'

finch, dagile'lis

mu'se

bee, bi'te

sparrow, zvi'rblis

snail,

wasp, vapsa' smalzy's

Gold, au'ksas silver, sida'bras

iron, gelezi's, /.
tin,

Minerals and Metals, etc. coral, kora'las

'

marble, ma'rmuras

copper, va'ris, m.
skardi's,/.

gypsum, gi'psas
lime, \i&'\kespl. chalk, kreida'

_ in _ J.\7
steel, plie'nas zink, ci'nkas

coal, angli's, /.

bronze, za'lvaris, m.
earth,

diamond, dei'mantas
pearl, zemfiiu'gas

ze'me

sand, smilti's, /.
stone,

crystal, kri'spolas

akmuo'

Ship, lai'vas
boat, va'ltis

Ships and Shipping. net, ti'nklas

fisherboat, zve'jo va'ltis

landing, prie'plauka freight, vazba'

coast, kra'stas
cliff,

anchor, i'nkaras deck, de'nis flag, velu'kas

uola'

mast, stie'bas [bas foremast, prie'kinis stie'- ground, tvi'rtzemis storm, audra' sail, pra'tiesas
rudder, sty'ras
fleet,

downs, ko'pos haven, prie'plauka

laivy'nas

Colors.

White, ba'ltas
red, raudo'nas

green, za'lias

yellow, gelto'nas

blue, me'lynas

orange, ge'lsvas
purple, purpuri'nis
violet, pijo'nkinis
Adjectives.

brown, pi'lkas
grey, zi'las

Old, se'nas

young, jau'nas new, nau'jas

great, di'delis

unripe, nenusi'rpes bitter, kartu's

small, ma'zas

wide, platu's

good, ge'ras
rich, turti'ngas cold, sa'ltas

open, a'tviras
loud, garsu's right, desi'nis
wise, isminti'ngas
blind, a'klas

warm,

si'ltas

long, i'lgas

high, au'gstas

unwell, nesvei'kas

- 11
full, pi'lnas

hot, ka'rstas

cool, vesu's

thick, ti'rStas
neat, svaru's
thin, sky'stas

near, artu's

hard, kie'tas
light, sviesu's

broad, platu's

wild, lauki'nis fat, riebu's

fine,

round, apskritu's
faulse, neti'kras

smu'lkus

sour, rugstu's

mild, le'ngvas
fresh, svie'zias
ripe, nusi'rpes

hollow, ispu'rtes sharp, astru's

flat,

plo'ksc'ias

Verbs.

To

eat, va'lgyti

to cost, lesiuo'ti to bite, ka'sti

to hear, girde'ti

to drink, ge'rti to dream, sapnuo'ti

to wash, ska'lbti
to

comb, sukuo'ti

to speak, kalbe'ti to laugh, juo'ktis

to help, ge'lbeti to give, duo'ti to make (do) dary'ti to do, dary'ti to ride, vaziuo'ti
to say, saky'ti to send, siu'sti

to think,

manyti

to learn, moki'ntis to bathe, mau'dytis

to break, lau'zti

to seek, jiesko'ti

Affirmative Phrases.

Pati'krinamiejie sa'kymai.

It is true. It is so.

Teisy'be.

Teip yra.
it.

I believe
I

think

so.

I
I
I

say yes. say it is.

am

certain.

As tikiu' tarn. As manau' teip. As teip sakau'. As sakau' teip yra. As esiu' ti'kras.

12
I

am

certain of

it.

As

esiu' tikras tame'.

You are right. You are quite right. I know it. I know it well. I know it positively.
I

Ta'vo teisy'be. Ta'vo tikra' teisy'be.

I
I

promise promise
give give
it.

it.

it

to you.

to you. I will give it to you. You are wrong.

I
it

As As As As As As As As

zinau' ta.

zinau' ta gerai'.
zinau' tikrai'.
pri'zadu. pri'zadu tau.

duo'du.

duo'du tau.
dao'siu tau.

Tukly'sti.
Jis kly'sta. As tikiu' jam.

He
I

is

wrong.
well.

believe him.

Very

Labai' gerai'.

Negative Phrases.

U'zginanti sa'kymai.

No.
say no. say it is not. It is not so. It is not true.
I I I

Ne.

As sakau' ne. As sakau', kad

Tai ne teip. Tai neteisy'be.

ne.

say nothing. say nothing. I have nothing. He is not here.

I will

As nesakau' nie'ko. As nesaky'siu nie'ko. As neturiu' nie'ko.

Jo ne'ra
6ia.

have it not. He has it not. We have it not. You have it not.

I

As

neturiu'.

Jis netu'ri.

Mes netu'rime.
Jus netu'rite.
Jis nesa'ke.

He

said no.

Has he said no? Has he said nothing?

I

did not hear.

Ar jis nesa'ke? Ar jis nesa'ke nie'ko? As nenugirdau'.

13
I

have not heard

it.

As

negirde' jau.
visai' kly'sti.

You

are quite wrong.

Tu

Interrogative Phrases.

Klausiamie'jie sa kymai.

Who was
What

it?

is it?

Who is it?
Did you say it? are you doing ? is he doing? Tell me.

Kas buvo? Kas yra'? Kas yra' ? Ar tu pasakei'?

What What

Ka tu darai'? Ka jis da'ro?

Pasaky'k man. Ar pasaky'siman? Kaip tau ei'nasi? Kaip jam ei'nasi? Uz ka? Delko'?

Will you

tell

me?

How are you? How is he?

What for? Why?

Why do you ask? Why shall I go? Why do you speak Why are you silent? Why did you go?
?

Kam

tu kla'usi?
as turiu' eiti?

Kode'l Kode'l Kode'l Kode'l

tukalbi'?
tu
tyli' ?

Is it

ready

tuejai'? Ar pa'rengta?

Have you heard ? Where is it? Where is he? Where is she? Where are you ? Where are you going? Where do you come from ? Where were you ?

Ar

girde'jai?

Kur yra'? Kur jis yra'? Kur ji yra'? Kur jus? Kur jus ei'nate?
Is

kur

a'teini'?

Kur
Kas

tu buvai'?
yra'
?

What is it? What time is it? What o'clock is it? What have you ? What do you say?

Kieklai'ko?
Kelinta' valanda'?

Katu

turi'?

Katusakai'?

15

Go

to bed
it!

Eikgu'lti!

Fetch

Atgabe'nk!
Atne'sk! Atne'sk pas mane'! Lai sau bu'na! Atidu'ok man!
Lengvi' issireiski mai.

Bring it! Bring it to me! Let it be! Let me have it!

Easy Expressions. Tell me.
If

Pasaky'k

man

you

please.

Jei ta'vo malo'ne.

Have the
Yes, Yes,
sir.

goodness.

Buk

teip ge'ras.

madam.

Teip, ta'mista, Teip, ta'mista.

No, sir. No, madam. No, Miss. Do you speakLithuanian ? I do not speakLithuanian
I

Ne, ta'mista. Ne, ta'mista. Ne, merge'le.

Ar

kalbi' lietu'viskai?
lietu'viskai.

As ne'kalbu

speak

it

little.

Kalbu' trupu'tj.

I
I

understand. do not speak

it.

speak English. am an Englishman. I am not Lithuanian. Do you understand? Can you understand?
I

As suprantu'. As ne'kalbu. As kalbu' a'ngliskai. As esiu' a'nglas. As ne lietuvy's. Ar tu supranti' ? Ar gali' supra'sti?
Kalbe'k le'Ciau

Speak slower.

You speak too

Give

fast.

Tu

kalbi' pergrei'tai.

me
bread,
butter,

Duok man
duo'nos,
svie'sto,

some some some some some some

water,
tea,

vande'ns,
arba'tos,

wine,

meat,

vy'no, meso's;

16

something
to eat,

ka-nors
va'lgyti,
ge'rti.

to drink.

Bring

me

Atne'sk

man

some coffee, some milk, some cheese. thank you.

Expressions of Joy.
x

kavo's,
pie'no,
su'rio.

A'SifL
Issireiski'mai dziau gsmo.

What!
Is it possible
!

Ka!

Can

it

be!

How can it
Indeed!

be possible!
be!
it!

Ar tai ga'limasdai'ktas! Ar ga'li bu'ti! Kaip tai ga'li bu'ti!

Isti'krol

That cannot
I

am astonished at You surprise me!

It is incredible!

Tai nega'li bu'ti! Stebiuo'si is to!

Ste'bini mane'!

Tai ne'tikimas dai'ktas!

Liudi'mas
ir

Sorrow and
I

Joy.

dziau gsmas.

am sorry. I am very sorry. What a pity!

It is
It is

Man nesmagu'. Man labai' nesmagu'.

Kaip
gai'la!

It is
It is
I
I

a great pity. a sad thing. a misfortune. a great misfortune.

glad,

Labai' gai'la. Liu'dnas daly'kas.

Nelai'me. Yra' di'dele nelai'me.

am am

Manli'nksma.
pleasure.

very glad.

It gives It gives
I

me me

great joy.

Man labai' li'nksma. Man duo'dasmagu'ma. Di'del^ dziau'gsma man

duo'da.

am happy. How happy I am

I

As esiu' laimi'ngas. Koks as laimi'ngas!

Ve'liju tau dziau'gtis.

wish you

joy.

I congratulate you.

Svei'kinu tave'.

17
Anger and Blame.
I

Rusty'be

ir

ka'ltinimas.

am angry. He is angry.

As

pi'ktas.

Jis pi'ktas.

Don't be angry. You are wrong,

Nebu'k

pi'ktas.

Tu

kly'sti.
tiesa'.

You

Why
Be

are right. don't you do it?

Ta'vo

Kode'l to nedarai'?
Tyle'k.

quiet.

What

a shame!

How could you do it? I am ashamed of you.

You
Be
I

Kokia' ge'da! Kaip tu gale'jai ta dary'-

As
to

ge'dijuosi tave's. [ti?

ka'lte.

are very Don't answer.

patient. will improve.
Age.

much

Ta'vo di'dele
Neatsilie'pk. Buk kantru's.

[blame.

As

pasitaisy'siu.

Amzis.

How I am
I

old are you?

Kaip se'nas

esi'?

twenty. shall soon be thirty.

looks older.

Esiu' dvi'desimtes me'tij. Tuojau's bu'siu triju/ deJis isro'do senesniu'.

He

She is younger. She cannot be so young.

Ji yra' jaune'sne. Ji nega'li bu'ti

tokia'

jauna'.

He must
I

be older.

Jis tu'ri bu'ti sene'snis.

did not think you were

so old.
is

As nemaniau',
toks se'nas.
Jis yra'
siij'

kad

tu

He

at least sixty.

maziau'siai se-

She must be

forty.

desimciij'. Ji tu'ri bu'ti keturi^' de-

sim&u/.

How
He
is

old

is

your father?

Kaip se'nas ta'vo

Jis

te'vas?.

nearly eighty.

yra'

arti'

astuonii^'

18
Is

he so old ?
old
is

How
She
Is

your sister?

Ar jis teip se'nas? Kaip sena' ta'vo sesuo' ?

Ji yra' penkio'likos.

is fifteen.

she so young?
old
is

Ar

ji

How
She
It is

your aunt?

Kaip

tokia' jauna'? sena' ta'vo teta'

is

nearly ninty.

Ji yra' a'pie devyniu/ de-

sim5iu/.

a great age.

He

begins to grow old.

Tai yra' i'lgas a'mzis. Jis pra'deda se'nti.

Kla'usti kla'usimus.

What

To ask Questions. do you say? Do you hear? Do you hear me?

Ka
Ar

tu sakai'?
girdi'?

I don't

Do

speak to you. you understand me ?

here is that?
! !

Argirdi' mane'? As ne'sneku j tave'. Ar tu supranti' mane'?

Listen.

Come What

Klausy'k? Eikgian!

Kastas?
Atsaky'k! Kode'l neatsakai'?

Answer

Why

don't you answer?

What do you mean? What do you mean by

that?

Ka Ka

tu supranti'? tu supranti' tuo?

kalbi'
lietu'viskai,

You speak
suppose ?

Lithuanian,

Tu

manau'?
Labai mazai', ta'mista,
?

Very little, sir. Do you know me? Do you know Mr. H.

I
I

know him. know him by

sight.

Ar pazy'sti mane' ? Ar pazy'sti po'naH. ? As pazy'stu j. As pazy'stu jj is ma'tymo.

zinau' jj. is va'rdo. zinau' j^gerai'. Kaip tu vadini' ta?

know him by name. I know him well. What do you call that?
I

As As

19

What

is

that in Lithua-

Kaiptasyra' lietu'viSkai*

nian? What do you call that in English ? What does that mean?

Kaip vadini'
kai?

ta

a'nglis-

Ka

tas rei'skia?

What
It is

is it

good for?

Kam

tas ti'nka?

Is it

Is it

good for nothing. good? bad?

?

Tas nie'kam neti'nka.

Is it eatable Is it
Is it

drinkable? nice?
?

Ar ge'ras? Ar blo'gas? Ar va'lgomas? Ar ge'riamas? Ar grazu's?

Arsvie'zias?
Susitiki'mas.

Is it fresh

Meeting.

Good morning! Good day! Good evening!

La'ba ry'ta! La'ba die'na! La'ba va'kara!

4* <*

How do you do? How are you ?

Very
well.
x

Kaipei'nasi?

Kaip

turie'si?

I am very well. Pretty well.

Labai' gerai'. Laikau'si labai' gerai'.

Gana'

gerai'.

Tolerably.

Puse'tinai.

How is your father? How is your mother?

I
I

Kaip ta'vo te'vui? Kaipta'vo mo'tinai?

am am
is

not well.
unwell.

Man

negerai'.

Mannesvei'ka.
Jai nera' svei'ka.

She

is

not well.

He
She

not well.

Jamnera'svei'ka.
Ji se'rga.

is ill.

very ill. She has a cold.

I I

He

is

Jis labai' se'rga. Ji tu'ri Sa'ltj.

have the toothache.

Man
As

da'nt^ge'lia.

must

go.

turiu' ei'ti.

20
I

am

It is

going now. time to go.

As

einu' daba'r.
ei'ti.

Lai'kas
I'ki

bye. Farewell.
I

Good

pasima'tymo.

Sudie'v.
Ye'liju

wish you a good morning-

jums

la'bo ry'to.

Good
I

night.

Laba'nakt!
Ve'liju
tie's.

wish you good night.

jums

labo's

nak

There
It is

A Visit is a knock. Mr. A.

glad to see you.

A'plankos.

Ten

be'ldzia kas.

It is Mrs. B.
I

Tai po'nas A. Tai ponia' B.

am

Li'nksma
maty'ti.

man

ta'mista

Pray be seated.

Meldziu'

se'stis.

What news

is

there?

Kokio's

naujie'nos

pas

Good news. Do you believe

I I

jus? Ge'ros naujie'nos.

it ?

Ar
of
[it.

tu tiki' tarn

don't believe a

word

Ne'tikiutam ne

zo'dziui.

think

so.

Who
It is
I

told

you?

As manau' teip. Kas tail sa'ke?

Teisy'be.

It is true.

not true.
it.

Tai neteisy'be.

doubt

Have you heard from home? The postman brought me

a letter to-day. Sad news. Will you dine with us?

As Ar

abejo'ju. girde'jai ka

is

namu/ ?

Laisknesy's a'tnese
lai'skasia'dien.

man

Ar

Liu'dnos naujie'nos. pietuo'si su mumi's?

No, thank you.

I'cannot stay.

Ne, a'Ciu.

As

negaliu'

li'ktis.

21
go. are in a great hurry. I have a great deal to do.
I

must

As

turiu' ei'ti.

You

Labai' sku'biniesi. Turiu' daug ka vei'kti.

Ry'tas.

Morning.

An

early morning.

Anksty'vas
Anksti'.

ry'tas.

Early. It is a fine morning. What o'clock is it?

It is

nearly eight.

Grazu's ry'tas, Kelinta' valanda'? Bevei'k astuo'nios.

Light the fire. Light a candle. I am going to get up. Get me some hot water,

Suku'rk u'gnj. Uzde'gk zva'ke.

As ke'lsiuosi. Gauk man si'lto vande'ns,

sa'lto vande'ns,

some cold water, some spring water. Make haste.

There
Bring
I
is

salti'nio vande'ns.

no towel.
soap.

me some
to

Sku'bink. Nera' ra'nksluosc'io. Atne'sk man mui'lo.

want

How

wash myself. have you slept?

As

no'riu nusiprau'sti.

Kaip miego'jai?

Did you sleep well? Very well, thank you. Not very well.
I
I

Ar

gerai' miego'jai? Labai' gerai', de'kui. Nelabai' gerai'.

could not sleep.

was

so tired

from trav-

As negale'jau miego'ti. As teip buvau' pava'rges

po
kelio'nei.

eling.
Breakfast.

Pu'sryciai.

Breakfast is ready. Is breakfast ready?

Pu'sryfiiai padary'ta.

Ar

pu'srySiai padary'ta?

Come

to breakfast.

Ei'kiteprie pu'sry&tj.

(Let us breakfast.

Does the water boil? This water has not boiled.

Is

Pu'sry&aukime. Ar vanduo' ve'rda? Si'tas vanduo' ne'vire.

the tea

made?

Ar

arbata' padary'ta?

22

Give

me

cup of

tea.

Duo'kite puode'l^ arba'tos.

A cup of coffee. A roll.

Do you drink
fee?
tea or cof-

Puode'l j kavo's. Bande'le.

Ar

ge'riate ka'va ar ar-

ba'ta?
Sita' grieti'ne rugsti'.

This cream is sour. Will you take an egg?

Ar

va'lgysitekiausi'nj?

These eggs are hard.

Give Pass This

Sitie kiausi'niai kie'ti'.

me me
is

the

salt.

the butter.

Duok mandru'ska. Paduo'k mansvie'sta.

Cia yra' svie'zias svie'stas.

fresh butter.

This butter

is

not fresh.

Si'tassvie'stasnera' svie'zias.

Bring some more butter. Give me a spoon.

Is

Atne'sk daugiau' svie'sto

the coffee

strong
cups.

e-

Duok man sa'uksta. Ar kava' gana' stipri' ?

Mes no'rime
puode'liij.

We

nough ? want more

daugiau'
cu'k-

Take some more

Cold meat.

sugar.

I'mkite daugiau'
raus.
Salta' mesa'.
Sta'ltiese.

The The

table-cloth.

sugar-bowl. Chocolate.

Cukrinai'te.

Cekoliada'.
Pei'lis.

A knife. A fork.
The
knife
is

Sake'les.

blunt.

Pei'lis atsi'pes.

We have finished
fast.

break-

Pa'baigeme pu'srygiauti.
Gali' ati'mti dai'ktus.

You can
things.

take

away the

23
Ordering Dinner.
Uzsisa kymas piety'.

Have you ordered dinner 9

I will

order dinner.
the
bill

Ar uzsisa'kete pietu's? As uzsisaky'siu pietu's.

Paro'dyk su'rasa
Ta'rne!
va'lgiij.

Show me
Waiter!

of fare.

What soup will you have?

Beef soup. Rice soup.
Macaroni-soup.

Kokio' vi'ralo nore'site? Vi'ralas su jau'tiena.

Ry'ziij kruo'pos.

Vi'ralas su makaro'nais.

Have you any

Not
to-day.

roast beef?

Ar

tu'rite

kepto's jau'-

tienos?

Ne
fish.

sia'dien.

We have

very fine

Mes tu'rime
zuvie's.

labai' gero's

Trout. Fried pike.

Vasi'las.

Roast-mutton.

What wine will you have ?

Let us
see.

Kepta' lydeka'. Kepta' avie'na. Kok' vy'na nore'site?

Palau'kite:

Have you good wines?

Ar

tu'rite geru's vynu's?

We have
We shall
clock.

champagne. What time will you dine?

dine at six
o'-

Tu'rime sampa'no.

Kuome't
da.

pietuo'site?

Pietuo'sime se'stava'lanO

Be punctual.
Dinner.

Buk

punktua'liskas.

Pie'tijs.

To what shall I help you ?

Will you take some soup? No, thank you.
Yes,
if

Kuomi' ta'mistai
patarnau'ti?

galiu'

Ar

nore'site vi'ralo?
a'c"iu.

Ne,

you

please.

Teip, jei ju'sij malo'ne.

Willingly.

Su

no'ru.

Help
It is

yourself. excellent.

I'mkite.

Puiku's va'lgis.

24
I like

Lithuanian cooke[ry.

Man
Man
Ar

pati'nka

lietuviu/

viri'mas.

don't like the foreign cookery. Do you take pepper?

I

nepati'nka sveti'mviri'mas.

saliij

varto'ji pipiru's?

Cayenne pepper. Here is spinach.

Peas.
Cauliflower.

Tu'rkiskus pipiru's.
Stai yra' spi'nakai.
Zi'rniai.

Zy'dkopustis.

Artichokes.
Potatoes.

Ba'dramos.
Bu'lves.

Give

me

the mustard.
plates.

Duo'kite

man

garsty'Siij.

Change the
Give

me

clean knife

Atmainy'kite torieliu's. Duo'kite man va'lijpei'l^

ir sakele's.

and fork. I want a spoon. Are you hungry?

As no'riu sau'ksto. Arta'mista a'lkanas?

Nelabai'.

Not
I I

very.

am am
am am

You
I I

hungry. very hungry. do not eat.

very thirsty. dying of thirst.
glass of wine.

As As

isa'lkes.

labai' isa'lkes.

Are you thirsty?

Ta'mista neva'lgai. Arta'mista istro'skes?

As labai' istro'skes. As mi'rstu nuo istroski'mo.

Pai'mkite sti'kla vy'no.
Atne'skite
vande'ns.

Take a
Bring
ter.

me

a glass of wato

man

sti'kla

Give
I

me something
beer.

Duo'kite

man ka
alau's.

ge'rti.

drink.

want some

As no'riu
E'liaus ar
Po'rterio?

Ale or Porter? Bavarian beer.

Bava'risko alau's.
Kamscia'traukis.

The

cork-screw.

25
I

want half a
hock.

bottle of

As no'riu * pu'se o
rei'nvynio.

bu'telio

Champagne.
Claret.

Sampa'no, Raudo'nvynio.
Po'rtvynio,
Se'rivynio.

Port.

Sherry. Your health.

I like

hock.

Uz ju'sij sveika'ta. As me'gstu rei'nvynj.

Yra' vedi'nantis.
Gerai' papietujau'.
Arbata.
tea.

It is cooling.
I

have dined well.

Tea.

Let us drink

Tea is quite ready. They are waiting for you.

coming. Bring a saucer. Pour out the tea.
tea is very strong. very weak. Where are the sugarIt is
I

Atsige'rkime arba'tos. Arbata' jau padary'ta.

Jie lau'kia ta'mistos.

am

As

ateinu'.
torielai'te.

Atne'sk

The

Jpi'lk arba'tos. Arbata' yra' labai' stipri'

Yra' labai' silpna'.

Kur

yra' znyplai'tes cu'-

-tongs?

krui?

Ring
ter.

if

A slice
Hand

you please. of bread and but-

Malone'kite paska'mbinti
Rieke'le duo'nos susvie'stu.

the plate. Will you take some cake? A small piece.

Paduo'kite torie'liu,. Gal i'msite pyra'go?

Ma'/.a smote'lj.

Make more Make

This
Is it
It is

toast.

Padary'kite
dziovinivj'.

daugiau'

haste.

is

excellent tea.

Pasisku'binkite, Cia puiki' arbata'.

green tea?
the best tea.

Ar

tai zalia' arbata'?

Tai yra' geriau'sia arbata'.

26

The

tea-tray.

Taca'.
Eilia'

A set of

Have Take another

tea-things. you finished?

arba'tdaik&ij.

Ar pa'baigete?.
I'mkite dar vie'na puode'lj.

cup.

No, thank you.

Brown

bread.

Ne, de'kui. Juoda' duo'na.

Balta' duo'na.

White bread.
Stale bread.

New bread.
Biscuit.

Suzie'dejusi duo'na. Sviezia' duo'na.

Sausai'nis.

Evening.
It is late. It is

Va'karas.

Yra' velu'.

not

late.
is it?

Nera' velu'.
Kelinta' yra' valanda'
?

What

o'clock

It is still early.

Dar yra'

anksti'.

Are you tired? Not at all. Not much.

It is It is It is It is Is

Ar

e'sate pai'lse?

Visai' ne.

Nelabai'.

only ten.

time to go to bed. a fine evening.

moonlight.

my room ready ?
see.

Yra' tik desimta'. Lai'kas yra' gu'lti. Grazu's yra' va'karas. Yra' menesiena'. Ar ma'no rui'mas pritaisy'tas?

Go and
Sheets.

Eik

ir paziure'k. Paklo'des.

A blanket.
Good
I

Uzklo'de.

night.

Laba'nakt.
Ye'liju
ta'mistai labo's
naktie's.

wish you good night.

am

sleepy.

Esiu' miegu'stas.

Are you sleepy ?

Ar

esi'

miegu'stas?

27

The Watch.

Lai'krodis.

What

o'clock

is it?

Kelinta' valanda'?

My
It
I

watch has stopped.

Ma'no

lai'krodis susto'jo.

does not go.

forgot to

Nei'na.
it

wind
too

up.

My watch
It is It is five It

is

fast.

As pamirsau' uzsu'kti. Ma'no lai'krodis sku'bina.

too slow.

Ve'lina.

minutes too slow.

goes right.
o'clock.

Ye'lina penkia'sminuta's Ei'na teisi'ngai.

One

Pirma' valanda'.
Pe'nkios
dvieju/. Be'rtainis

Five minutes past two.

minu'tos

po

quarter past three.

four.

po

tri'jij.

Half past

Pu'se po keturiu/.
Be'rtainis i'ki penkiu/. Ly'giai se'sios. Dvi'desimts minu'Ciij i'ki septyniu/.

A quarter to five. Just six o'clock.

Twenty minutes
It

to seven.

has just struck eight.

Tik ka i'smuse astuo'nias

Pie'tus.

Noon.
Midnight. The clock
is

striking.

Vidu'naktis. Lai'krodis mu'sa.

Pasivai'kiojimas.

Walking.

Shall

we take
shall

a walk?

Arei'sime pasivai'kSSioTeip, eime'. Kur ei'sime?

[ti?

Yes

let

us walk.

Where On the
There

we go?

road.

is

good deal of dust

Ant ke'lio. Ten yra' daug

du'lkiij.

Into the fields.

They They

are reaping. are making hay.

\ lauku's. Jie va'lo javu's.

Jie sienau'ja.

What

a pleasant odor! Let us take a walk into

Kokia' maloni'kvapsni'sl Ei'kime j mie'sta.

the town.

28

What street is this Where does it lead

.'

Kokia'
{

sita'.u'lyc'ia?

to?

kur

ji

ei'na?

A fine

street.

Handsome shops. Bad pavements. Look at the soldiers. Where is Grand street?
Straight before you. To the left hand.

Grazi' u'lySia. Dai'lios krau'tuves.

Biau'rus saly'gatviai. Ziure'k jkareiviu's.

Kur

yra' Dide'ji ga'tve? Tiesio'g prie'sais tave'.

the right hand. Is the village far from here? About a mile. A good hour.

To

Po kai'rei. Po de'sinei. Ar kai'mas toli' nuo

A'pie mylia'. Gera' valanda'.
Nevisai' mylia'.

5ia?

Hardly a mile. Half a mile. There it is. Let us go in.

Pu'smylis.
Stai yra'.

Ei'kime vidu'n.
to...

Which
To

is

the

way

Kuri's ke'lias ei'na

Kla'usti y'patos.

..

inquire for a Person.

Do you know Mr. F. ? I don't know anybody

that name.

of

Ar pazy'state po'nfj F. ? As nezinau' ne vie'no situo' vardu'.

Does he

live here?

Ar jisgyve'na
Jis

2ia?

He
On On

lives in this house.

gyve'na sitame' na-

me'.

Where?
the
first floor.

the second I know him.

Intimately.
I

floor.

Kur? Ant pirmu/ lubij'. Ant antru/ lubij'. As zinau' j.

Gerai'.

am
is

very intimate with

As

labai' gerai' su

juosu-

him.

He

my

friend.

sipazy'stu. Jis yra' ma'no drau'gas.

29
I

..

have known him along

time.

A
Jis

pazy'stu

jj

seniai'.

Where

does he live?
in

He

lives
3.
is

Broadway,

No. "When

he

at

home?

jis gyve'na? gyve'na prie PlaCio'sios nu'meris tre'fiias. Kuome't jis bu'va na-

Kur

In the morning. In the evening.

Rytmetyj'. Vakare'.
at

[mie'?

You will find him home at 2 o'clock. He lives close by.

Ra'site
Jis

jj.

namie' a'ntra
netolie'sia.

va'landa. m

gyve'na
toli'

step or two from here. Is it far?

direct

Zi'ngsnis ar

du nuo

Sia.

Can you
house ?
I will

me

to his

Ar Ar

yra'?

ga'lite nuro'dyti

man

jo

namu's?

show you where he

is

As jums paro'dysiu, kur

jis gyve'na. Cia yra' preky'viete. Cia yra' ga'tve.

lives.

This This

the market.

is

the street.

The
This

square.
is

Ple'cius.

the house. Here he lives.

Traveling.

Cia yra' na'mas. Cia jis gyve'na.

Kelio'ne.

Are you going

nia?
I

to Lithua-

Ar

ei'nate

Lie'tuva?

When do you
going?

intend to go to Vilna. think of

shall

As zadu' vy'kti \ Vi'lniij. Kuome't ma'note vy'kti?

Kaip
i'lgai uztru'ksite?

How long
I

you stay?
,

About a month.
shall

A'pie me'nesj.

Have you made

preparations?

go to-morrow. all your

is

As isei'siu rytoj'. Ar jau vi'ska susi'rengete?

Every thing

ready.

Vi'skas su'rengta.

30
I shall

go by railway New York.

to

Vaziuo'siu
I

gelezi'nkeliu

From
It is

New York
to

by

Is

New Yp'rka. New Yo'rko ga'rlaiviu

Ha'mburga.
reikali'ngas dai'ktas.

steamer
most.

Hamburg. the thing you want

Labiau'siai

jums

I ride in the omnibus. Fetch a cab. Drive me to the railway

Vaziuo'ju o'mnibusu.

Pasau'k dro'ska. Nuve'zk mane' jgelezi'nkelio sto'te.

station.

You

are late.

Plenty of time. Do not be in a hurry.

Jus pasive'linote. Gana' lai'ko.

Nesisku'binkite.

The

train starts in 10 mi-

Traukiny's isei'na uz desimte's minu'Ciu..

nutes.
Railway.
I

Gelezi'nkelis.

want a

ticket to Pitts-

As

no'riu bi'lieta Pi'tts-

burg. First class.

burgan. Pirmo's klia'sos.

Antro's klia'sos.
TreCio's klia'sos.

Second class. Third class.

The express- train. The ordinary-train. The luggage-train. Where is your luggage?
Here
it is.

Ekspresi'nis traukiny's.

Pa'prastas traukiny's.
Bagazi'nis traukiny's.

Kur

ju'sij

baga'zas?

Stai 6ia.

It is too

heavy.
to

Persunku's.
Tu'rite primoke'ti uz ta

You have

pay for extickets for

tra weight.

ka sve'ria virsau's.
Stai yra'
zui.
bi'lietai baga'-

Here are the

the luggage.

Take your seats. The train is just going

to start.

Uzi'mkite sa'vo

vieta's.
isei's

Traukiny's tuojau's

31

The
It

train is now starting.

Traukiny's jau pra'deda

ei'ti.

does not go very fast. Not so fast as the fast

train.

Jis nei'na labai' grei'tai.

Nei'na teip greit Bet daug atsaugiau'. Stai yra' sto'te.

kaip

greita'sis traukiny's.

But much safer. Here is a station.

Do we

stop here ?

Ar sto'jame si'ia?
stop

long do here? Five minutes.

How

we

Kaipi'lgaistove'simec'ia?

we are They stop

Off
tion.
It is

again. at every sta-

Penkia's minute's. Vel vaziuo'jame. Jie sto' ja prie kiekvieno's

sto'tes.

a long journey. Yes, from ten to twelve hours.

Tai yra'
Teip,

ilga' kelio'ne.
i'ki

nuo desimte's
sali's.

dvy'likai valandu/.

Very pretty country.

Arrived at last. Give your ticket.

Labai' grazi'

Pribu'vome ant

ga'lo.

Duo'kite sa'vo bi'lietus

Here
Yes,

it is.

Is this

Pittsburg?

Ar

Stai yra'. 2ia Pi'ttsburgas?

madam.
The Steamer.

Teip, poniu'te.
Ga'rlaivis.

When

do you start?

Whith the tide. At what time? At 9 o'clock. They are going to

cabin.

Kuome't iSplau'kiate? Su prie'pludziu.

Kokiu' laiku'?
Devi'nta va'landa.

start.

Let us go down into the

Jau pra'deda isplau'kti. Ei'kime [ kaju'ta.

Where is my berth? Your name is written

on
it.

Kur
up-

yra'

ma'no lo'va?
parasy'ta

Ju'su,

va'rdas

ant jos.

32

Let us go on deck.

Ei'kime ant de'nio.

Prie'pludis di'delis. Ju'ros pi'ktos.
us.

The tide is strong. The sea is rough. The wind is against

So

Ve'jas prie'singas

mums.

much
shall

the worse.

Tuomi'

arsiau'.
i'lga kelio'ne

We

have a long pas-

Ture'sime

sage.
I feel sea-sick.

Sergu' ju'njliga'.

Steward.
glass of brandy. I am better.

Mai

stininkas.

Stikle'lis vy'nspiriCio.

Man

geriau's.

The The
I see

sea sea

is
is

getting calm.

quite smooth.
!

Ju'ros nuty'la. Ju'ros visai' ly'gios.

What a beautiful passage

land.
It is

the harbor of
arrived.

Ham-

Kokia' puiki' kelio'ne! As matau' ze'me. Tai Ha'mburgo uo'stas.

burg.

We have
Look
for

my

I have two There was another trunk. Is your name on it?

things. trunks.

Mes pribu'vome. Ziure'k ma'no dai'ktu/.

As Ar
turiu'

du fiemodanu'.

Bu'vo ki'tas Cemoda'nas.

ju'su va'rdas yra' ant jo? Arsi'tas?
Ei'kite sian
j

Is it this

one?
the

Come
You

to

custom

mui'tinyc'ia

house.
will find all your luggage at the custom-

Ra'site visu's sa'vo dai'k-

tus mui'tinyfiioje.

-house.

Will you trunk?

examine

this

Ar

ziure'site si'ta

2emo-

da'na?
Atidary'kite. Atraki'nkite.
to de-

Open

it.
it.

Unlock
clare?

Have you anything

Ar

tu'rite

ka

ispazi'nti?

33

Not that
All right.

know

of.

Ne, kiek as zinau'.

Gerai'.

Lock

it.

Uzraki'nkite.

The

Hotel.

Vie'snamis.

Which

is

the best hotel?

Kuri's yra' geriau'sias vie'snamis?

There are several

very

Yra'

keli' ly'giai

labai'

good ones. Let us go to the Hotel

Victoria.

geri'.

Ei'kime

vie'snamj, Vik-

to'rija.
it

You

will find

very com-

Ra'site jj labai'

smagu'm

fortable.

Waiter, take the gentlemen to No. 6 on the

first floor.

Ta'rne, nuve'sk ponu's nu'merj e'sta ant pir-

mu/

lubij'.

Let us have some supper

soon.

Uzvakarieniau'kime tuojau's.

ready in the dining room. You can have supper at

it

You

will find

Ra'site pa'rengta va'lgo-

majame kambary'.
Ga'lite gau'ti vakarie'ne bi'le kada'.

any time. Are your rooms ready?

All ready for you, gentle-

Ar

ju'sij

ruimai'

patai-

sy'ti?

Vi'skas

jums

pataisy'ta,

men.
Light the candles. I am very tired. I am going to bed. Call me to-morrow mornI

ta'mistos.

Uzzie'bk zvake's.

As As

labai' pai'lsgs.

einu' gu'lti.

Paza'dink

mane'

ryto'j

ing at 6 o'clock. shall leave by the early

train.

e'sta va'landa.

Turiu' isvaziuo'ti ankstyvuo'ju trau'kiniu. Atne'sk manka'rsto vande'ns.

Bring

me

hot water.

34

How much
you? Charge the

do we owe

Kieke'same

kalti'

jums?

service.

Paskaity'kite na'vima.
tuo'ti.

uz patar-

Be good enough to receipt

it.

Bu'kite malo'nus pakviTikiu',

hope you have been satisfied?

kad bu'vote uz-

Very much. Good morning.

I

gane'dinti. Labai'.

La'ba

ry'ta.

wish you a happy journey.

Lithuanian Language.

Ve'liju

jums laimingo's

kelio'nes.
Lietuviij' kalba'.

Can you read Lithuanian?

Ar

ga'lite skaity'ti lietu'-

vikai?
Trupu'tj. As skaitau' labai' gerai',
tik negaliu' kalbe'ti.

A little.
read it very well, but I cannot speak it. You read very well. Do you speak LithuaniI

Jus skai'tote labai' gerai'

Ar

ka'lbate lietuviu/ kal-

an?
I I

ba'?

speak it a little. do not understand

fast.

Kalbu' trupu'tj.
it.

People speak so

As jos nesuprantu'. Zmo'nes kal'bateipgrei'tai.

You have had but

practice.

little

Mazai' praktika'votes.
Ju'sij istari'mas yra' ge'ras.

You have

a good pro-

nunciation.

Who was
How

your teacher?

Kas bu'vo jus

toju?

moki'n-

long since you have learned it?

Kaip
te?

seniai'

ja ismo'ko-

A short

time only.

Without a teacher.

Tik neseniai'. Be moki'utojo.

35

My

teacher was Mr. B.

sister

Ma'no moki'ntoju bu'vo

po'nas B.
Ju'sij sesuo'

Your
It is

speaks

it

per-

ka'lba

ja

fectly.

pui'kiai.

a difficult language. will learn it soon. A month or two in Lithuania andyou will know

You

Tai yra' sunki' kalba'. Jus tuojau's ismo'ksite.

Pabu'site me'nesj., ki't| Lietuvoje' ir ismo'ksite.

it.

Where do they speak the

best Lithuanian?

Kur

yra' ka'lbama geriau'sia lietu'viska kal-

ba'? In the region of Noumeastes.

A'pie Nau'miest.

I find

the pronunciation
altogether different

Man

istari'mas yra' le'n-

easy.
It is

gva.
Visai' kito'kia kaip

an-

from English. Yes, the Lithuanian language belongs to the group of ancient Ian
guages.
It is

glu/ kalba.

Teip, lietuviu/ kalba' priklau'so prie gru'pos seno'viskij kalbu/.

very

interesting to

Labai'

domu'

yra'

is-

learn that language.

Spring.

mo'kti ta ka'lb|.
Pava'saris.

Spring has come.

It is still cool.

Pava'saris ate'jo. Vis dar yra' vesu'. Pava'saris prasi'deda

krai'.
ti-

Spring begins well.

It is It is

rather mild.

The

spring weather. trees are beginning

Yra' gana' si'lta. Pava'sario o'ras.

Me'dziai pra'deda spro'gti.

to bud.

The

season

is

very for-

Se'zonas labai'
vas.

anksty'-

ward.
It is so pleasant.

Yra' teip malonu'.

36

The sun

warm. There are some .flowers.

is

so

Sau'le tokia' kaitri'. Te'nai yra' ge'les.

Snie'gines.

Snowdrops.
Tulips.

Tu'lpes.
Hijaci'ntai. Prisiri'nk kiek.
please.

Hyacinths Gather some.

As many

as

you
is

Kick tau pati'nka.

Se'zonas labai' vely'vas.
Vi'skas labai' vely'va.

The

season

very backvery back-

ward.

Every thing
ward.

is

Summer.

Va'sara.

Summer is
It is

coming.
!

becoming warm.
very warm. very warm.

Va'sara atei'na. Pra'deda bu'ti si'lta.

How warm
I feel It is
It is

Kaip

si'lta!

Man

labai' si'lta.
si'lta.
si'lta.

Labai'

too warm.

Perdau'g

almost hot. It is a fine day. It is a splendid day. The heat is great. The heat is unbearable. Let us take a bath.
It is

Bevei'k ka'rsta. Yra' grazi' diena'. Yra' puiki' diena'.

Di'delis ka'rstis.

Ka'rstis nepake'nfiiamas.

Eime' issimau'dyti.
U'peje.

In the river.
It is
I

very close to us. think we shall have a

storm.
is

Yra' labai'

arti'.

Manau' bus audra'.

Labai' tas ga'li bu'ti.
Debesiai' re'nkasi.

That
I

very likely.

The clouds are gathering.

hear thunder. It thunders. It thunders fearfully
It lightens.

Asgirdziu' gria'udziant.
Gria'udzia.
.

Gria'udzia bai'siai.
Zaibuo'ja.

37
lightning. What a storm!

The

Zai'bas.

How

it

rains!

Kokia' audra'! Kaiplyja!

Pilte' pi'la.

It pours.

The sky begins

The weather
up.
is

to clear.

Dangu's pra'deda
stis.

svie'-

clearing

O'ras blaivi'nasi.

There is a rainbow. The sun breaks out.

Autumn.

Ana' lau'mes juo'sta.

Sa'ule pasiro'do.
Ruduo'.

Summer

is

over.

Va'sara pasi'baige.
eveKa'rstis pe'rejo. Rytai' ir vakarai' ve'sus.

The heat is past. The mornings and

The
to

nings are cool. leaves are beginning

fall.

La'pai pra'deda

kri'sti.

The days are still fine. The days are closing. Autumn is interesting on
It is

Die'nos vis dar gra'zios. Die'nos ei'na trumpy'n. Ruduo' jdomu's yra' ant
Rei'no.

the Rhine. the time of the vintage.

Lai'kas rinki'mo vy'nuogiu.-

How happy
are!
It is

the people

Koki' laimi'ngi zmo'nes!

a good vintage.

Ge'rasuzdere'jimas vy'nuogiu,.

We

must soon begin

fires.

to

Neuzi'lgo ture'sime kuria'nti kro'snis.

make
dy.
It

We have
It is
It is

had a

fire alrea-

Mes jau kuria'nome

Tuojau's sute'msta. Tamsu'.
Grazi' nakti's.

sy'kj

becomes dark soon.

dark.
a fine night.

dark night.

Tamsi' nakti's.

38
Is it

moonlight?

Ar me'nuo
Ja'unatis.

Svie'Sia?

It is full

New
I

moon. moon.
think it will rain ?

Yra' pi'lnatis.

Do you

am

afraid so.

Ar manai', kad lis? As to ir bijau'si.

Ledai' puo'la.
Ly'ja.

It hails. It rains.

It is

very windy.

Labai' ve'jas.

Winter.
It is winter.

Ziema'.

The days
It is cold. It is
It is It is

are so short.

Ziema'. Die'nos tokio's tru'mpos.

&a'lta.

very cold. a cold wind. bad weather.

is

Labai'

sa'lta.

Labai' sa'ltas ve'jas. Labai' biauru's o'ras.

It is foggy.

U'kanota.
overcast.

The sky
It will
It

Dangu's apsiniau'kes.
Snigs.
Snie'gti.

snow. snows.

It

snows in great

flakes.

Snie'gti
kai's.

dideliai's

plia-

It freezes.

Sa'la.

It freezes

very hard.

Can you skate ? The ice does not bear up.

The

ice is thick

enough.

Sma'rkiai sa'la. Ar mo'ki 5iuo'zti? Le'das nelai'ko. Le'das sto'ras gana'.

How

cold it

is

in Lithua.

Kaip

sa'lta Lietuvoje'!

nia!

In Lithuania
gland, but
It is

winters
finer.

are colder than in En-

Lietuvoje' zie'mos salte'snes ne'gu A'nglijoje,

much

bet

daug

graze'snes.

healthy weather. It thaws.

Sve'ikas o'ras.
Lei'dzia.

39
It is slippery. It is dirty.

Slidu'.

The The

ice is

thawing.

streets are very

dirty.

wet

Purvy'nas. Le'das ti'rpsta. Ga'tves labai' sla'pios

pu'rvinos. Kale'dos.
Kufiia'.

ir

and

Christmas.
Christmas-eve.

New year's day. A new year.

Writing.
I

Nauju/ me'tij diena'.

Nauji' me'tai.
Ra'symas. no'riu po'pieros.

want some paper,

Ink,

As

Ra'salo,

Pens,

steel pen.

Plu'nksmj, Plieni'ne plu'nksna.

Have you any

Envelopes,

Ar

tu'rite

Ko'nvertij,

Stamps,
I

Krasa'zenkliij,

Sealing wax? want a sheet of

writing paper,
blotting paper.

Lia'ko?

As no'riu

la'ksta

ra'somos popieros,
su'geriamos po'pieros.
Li'bra.
letter.

A quire.
I

have to write a

As

turiu' rasy'ti laiska.

A penknife. Now I will write.

What
It is
is

Peiliu'kas.

Daba'r rasy'siu.
Kelinta' diena' menesio?

the day of the

month?

Where

the 16th. is the postoffice?

Yra' sesio'likta.

Kur

yra' krasa'?
laiskai' isei'naj

Close by.

Cia pat.
letters

When
to Daily.

do the

go

Kuome't

England?
it

A'nglija? Kasdien.

Take

to the postoffice.

Nune'sk kraso'n.

40

Have you
ter?
I

sealed the let-

Ar

uzantspaudzia'vote

lai'ska?
it.

forgot

As pamirsau'.

Where
Where
I

is

my seal?

Kur

yra'

ma'noant'spau-

da?
is it?

have it. Here it is.

Kur ji yra'? As turiu'.

Stai yra'.

Take care

of the letter.

Ziure'k lai'sko.
Skalbeja'.

The Laundress.

You

bring

my

linen very

Labai' velai' a'tnesi ma'-

late.

You wash badly. You have washed

I like

no ska'lbin^. Prastai' skalbi'.

it

well.

I'sskalbei gerai'.

my

collars stiff.

As myliu'
kakles.

stipria's api'-

You do
it.

not put starch in

Ne'dedi skorby'lo.

I miss a collar. See how badly that done. You must take it back.

As nerandu'
is

Ziure'k, kaip

api'kakles. neti'kusiai

tas padary'ta.

Turi ne'stis

This

is

badly ironed.
is

atga'l. Si'tas neti'kusiai ispro'sinta.

This shirt

scorched.
spoiled this

Sitie'

marskiniai' pride'-

ginti.

You have
shirt.

Sugadinai' situo's ma'rskinius.

Sita' no'sinenepriklau'so

This handkerchief does not belong to me. You have torn this skirtYou have kept a pair of
stockings.

man.
Suple'sei si'ta sejo'na.

Nea'tnesei poro'spancia'kij.

A nightshirt is

wanting.

Nakti'niij marskinii^' nera'.

41

Have you your bill? You must wash better

I

Ar
or

turi' sa'nskaita?

Turi'

must give

my

linen

isska'lbti geriau' a'rba as ture'siu ki'tai

to another laundress.

skalbe'jai duo'ti sa'vo ska'lbinj ska'lbti.

With the Priest.

Pas ku'niga.

Praised be Jesus Christ.

Tegu'l bus paga'rbintas

Je'zus Kri'stus.

For ever and

I

ever.

Ant a'mziij A'men.

Nore'Siau

amzinu/jij.

wish to pay for a holy

a low or a

uzpi'rkti

mi-

mass. What kind

sia's sventa's.

Skaity'tas ar giedo'tas?

high mass?

For what day ? For next Friday.

Kokiai' die'nai?

Atei'naniam penkta'dieniui.

What

will

the funeral

Kick bus
kslu?

cost including the

mass

palai'dojimas su misiomi's ir pamo'-

and the sermon?

We brought the
be baptized.

child to

A'tvezeme
kri'ksta.

ku'dik^

What name would you

give the child ? Let us go to church.
I

Kokiu' vardu' no'rite apkri'kstyti.

Eime' jbazny'ia.
Nore'Siau
zintj.

wish to go to confession.

atli'kti

i'spa-

The
he

priest
is

is not at home; out visiting some

Ku'nigo nera' namie',

vazia'vo pas ligo'nj.

is,

sick person.
With the lawyer.

Pas advoka'la.

Are you a lawyer,

sir?

Ar ta'mista
tas?

esi'

advoka'-

42
Yes,
I
sir, I

am

a lawyer.

Teip, ta'mista, advoka'tas.

as esiu'

have some trouble and would like to ask your

advice.
is

Turiu' kliau'tj ir nore'Ciau klau'sti ta'mistos

patari'mo.

What

the trouble, have

you had a fight with some fellow? No, I was held up, and beaten, and robbed of my money and now
they accuse me of the very same thing.

Kokia' mista

kliau'tis, ar

ta'-

susi'pesei

su
su'-

kuo ? Ne, mane'

ir

pasto'jo,

muse, pi'riigus a'teme

daba'r ka'ltina,

buk

tai as ta da'res.

Have you any

proofs of

Ar

turi',

ta'mista'

ko-

your innocence?
I

kiu's priro'dymus sa'-

vo nekalty'bei?

have the witnesses who

will testify that I

As

was

turiu' liu'dininkus, kurie' paliu'dis, kad jie

held up and robbed.

mane' pasto'jo
ple'se.

ir

api-

Did they sue you? No, they simply gave me into the hands of the police and the police

Ar jie ta'mista sku'nde ? Ne, jie tik ati'dave mane' J ranka's poli'cijos, o poli'cija pri'verte
mane' sude'ti
lai'dui

made me
bail.

furnish $500

They say the robbers took

to flight.

penki's simtu's do'leriij Plesi'kai, sa'ko, pabe'ge.

Prisai'kintojij

The grand jury dismissed

the case.

tei'smas

Then what you have

to

a'tmete by'la. Tadvi'skas, ko ta'mistai

rei'kia, tai

do is to hire detectives and search for the robbers.

I

nusamdy'ti
ir jiesko'ti

detektyvu's
plesi'kij.

am

sued for

libel.

Mane' sku'ndzia uz apsmeizi'mg

rastu'.

43

They charge me with

sault
I

as-

and battery.
to sue

want
is

him

for

slander.

That

a plain forgery

mane' uz uzpuoli'ma irsumusi'ma. As no'riu jjsku/sti uz apsmeizi'ma. Tai yra' grynai' prigaJie ka'ltina gy'stes byla'.

case.

The

sentenced him, for arson, to the

judge

Teise'jas pa'smerke

jj.

uz

penitentiary

for

six

padegi'ma sesie'ms me'nesiams kale'jimo.

Teisejai' i'snesenuspren-

months.

The jury brought out

verdict of guilty.

di'ma apka'ltinimo.
Teisejai' nesusitai'ko. As turiu' by'la su kompa'nija.

The jury
I

disagreed. have a case against the

at

company. was hurt while

work.

my

Mane' su'zeide
bant.

man

di'r-

want

to

collect my
divorce

As no'riu atgau'ti sa'vo

a'lga.

wages.
I

am
from

seeking

As

husband; he is cruel to me. Do you think, sir, I can

my

jie'skau pe'rskir^ su sa'vo vy'ru: jis yra' ziauru's su mani'm.

ta'mista, kad as gau'siu kokj' uzlai'-

Ar manai'

get any alimony after

I

am

Why

yes,

divorced ? dear lady,

kyma nuo
if

sa'vo vy'ro?

only your husband possesses

any property.

O, teip, bra'ngi ta'mista, jei tik ta'mistos vy'ras tu'ri kokia' nuo'savybe.

With the doctor.

Is the

Pas da'ktara.

doctor at

home?

Ar da'ktaras namie'?
Nera', bet
gry's.

is out, but he will be back soon. When does he stay in his

He

tuojau's su-

Kuome't
re'?

jis

bu'va biu-

office?

44

~
Nuo
jij

From

9 to 12 A.

M. and

devyniu/
i'ki

i'ki

dvy'tri-

from 3 to 8 P. M.

liktai ry'to ir
re'.

nuo

astuoniu/ vaka-

your trouble? I have a bad cold. My head aches awfully.

is

What

Kas jums ke'nkia? As turiu' di'deles sloga's.

Man bai'siai ga'lva skau'da.

have palpitation of the

heart.

As

turiu' drebe'jima sir-

die's.

My My

bowels do not move.

appetite
is

Neinu' lau'kan.

poor.

Man

nesiva'lgo gerai'.

Do you

sleep well?

Ar mie'gasi

Sometimes Hie awake in bed till midnight and get up in the morning
all tired out.

gerai'? Ka'rtais neuzmiegu' i'ki vidu'nakc"iui ir ant ryto'jaus keliuo'si vi'sas

pai'lses.

Did you
in the

try

warm

baths

Ar ba'ndete

silta's

mauir sa'l-

evenings and cold baths in the mornings?

dyne's vakarai's

Try them, they

tas rytai's? Pabandy'kite, jos ta'mistai ga'li

page'lbeti.

may

My
I

help you. hearing is affected;

is

Ma'no au'sys
u'zia ausyse'.

u'zgultos,

there
ears.

a noise in

my

have sore eyes, have a toothache.

the front one and take out the molar
fill

Man

aki's skau'da.

Da'ntj.

man

ge'lia.

Please

Meldziu'

pry'sakinj uzpliombuo'ti, o kru'minj istrau'kti.

tooth.

Which
I

hollow? can fill it up with gold, silver or cement: which would you rather have ?
tooth
is

Kuri's danty's kiau'ras? Galiu' uzpliombuo'tiau'ksu, sidabru', ar ce'-

mentu, kuomi' ta'mistai geriau' pati'ktij?

45
It

matters not which,

it

if

Tas

vis tiek

kuomi',

jei

only will last.

tik laiki's.

I
I I

have a cough.

As
be

ko's6iu.

am spitting blood. am afraid it may

Spiau'ju kraujai's.
Bijau'si,

kad

nebu'tij

phthisis. Your fears are

less.
I

dzio'va.

ground-

Ju'svj

will give

you the medi-

bai'me yra' be pa'mato. Duo'siu ta'mistaivai'stij,

kurie' ta'mistai page'l-

cine that will help you at once.

bes tuojau's.

How

is

this medicine

to

Kaip

sitie' vai'stai

i'mti?

be taken?

Every hour; half an hour before each meal.

Kas valanda'; pu'se valando's pries kiekvie'-

na

va'lgj.

One

pill

before retiring
in w|iter

Vie'na pi'le ei'nant gu'lti

to bed.

Ten drops
you

when

feel badly.

Desi'mts lasu/ vandeyj', kaipta'mista jau'siesi

negerai'.

But how
diet?

is

it

with the

kai'p su valgiu'?

Eat everything you like but see that your stomach digests it.

Va'lgykite kas
ti'nka,

jums

pa-

tik

ziure'kite,

kad viduriai'
tij.

suvi'rin-

Can

I occasionally drink a glass or two of beer?

Ar

ti

galiu' kartais issige'rvie'na, ki'ta sti'kla

alau's?

No: you'd best abstain from drinking any liquor while you are under

Ne; geriau' susilaiky 'kite ge'rg svaigi'nan^ius

ge'ralus

my

treatment.

kol gy'dotes pas mane'.

46
In

a Restaurant.

Restaura'cijoje.

Give me a drink. Will you have something with me? Why not? with pleasure. Give me seltzer water.

Duok

issige'rti.

Gal i'msite ka ant mane's?

Kode'l ne? su no'ru.

Duok man

se'lcerio.

You'd take whiskey or

beer.
I

Geriau's i'mkite degti'nes ar alau's.

never use any strong

drinks.

As ne'geriu

jo'kiij

sti-

priu/ geralu/.

Give

me

plain soda wa-

Duok man
vande'ns.

ty'ro

so'dos

ter.
I will

take a glass of wine.

As

i'msiu stikle'l^ vy'no.

Have a smoke. Have you good cigars ? Yes, sir, we have pure Havana cigars.

Uzsiriiky'k.

Ar tu'rite geru's cigaru's' Teip, ta'mista' mes tu'rime

tikrij

Hava'nos

ciga'nj.

Why don't

you join our

company?
Let us drink!

Kode'l ta'mista neprisi'dedi prie mus?

Ge'rkime!
health
I

To your good
Good
looks!

Uz
to

ju'sij sveika'ta!

Svei'kas!
is it

Whose

turn

now

Keno' kaleina' daba'r

ty'ti?

sta-

furnish drinks?

Quit drinking boys, let us go home. No, sir, I won't go home

before I treat you back.
If that is

Vaikinai',

gana' ge'rti,

ei'name namo'.

ne, as nei siu

atga'l.

namo',

kol nepastaty'siu

jums

your wish,

let

Jei jau ta'mistos toksai'

no'ras, taiissige'rkime. Li'kite svei'ki daba'r.

us drink then.

Good bye now.

When

will

we meet

a-

Kuome't suei'sime vel?

Bi'le kada'
ia sa'vaite.

gain? Any time this week.

47
Conductor.
Kondu'ktorius.

All aboard.
Fares, please.

Kara'n.
Bi'lietus, meldziu'.

Don't you want a transfer 9

Ar

no'rite pe'rsezdzio?

How far is this car going?

gO!
I

Kaip toli' si'taska'rasei'na?

Kur
want
to reach the

ta'mista no'ri ei'ti?

pasiekti

&O

As no'riu
sto'te.

ir

depot. When does the train leave

for St. Louis?

Kuome't traukiny's
na
j,

isei'-

St.
t

Lou'is'a?
atei'na
is

When does the New York

train arrive?

Kuome

New

At 12 A. M. Can I have my
with
Yes,

Yo'rk'o traukiny's? Dvy'likta va'landa ry'to.

me on

things the train?

Ar

as galiu' ture'ti sa'vo

dai'ktus su savi'm ant trau'kinio? Teip, jei ta'mista nori. Tu'rite apibilietuo'ti sa'-

if you care to have them. You have to check your

baggage. That trunk

for you,

vo dai'ktus.
is

too heavy
it

Si's ku'paras

persunku's

get a porter
for

and
you.

let

him carry

ta'mistai, pai'mkite nesi'ka ir duo'kite jam

ne'sti.

Did you give

me my
I

Ar man
ly'kj,

ati'davete

ma'no
as ne-

change, conductor?

kondu'ktoriau?

Not

yet,

madam,

Dar

ne, ta'mista,

haven't any change just now.

turiu'

smulkiu/

tuo

ta'rpu.

Can you take me to Washington park? No, madam, you have to take another car.

Ar
j

ga'lite nuve'zti

mane'

Va'singtono da'rza? Ne, ta'mista; tu'rite i'mli

ki'ta ka'ra.

48

You have

to get off this car at the next corner.

Tu'rite

isli'pti

is Si'to

ka'ro ant ki'toka'mpo.

Close this door, please.

Uzdary'kite
Krei'pkites
j.

sita's duri's.
i's-

Face

forward when alighting from the car.

feot off

pry'sak^ lipant is ka'ro.

ko'ju,

Keep your
seat.

the

Nede'kite
dy'nes.

ant se-

Do not
The

spit

on the

floor.

Stop the

car, please.

car ran off the track.

little

Nespiau'dykit ant aslo's. Sustabdy'kite ka'ra. Ka'ras nupuo'le nuo be'giu,-

In accident a

boy

was

killed.

Atsitiki'mas, ma'zas vaiku'tis li'kosi u'zmustas

What

a pity.
In School.

Kaip

gai'la.

Take up your readers and

let

us read.
is

Your reading

good.

do you spell this word? It is very hard to pro nounce it.

How

Moky kloje. I'mkite skaitymeliu's ir paskaity'sime le'kcija. Paskai'tote gerai'. Kaip tu su'dedi si'ta zo'<H'

Yra' labai'
ta'rti.

sunku's

is-

How

are you getting a-

Kaip tau

ei'nasi su skait-

long with your bers? I do very well with

bers. I

numnum-

lia'vimu?

Man

se'kasi gana' gerai'

skaitliuo'ti.

know
tions:

well

all

addition,

four acsub-

Zinau' gerai' visa's ke'turias veikme's: sude-

traction,
tion,

multiplicadivision.

and

atemi'mo, padau'ginimo ir padali'nimo.

ji'mo,

I like to study
ics,

mathemat-

Man

pati'nka moki'ntis
ypati'nir

especially algebra,

matema'tika,
gai a'lgebra
trija.

and geometry.

geome'-

49
I like

drawing the best.

is

PieSi'ma

myliu' ge[-

riau'siai.

Electricity

a very ina very dry

teresting science.

Elektry'be yra' labai' domu's mo'kslas.

Chemistry
study.

is

Che'mija yra'

labai' sau'sas mo'kslas.

rei-

Every study requires a

great deal
of mental

Kiekvie'nas mo'kslas
lau'ja gana' da'rbo.

pro'tisko
tykiai',

work.

Now
and

sit

still,

be
is

erect,

Daba'r sede'kite

listen.

tiesiai' ir klausy'kite.

Your deportment

bad.

Ta'vo pasielgi'mas
gas.

blo'-

What

are you giggling a-

Ko

tu kveto'ji?

bout? Don't you laugh in your

sleeve.

Nesijuo'k

ranko've.

In the

Grocery Store.

What willyou have, Mrs. ? Give me three pounds of

washing soda, one bar of soap, four pounds of soap chips, and a bottle
of bluing.

Va'lgomij daiktu' sa'nkrovoje. Ka nore'site' ta'mistos?

Duo'kite mantrissvaru's
a'rmedruskes, vie'na bru'sa mui'lo, ke'turis svaru's mui'laskiedriij,
ir

bo'nka me'lio.

Have you good cheese?

have a nice and fresh cream cheese. How do you likelimburger cheese?

Ar

tu'rite ge'ro su'rio?

We

Tu'rime

svie'zio, graziau'sgrietini'nio su'rio Kaip jums pati'nka li'm-

do not like it at all. Give me a pound of coffee and a quarter of- a

I

burgo su'ris? jis ne ui ka. Duo'kite man sva'ra ka-

Man

pound of green tea. What do you want, little

girl?

vo's ir be'rtainj, sva'ro zalio'sios arba'tos.

Ka tu,

mergai'te, no'ri?

50

Give

me

one cake of

Duo'kite
mieliu/
sai'niij.

man
ir

yeast and a crackers.

pound of

plycke'l[ sva'ra sau-

How much

is

a pound of

Kiek

yra'

sva'rui

cu'-

sugar? Five cents a pound, 22 pounds for a dollar.

kraus? Penki' ce'ntai sva'rui, dvi'desimts du svaru' uz do'lerj.

How

do you bacon?
sell
it

sell

your
c.

Kaip jus parduo'date

sinius?

la'-

We

at 12|

Mes

parduo'dame
ir

po
pu'se

pound.

dvy'lika ce'ntvj
sva'ra.

Have you crab apples for making jelly? have Yes, ma'am, we plenty of them and nice
ones
too.

Ar

obuodrebu'diams dary'ti Teip, ta'mista, tu'rime

tu'rite giri'niij
liu/
jij i'ki

va'liai, irgeru/.

Your prunes
time, were

I
all

had

last

musty.

Ju'sij dziovi'ntosios sly'vos, ka paskuti'nj ka'r-

ta emiau', bu'vo vi'sos

suple'ke.

Have you any greens?

Yes, ma'am, we have cucumbers, lettuce, radishes,

Ar

tu'rite kokhj' zalumy'nij? Teip, ta'mista, tu'rime

agu'rkij,

salo'tij,

ridi-

asparagus,

cab-

ke'liij, sta'relitj,
stij,

kopu'a'n-

bage, green peas, string

zaliu/ zi'rniij,

beans and cauliflower.

kstiniij pu'pij ir

zy'd-

kopusiiij.

How do you sell cabbage ?

Two
heads for a dime, a
nickel a head.

Kaip parduo'date kopustu's?

Dvi

ga'lvi

ce'ntij

uz de'simtj penki' ce'ntai

galva'.

51

Give

me

five cents

worth

Duo'kite
centu's
gu'rkij
tu'kij.

man
ir

uz penki's
a-

of pickles and a package of matches.

raugi'ntij

pake'lj deg?

Don't

you

wish
'!

any
very

Ar

neno'rite krienu/

yra'

horse-radish

It is

puiku' su desre'lemis.

No,

nice with sausage. sir; we do not use

Ne, ta mista; mes neva'l-

any meat.
"What
are

gome
eggs

meso's.

worth
sell

Kaip

sto'vi

daba'r kiaukiausi'niai

now?
Strictly fresh eggs now 25c. a dozen.

si'niai?

Visai' sviezi'

parsiduo'da daba'r po dvi'desimts penki's

centu's tu'zinas.

Let Let

me have one dozen. me see, how many

Duo'kite

man

tu'zina.

Na'

articles I have here. Will you wrap them all

gi ziure'siu, kiek as Cia daiktu/ turiu'.

Malone'kite
juos visu's
i

together? Can you deliver

suvy'nioti kru'va.

it

at

my

Ar
j

ga'lite pristaty'ti

man

house?
Yes, ma'am, always.
Labor and Trades.

namu's?

Teip, ta'mista, visuome't

Da'rbas
ba'r.
ir

amatai'.

Work

is

scarce now.

Darbu' mazai'

tera'

da-

People are idle all over the country. The coal miners are all on a strike. The wood workers do very little work.
Tailors
can't

Zmo'nes visu'rbe da'rbo.

Anglekasiai' visi' yra' e'jg ant strai'ko.
is-

Isdirbejai' me'dziolabai' mazai' tedi'rba.

complain

they

Ru'bsiuviai

sku'ndziasi

make ends meet.

negal^' galu's sudu'iti.

52

Work

is

slack every-

Apsistoji'mas darbu/ visu'r.

where.

Plenty of hands and no work.

Pi'lna

darbini'nkij,

da'rbo nera'.
Sa'ko,

They

say there is overproduction of everything.

kad

vi'sko yra'

The markets

are over-

pridi'rbta perdau'g. Preky'vietes u'zversta ir

stocked and there is no place to sell the goods.

parduo'ti preke's nera' kur.

The
.

situation

is

bad

for

Padeji'mas blo'gas kiekvie'no, bet tike'kimes, kad tas nebu's amzinai'

every body, but let us hope it will not last forever.

Let us have courage and

look for

new

sources

Ture'kime dra'sa ir ko'kime nauju;

<*
<s

jies-

vers-

for our prosperity. Let us build good roads,

miu/ mu'sij gero'vei. Ve'skime geru's keliu's,

staty'kime nauju's na-

new houses, and make other improvements.

mu's

ir

dary'kime

ki-

tu's page'rinimus.

How do you like farming ?

That
hard and tedious work and but scanis

ty, little pay.

But you will not starve on a farm.

Kaipmyli' zemdirby'ste? Tai yra' sunku's, nuobodu's da'rbas, o u'zmokestis menka' irmaza'. Bet ba'do neke'si ant uke's.

And you will feel yourself

independent, too. Blessed is he whoploughs.

Ir jau'si save

neprigultas,

mi'ngu

tei'pgi.

Palai'mintasyra'
ri's a'ria.

ku-

No less we need those who sew, and hew, and

write.

Nemaziau' mes reikalau'-

jame

ir tij,

kurie' siu'-

va, ta'so, ar ra'so.

Just

look
get.

around and

lik apsiziure k
ir

apli'nk

stick to anything

you

ki'bkis prie

ko

tik

can

gali'.

53
I

am

a carpenter and can

all

Esiu'
bu'ti

daili'de

ir

galiu'

be helpful the place.

around
jan-

naudi'ngas apie namu's.

Can you give me the

itor's position?

Ar

negale'Siau

gau'ti

Yes,

we need

one.

na'msargio vie'ta? Teip, mes reikalau'jame

na'msargio. Atei'k rytoj' ry'ta.

Come around to-morrow

morning.

What wages will you pay ?

Forty
dollars a

month

Kiek moke'site algo's? Ke'turias de'simtis do'leriij

and living rooms.

Are you married?
Yes,
I
sir;

me'nesiui
ve'des?

ir

gyve'-

nimui ka'mbarius.

Ar

esi'

there are four in

Teip,

am

our family. looking for a good blacksmith.

learned
that

e'same ta'mista, keturi' seimy'nos.

jie'skau ge'ro ka'lvio.

As
As

I've just

trade serving my time of apprenticeship in a

large smithy. Can you shoe horses

tik ka pa'baigiau ta a'mata' isbu'ves lai'ka

mokiny'bes
ka'lveje.

dideleje'

and

Argali' kau'styti a'rklius

ir

temper tools?
I

used to be the best hand

for that.

As buvau'

gru'dinti j'rankius? geriau'siu dar-

bininku' tarn.
Esiu' be da'rbo gana' seniai', ar neduo'tumete

have been out of work for quite a long time;

would

you give me
Ir

man ka vei'kti, kad

gale'Ciau ve'rstis?

as

anything to do so that I could help myself? And what can you do? I can do any kind of hard
labor.

ka tu

gali' vei'kti?

AS

galiu' di'rbti bi'le kokj su'nkij da'rba.

Can you drive horses?

Ar mo'ki
kliai's?

vaziuo'ti

ar

54
I

can drive
er them.

horses*

and

As mo'ku
nau,
a'rklius.

vaziuo'ti ir zi
priziure'ti

know how

to look aft-

kaip

We

need quite a few hands to repair our

house.

Mes reikalau'jame puse'tinai daug darbini'nkij

prie tai'symo na'mo.

mu'sij

About how many do you want? Ten we t h i n k will be

enough.
I

Kiek

ji

no'rite?

Desimte's, re'gis, uzte'ks

will get

you that many.

looking for a bartender in your place ? Yes, sir, I am looking for a good, steady and sober man. I assure you, sir, I am the one you are seeking.

Are you

As gau'siu jums tiek. Ar jie'skote si'nkavedzio

sa'vo vie'tai?

Teip,

ta'mista,

jie'skau
ir

ge'ro, pastovau's blai'vo vy'ro.

Uzti'krinu ta'mista, kad as esu' toki's, kokio'

ta'mista jie'skai.

Very well, sir, I will give you a chance to prove

it.

Labai' gerai', ta'mista, duo'siu sveika m pro'-

ga ta paro'dyti.
Midwife.
Aku'siere.

lam

seeking your -help,

ill

As

madam.

jie'skau ju'sij paga'lbos, ta'mista.

pati'

My
Is

wife is finement.

with con-

Ma'no

apsi'rgo su

vaiku'.

Do you think
necessary ?
I

she very sick? the use of instruments will be

afraid
it

Ar ji labai' se'rga? Ar ma'note, kad instru'mentai reike's varto'ti?

am

will be.

As

bijau'si,

kad

reike's.

She had great pains the whole night.

Ji ture'jodi'delius skausmu's vi'sa na'kt^.

55

she lying in a bed? She tries to keep up walkIs

Ar
Ji

ji

lo'voje gu'li?
vai'ksc'ioti, bet
jai.

ba'ndo

ing,

but

that

is

too

tasperskaudu' yra'
Gerai',

painful for her. All right, I will be there

in a minute.

as bu'siu

tenai
9

kaip bematai'.
patient?

Where
(a

is

the

Kur
O,

yra' Sesiauni'nke

woman

in childbed)

O, I hear her groans.

girdziu'

jos

deja'vi-

mus.

You have done

put in
I

well;

you

all

clean bedding
well.

Gerai' pada'rete, patai'se lo'va skaisciai'.

Tikiu',

believe everything will

kad vi'skas

isei's

come out

gerai'.

Is this her first child? No, ma'am, she had one

Ar

ku'dikiu? ji su pi'rmu Ne, ta'mista, su vie'nu

ji

The

miscarriage. child is coming head

pasigadi'no.

Ku'dikis ei'naga'lvapir-

first.

ma.
is

The
The

case

not an encour-

Nelabai' ge'ras daly'kas.

aging one.
child
is

coming side-

Ku'dikis ei'na ske'rsas.

ways.

Perhaps we would better call a doctor? We have to put the patient to sleep.

Gal geriau's bus pasau'kusda'ktara? Tu'rime ligo'ne uzmigdy'ti.

We

can do nothing with-

out the instruments.

Nega'lime nie'ko dary'ti be instru'mentij.

Telefonuo'kite da'ktaro. Duo'kit ka'rsto vande'ns
ir

Telephone for a doctor. Get some hot water and

a towel.

ra'nksluost^.
slapiu's

Make warm and wet

ap-

De'kite siltu's,

plications to the private parts.

pri'dedalus prie ly'tiskij daliij'.

56

The The
is!

patient is better. child is delivered.

a healthy baby she

Ligo'ne gere'sne. Ku'dikis gi'me.

Koksai' svei'kas vai'kasl

What
I

never, received such a big child as that.

is it,

Niekuome't

nebuvau'

Which
girl?

a boy or a

prie'musi tokio' di'kto vai'ko, kaip si'tas. Kas, ar vai'kas, ar mer-

What

matters

which?

Tas

gai'te? vis tiek kas, mo'tina

tu'.

The mother will be proud of either one. It is a fine boy. It is a luxury to have such a beautiful baby. I would be proud to be the sponsor for that kind
of a child.

didziuo'sis vie'nu ir ki-

Grazu's vaiku'tis.

Yra' dziau'gsmas ture'ti

tok^' gra'zij

ku'dik.
jei bu'-

As didziuo'ciausi,
ko.

Siau po'dziu tokio' vai'-

Declensions.
The Lithuanian language has two Genders: The Masculine and Feminine. The substantives of Masculine

Gender in Nominative Singular take the termi-us, -ys, -as, -is.

nation in
there

inine Gen. terminate in

is also

Common

substantives of FemIn speaking of persons Gender, which is either mas-a, -e.

The

culine or feminine, terminating in -a. There are Three Numbers in the Lithuanian language: Singular, Dual, and Plural, and seven cases: Nominative, Vocative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental and Locative.

A GOLDEN
ples.

RULE. Always remember the gender

of the Substantive.

Declensions will be easiest to learn from exam-

57
Examples. Declension First.
a)

SINGULAR.
sve'i-as, guest;
sveti-e'!

N. lau'k-as,

field;

V. lau'k-e! o field!

o guest!

G. lau'k-o, of a field; D lau'k-ui, to afield;

A. lau'k-a, field;
In. lauk-u',

sve'6i-o, of a guest;

sve'6i-ui, to a guest.

sve'2i-a, guest;
field;

with a

sve5i-u',

with a guest;

L. lauk-e', in the field;

svety-je', in the guest.

PLURAL.
N., V. lauk-ai', fields; G. lauk-u/, of fields;
D. lauk-a'ms, to fields; A. lauk-u's, fields;
In. lauk-ai's,
sve2i-ai', guests;

sve6i-u/, of guests; svei-a'ms, to guests;

svedi-u's, guests;

with

fields;

svei-ai's,

with guests;

L. lauk-uose', in fields;

sve6i-uose', in guests.

N.,V., A. (du) lauk-u', G., L. as in the plural.

to,

DUAL. two fields;

sve2i-u',

two guests;

D., In. (dviem) lauk-a'm, to, with

two fields; sve5i-a'm,

with two guests.

b)

SINGULAR.
pei'li-s,

N. gaidy'-s, rooster;
V. G. D. A.
gaidy'! o rooster! gai'dzi-o, of a rooster;
gai'dzi-ui, to a rooster;
gai'd[, rooster;

knife;

o knife! pei'li-o, of a knife;

pei'li!

pei'li-ui, to
pei'lj,

a knife;

knife;

In. gaidzi-u'.with a rooster; peili-u', with a knife: L. gaidy-je', in the rooster; pei'ly-je, in the knife.

PLURAL.
N., V. gaidzi-ai', roosters; G. gaidzi-u/, of roosters;
pei'li-ai,
pei'li-vj,

knives; of knives.

D. gaidzi-a'ms, to roosters; pei'li-ams, to knives;

58

A. gaidzi-u's, roosters;

peili-u's, knives;

with knives; L. gaidzi-uose', in roosters; pei'li-uose, in knives.

In. gaidzi-ai's.with roosters pei'li-ais,

N., V., A. (du) gaidzi-u', knives; Q., L. as in the plural.

li-am, to, with

DUAL. two

roosters; peili-u',

two

D., In. (dviem) gaidzi-a'm, to, with

two

roosters; pei'-

two knives.

Examples.
a)

Declension Second.

SINGULAR.

N. rank-a', hand; valdzi-a', government va'ldzi-a! o government! V. ra'nk-a! ohand! G. ra'nkos, of a hand; valdzi-o's, of a government; D. ra'nk-ai, to a hand; va'ldzi-ai, to a government: A. ra'nk-a, hand; va'ldzi-a, government; In. rank-a', with a hand; valdzi-a', with agov-ment; L. ra'nk-oje, inthe hand; valdzio-je', inthegov-ment.

PLURAL.
governments; governments: D. ra'nk-oms, to hands; valdzi-o'ms, to gov-ments; A. rank-a's, hands; valdzi-a's, governments; In. ra'nk-omis, with hands; valdzi-omi's, with gov-ts;
va'ldzi-os,

N., V. ra'nk-os, hands: Q. ra'nk-ij, of hands;

valdzi-u/, of

L. ra'nkose, in hands;

valdzi-ose', in governments:

DUAL.
N., V., A. (dvi) rank-i', two hands; valdi',

two gov-

ernments;
G., L. as in the plural. D., In.

dzi-o'm,

(dviem) ra'nk-om, to, with two hands; valto, with two governments.

59
t>)

SINGULAR.
pel-e",

mouse; o mouse! G. trob-o's, of a building; pel-e's, of a mouse; D. tro'b-ai, to a building; pe'l-ei, to a mouse; A. tro'b-a, building: pe'l-e, mouse; In. trob-a', with a building: pel-e' with a mouse; L. trob-oje', in the building; pel-eje', in the mouse.
pe'l-e!

N. trob-a', building; V. tro'b-a! o building!

PLURAL.
N., V. tro'b-os, buildings; G. trob-u/, of buildings;

D.

A.
In.

L.

mice; the mice; trob-o'ms, to buildings; pel-e'ms, to the mice; tro'b-as, buildings; pel-e's, mice; trob-omi's,with build-s; pel-emi's, with the mice; trob-ose', in buildings; pel-e'se, in the mice.
pe'l-es,

pel-iu/, of

N. V. A. (dvi)

trob-i',

DUAL. two buildings; pel

to,

i',

two mice;

G. L. as in the plural. D. In. (dviem) trob-o'm,

1-e'm, to, with

with two buildings; pe-

two mice.

Examples. Declension Third.

a)

SINGULAR.
ka'rti-s, pole;

N.

vagi'-s, thief;

V. vagi-e'! o thief! G. vagi-e's, of a thief; D. va'gi-ui, to athief;

A. va'g, thief;
In. vagi'-m,
;

ka'rti-e! o pole!
ka'rti-es, of

a pole; ka'ri-ai, to apole;

ka'rtj, pole;

with a thief ka'rtimi, with a pole; L. vagy-je', in the thief; ka'rtyje, in the pole.

PLURAL.
N., V. va'gy-s, thieves; G. vagi-ij, of thieves;
ka'rtys, poles;
ka'rcl-ij, of poles;

60
D. vagi'-ms, to thieves; A. vagi'-s, thieves;
ka'rti-ms, to poles;
ka'rti-s, poles;

I. vagi-mi's, with thieves; ka'rti-mis, with poles; L. vagy-se', in thieves; ka'rty-se, in poles.

DUAL.
N., V., A. (du) vagi-u', two thieves; (dvi)ka'rti,
poles. N., L. as in the plural.

two

D., In.(dviem-) vagi'-m, to, with

to,

two thieves; ka'rti-m,

with two

poles.

6)

SINGULAR.
nakti'-s, night;

N. aki'-s, eye; V. aki-e'! oeye! G. aki e's, of an eye;

D. a'ki-ai, to an eye; A. a'k, eye;
In. aki-mi',

nakti-e'! o night!
nakti-e's, of
na'kfii-ai, to

a night; a night;

na'ktj, night;

with an eye; nakti-mi', with a night;

nakty-je', in the night.

L. aky-je', in the eye;

PLURAL.
N., V. a'ky-s, eyes; G. aki-u/, of eyes; D. aki'-ms, to eyes;
na'kty-s, nights;

naki-u/(nakt-u/), of nights; nakti'-ms, to nights;

nakti'-s, nights;

A.

aki'-s, eyes;

In. aki-mi's,

with eyes:

L. aky-se', in eyes;

nakti-mi's, with nights; nakty-se, in nights.

DUAL.
N., V., A. (dvi) aki', two eyes: nakti', two nights; N., L. as in the plural.
D., In. (dviem) aki'-m, to,
to,

with two eyes; nakti'-m,

with two nights.

Examples.
a)

Declension Fourth.

SINGULAR.
zmog-u's, man;

N. sun-u's, son;

61 V. sun-au'! o son! G. sun-au 's, of a son; D. su'n-ui, to a son; A. su'n-tj, son. In. sun-umi', with a son; L. sun-uje', in the son;
zmog-au'! o man! zmog-au's, of a man;
zmo'g-ui, to a
zmo'g-ij,

man; man; zmo-umi' with a man; zmog-uje', in the man;

PLURAL.
N., V. su'n-us, sons; G. sun-u', of sons:

D. sun-u'ms, to sons; A. su'n-us, sons;

In. sun-umi's,

zmo'n-es, people: zmon-iu/, of people; zmon-e'ms, to people; zmo'n-es, people;

with sons; zmon-emi's, with people;

zmon-ese', in people.

L. sun-uose', in sons;

N., V., A. (du) su'n-u, G., L. as in the plural.

D., In. sun-u'm, to,

DUAL. two sons; zmog-u', two men;

to, with

with two sons; zmon-e'm,

two men.
b)

SINGULAR.
puo'dzi-us,
potter;

N.

vaisi-u's, fruit;

V. vaisi-au'! o fruit! puo'dzi-au! o potter! G. vaisi-au's, of a fruit; puo'dzi-aus, of a potter; D. vai'si-ui, to a fruit: puo'dzi-ui, to a potter;

A.
I.

vai'si-ij, fruit;

puo'dzi-ij, potter;

vaisi-umi'.with a fruit; puo'dzi-umi, with a potter. L. vaisi-uje', in the fruit; puo'dzi-uje, in the potter.

PLURAL.
N., V. vai'si-ai, fruits;
puo'dzi-ai, potters;
puo'dzi-ij, of potters;

G. vai'si-ij, of fruits; D. vai'si-ams, to fruits; A. vaisi-u's, fruits; In. vai'si-ais, with fruits; L. vai'si-uose, in fruits;

puo'dzi-ams, to potters;
puo'dzi-us, potters;
puo'dzi-ais, with potters; puo'dzi-uose, in potters.

62

N., V.,

DUAL. A. (du) vaisi-u', two

fruits;

puo'dzi-u,

two

potters; G., L. as in the plural.

D., In. (dviem) vai'si-am, to, with

two

fruits;

puo'-

dzi-am,

to,

with two

potters.

Examples.
)

Declension Fifth.

SINGULAR.

N. akmuo', stone. me'nuo, moon, month; me'nuo! o moon! V. akmuo'! o stone! G. akme'ns, of a stone; me'nesi-o, of a moon; D. a'kmeni-ui, to a stone; me'nesi-ui, to a moon; A. a'kmen^, stone; me'nesj, moon; I. akmeni'm,with astone; me'nesi-u, with a moon; L. akmeny-je' in the stone; me'nesyje, in the moon;

PLURAL.
N., V. a'kmen-s, stones; G. akmen-u/, of stones;
me'nesi-ai, moons; me'nesi-ij, of moons; D. akmen-i'ms, to stones; me'nesi-ams, to moons;

A. a'kmen-is, stones;
In.

me'nesi-us, moons;
ston. me'nesi-ais,

akmen-imi's.with

L. akmen-yse', in stones;

with moons; me' nesy-se, in moons.

N., V., A. (du) a'kmen-iu,

DUAL. two stones; me'nesi-u, two

moons.
G., L. as in the plural. D., In.

(dviem) akmen-i'm, to, with two stones; me'nesiam, to, with two moons.
6)

SINGULAR.
sesuo', sister;
se'ser! o sister!
sese'rs, of a sister;

N. suo, dog; V. suni-e'! odogl

G. suns, of a dog;

63
D. su'ni-ui, to a dog; A. su'n[, dog;
In.
It.

se'ser-iai, to

a sister;
sister;

se'ser[, sister;

suni-mi', with a dog;

suny-je', in the dog;

seser-imi',

with a

seser-yje', in the sister.

PLURAL.
N., V. su'n-es, dogs; G. un-u/, of dogs; D. sun-i'ms, to dogs; A. sun-i's, dogs;
In. sun-imi's,

se'sers, sisters;

seser-u/, of sisters;

seser-i'ms, to sisters;
se'ser-is, sisters;

with dogs;

seser-imi's,

with

sisters;

L.

un-yse', in dogs;

seser-yse', in sisters.

N., V/, A. (du) sun-iu',

sisters.

DUAL. two dogs;

(dvi) se'ser-i,

two

G., L. as in the plural. D., In. (dviem) sun-i'm, to,

to,

with two dogs; seser-i'm,

with two

sisters.

SINGULR. c) N. dukte', o daughter;

V. du'kter! daughter!

PLURAL.
du'kter-s, daughters; du'kters! daughters!

G. dukte'r-s, of a daughter; dukter-u/, of daughters: D.du'kter-iai, to a daughter; dukter-i'ms to daughters

A. du'kter-[, daughter; I. dukter-imi', with a

du'kter-is, daughters;

dukter-imi's.with daugh-

ters; daughter; L. dukter-yje', in the dukter-yse', in daughters, daughter;

N., V., A. (dvi) du'kteri, G., L. as in the plural.

DUAL. two daughters;

with two daughters.

D., In. (dviem) dukter-i'm, to,

64

Adjectives.
adjectives have two Genders: Masculine and Feminine. The Nominative Singular of Mascu-

The

Gender of adjectives terminates in -as, -ias, -is, and its definitive form in: -asis, -ysis, -usis. The same case of Feminine Gender of adjectives terminates in: -a, -ia, -e, -i, and its definitive form in: -oji,
line
-us,
-io j i
.

Declension First.

Geras,/.-ra, good; StaCias, /.-fia, erect.

SINGULAR.
N.,V. ge'r-as,

C5
SlNOULAIt.
,

V. medi'n-is,
inctli'n-io

medi'ne,
medi'n-es,
medi'n-ei,

di'del-is,

di'del-e,
didel-e'st

di'dol-io.

medi'n-iam,
modi'n-i, 1
J
.

didel-ia'm, di'del-ei;
di'del-i. C

medi'n-e, C
J

di'del-e:
,

medin-iu',

modin-e',

di'del-iu,

didel-e';

metli'n-iame,

medi'n-eje, didel-iame'. di'del-eje.

Pl.T'HAL.

X., V. mcdi'n-iai,
I),

medi'n-es,

didel-i',

di'del-es;
;

medi'n-iij,

didel-iij

medi'n-iams, medi'n-ems, didel-ie'ms, didol-e'ms; A. media-ill's, medin-e's di'del-ius, di'del-os:

In
.

modi'n-iais, medi'n-emis, didel-iai's, didel-emi's: mcdi'n-iuose: medi'n-ese, didel-iuose', didel-ese'.

DUAL.
X., V.. A. medin-iu', medin-i', didel-iu', didel-i'; (i., L. as in the plural.
D., In. medi'n-iam,

medi'n-em, didel-ie'm, didel-e'm;

Declension Third.

Skaud-u's, /.-di, painful;

Ly'g-us, /.-i, even.

SINGULAR.

X
I),

V. skaud-u's,

skaud-i',
skaud/.-io's,

ly'g-us,

ly'g-i:
ly'g-io;
ly'ir-ia

G. skaud-au's,

ly'g-aus,

skaudx-ia'm,

skau'dx-iai, ly'g-iam,

A. skau'di^.
In. skaud/.-iu',

skau'd/-ia,
skaudx-ia',

ly'g-ij,

ly'g-ia:

ly'g iu,

ly'g-ia

L. skaudx-iame',

skaudz-ioje', ly'g-iame, ly'g-ioje.

X., V. skau'd-us, skau'd/.-ios,

(i.

ly'g-us,

]y'g-ios;

skaud/-iu/, ly'g-iij; 1). skaud-ie'ms, skaudx-io'ms, ly'g-iems ly'g-ioms: A. skaud/-iu's, skaud/-ia's, Jy'gius, ly'g-ias;

6G
In. skaudz-iai's,

skaudz-iomi's, ly'g-iais, lyg-iomi's; L. skaudz-iuose', skaudz-iose', ly'g-iuose, ly'g-iose'.

DUAL.
N., V., A. skaudz-iu' skaud-i, G., L. as in the plural.
D., In. skaud-ie'm,
ly'g-iu,
ly'g-i;

skaudz-io'm, ly'g-iem, ly'g-iom.

Declension of the Definitive Form of Adjectives.

Balt-a'sis,/.-to'ji, white; Did-y'sis, /.-dzio'ji, big.

SINGULAR.
N., V. balt-a'sis, -t-o'ji, G. ba'lt-ojo, -t-o'sios,
did-y'sis, -dz-io'ji;

di'dz-iojo, -dz-io'sios;

D. balt-a'mjam, -t-aijai, A. ba'lt-ajj, -t-aja,

In. balt.-uo'ju, -ta'ja,

didz-ia'mjam, -dz-iaijai;
di'd-yj, -dz-iaja; didz-iuo'ju, -dz-iaja;

L. balt-a'mjame, -t-o'joje, didz-ia'mjame,-dz-io'joje.

PLURAL.
N., V. balt-ie'jie, -t-osios, G. balt-u_'jij,
did-ie'jie, -dz-iosios;
did/-iu/jtj;

D. balt-ie'msiems, -t-o'msioms,

did-ie'msiems,
didz-iuo'sius,

-dz-iomsioms.
-dz-ia'sias:

A. balt-tuo'sius,

-t-a'sias,

In. balt-ai'siais,-t-o'msiomis, didz-iai'siais,

-dz-io'msiomis;

L. balt-uo'siuose,-t-o'siose, didz-iuo'siuose,-dz-io'siose

DUAL.
N., V., A. balt-uo'ju, -t-ie'ji, didz-iuo'ju, G., L. as in the plural.
L., In. balt-ie'mjiem, -t-o'mjom,
-d-ie'ji;

did-ie'mjiem,

-dz-io'mjom.

67
Graz-u'sis,/.-zio'ji, nice.

SINGULAR.
N., V. gra/.-u'sis, -z-io'ji G. gra'x.-iojo, -z-io'sios,

PLURAL.
graz-ie'jie, -z-iosios;
graz-iij'jij,

D. graz-ia'mjam,
A. gra'/.-u4,

-z-iaijai,

graz-ie'msiems,-z-io'msioms;
graz-iuo'sius, -z-ia'sias: -z-io'mgraz-iai'siais, siomis.

-z-iaja,

In. graz-iuo'ju, -z-ia'ja,

L. graz-ia'mjame, -zio'joje,

graz-iuo'siuose,

-z-io'-

siose.

DUAL.
N., V., A. graz-iuo'ju, graz-ie'ji; G., L. as in the plural.
J., In.

graz-ie'mjiem, graz-io'mjom.

NOTE. In the terminations of Feminine Gender, where there is no emphasis given, it is because the emphasized syllable is omitted.
Comparison
of Adjectives.

of a Lithuanian adjective is formed by adding -esnis, -esne to the permanent part of adjective, the Superlative by adding -iausias (or -iausis), -iausia (or -iausi) to it, as:

The comparative

Graz-u's, gra/.-e'snis, -e'sne; graz-iau'sias

iau'sia(-si), nice, nicer, nicest.

(-sis),

graz-

Ge'r-as, ger-e'snis, -e'sne, ger-iau'sias(-sis), ger-iau'sia (-si), good, better, best.

The "than" following the Comparative is translated by "ne'gu" or "kaip", as: He is better than you, Jis yra' gere'snis ne'gu or kaip tu.
Pronouns.

As -I.

Toki's, /.
-kia'

-such.

Kiekvie'nas,

69
First Future.

As

bu'siu, I shall be;

Tu bu'si,
Jis bus,

thou wilt be; he will be;

Mu'du
Ju'du

bu'siva,
bu'sita,

we two you two

shall be;

will be;

Mes bu'sime, we shall be; Jus bu'site, you will be.

Declin. Part.: Bu'sias, -sianti, one who will be. Indecl. Part.: Bu'siant, one that will be.

Imperfect Frequentative.

As bu'davau,

Tu

used to be; bu'davai, thou used to be;

I

Jis bu'davo,

he used to be;
to be;

Mu'du bu'davova, we two used

Ju'du bu'davota, you two used to be; Mes bu'davome, we used to be; Jus bu'davote, you used to be.
Decl. Part.: Bu'daves, -vusi, been. Indecl. Part.: Bu'davus, been.

Perfect.

As

esu' bu'ves, -vusi, I

have been;

Tu esi'

bu'ves, -vusi, thou hast been;

ji

yra bu'vusi, he, she has been; vusios, we two have been; Ju'du, e'sata bu've,-dvi vusios, you two have been; Mes e'same bu've, we have been; Jus e'sate bu've, -vusios, you have been.
Jis yra' bu'ves,

Mu'du, e'sava bu've,-dvi

Past

Pei'fect.

had been; buvai' bu'vgs, -vusi, thou hadst been; Jis bu'vo bu'vgs, ji bu'vo bu'vusi, he, she had been.
-vusi, I

As buvau' bu'vgs,

Tu

70

Mu'du bu'vova

bu've,

mu'dvi

Ju'du bu'vota bu've, ju'dvi

M^'s

we two had been; bu'vusios, you two had

bu'vusios,

been.

been; Jus bu'vote bu've, -vusios, you had been.

-vusios,

bu'vome bu've,

we had

Future

Perfect.

As bu'siu

Tu
Jis

bu'ves, -vusi, I shall have been; bu'si bu'ves, -vusi, thou wilt have been;
ji

bus bu'vusi, he, she will have been; mu'dvi bu'vusios, we two shall have been; Ju'du bu'sita bu've, ju'dvi bu'vusios, you two will have been; Mes bu'sime bu've, -vusios, we shall have been; Jus bu'site bu've, -vusios, you will have been. bus bu'ves,

Mu'du bu'siva

bu've,

First Conditional.

As

bu'Ciau, I should be;

bu'tum, thou wouldst be; he would be; Mu'du bu'tuva', we should be; Ju'du bu'tuta, you two would be; Mes bu't4ime, we should be; Jus bu'tute, you would be.
Jis bu'tij,

Tu

Second Conditional. -vusi, I should have been. -vusi, thou wouldst have been; Jis bu'tij bu'ves, ji vusi, he, she would have been; Mu'du bu'tuva bu've, -dvi vusios, we two should

As bu'ciau bu'ves, Tu bu'tum bu'ves,

have been.

Ju'du bu'tuta bu've, -dvi

-vusios,

you two would

have been;
been;

Mes bu'tume

bu've, -vusios,

we should have

Jus bu'tute buve, -vusios, you would have been.

Regular Conjugation.
Active Voice.

Here we confine ourselves only to the commonest tenses and forms of conjugation; the complete conjugation must be looked for in grammar.
Infinitive.

Su'kti, to turn; Myle'ti, to love; Maty'ti, to see; Zino'ti, to know.

Present.

As

suku',

72
Imperfect.

A Tu
Jis

sukau',
sukai',

myle'jau,
myle'jai,

maiau',
matei',

zmo

jau;

zino'jai;

su'ko,

myle'jo,

ma'te,

zino'jo;

Mu'du su'kova,

myle'jova,

ma'teva,
ma'leta,

zino'jova;
zino'jota;

Ju'du su'kota, myle'jota, Mes su'kome, myle'jome, Jus su'kote, myle'jote,

ma'teme,
ma'tete,

zino'jome,
zino'jote.

First Future.

As

su'ksiu,
su'ksi,

myle'siu,
myle'si,

maty'siu
maty'si,

zino'siu;
zino'si;

Tu
Jis

suks,

myle's,

maty's,

zino's;
zino'si va;

Mu'du

su'ksiva, myle'siva,

maty 'si va,

Ju'du su'ksita, myle'sita, zino'sita; matysita, Mes su'ksime myle'sime, maty'sime, zino'sime; Jus zino'site. su'ksite, mylesite, maty'site, Decl. Part, su'ksias, -sianti, myle'sias, -sianti, maty. sias, -sianti, zino'sias, -sianti, one who will
turn,
Indecl.

who

will love, etc.

zi-

Part,

su'ksiant, myle'siant, maty'siant, no'siant, one who will turn, etc.

First Conditional.

As

su'kfiiau,

myle'Ciau,

maty'Ciau,

zino'6iau;

Tu
Jis

su'ktum,
su'ktu,,

myle'tum,
myle'tij,

maty'tum,
maty'tij,

zino'tum;
zino'tij;

Mu'du

su'ktuva, myle'tuva, maty'tuva,

zino'tuva;

Ju'du su'ktuta, myletuta, maty'tuta,* zino'tuta; Messu'ktume, myle'tume, maty'tume, zino'tume: Jus su'ktute, zino'tute. myle'tute, maty'tute, Conjunct. Mode: su'ktij, myle'tij, maty'ti^, zino'tij, in
order to turn, to love, etc.

Adverbs.
After, po, pa'skui.
since, nuoto'laik,

again, vel.
ago, atga'l. always, visuome't.
early, anksti'.
ever, vis, visuome't.

already, jau.
late, velai'.

yes, teip.

indeed, isti'kro.
truly, teisi'ngai.

never, niekuome't. forever, ant visado's.

certainly,

>

t
j

krai

surely,

frequently, ta'nkiai.

only, tik, tiktai'.

immediately, pavy'mui.
lately, neseniai'.

some,

iek-tie'k.

nothing, nie'ko.

now, daba'r.
often, ta'nkiai.

much, daug.
quite, visai'.

seldom,

retai'.

very, labai'.
so, teip.

soon, tuojau's.

sometimes, ka'rtais.
then, la'syk.

thus, tokiu' budu'.

how? kaip?
no, not but, bet. ne.

when? kuome't?
while, ko'lai. daily, kasdie'n.
until, i'ki, kol.

enough, gana'.
scarcely, vargiai'.

yet, dar.

almost, bevei'k, kuone'

here, ia. there, ten.

to-day, sia'ndien.

to-morrow, rytoj'.
to-night, sia'nakt.

where? kur?

yesterday, va'kar.

why?
Prepositions.

kode'l?

Above,
after,

virsui' (gen.)

against, pries' (ace.)

about, apli'nkui (ace.)

paskui'

(ace.),

po

pirma (gen.) over, virsu'm (gen.),

before,
(ace.)

per

(dat. or gen.)

74
of,

nuo(gen.)

under, po (instr.)
(gen.)

since, nuo,

po

on, ant (gen.)

for, del (gen.)

in,
[,

with, su (instr.)
to, pas, i (ace.)

int (ace.)
arti' (gen.)

near

out,

is.

(gen.)

Conjunctions.
And,
ir.

therefore, tode'l.
else, kitai'p.

also, teipgi.

even, net.
or, ar,

otherwise, antrai'p.

nor, ne.
yet, dar.

although, nors. because, nes, kada'ngi.

if, joi,

jei'gu.

because, kadangi, nes. that, kad, jog.

perhaps, turbut, gal.

Interjections.

Hark! klausy'k! pshaw! et!

alas! o*

hushityle'k!

ha!hm!
what ka
! !

hurrah !urra'!
oh!
ai!

Hello !ei;o!

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