OBJECTIVES 1. To understand the concepts of Ohms Law and Kirchoffs Law concepts and circuit analysis. 2.

To understand the concepts of circuit connection in circuit analysis. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 1. DC power supply 2. Digital multimeter 3. Breadboard 4. Resistor : 1 k_ , 2.2 k_ and 6.8 k_ INTRODUCTION In this laboratory session the experiment will be conducted to expose the students to Ohms Law, Kirchoffs Law and Circuit Connection. DC

Part A: Circuit Connection Figure 4.1 shows different type of circuit connections, series, parallel and series parallel combinations.

series circuit

parallel

series and parallel circuit

Part B: Ohms Law Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points, and inversely proportional to the resistance between them.

Ohm's Law is given by: where V is the potential difference between two points which include a resistance R and I is the current flowing through the resistance. Part C: Kirchoffs Law a) Kirchoff Voltage Law (KVL) The sum of the voltage drops around a closed loop is equal to the sum of the voltage sources of that loop. b) Kirchoff Current Law (KCL) The total current arriving at any junction point in a circuit is equal to the total currentleaving that junction. c) Application : voltage divider and current divider The voltage divider and current divider are useful concepts in analyzing circuits, as illustrated in

PROCEDURE Part A: Ohms Law Fixed Resistance and Variable Voltage 1. Measure the value of each resistor R1, R2 and R3.Record their values in Table 4.1.

Nominal (_) R1 R2 R3 1k 2.2k 6.8k

Measured (_)

Refer to Figure 4.3. Draw a new circuit next to Figure 4.3 showing the connection of multimeters to measure the current I, the voltages V1 and V2.

3. With power off, select R1 and R2 and assemble the circuit in Figure 4.3. 4. Set the source voltage to 8 V and measure the current I and voltage across R1 and R2. Record these results in Table 4.2. 5. Repeat the step above by decreasing the value of voltage,V to 6 V, 4 V , 2 V and 0 V. 6. Record your readings in Table 4.2. 7. Calculate V1 + V2.. What can you conclude? Answer:

Part B: Kirchoffs Laws i) Kirchoffs Voltage Law

Figure 4.5: Voltage divider circuit 1. Connect all resistors as shown in Figure 4.5. 2. With the voltage supply unconnected, measure the total circuit resistance. Answer: . 3. Set the dc power supply to 15V. 4. Measure the voltages across R1, R2 and R3 and record in Table 4.4. 5. Measure the current flowing through each resistors and record in Table 4.4. Table 4.4 R1 R2