Academic Vocabulary

Academic Vocabulary
for Fifth- to Seventh-Grade English Language Learners in Texas

A Teacher Resource Developed From the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR) and Mathematics
The Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk 2010 Texas Education Agency/University of Texas System/Education Service Center Region XIII
Acknowledgments
The Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk
Mara Elena Argelles, Ph.D. Consultant Meaghan Edmonds, Ph.D. Senior Research Associate Angela Hairrell, Ph.D. Meadows Center Fellow Sharon Jackson, Ph.D. Director of Community Outreach
Sharon Vaughn, Ph.D. Executive Director
www.meadowscenter.org
Advisors
Elfrieda Hiebert, Ph.D. Paula Moeller, Ph.D.
Teacher Reviewers
Dorothy Centilli Amanda Goetzman Clara Klegg Rebecca Laurel Charlene Postell Jamie Ward Sarah Wilson
2010 Texas Education Agency/University of Texas System/ Education Service Center Region XIII
Texas Education Agency

These materials are copyrighted by and are the property of the Texas Education Agency and the University of Texas System and may not be reproduced or distributed without their written permission. To obtain a license to reprint large quantities, contact licensing@texasreading.org. Lizzette Reynolds Deputy Commissioner, Statewide Policy and Programs Roberto Manzo Project Manager Everly Broadway, Ed.D. Director of Mathematics Susie Coultress Director of Bilingual/ ESL Education
Education Service Center Region XIII

Marilyn Peebles Project Coordinator
Contents
Introduction ......................................................................................... 5 Comprehensive Word Lists ................................................................ 17 English Language Arts and Reading ............................................. 17 Mathematics ................................................................................ 41 Grade-Level Word Lists ..................................................................... 59 Grade 5 English Language Arts and Reading ................................ 59 Grade 5 Mathematics ................................................................... 70 Grade 6 English Language Arts and Reading ................................ 76 Grade 6 Mathematics ................................................................... 87 Grade 7 English Language Arts and Reading ................................ 94 Grade 7 Mathematics ................................................................. 104 References ....................................................................................... 111
Dear Texas Teachers, This booklet serves as a resource for classroom teachers in Texas who work with the English language learner (ELL) population. Words included were selected from the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS), with the aim of identifying vocabulary that will help students learn content and skills represented on statewide assessments. We hope you find this booklet useful as you incorporate academic vocabulary into your instruction. Thank you for your dedication to providing highquality education for all Texas students!
Introduction
What Is Academic Vocabulary?
Academic vocabulary refers to the words that are used in academic discourse, both written and spoken, and that traditionally have been identified from a corpus of academic texts. Some lists of academic vocabulary include an indication of each word or word familys rate of occurrence in academic texts (e.g., Coxhead, 2000; Zeno, Ivens, Millard, & Duvvuri, 1995). Definitions of academic vocabulary can differ, depending on the source and context in which the term is used. For the specific purposes of this booklet, we have defined academic vocabulary as the key words and concepts in the TEKS for English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR) and Mathematics that will help ELLs in grades 57 read and understand text, develop subject-matter literacy, and demonstrate their knowledge and skills.
This definition aligns closely with the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) PreK-12 English Language Proficiency Standards (Gottlieb, Carnuccio, Ernst-Slavit, & Katz, 2006). TESOL defines academic language as language that is used to acquire a new or deeper understanding of content related to the core curriculum areas and communicate that understanding to others; it is the language that students must use to effectively participate in the classroom environment (p. 18).
Why Is Academic Vocabulary Important?

National and state data trends indicate that ELLs lag behind their native English-speaking peers in academic achievement. For example, approximately half (56%) of fifth-grade students with limited English proficiency passed the TAKS in reading in 2008, compared with 83% of the statewide fifth-grade population. Nationally, 70% of ELLs read below basic levels (Lee, Grigg, & Donahue, 2007). These gaps occur across the grade levels and in other curricular areas. Although the reasons for the gaps are multifaceted and complex, vocabulary knowledge and acquisition are key factors (August, Carlo, Dressler, & Snow, 2005; Stahl & Nagy, 2006). The relationships between vocabulary knowledge and comprehension, and language proficiency and reading growth, are well established in the literature. Research has shown a strong and consistent predictive relationship between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension across grade levels (Alexander & Jetton, 2000; Nagy, 2005).
2010 Texas Education Agency/University of Texas System/Education Service Center Region XIII
However, nonnative English speakers in the upper elementary and middle school grades often face the challenge of learning core content with specialized vocabulary and basic English at the same time (Short & Fitzsimmons, 2007). Students may become fluent in conversational English relatively quickly, but it takes considerable time to develop the vocabulary needed to succeed in school. Many factors influence the rate at which academic English is learned, but research suggests that ELLs require 4 to 10 years to obtain the academic language and vocabulary of their native English-speaking peers (Collier, 1989; Fillmore & Snow, 2000). This vocabulary challenge must be addressed through systematic and intensive vocabulary development and language-rich classrooms. A recent review of literature on reading instruction for ELLs found strong evidence to support the inclusion of high-quality vocabulary instruction in a curriculum for ELLs (Gersten et al., 2007). Toward that goal, the review panel recommended the development and adoption of vocabulary lists to help focus instruction on both content-specific vocabulary and common academic words that students may not know (Gersten et al., 2007). In addition, evidence suggests that instructional approaches effective for teaching native speakers can also be used effectively with ELLs (August & Shanahan, 2006; Gersten & Baker, 2000). Teachers also can capitalize on the growing body of literature on effective vocabulary instruction for ELLs (e.g., Carlo et al., 2004).
How Were Terms Selected?

We identified the academic vocabulary in this resource from the TEKS for fifth- to seventh-grade ELAR and Mathematics. A group of educators and researchers with expertise in comprehension, vocabulary, mathematics, and instruction for ELLs developed, reviewed, and refined the lists. The lead team members selected the following types of terms: Specialized vocabulary words (i.e., content area specific): These words relate to subject matter and concepts that students are expected to know (e.g., character, decimal). Nonspecialized, academic vocabulary words: These words can be found across content areas and in multiple contexts. These words have the potential to build a strong language foundation, especially for ELLs (Beck et al., 2002). Words and phrases that describe how students are expected to demonstrate their knowledge: These words often are found in the skills outlined in the TEKS student expectations (e.g., the student is expected to clarify, the student is expected to summarize).
Lists were then reviewed and refined by the advisory group and ELAR and Mathematics teachers who work with the ELL population.
Terms by Grade and Subject Area

The following table shows the number of terms included in this resource by grade level and subject area.
Grade level
ELAR terms
Mathematics terms
Fifth grade Sixth grade Seventh grade
284 277 258
140 142 154
By no means do we suggest that you teach all of the words included in this resource for your grade level and subject area. We did, however, design the lists to be manageable, should you wish to incorporate most or all of the terms in your instruction. For example, during a school year, a seventh-grade mathematics teacher could address most of the words on the list by teaching approximately four words a week.
How Can I Use This Booklet in My Instructional Planning?

Our goal was to compile terms from the Texas curriculum in a useful format to help teachers plan effective instruction that incorporates academic vocabulary. The lists are intended as a resource and should not be considered a mandate for which words to teach. Again, by no means do we suggest that you teach all of the included words for your grade level and subject area, nor would it be prudent to teach the words in isolation, out of context. Use your knowledge of your students and your schools curriculum to determine which words to teach. You may decide to delete or add terms. Terms are organized by TEKS subsection (e.g., Geometry and spatial reasoning in Mathematics), but you may choose to reorganize words to better meet your students needs. Consider your students knowledge of the words when deciding which words to teach. The lists include both specialized terms and common terms with which some students may already be familiar. Also consider the depth of knowledge you want your students to have for a given wordsometimes having some knowledge of a word will suffice, but in other instances, a student may be required to recognize and use the word in a variety of contexts (Beck, McKeown, & Kucan, 2002; Dale, 1965; Graves, 2000; Graves, 2006). Carefully determine whether students must fully understand a word before deciding whether to incorporate it in your vocabulary instruction.
Important Distinctions Between the ELAR and Mathematics Vocabulary Lists

The Mathematics list contains content-specific words from the TEKS, many of which appear on statewide assessments. For example, a sample Mathematics item on a previously released TAKS directly assesses a students knowledge of ordered pairs, points, triangles, and circles (Item = Locate an ordered pair that represents a point inside both the triangle and circle; Mathematics TAKS, Grade 6, 2004, released test). In the ELAR list, on the other hand, the majority of words from the standards represent the language of instruction and not the academic and descriptive language found in the literature and informational text students will read in class (Nagy & Hiebert, in
press). For example, on a sample ELAR TAKS item, students are not assessed directly on their knowledge of the term simile, but they must use their knowledge of other academic vocabulary, such as thousand, raging, and danger to recognize a simile. Because we cannot predict which words students will encounter in the literature or informational text they read in class, we cannot include such words in this resource. However, it is imperative that English language arts teachers also address vocabulary found in the classroom literature.
Many words on the ELAR list represent the language of instruction (e.g., metaphor, character). Students will encounter other academic vocabulary in the literary and informational text they read in class. Because we cannot predict which words students will encounter in the text they read in class, we cannot include such words in this resource. However, it is imperative that English language arts teachers also address vocabulary found in the classroom literature.
How Do I Teach Academic Vocabulary?

This booklet is not intended to provide in-depth information on how to develop and teach vocabulary. Instead, we offer the following set of guidelines (adapted from Graves, 2000, 2006) to help you become a thoughtful consumer of instructional tools and guide your planning as you incorporate academic vocabulary into your classroom. A few strategies that can be adapted to teach academic vocabulary are listed on the pages following the guidelines. Direct Vocabulary Instruction Teach specific vocabulary words directly. There is not one best approach to directly teaching academic vocabulary. The method chosen should reflect how extensively you want your students to understand the vocabulary selected (Beck et al., 2002; Graves, 2000). Teach important words in depth. Integrate the most important academic vocabulary into your instructional routine so that students encounter the words often and have many opportunities to apply their knowledge of the words during reading, writing, and discussion. Focus on the relationship of selected words to important concepts or themes. Vocabulary Development Direct vocabulary instruction is important, but it is insufficient and inefficient alone to foster students language and vocabulary development. Provide multiple opportunities for students to practice using language in discussions and writing. Ensure that students read often from a variety of text types, heighten students awareness of the language in the world around them, and develop the skills of students to learn new vocabulary on their own (Graves, 2000, 2006). Suggestions include the following.
Teach word learning strategies. Teaching students how to use word parts and context to determine the meaning of unknown words has been shown to benefit vocabulary learning (e.g., Baumann, Font, Edwards, & Boland, 2005; Baumann et al., 2002). Many of the words in this resource lend themselves to word study activities such as teaching common root words, prefixes, and suffixes. Teaching students these word foundations can go a long way toward helping students understand related vocabulary words. Foster a love of words and language in your classroom. If students are aware of the vocabulary around them and actively engage in using new words and seeing the relationships among words, students will take ownership of their language learning. Focus on important content area words and common academic words that may be unfamiliar to ELLs. In addition to specialized vocabulary, we have included common words, such as addition and setting, for students who are at the beginning stages of learning English. In this resource, the icon indicates words that appear frequently in the TEKS; that is, they appear across multiple grade levels and standards. Encourage wide reading. Students do not learn most words through direct instruction. There are simply too many words to teach all unknown words through direct instruction (Nagy & Anderson, 1984). Incidental learning and exposure to new words increase when students have many opportunities to read a variety of texts (Beck & McKeown, 1991; Graves, 2000; Joshi, 2005).
Use student-friendly definitions of words and concepts. Provide a student-friendly definition or have students restate, in their own words, what they think the word means. This activity will help you monitor students understanding and help them develop a better understanding of the word (Marzano & Pickering, 2005). Capitalize on students knowledge of their first language. Using Spanish-English cognates, when appropriate, as part of your vocabulary instruction can provide a springboard for developing students second language (August & Shanahan, 2006; Hiebert & Kamil, 2005). In the Word Notes column of each list in this resource, the icon indicates the Spanish cognate for a word. Possible false cognates are also provided, as well as Spanish words that may be more commonly used than the Spanish cognate. Use graphs, pictures, or symbols when appropriate. This approach is especially useful for mathematical concepts that are difficult to explain verbally but that are well suited to nonverbal explanations.
Direct vocabulary instruction is important, but it is insufficient alone to foster students language and vocabulary development. Support students vocabulary development by engaging them in discussions, providing opportunities to read a wide variety of text, and increasing their awareness of language in the world around them. Students must talk, write, and read often to expand their English language proficiency and vocabulary knowledge.
Sample Vocabulary-Building Strategies

The following vocabulary-building strategies can be easily adapted to use for either English language arts or mathematics vocabulary. The words selected are for illustration purposes. The strategies are designed so that other words can be easily substituted.
Word Scaling
This activity requires students to organize related words. Word Scaling works best when students work together in small groups or pairs. As they organize the words, students practice using the words. In addition, students engage in meaningful discussions about the words and explain the meanings to each other. Steps for Word Scaling 1. Select a group of words that are related or belong to the same category (e.g., shapes, measurements, types of numbers). 2. Write the words on cards. Make a set of cards for each group or pair of students. 3. Ask students to arrange the cards in a particular order (e.g., smallest to largest, size, degrees). Sample Word Scaling When studying the vocabulary term systems of measurement: 1. Give each group of students a set of cards with the words: centimeter, inch, yard, meter, liter, gallon, kilometer, and mile. 2. Ask students to sort the words into two groups: customary and metric units of measurement. 3. Ask students to sort the words into those that measure capacity and those that measure length. 4. Ask students to place the cards in order from the smallest measurement to the largest.
Analogies
Use math vocabulary words to create analogies. Working in pairs or small groups, have students discuss and complete each. Sample Analogies answer is to solution as question is to __________ (answer: problem) circle is to circumference as square is to __________ (answer: perimeter) The letter L is to right angle as the letter V is to ____________ (answer: acute angle)
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Semantic Feature Analysis

Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) is a strategy that can be used to organize visually new concepts and related vocabulary. SFA illustrates the hierarchical relationships in a chart or grid. Steps for Semantic Feature Analysis 1. Identify the target concept for the chart to teach. The selected concept should be the most inclusive. In other words, it should encompass all the ideas or members of the categories used in the analysis. 2. In the left column, list the most concrete ideas, or members of categories associated with the target concept. 3. Identify the features of words associated with the target concept. List these across the top row of the grid. Sample Semantic Feature Analysis
Systems of Measurement
Rating Word Knowledge

Rating Word Knowledge (RWK) is a graphic organizer, adapted from the work of Blachowicz and Fisher (2009), that can be used to prompt students to think and talk about the vocabulary words they will learn. Steps for RWK 1. Determine the vocabulary words to be taught. 2. Write the words on the board. 3. Read each word as you point to it. 4. Ask students to write the words in the left column. 5. Ask students to rate their knowledge of the meaning of the word by writing a: 1, if they have never heard or seen the word before 2, if they have heard or seen the word but do not know what it means 3, if they have a general understanding of the word but cannot explain its meaning to others or use it in a sentence 4, if they know the word well enough to explain it to others
Standard unit
Metric unit
Measures capacity
Measures length
Centimeter Inch Yard Liter Meter Gallon
+ + +
+ + +
+ +
+ + + +
RWK promotes metacognitive skills as students monitor their understanding of words and helps students to focus on the important vocabulary words in a chapter or unit. RWK can also be used after instruction to determine whether students knowledge has changed. It can provide teachers with information about students who may need additional practice and instruction.
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o The conclusion of the story was quite ambiguous. o The purpose of the writing will change, depending on the authors perspective.
Cognate Connection
When the English language learners (ELLs) in a classroom all speak Spanish as their first language, teachers can use activities that prompt the ELLs to make connections to their native language. Sample Cognate Connection English circle radius diameter circumference Spanish crculo radio dimetro circunferencia
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Venn Diagram
Venn Diagram
This activity (Nagy, 1988) can be used to compare and conThis activity (Nagy, 1988) can be used to compare and contrast two related vocabulary trast two related vocabulary words.
words.
SampleVenn Diagram Sample Venn Diagram

ESSAY
NOVEL
typicallylonger
short ofteninmagazines andnewspapers usuallyexpressesa pointofview
madeofwordsand sentences readingmaterial maybeinteresting orengaging
mostlyinbookform
tellsastory
fiction
includescharacters, setting,plot
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The labels for the boxes may be changed to better fit the characteristics of the concep being learned. In the following Frayer Model, two of the boxes have been changed to Characteristics and Noncharacteristics.
Frayer Model
The Frayer Model (Frayer, Frederick, & Klausmeier, 1969) is a graphic organizer that helps students think about the relationships and categories associated with the vocabulary being taught. Students have an opportunity to explain and elaborate with examples their understanding of a concept or word. The vocabulary word is entered into the central circle and supporting examples, nonexamples, and other information is written into the boxes. Sample Frayer Model Sample Frayer Models
Definition
A whole number that can be divided evenly by more than two numbers
Characteristics
closed figure sides are line segments
Noncharacteristics
open figure sides are not line segments
Examples

polygon
Nonexamples
notalinesegment
triangle rectangle linesegment square rhombus

openfigure
Facts
It can be divided by itself, by 1, and by at least one other number
allsidesclosed
Examples
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14
Composite Number
Four Squares
Four Squares
Four Squares (Schwartz & Raphael, 1985; Stahl & Nagy, Four (Schwartz & Raphael, 1985; Stahl Nonexamples Squares2006) is an activity used to & Nagy, vocabulary words and the teach 2006) is an activity used to teach vocabulary words and the concepts they represent. Working in pairs,students disconcepts they represent. Working in pairs, have have 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 cuss and complete each of the squares. students discuss and complete each of the squares. Sample Sample Four Squares Four
Word
Squares
Examples
The labels for the boxes may be changed better fit fit characteristics of the concept The labels for the boxes may be changed toto better thethe charaffix being learned. In the following Frayer Model, acteristics of the concept being learned. In two of the boxes have been changed to the following FrayCharacteristics and Noncharacteristics.
er Model, two of the boxes have been changed to Characteristics and Noncharacteristics. Characteristics Noncharacteristics
closed figure sides are line segments open figure sides are not line segments
un- (undone) mis- (misunderstand) -ness (happiness) -ly (calmly)

Nonexamples
Definition A group of letters added to the beginning or end of a word to change its meaning or use
misery run
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Examples
polygon
Possible Sentences Nonexamples
Possible Sentences
Possible Sentences (Stahl & Kapinus, 1991) is both a prereading and postreading activity that can be used with a wide variety of texts, including narrative and expository passages. Steps for Possible Sentences 1. Introduce the text and activate students prior knowledge. 2. Select six to eight words from the text that your students likely do not know. Preferably, select words that represent key concepts and ideas from the passage. 3. Select five or six words that your students likely know. 4. List all of the words on the board. Discuss the meaning of the words, engaging students in discussions and providing student-friendly explanations. 5. Ask students to work in pairs to create sentences that use at least two of the words and that are similar to the sentences in the passage. 6. Write student sentences on the board. 7. Read the passage aloud to students or have them read it on their own. 8. After the reading, discuss whether the sentences on the board are similar to those found in the passage. 9. Discuss and guide students in changing some of the sentences so that they reflect the information from the reading.
Sample Possible Sentences Difficult/unknown words: adage ambiguous coherent compile conflict context emphasis perspective
Easier/familiar words: audience comparison conclusion purpose summary unfamiliar
Sample sentences: The audience enjoyed listening to the storytellers old adages. The conclusion of the story was quite ambiguous. The purpose of the writing will change, depending on the authors perspective.
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Sample Word Lists

When teaching vocabulary and working with a population of English language learners, it may be helpful to consult lists of the most common words in the English language. Below are a few such lists. Keep in mind that many of the terms in this booklet are specialized, content-specific vocabulary and may not appear on the lists of most frequent words. Academic Word List Averil Coxhead (2000) compiled the Academic Word List (AWL), the 570 word families most frequently used in a corpus of academic texts. The list focuses on academic words and thus excludes the most common 2,000 words. The list is organized into 10 sublists in order from the most to least frequent word families. The lists can be found on Coxheads Web site: www.victoria.ac.nz/ lals/resources/academicwordlist Word Zones Published as part of Dr. Freddy Hieberts Text Project, Word Zones (2005) includes 5,586 of the most frequently used words, grouped into four zones of approximately 300, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 words. Download the list for free at: www.textproject.org/ resources/word-zones-list Also available on the Text Project Web site is The 1,000 Most Frequent Words in Middle-Grade and High School Texts: www. textproject.org/resources/word-list Others Fry, E. B., & Kress, J. E. (2006). The reading teachers book of lists (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Zeno, S. M., Ivens, S. H., Millard, R. T., & Duvvuri, R. (1995). The educators word frequency guide. New York, NY: Touchstone Applied Science Associates.
How Do I Decide Which Words to Teach?

Selecting words to teach is an important component of vocabulary instruction. We offer a summary of guidelines developed by Beck et al. (2002) and Nagy and Hiebert (in press) below; we encourage you to explore these publications to find examples and additional explanations. For in-depth instruction, select words that are important for understanding the big ideas in the lesson (e.g., overarching concepts in mathematics). Focus on words that are both important and useful. By selecting words that students will frequently use and read, you help to build a strong vocabulary foundation.
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Select words that are domain specific and critical to understanding the topic, even if those words are not particularly useful (e.g., polygon). For ELLs, also select words that may not be critical to comprehending a particular text but that are commonly encountered across the content areas. For example, words like categorize and process are used across many content areas but are often not the focus of instruction because they are not central to a text or a specific content area. Teaching such words can greatly benefit ELLs vocabulary development.
Instructional time is valuable. Time allocated to in-depth vocabulary instruction should focus on the most useful words to students as they read, write, and discuss across the content areas.
Notes About the Word Lists

1. Words are organized by TEKS category. Words found in multiple categories are placed in the most logical or relevant category. When the same word appears in different categories in different grade levels, the alternate category is noted in parentheses next to the knowledge and skills number. 2. A check mark () indicates that a word is used in the TEKS for that grade level and that a sample student objective is listed. In some instances, a word is found in only one or two of the three grades reviewed (thus, the blank columns for other grades). In some cases, a word is found in the TEKS for fifth and seventh grades but not for sixth grade. 3. If teaching related words in conjunction could enhance concept learning, those words are listed together. 4. We included only words from the standards themselves (i.e., the knowledge and skills statements). We did not list words used to describe the intent or purpose of the standards. 5. Examples and notes are provided in the Word Notes column. For example, the entry for point of view includes a note about the various types addressed in the TEKS (e.g., first person, third person, omniscient). 6. High-frequency words in the TEKS (those that appear often and across grade levels) are marked with the icon. 7. Spanish cognates are marked in the Word Notes column with the icon. 8. To clarify the intended use of a word, examples are provided and words with subject-specific meanings are noted in the Word Notes column when appropriate.
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Comprehensive Word Lists

English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR)
Word or Phrase Sample Grade 5 TEKS Standard Sample Grade 6 TEKS Standard Sample Grade 7 TEKS Standard Word Notes
Reading/Fluency
expression fluency read text 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(Listening and Speaking)
26C
Subject-specific meaning expresin fluidez Related form: reading texto
1 1 1
Reading/Vocabulary Development
adage affix ambiguous analogy antonym/synonym 2C 2C 2C 2D 2A 2A 2A 2B 2C ambiguo analoga antnimo/sinnimo adagio (more commonly proverbio)
= high-frequency word in the TEKS; = Spanish cognate

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Word or Phrase
Sample Grade 5 TEKS Standard
Word Notes
clarify derived determine dictionary foreign glossary Greek affix Greek root idiom Latin affix Latin root linguistic root multiple meaning words pronunciation root saying syllable
2B 2A 2B 2E
2B 2A 2B 2E 2D
2B 2A 2B 2E 2D 2E 2A 2A 15Bii (Writing)
clarificar derivado determinar diccionario Example: foreign words common in English (e.g., bona fide) glosario
2E 2A 2A 2D 2A 2A 2A 2B 2E 2A 2D 2E
2E 2A 2A
Possible false cognate: idioma
2A 2A 2A 2B 2E 2A
2A 2A 2A lingstica
2E 2A
pronunciacin Subject-specific meaning
2E
2E
slaba
Comprehensive ELAR (cont.)
18
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
thesaurus understand unfamiliar vocabulary whole word choice
2E 2 2B 2
2E 2 2B 2 2C
2E 2 2B 2 2C 2E
tesauro Related form: understanding (as in to demonstrate understanding) poco familiar (more commonly desconocido) vocabulario Subject-specific meaning Example: part-to-whole analogies
2E
2E
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Theme and Genre

classical comprehension culture describe distinguish epic tale fiction genre historical 3A 3 3C 3A 3 3C 3 3A 3B 3B 3 3C 6C (Fiction) 3A 3A 10B (Informational Text) 3B 3A 3 3 ficcin gnero Examples: historical event, movement, setting histrico
clsico 3 comprensin Related form: cultural cultura describir Related form: distinguishing distinguir
19
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
inference/infer literary literature moral movement myth phenomena place theme time
3 8A Language) (Sensory 3B 3A 3C 3B 3B
3A 3C 3B
3 3C
inferencia/inferir literario literatura Example: moral lessons moral movimiento
3B
3B
mito fenmeno
3C 3A 3A
(Oral and Written Conventions)
Subject-specific meaning Example: place and time tema Subject-specific meaning
3A 3C
19Av
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Poetry

alliteration analyze hyperbole internal rhyme onomatopoeia 4 4 15Bi (Writing) 4 4 15Bi (Writing) 3B and Genre) (Theme 4 4 15Bii (Writing) aliteracin analizar hiprbola ritmo interno onomatopeya
Comprehensive ELAR (cont.) 20
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
personification poet poetry rhyme scheme sound effect 4 4 4 4
15Bii (Writing)
personificacin poeta
4 15Bi (Writing)
poesa esquema de rimas efecto de sonido
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Drama

drama film play playwright stage direction 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 27
Related form: dramatic adaptation drama filme/filmar (verb) Subject-specific meaning
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Fiction

character climax conflict 6B 6B 6B 6A 6B 6B Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: carcter Subject-specific meaning clmax Example: internal and external conflicts of a character conflicto
21
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
denouement dialect explain falling action foreshadow forms motivation novel plot plot development relationship rising action role turning point 6A 6B 6A 6B 6A 6C 6B
6A 6B 6B 6A 6A dialecto explicar Subject-specific meaning
6C
6C 6B
Examples: forms of words or media; form an overview formas motivacin novela
6A 6A 23C (Research) 6A
6A 6B
Subject-specific meaning
relacin
rol (more commonly papel) 6A
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Literary Nonfiction

autobiography biography 7 7 7 7 autobiografa biografa
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
characteristic diary literary device literary language memoir nonfiction structural pattern 7 7 7 7
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 15Av (Writing)
caracterstica diario
lenguaje literario memoria no ficcin patrn estructural
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Sensory Language

author evaluate imagery mood refrain sensory language 8 8 8 8 7 (Literary Nonfiction) 8 8 8 24B (Research) 8 8 13C (Media Literacy) 8 8 Example: authors tools (e.g., sensory language) autor evaluar imaginera Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: refrn lenguaje sensorial
Reading/Comprehension of Text/Independent Reading

journal logical order 9 9 See also: sequence of events orden lgico
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
reading log
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Culture and History

authors purpose contemporary implicit/implied 10 10 11A (Persuasive Text) 9 9A 9 9 13A (Media Literacy) propsito del autor contemporneo implcito
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Expository Text

classification scheme 11C claims compare and contrast different draw conclusions logical connection main idea meaning method opinion organizational 11C 11C 11E 11 11E 11A 11A 11B 10A 10C 10B 10C 14B (Writing) 10D 10 10D 10A 10B 14B (Writing) 10D 10 10D 10A 10A Example: maintain meaning mtodo opinin Examples: organizational patterns, structures, strategy (in writing) organizativo
esquema de clasificacin Example: categorical claims comparar y contrastar diferente
conexin lgica
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Word or Phrase
Word Notes
overview problem-andsolution proposition-andsupport sequential order similarities summarize summary supporting detail synthesize text feature verify
11D 10C 10C 11C 11E 11A 10D 10A 10A 11A 11E 11D 11B 10A 10D
10C problema-y-solucin proposicin-y-soporte Possible false cognate: soportar orden secuencial 10D Related form: similar similitudes
10A 10A 10D sintetizar
verificar
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Persuasive Text

ad hominem argument authors viewpoint exaggerated identify 12A 12A 12B 12A 11B 10B (Expository Text) 11A 11B 11A 18C (Writing) 11B 11B exagerado identificar
Possible false cognate: argumento
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
parallelism policy rhetorical fallacy stereotype/ stereotyping structure viewpoint
12A 11A 11B 11B 18Aiii (Writing) 12A 11A 11A 11A 18C (Writing)
paralelismo Example: policy speech pliza Examples: ad hominem, exaggeration, stereotyping, categorical claims falacia retrica estereotipo/estereotipar estructura
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Procedural Texts

diagram factual illustration interpret map perform problem procedural procedure 13B 13B 13B 13A 13B 13A 13A 13A 13A 12A 12A 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12A 12A 12A 12A problema Example: procedural text procedimiento
diagrama 10B (Expository Text) factual (more commonly basado en los hechos) ilustracin 13A Literacy) (Media interpretar mapa
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
quantitative (information) solve table task timeline
13B 13A 13B 13A 13B
12B 12A 12B 12A 12B 12A 12A
(informacin) cuantitativa resolver (more commonly solucionar) tabla
Reading/Media Literacy
commercial critique digital documentary explicit formality/informality 14D image influence media news 14 14C 14B 14B 13D 13 13B 13A 14D 14A 13A 13D 13 13B 13C 14B 13C 13D 27 comercial Part of speech in example: noun Related form: criticism crtica digital documentario explcito formalidad/informalidad imgen influenciar medios de comunicacin Example: televised news
13D
27
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
recognize
12B
(Comprehension of Informational Text)
13B
20B
reconocer Example: poetic techniques such as alliteration tcnica Subject-specific meaning tono
technique tone venue
14A
13B
13B 13D
14B
13D
Writing/Writing Process
background reading cause and effect coherent complex sentence controlling idea develop discussion draft edit enhance feedback 15A 15B 15A 15B 15D 15C 15E 14E 14E
15A 15B 15B 14B 14B 14B 14C 14C 14A 14B 14A 14B 14D 14A 14B 14A 14B 14D editar discusin idea de control causa y efecto Examples: internal/external coherence coherente
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
genre grammar interview personal interests process publish purpose revise sequence of events simple sentence spelling strategy style thesis
15A 15D 15A 15A 15 15E 15C 15C 15B 15C 15D 15A 15C 15A
14A 14D 14A 14A 14 14E 14C 14C 14B 14C 14D 14A 14C 14A
14A 14D 14A 14A 14 14E 14C 14C 14B 14C 14D 14A 15Av Texts) (Literary 14A
gnero gramtica entrevista intereses personales Example: writing process proceso publicar propsito revisar See also: logical order secuencia de eventos
estrategia estilo tesis
Writing/Literary Texts
dialogue 16Aiii 15Aiii 5 (Reading) dilogo
29
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
element
16Biii
15Biii 15Bii 15Ai 15Biii 15A 15Bii
15Biii 15Bii 16A (Personal) 15Biii 15A
Examples: stylistic elements, graphical elements elemento lenguaje figurado foco Related form: graphical grfica
figurative language 16Bii focus graphic imaginative story metaphor meter poem point of view sensory details setting similes story story line write 16A 16B 16Ai 16Aii 16Aii 16Bii 16A 16Ai 16Bii 16A 16Bii
metfora 15B Subject-specific meaning metro poema Examples: first person, third person, omniscient punto de vista detalles sensoriales Subject-specific meaning smiles
15B 15Ai 15Aii 15Aii 15Bii 15Aiii 5 (Reading) 15A
15B 14C (Writing Process) 15Aii 15Aii 3B (Reading) 15Aiii 15Aii 15A
30
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Writing (Personal)
action communicate consequence personal narrative 17 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 accin comunicar consecuencia See also: memoir narrativas personales
Writing/Expository and Procedural Texts

closing/closure concluding paragraph conventions convey demonstrate understanding details essay expository fact formal 18B 18Ai 18B 18A 18C 18Aiii 18A 18C 18Aiii 18B 17B 17Ai 17B 17A 17C 17Aiii 17A 17C 17Aiii 17B 17Ai 20A
Subject-specific meaning Example: the closing of a letter prrafo conclusivo Subject-specific meaning convenciones
17A 17C 17Aiii 17A 17C 17Aiii 17B Example: formal letters formal
Related form: demonstrate detalles
expositivo
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
guide inconsistency inform information introduction key idea
18Aii
17Aii 17Aiii
Part of speech in example: verb gua inconsistencia informar informacin Subject-specific meaning introduccin
18Aii 18A 18Ai 18Aii
17Aii 17A 17Ai 17Aii
13C (Reading) 17A 17Ai
Subject-specific meaning letter 18B 17B 17B Example: writing a letter Possible false cognate for this usage: letra (refers to alphabetical letters) multimedia prrafo Part of speech in example: verb presente presentacin respuesta
multimedia paragraph present presentation response rhetorical device salutation sentence structure 18B 18Aiv 18A 18Ai 14C (Reading) 18C
17D 17A 17Ai 17D 17C
17D 17C 17Ai 17D 17C 17Av
salutacin (more commonly saludo) 17Aiv 17Av Examples: simple, compound, complex
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
sound topic 18A 17A
17D 17A
sonido tpico (more commonly tema) Subject-specific meaning Part of speech in example: noun transicin
transition
18Aiv
17Aiv
17Av
Writing/Persuasive Texts
alternative/alternate audience consider counter-argument establish persuasive 19 19 18 18 19 19 19 18 18 18 2E (Reading) 18 18B 18B 18A 18 Example: establish a position establecer persuasivo Subject-specific meaning position 19 18 18A Examples: authors position, establish a position posicin Part of speech in example: adjective alternativa/alternar audiencia Related form: consideration considerar
Oral and Written Conventions/Conventions

active voice 20Ai 19B voz activa
33
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Related form: adjectival adjective 20Aiii 19Aiii 19Aiii Examples: descriptive, predicate, superlative adjetivo Related form: adverbial adverbio Subject-specific meaning antecedente
adverb antecedent appositive phrase collective nouns comparative adjective compound sentence conjunctive adverb context function indefinite pronoun irregular verb modifier parallel structure participle
20Aiv
19Aiv
19Aiii 19C 19Aii
20Aii 20Aiii 20C 19Aiii 19C 19Aiv 20A 20A 20Avi 20Ai 19A 19A 19Avi 19Ai 19C 19C 19Ai 19C 19Aiv 19A 19A adverbio conjuntivo contexto funcin pronombre indefinido verbo irregular modificador estructura paralela participio adjetivo comparativo
34
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
parts of speech passive voice perfect tense phrase predicate preposition prepositional phrase progressive tense relative pronoun subject subject-verb agreement subordinate clause subordinating conjunction superlative adjective tense verb
20A
19A 19B
19A voz pasiva 19Ai
20Av 20B 20Av 20Av
19Av 19Aiii 19Av 19Av
19Av
Example: prepositional or appositive phrase frase Example: predicate adjective predicado
19Av 19Av 19Ai 19Avi
preposicin frase preposicional
pronombre relativo sujeto
20B 20C 19C 19Av 19B 20Avii 20Aiii 19Avii 19Aiii 19Ai 20Ai 19Ai 19Ai 19Avii
clusula subordinada conjuncin subordinada adjetivo superlativo Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: tenso verbo
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Oral and Written Conventions/Handwriting, Capitalization, and Punctuation

abbreviation acronym brackets capitalization clause colon comma composition ellipses emphasis hyphen initials italics legible mechanics organization 21Aii 21C 21 21C 21Aiii 20Aii 20C 20 20C 20Aiii 20 14D (Reading) 21C 20Bii iniciales itlicas legible Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: mecnica organizacin
21i 21Aii
20Ai 20Aii 20Biii
abreviacin acrnimo
21A
20A
20A 20Bi 20Bii
Possible false cognate: capitalizacin Examples: subordinate clause clusula
21Bi 21
20Bi 20 20Biii
20Bi 20
coma Subject-specific meaning composicin elipse nfasis
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
parentheses punctuation punctuation mark quotation semicolon title 21C 21Bii 21B 21Bii
20Biii 20Bii 20B 20Bii 20B 17C (Writing) 20Bii 20C 23C (Research)
parntesis puntuacin
Subject-specific meaning ttulo
Oral and Written Conventions/Spelling

consonant Greek suffix Latin suffix spelling pattern suffix vowel word processing 22Aiii 22Biii 22Biv 22A 22Biii 22Aii 22E 21C 21B consonante sufijo griego sufijo latino Related form: orthographic pattern sufijo
Research/Research Plan
brainstorm consult 23A 23A 22A 22A 22A 22A Part of speech in example: verb consultar
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
decide
23A
22A 22A 22A 22B
22A 22 22A 24A

(Synthesizing Information)
decidir
open-ended question 23A research research question 23A 23B
Research/Gathering Sources
bibliography chart cite/citation data differentiate electronic online paraphrase periodical plagiarism primary source 24D 24C 24E 24C 24B 24A 24A 9 (Reading) 24A 24E 24B 23D 23C Part of speech in example: verb 23E 23C 23B 23A 23A 23E 23A 23E 23B 23D 23D 23D 23A 23D citar Possible false cognate: citacin datos diferenciar electrnico en lnea parfrasis peridica plagio 23C bibliografa
38
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
record reference research plan resource secondary source technology visual
24C 24A 24A 24A 24B 24C 24C
23C 23A 23A 23A 23B 23C 23C
23C 22B Plan) (Research 23A 21

Part of speech in example: verb Possible false cognate: recordar referencia
recurso
17D (Writing) 13B (Reading)
tecnologa visual
Research/Synthesizing Information
relevant/irrelevant reliable/reliability source valid/validity 25B 25B 25B 25B 24B 24B 24B 23E Sources) (Gathering 24B 24B 24B Subject-specific meaning vlido/validez Related form: relevance relevante/irrelevante
Research/Organizing and Presenting Ideas

compile conclusion documentation 26A 26B 26D 25A 25B 25D 25A compilar Example: support conclusions in research conclusin documentacin
39
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
evidence findings format topic sentence
26B 26B 26C 26B
25B 25B 25C 25B
25B 25A 25C
evidencia
formato
Listening and Speaking/Listening

instructions message nonverbal/verbal perspective 27B 27A 27A 27A 26B 26A 26A 26A 26B 26C 26C instrucciones mensaje Example: nonverbal cues such as gesture, posture, facial expression verbal no verbal perspectiva
Listening and Speaking/Speaking

enunciation eye contact gesture 28 28 28 27 27 27 27 27 27 gesto enunciacin
40
Mathematics
Word or Phrase Sample Grade 5 TEKS Standard Sample Grade 6 TEKS Standard Sample Grade 7 TEKS Standard Word Notes
Number, operation, and quantitative reasoning

addition algorithm approximate calculator common denominator common factor compare compatible decimal denominator density 2C 3D 1A 4 1B 3E 2D 1B 1B 1E 1A 1A 2D 1B 3A 2A 2B 2C Related form: add adicin (more commonly suma) algoritmo aproximado calculadora denominador comn Example: greatest common factor factor comn comparar compatible decimal denominador densidad

41
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
digit dividend division divisor equivalent exponent fraction generate hundredths identify improper fraction integer
3B 3C 3C 3C 2A 1 1D 2A 2B 2D 13A 3D 2B 1C 16B
(Underlying processes and mathematical tools)
dgito Subject-specific meaning dividendo Related form: divide divisin divisor 1 2E 1B 4A 1B

(Patterns, relationships, and algebraic thinking)
2C
2A
equivalente exponente Related form: fractional fraccin generar
1B
1E
identificar fraccin impropia
1A 2
Example: positive integer justificar
justify
Comprehensive Math (cont.)
42
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
mixed number
2B 2D 2A 1C
nmero mixto Parts of speech in examples: noun (models) and verb (to model) modelos (noun)/modelar (verb) Example: least common multiple mltiplo Related form: multiply multiplicacin Example: rational non-negative number negative: negativo nmero 2E 2A 1 1A 2E 1B numrico Example: real objects objeto operacin orden el orden de las operaciones por ciento
models/model
multiple multiplication non-negative number number numerical object operation order order of operations percent 3E 1 1A 3E 3B
1F 2C 1A 2A 12A
2B
2A 1 1A 2E 3B
43
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
place value price prime factor problem quantitative reasoning quantity rate ratio rational number reasonableness/ reasonable remainder represent
1B 2D 1D 3 1 2C 2C 2C 1A 4 3C 1 1 1 2D 2D 2D 1A 2G Example: equivalent ratio Example: positive rational number nmero racional razonabilidad/razonable Subject-specific meaning Related form: representation representar 2 1 2 1 precio Related form: prime factorization factor primo Subject-specific meaning problema razonamiento cuantitativo cantidad
44
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Subject-specific meaning round 4 2D Part of speech in example: verb Related form: rounding redondo Subject-specific meaning simplificar Example: real-life situation situacin Example: solve problems
simplify situation solve speed square square number square root subtraction tenths thousandths whole number 3A 2D 1B 1A 2C 3
2E 1C 2
2E
5B
2 2D 1C 1C 1C
2A
2B
sustraccin (more commonly resta)
1B
1B
45
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
write
1A
1D
Patterns, relationships, and algebraic thinking

Related form: algebraic algebra 5 3 3 Example: algebraic model lgebra, algebraico Subject-specific meaning rea Example: arithmetic sequence aritmtica
area arithmetic charts composite number
10B (Measurement)
4A 4A
4A 4C
5A 5B 3E nmero compuesto Subject-specific meaning 3B 5A Examples: concrete models, concrete objects concreto Example: constant rate of change constante Related form: convert conversin describir ecuacin
Comprehensive Math (cont.) 46
concrete
(Number, operation, and quantitative reasoning)
constant conversion describe equation 10A (Measurement) 5A 6
4A 4A 3A 5 4A 4C 5
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
factor pairs formula formulate graphic organizers linear lists prime number proportional rate of change rectangular prism relate/related relationship scaling sequence
5B 10B (Measurement) 4B 5 5A 5 5A 5B 3A 3B 4C 4B
pares factores 4A 5B frmula formular organizadores grficos linear listas nmero primo proporcional
(Probability and statistics)
9A
9B (Measurement) 3B 3 3B
prisma rectangular relacionar/relacionado relacin Possible false cognate: escalar (to climb) secuencia
2D
4 3
4A
4C
47
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
15B symbol
4A
4C 13C
smbolo Subject-specific meaning tabla
table
5A
4A
Geometry and spatial reasoning

angle attribute axis circle circumference classify complementary/ supplementary cone congruent 7 6C 6C 6A 7 6A 6A 6D 7B 11A 4B Subject-specific meaning ngulo atributo Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: axis (neck vertebra) Example: circle graph crculo circumferencia clasificar Subject-specific meaning 6A Example: complementary angle complementario/suplementario 6C cono congruente
(Probability and statistics) (Patterns, relationships, and algebraic thinking)
6B
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Part of speech in example: noun coordinate 8A 7 7 Subject-specific meaning coordenada coordinate grid coordinate plane cylinder diameter essential figure 7 7 6C 6C 9 7 7A 6C plano de coordenadas cilindro See also: radius dimetro esencial Example: 3-dimensional figure figura Examples: geometric model, geometric concepts geomtrico geometry 7 13C 6 10A 6 geometra Part of speech in examples: verb (to graph) graph
geometric
7B
Related form: graphical grfica
grid horizontal
8A 7B horizontal
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
locate net ordered pair pair parallel perpendicular
9 8B 9 9 7 7 7 7 7A 7A
localizar Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: neto par ordenado par paralelo perpendicular Subject-specific meaning
points
7A 9A (Measurement) 6C 6C
Part of speech in example: noun puntos
polygon prism pyramid quadrant quadrilateral radius reflection 8A 8A
polgono prisma pirmide cuadrante
6B 6C
6B
cuadriltero radio
7B
reflexin
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
result rotation side similarity sketch spatial reasoning surface area three-dimensional transformation translation
8A 8A 8A 6D 8A 7 8B 7 8B 8A 7B 6C 10C
resultado rotacin
similitud
8A razonamiento espacial rea de la superficie tridimensional Subject-specific meaning transformacin Possible false cognate: traslacin (moving) Related form: triangle
triangular
6A
6B
Example: triangular prism triangular
two-dimensional vertical
8B 7B vertical
51
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Measurement
application capacity circumference Celsius connect elapsed time 11 10B 11A 4 Related form: estimation 8A 9A estimar Possible false cognate: estimado Fahrenheit 8B 8C 8 9A 12
8 10 8A
9A
aplicacin capacidad
9A
circunferencia Celsius
9B
conectar
estimate
Fahrenheit length measure measurement metric perform
11 10C 10C 10 10A 10A
Examples: measurement systems (metric and customary), measurement units mtrico
52
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
perimeter shape system of measurement temperature time
10
8B
9A 9A 4A
permetro
10A 11A 11 10C 10 10
8D 8B 8B
temperatura
2D unit volume weight 8B 8 8
Examples: unit rates, unit costs, unit conversions unidad volumen
9B
Probability and statistics

bar graph collect 10A 10D 11A grfica de barras coleccionar Subject-specific meaning complement composite experiments 9B Part of speech in example: noun complemento 10 experimentos compuestos
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
construct data diagram display experiment/ experimental graphs 13 5A

9A 10 9A 10C 9
10A 11 11A 11A 10
construir Example: data sets datos Examples: tree diagram, Venn diagram diagrama
13 12A
experimento/experimental Part of speech in examples: noun
13B
10A
11A
Related form: graphical grficas Example: independent events independiente Related form: interpretation interpretando grfica de lnea
independent interpreting line graph line plot mean median 13B 13 13A 10D 10A 10A 10B 10B
10B 11 11A 11A 12A 12A
Subject-specific meaning See also: median, mode media
54
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
mode number pair organize
13B 13A 13
10B
12B
modo nmero par
10D
organizar Related form: predict
prediction
12B
Example: make predictions prediccin Part of speech in example: verb presentar probabilidad Subject-specific meaning
present probability range sample space statistics stem and leaf plot tree diagram Venn diagram 12 12C 13B
10A 9B 10B 9A 9 10A 9A
11A 10B 12A 10A 10 11A
Related form: statistical estadstica
11A
Diagrama de Venn
55
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Underlying processes and mathematical tools

answer apply checking communicate conclusion conjecture develop evaluate example/ nonexample explain generalization incorporate logical reasoning manipulative 14C 14B 16A 15A 16A 14B 16 14D 11B 13 11D 13B 15 13D 14C 15 16B 11A 11C 12 13 13A 11C 12B 13A 13A 13C 14 15 15A 13C 13B 15A evaluar ejemplo explicar generalizacin incorporar razonamiento lgico Possible false cognate: manipulador aplicar chequear (more commonly revisar) comunicar conclusin conjetura
56
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
mathematical number sense observation pattern problem-solving process properties select solution strategy technology tool validate verify
14
11 11D
13 13D
Example: mathematical model matemtico Possible false cognate: sentido nmero observacin
15A 14C 14C 14 11C 11C 11 13B 14C 14B 14C 14D 14 11C 11B 11C 11D 11 13B 13 13C 13C 13 15B 13C 13B 13C 13D 13 15B 15
patrn Examples: problem-solving model; problemsolving strategy Example: underlying process proceso Subject-specific meaning propiedades seleccionar solucin estrategia tecnologa
validar verificar
57
58
Grade-Level Word Lists

Grade 5 English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR)
Word or Phrase Sample Grade 5 TEKS Standard Word Notes Word or Phrase Sample Grade 5 TEKS Standard Word Notes
Reading/Fluency expression fluency read text 1 1 1 1 Subject-specific meaning expresin fluidez Related form: reading texto
derived determine dictionary glossary Greek affix Greek root idiom Latin affix Latin root analoga antnimo/sinnimo clarificar linguistic root multiple meaning words pronunciation
2A 2B 2E 2E 2A 2A 2D 2A 2A 2A 2B 2E
derivado determinar diccionario glosario
Reading/Vocabulary Development adage affix analogy antonym/ synonym clarify 2D 2A 2C 2C 2B adagio (more commonly proverbio)
Possible false cognate: idioma
lingstica
pronunciacin

59
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
root saying syllable thesaurus
2A 2D 2E 2E
inference/ infer literature
3 3B 3A 3C 3B 3B 3A
inferencia/inferir literatura Example: moral lessons moral movimiento mito fenmeno tema
slaba tesauro Related form: understanding (as in to demonstrate understanding) poco familiar (more commonly desconocido) vocabulario
moral movement myth phenomena theme
understand
unfamiliar vocabulary word choice
2B 2 2E
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Poetry alliteration analyze internal rhyme onomatopoeia poet poetry rhyme scheme sound effect 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 aliteracin analizar ritmo interno onomatopeya poeta poesa esquema de rimas efecto de sonido
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Theme and Genre comprehension culture describe fiction genre historical 3 3A 3B 3A 3 3C comprensin Related form: cultural cultura describir ficcin gnero Examples: historical event, movement, setting histrico
Grade 5 ELAR (cont.)
60
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Drama drama 5 Related form: dramatic adaptation drama Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Fiction Subject-specific meaning character 6B Possible false cognate: carcter Example: internal and external conflicts of a character conflicto explain foreshadow 6B 6A Examples: forms of words or media; form an overview formas novel plot relationship role 6A 6B 6B 6A novela Subject-specific meaning relacin rol (more commonly papel) explicar
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Literary Nonfiction Example: authors tools (e.g., sensory language) author 7 autor autobiography biography literary device literary language nonfiction structural pattern 7 7 7 7 7 7 lenguaje literario no ficcin patrn estructural autobiografa biografa
conflict
6B
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Sensory Language evaluate imagery literary sensory language 8 8 8A 8 evaluar imaginera literario lenguaje sensorial
forms
6C
Reading/Comprehension of Text/Independent Reading journal 9
61
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
logical order paraphrase reading log
9 9 9
See also: sequence of events orden lgico parfrasis overview sequential order similarities summarize supporting detail synthesize text feature verify 11D 11C 11E 11A 11A 11E 11D 11B organizational 11C
Examples: organizational patterns, structures, strategy (in writing) organizativo
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Culture and History authors 10 propsito del autor purpose contemporary 10 contemporneo
orden secuencial Related form: similar similitudes
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Expository Text classification esquema de 11C scheme clasificacin compare and 11C comparar y contrastar contrast different draw conclusions logical connection main idea meaning method 11E 11 11E 11A 11A 11B Example: maintain meaning mtodo conexin lgica diferente
sintetizar
verificar
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Persuasive Text Possible false cognate: argument 12A argumento authors 12A viewpoint exaggerated identify parallelism 12B 12A 12A exagerado identificar paralelismo
62
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
recognize viewpoint
12B 12A
reconocer
timeline
13B
Reading/Media Literacy commercial digital documentary formality/ informality image influence media news problema Example: procedural text procedimiento (informacin) cuantitativa resolver (more commonly solucionar) tabla technique venue 14A 14B presentation 14B 14D 14A 14D 14 14C 14B 14B 14C comercial digital documentario formalidad/informalidad imgen influenciar medios de comunicacin Example: televised news presentacin Example: poetic techniques such as alliteration tcnica
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Procedural Texts diagram factual illustration interpret map perform problem procedural procedure quantitative (information) solve table task 13B 13B 13B 13A 13B 13A 13A 13A 13A 13B 13A 13B 13A diagrama factual (more commonly basado en los hechos) ilustracin interpretar mapa
Writing/Writing Process background reading cause and effect 15A 15B causa y efecto
63
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
coherent controlling idea develop discussion draft edit enhance feedback genre grammar interview personal interests process publish purpose revise
15B 15A 15B 15A 15B 15D 15C 15E 15A 15D 15A 15A 15 15E 15C 15C
Examples: internal/ external coherence coherente idea de control
sequence of events simple sentence spelling strategy
15B 15C 15D 15A 15C 15A
See also: logical order secuencia de eventos
estrategia estilo tesis
discusin
style thesis
editar
Writing/Literary Texts dialogue 16Aiii dilogo Examples: stylistic elements, graphical elements elemento figurative language focus graphic imaginative story metaphor poem 16Bii 16Ai 16Bii 16A 16Bii 16B metfora poema lenguaje figurado foco Related form: graphical grfica
gnero gramtica entrevista intereses personales Example: writing process proceso publicar propsito revisar
element
16Biii
64
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
point of view sensory details setting similes story write Writing (Personal) personal narrative
16Ai 16Aii 16Aii 16Bii 16A 16A
Examples: first person, third person, omniscient punto de vista detalles sensoriales Subject-specific meaning smiles
essay expository fact formal guide inform
18A 18C 18Aiii 18B 18Aii 18Aii 18A 18Ai 18Aii Subject-specific meaning Example: writing a letter Example: formal letters formal Part of speech in example: verb gua informar informacin Subject-specific meaning introduccin expositivo
17
See also: memoir narrativas personales
information introduction key idea
Writing/Expository and Procedural Texts Subject-specific meaning closing/closure concluding paragraph conventions convey demonstrate understanding details 18B 18Ai 18B 18A Example: the closing of a letter prrafo conclusivo Subject-specific meaning convenciones
letter
18B
Possible false cognate for this usage: letra (refers to alphabetical letters) prrafo Part of speech in example: verb presente respuesta
paragraph present
18A 18Ai 18C
18C 18Aiii
Related form: demonstrate detalles response
65
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
salutation sentence structure structure topic
18B 18Aiv 18Aiii 18A
salutacin (more commonly saludo) Examples: simple, compound, complex estructura tpico (more commonly tema) Subject-specific meaning Part of speech in example: noun transicin
Subject-specific meaning position 19 Examples: authors position, establish a position posicin Oral and Written Conventions/Conventions active voice 20Ai voz activa Related form: adjectival adjective 20Aiii Examples: descriptive, predicate, superlative adjetivo Related form: adverbial adverbio
transition
18Aiv
Writing/Persuasive Texts alternative/ alternate audience consider 19 19 19 Part of speech in example: adjective alternativa/alternar audiencia Related form: consideration considerar Example: establish a position establecer persuasive 19 persuasivo adverb collective nouns comparative adjective compound sentence context function indefinite pronoun irregular verb parts of speech 20Aiv 20Aii 20Aiii 20C 20A 20A 20Avi 20Ai 20A
adjetivo comparativo
contexto funcin pronombre indefinido verbo irregular
establish
19
66
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
phrase
20Av
Example: prepositional or appositive phrase frase Example: predicate adjective predicado preposicin frase preposicional sujeto
emphasis initials italics legible mechanics organization punctuation
21C 21Aii 21C 21 21C 21Aiii 21Bii 21B 21Bii 21C
nfasis iniciales itlicas legible Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: mecnica organizacin puntuacin
predicate preposition prepositional phrase subject subject-verb agreement subordinating conjunction superlative adjective verb
20B 20Av 20Av 20B 20C 20Avii 20Aiii 20Ai
conjuncin subordinada adjetivo superlativo verbo
punctuation mark quotation title
Oral and Written Conventions/Handwriting, Capitalization, and Punctuation abbreviation acronym capitalization comma composition 21i 21Aii 21A 21Bi 21 abreviacin acrnimo Possible false cognate: capitalizacin coma Subject-specific meaning composicin
Oral and Written Conventions/Spelling consonant Greek suffix Latin suffix spelling pattern suffix 22Aiii 22Biii 22Biv 22A 22Biii consonante sufijo griego sufijo latino Related form: orthographic pattern sufijo
67
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
vowel word processing
22Aii 22E
differentiate electronic online periodical Part of speech in example: verb consultar decidir record plagiarism primary source
24B 24A 24A 24A 24E 24B
diferenciar electrnico en lnea peridica plagio
Research/Research Plan brainstorm consult decide open-ended question research research question 23A 23A 23A 23A 23A 23B
24C
Part of speech in example: verb Possible false cognate: recordar referencia
reference research plan resource bibliografa secondary source technology Part of speech in example: verb visual
24A 24A 24A 24B 24C 24C
Research/Gathering Sources bibliography chart 24D 24C
recurso
tecnologa visual
cite/citation
24E
citar Possible false cognate: citacin
Research/Synthesizing Information relevant/ irrelevant reliable/ reliability 25B 25B

Grade 5 ELAR (cont.) 68
Related form: relevance relevante/irrelevante
data
24C
datos
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
source valid/validity
25B 25B
Subject-specific meaning vlido/validez
perspective
27A
perspectiva
Listening and Speaking/Speaking enunciation eye contact gesture 28 28 28 gesto enunciacin
Research/Organizing and Presenting Ideas compile conclusion documentation evidence findings format topic sentence 26A 26B 26D 26B 26B 26C 26B formato compilar Example: support conclusions in research conclusin documentacin evidencia
Listening and Speaking/Listening instructions message nonverbal/ verbal 27B 27A instrucciones mensaje Example: nonverbal cues such as gesture, posture, facial expression verbal no verbal
27A
69
Grade 5 Mathematics
Number, operation, and quantitative reasoning Related form: add addition common denominator common factor compare compatible 3A 2C 3D 1A 4 adicin (more commonly suma) denominador comn Example: greatest common factor factor comn comparar compatible Subject-specific meaning concrete 3E Examples: concrete models, concrete objects concreto decimal denominator digit 1B 3E 3B decimal denominador dgito
dividend division divisor equivalent
3C 3C 3C 2A
Subject-specific meaning dividendo Related form: divide divisin divisor equivalente Related form: estimation
estimate
estimar Possible false cognate: estimado Related form: fractional fraccin generar
fraction generate hundredths identify improper fraction mixed number
2A 2B 2D 3D 2B 2B
identificar fraccin impropia nmero mixto

70
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
models/ model
2D
Part of speech in example: noun modelos (noun)/modelar (verb) Related form: multiply multiplicacin nmero Example: real objects objeto operacin
represent
Related form: representation representar Subject-specific meaning
multiplication number object operation order place value problem quantitative reasoning quantity reasonableness/ reasonable relate/related remainder
3B 3E 3E 1 1A 1B 3 1 2C 4 2D 3C
round
Part of speech in example: verb Related form: rounding redondo Example: real-life situation situacin Example: solve problems sustraccin (more commonly resta)
situation solve
2C 3 3A 2D 1B 1A 1A
orden subtraction Subject-specific meaning problema razonamiento cuantitativo cantidad razonabilidad/razonable relacionar/relacionado Subject-specific meaning algebra 5 tenths thousandths whole number write
Patterns, relationships, and algebraic thinking Related form: algebraic Example: algebraic model lgebra, algebraico
Grade 5 Math (cont.)
71
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
charts composite number describe
5A 5B 5A 5A 6 5B 5A 5A 5B 5 5A nmero compuesto describir Examples: tree diagram, Venn diagram diagrama coordinate grid essential figure 9 7 7 coordinate 8A
Part of speech in example: noun Subject-specific meaning coordenada
diagram equation factor pairs graphic organizers lists prime number relationship table
esencial Example: 3-dimensional figure figura Examples: geometric model, geometric concepts geomtrico
ecuacin pares factores organizadores grficos listas nmero primo relacin Subject-specific meaning tabla
geometric geometry grid locate ordered pair pair
7 7 8A 9 9 9 7 7
geometra
localizar par ordenado par paralelo perpendicular
Geometry and spatial reasoning attribute congruent 7 7 atributo congruente
parallel perpendicular
72
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Subject-specific meaning points 9 Part of speech in example: noun puntos quadrant reflection result rotation sketch spatial reasoning threedimensional transformation translation twodimensional Measurement area 10B Subject-specific meaning rea 8A 8A 8A 8A 8A 7 7 8B 8A 7 razonamiento espacial tridimensional Subject-specific meaning transformacin Possible false cognate: traslacin (moving) cuadrante reflexin resultado rotacin
capacity Celsius connect conversion elapsed time Fahrenheit formula length measure
10 11 10B 10A 11A 11 10B 10C 10C
capacidad Celsius conectar Related form: convert conversin
Fahrenheit frmula
measurement
10
Examples: measurement systems (metric and customary), measurement units mtrico
metric perform perimeter system of measurement
10A 10A 10 10A
permetro
73
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
temperature time
11A 11 10C 10 10
temperatura
interpreting line graph median mode number pair organize
13 13A 13B 13B 13A 13
Related form: interpretation interpretando
unit volume weight
grfica de lnea media modo nmero par organizar Related form: predict
Probability and statistics data display experiment/ experimental 13 13 12A experimento/experimental Part of speech in example: verb Related form: graphical grfica Part of speech in example: noun graphs 13B Related form: graphical grficas Example: data sets datos
prediction
12B
Example: make predictions prediccin
probability range statistics
12C 13B 12
probabilidad Subject-specific meaning Related form: statistical estadstica
graph
13C
Underlying processes and mathematical tools answer checking 16B 14C chequear (more commonly revisar)
Grade 5 Math (cont.) 74
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
communicate develop evaluate example/ nonexample explain generalization incorporate justify logical reasoning manipulative
15 14C 14B 16A 15A 16A 14B 16B 16 14D 14 15A 14C 14C
comunicar
process select solution strategy symbol technology tool
14 14C 14B 14C 15B 14D 14
Example: underlying process proceso
evaluar ejemplo explicar generalizacin incorporar justificar razonamiento lgico Possible false cognate: manipulador Example: mathematical model matemtico
seleccionar solucin estrategia smbolo tecnologa
mathematical observation pattern problemsolving
observacin patrn Examples: problem-solving model; problem-solving strategy


Reading/Fluency fluency read text 1 1 1 fluidez Related form: reading texto
Latin affix Latin root linguistic root multiple meaning words pronunciation root analoga clarificar derivado determinar diccionario Example: foreign words common in English (e.g., bona fide) glosario unfamiliar vocabulary whole word choice understand syllable thesaurus
2A 2A 2A 2B 2E 2A 2E 2E pronunciacin Subject-specific meaning slaba tesauro Related form: understanding (as in to demonstrate understanding) poco familiar (more commonly desconocido) vocabulario Subject-specific meaning 2C 2E Example: part-to-whole analogies lingstica
Reading/Vocabulary Development affix analogy clarify derived determine dictionary foreign glossary Greek affix Greek root 2A 2C 2B 2A 2B 2E 2D 2E 2A 2A
2B 2

76
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Theme and Genre analyze classical comprehension culture distinguish fiction genre historical inference/ infer literary literature myth theme 3B 3B 3 3C 3A 3A 3 3C 3A 3C 3B 3B 3A analizar clsico comprensin Related form: cultural cultura Related form: distinguishing distinguir ficcin gnero Examples: historical event, movement, setting histrico inferencia/inferir literario literatura mito tema
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Poetry hyperbole personification poetry 4 4 4 hiprbola personificacin poesa
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Drama drama film play story line 5 5 5 5 Related form: dramatic adaptation drama filme/filmar (verb) Subject-specific meaning
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Fiction Subject-specific meaning character climax denouement describe dialect 6B 6A 6A 6C 6B describir dialecto Possible false cognate: carcter Subject-specific meaning clmax
77
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
explain falling action
6B 6A
explicar Subject-specific meaning Examples: forms of words or media; form an overview formas Subject-specific meaning
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Sensory Language Example: authors tools (e.g., sensory language) author 8 autor imagery refrain 8 8 imaginera Possible false cognate: refrn
forms
6C
plot plot development rising action turning point
6A 6A 6A 6A
sensory 8 lenguaje sensorial language Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Culture and History contemporary 9 contemporneo
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Literary Nonfiction autobiography characteristic literary device literary language memoir nonfiction structural pattern 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 lenguaje literario memoria no ficcin patrn estructural autobiografa caracterstica
implicit/ 9A implcito implied Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Expository Text Possible false cognate: argument 10B argumento different draw conclusions logical connection main idea opinion 10D 10 10D 10A 10A opinin conexin lgica diferente
78
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
organizational problem-andsolution propositionand-support similarities summarize summary supporting detail synthesize
10C
Examples: organizational patterns, structures, strategy (in writing) organizativo
viewpoint
11A
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Procedural Texts diagram factual illustration interpret map perform problem 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12A 12A 12A 12B 12A 12B 12A 12B problema procedimiento (informacin) cuantitativa resolver (more commonly solucionar) tabla diagrama factual (more commonly basado en los hechos) ilustracin interpretar mapa
10C 10C
problema-y-solucin proposicin-y-soporte Possible false cognate: soportar Related form: similar similitudes
10D 10A 10A 10A 10D
sintetizar
procedure quantitative (information) solve table task timeline
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Persuasive Text authors 11A propsito del autor purpose authors 11A viewpoint identify structure 11B 11A identificar estructura
79
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Reading/Media Literacy Part of speech in example: noun Related form: criticism crtica digital formality/ informality image influence media recognize 13D 13D 13 13B 13A 13B digital formalidad/ informalidad imgen influenciar medios de comunicacin reconocer Example: poetic techniques such as alliteration tcnica venue 13D
compare and contrast controlling idea develop discussion draft edit feedback genre grammar interview personal interests process publish purpose
14B 14A 14B 14A 14B 14D 14E 14A 14D 14A 14A 14 14E 14C 14C 14B 14C
comparar y contrastar idea de control
critique
13C
discusin
editar
gnero gramtica entrevista intereses personales Example: writing process proceso publicar propsito revisar See also: logical order secuencia de eventos
technique
13B
Writing/Writing Process cause and effect coherent 14B 14B causa y efecto Examples: internal/ external coherence coherente
revise sequence of events simple sentence
80
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
spelling strategy style thesis
14D 14A 14C 14A estrategia estilo tesis
point of view sensory details setting similes aliteracin dilogo Examples: stylistic elements, graphical elements elemento story write Writing (Personal) action communicate consequence personal narrative
15Ai 15Aii 15Aii 15Bii 15Aiii 15A
Examples: first person, third person, omniscient punto de vista detalles sensoriales Subject-specific meaning smiles
Writing/Literary Texts alliteration dialogue 15Bi 15Aiii
element figurative language focus graphic imaginative story metaphor onomatopoeia poem
15Biii
16 16 16 16
accin comunicar consecuencia See also: memoir narrativas personales
15Bii 15Ai 15Biii 15A 15Bii 15Bi 15B
lenguaje figurado foco Related form: graphical grfica
Writing/Expository and Procedural Texts Subject-specific meaning closing/closure concluding paragraph conventions 17B 17Ai 17B Example: the closing of a letter prrafo conclusivo Subject-specific meaning convenciones
metfora onomatopeya poema
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
convey demonstrate understanding details essay expository fact formal guide inform information introduction key idea
17A 17C 17Aiii 17A 17C 17Aiii 17B 17Aii 17Aii 17A 17Ai 17Aii Subject-specific meaning Example: writing a letter Example: formal letters formal Part of speech in example: verb gua informar informacin Subject-specific meaning introduccin expositivo Related form: demonstrate detalles
paragraph present presentation response sentence structure topic
17A 17Ai 17D 17C 17Aiv 17A
prrafo Part of speech in example: verb presente presentacin respuesta Examples: simple, compound, complex tpico (more commonly tema) Subject-specific meaning Part of speech in example: noun transicin
transition
17Aiv
Writing/Persuasive Texts alternative/ alternate audience consider 18 18 18 Part of speech in example: adjective alternativa/alternar audiencia Related form: consideration considerar Example: establish a position establecer
letter
17B
Possible false cognate for this usage: letra (refers to alphabetical letters) multimedia
establish
18
multimedia
17D
82
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
persuasive
18
persuasivo Subject-specific meaning Examples: authors position, establish a position posicin
parts of speech passive voice phrase
19A 19B 19Av voz pasiva Example: prepositional or appositive phrase frase Example: predicate adjective predicado preposicin frase preposicional
position
18
Oral and Written Conventions/Conventions active voice 19B voz activa Related form: adjectival adjective 19Aiii Examples: descriptive, predicate, superlative adjetivo Related form: adverbial adverbio adjetivo comparativo
predicate preposition prepositional phrase subject-verb agreement subordinating conjunction superlative adjective time
19Aiii 19Av 19Av 19C 19Avii 19Aiii 19Av 19Ai
adverb comparative adjective compound sentence conjunctive adverb context function indefinite pronoun irregular verb
19Aiv 19Aiii 19C 19Aiv 19A 19A 19Avi 19Ai
conjuncin subordinada adjetivo superlativo Subject-specific meaning verbo
adverbio conjuntivo contexto funcin pronombre indefinido verbo irregular
verb
Oral and Written Conventions/Handwriting, Capitalization, and Punctuation abbreviation acronym brackets 20Ai 20Aii 20Biii
abreviacin acrnimo
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
capitalization comma composition ellipses initials italics legible mechanics organization parentheses punctuation punctuation mark quotation title
20A 20Bi 20 20Biii 20Aii 20C 20 20C 20Aiii 20Biii 20Bii 20B 20Bii 20C
Possible false cognate: capitalizacin coma Subject-specific meaning composicin elipse iniciales itlicas legible Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: mecnica organizacin parntesis puntuacin
word processing
21C
Research/Research Plan brainstorm consult decide open-ended question research research question 22A 22A 22A 22A 22A 22B Part of speech in example: verb consultar decidir
Research/Gathering Sources bibliography chart 23D 23C Part of speech in example: verb cite/citation 23E citar Possible false cognate: citacin data differentiate 23C 23B datos diferenciar bibliografa
Oral and Written Conventions/Spelling spelling pattern 21B Related form: orthographic pattern
84
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
electronic online paraphrase periodical plagiarism primary source
23A 23A 23E 23A 23E 23B
electrnico en lnea parfrasis peridica plagio
Research/Synthesizing Information evaluate relevant/ irrelevant reliable/ reliability source 24B 24B 24B 24B Subject-specific meaning evaluar Related form: relevance relevante/irrelevante
record
23C
Part of speech in example: verb Possible false cognate: recordar referencia relacin
Research/Organizing and Presenting Ideas compile conclusion documentation evidence 25A 25B 25D 25B 25B 25C 25B formato compilar Example: support conclusions in research conclusin documentacin evidencia
reference relationship research plan resource secondary source technology valid/validity visual
23A 23C 23A 23A 23B 23C 23E 23C
recurso
findings format
tecnologa vlido/validez visual
topic sentence
Listening and Speaking/Listening instructions message 26B 26A instrucciones mensaje
85
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
nonverbal/ verbal perspective
26A
Example: nonverbal cues such as gesture, posture, facial expression verbal no verbal perspectiva
26A
Listening and Speaking/Speaking enunciation eye contact gesture 27 27 27 gesto enunciacin
86
Grade 6 Mathematics
Number, operation, and quantitative reasoning Related form: add addition approximate common factor compare decimal division equivalent exponent fraction generate 2A 2D 1E 1A 1B 2C 1 1D 1B 1B adicin (more commonly suma) aproximado Example: greatest common factor factor comn comparar decimal Related form: divide divisin equivalente exponente Related form: fractional fraccin generar
identify integer justify models/ model
1E 1C 2 2A
identificar Example: positive integer justificar Part of speech in example: verb modelar (verb) Example: least common multiple mltiplo Related form: multiply multiplicacin Example: rational nonnegative number negative: negativo
multiple
1F
multiplication non-negative number number object operation
2C
1A 2A 2A 1
nmero Example: real objects objeto operacin

87
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
order order of operations prime factor
1A 2E
orden el orden de las operaciones Related form: prime factorization factor primo Subject-specific meaning problema razonamiento cuantitativo
simplify situation solve subtraction whole number write
2E 1C 2 2A 1B 1D
Subject-specific meaning simplificar Example: real-life situation situacin Example: solve problems sustraccin (more commonly resta)
1D
problem quantitative reasoning rate ratio rational number reasonableness/ reasonable represent
2 1 2C
Patterns, relationships, and algebraic thinking 2C 1A 2D 1 Example: equivalent ratio Example: positive rational number nmero racional razonabilidad/razonable Related form: representation representar Subject-specific meaning round 2D Part of speech in example: verb Related form: rounding redondo
Related form: algebraic algebra 3 Example: algebraic model lgebra, algebraico Subject-specific meaning rea Example: arithmetic sequence aritmtica Subject-specific meaning concrete 3B Examples: concrete models, concrete objects concreto
area
4A
arithmetic
4A
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
constant
4A
Example: constant rate of change constante Related form: convert conversin describir ecuacin frmula formular linear
table
4A
Subject-specific meaning tabla
Geometry and spatial reasoning angle circle circumference classify 6A 6C 6C 6A Subject-specific meaning ngulo Example: circle graph crculo circumferencia clasificar Part of speech in example: noun coordinate 7 Subject-specific meaning coordenada
conversion describe equation formula formulate linear percent proportional rectangular prism relate/related relationship sequence symbol
4A 3A 5 4B 5 5 3B 3A 4B 4 3 4A 4A
por ciento proporcional prisma rectangular diameter relacionar/relacionado relacin secuencia smbolo geometric geometry ordered pair 6 6 7 6C coordinate plane 7
plano de coordenadas See also: radius dimetro Examples: geometric model, geometric concepts geomtrico geometra par ordenado
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
pair
par Subject-specific meaning
measure
8C Examples: measurement systems (metric and customary), measurement units permetro
points
measurement
perimeter system of measurement temperature time
8B 8D 8B 8B 8B 8 8
polygon quadrilateral radius
6 6B 6C
polgono cuadriltero radio Related form: triangle
temperatura
triangular
6A
Example: triangular prism triangular
unit volume
Measurement application circumference 8 8A aplicacin circunferencia Related form: estimation estimate 8A estimar Possible false cognate: estimado length 8B
weight
Probability and statistics bar graph collect 10A 10D grfica de barras coleccionar
90
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Subject-specific meaning complement 9B Part of speech in example: noun complemento construct data 9A 10 construir Example: data sets datos Examples: tree diagram, Venn diagram diagrama display experiment/ experimental 10C 9 experimento/experimental Part of speech in example: verb Related form: graphical grfica Part of speech in example: noun graphs 10A Related form: graphical grfica Related form: interpretation interpretando
line graph line plot lists mean median mode organize
10A 10A 9A 10B 10B 10B 10D
grfica de lnea
listas Subject-specific meaning See also: median, mode media modo organizar Related form: predict
diagram
9A
prediction
Example: make predictions prediccin Part of speech in example: verb presentar
graph
10A
present
10A 9B 10B 9A 10C
probability range sample space sketch
probabilidad Subject-specific meaning
interpreting
10D
91
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
statistics stem and leaf plot tree diagram
9 10A
Related form: statistical estadstica mathematical number sense 11 11D 12A 11C 11C
Example: mathematical model matemtico Possible false cognate: sentido nmero numrico patrn Examples: problem-solving model; problem-solving strategy Example: underlying process proceso Subject-specific meaning propiedades seleccionar solucin estrategia tecnologa
9A numerical
Underlying processes and mathematical tools pattern apply checking communicate conclusion conjecture develop evaluate example/ nonexample incorporate logical reasoning manipulative 11A 11C 12 13 13A 11C 12B 13A 11B 13 11D evaluar ejemplo incorporar razonamiento lgico Possible false cognate: manipulador aplicar chequear (more commonly revisar) comunicar conclusin conjetura properties select solution strategy technology tool validate 13B 11C 11B 11C 11D 11 13B validar
problemsolving process
11
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
verify
13
verificar
93

Reading/Fluency fluency read text 1 1 1 fluidez Related form: reading texto
glossary Greek affix Greek root Latin affix Latin root linguistic root Part of speech in example: adjective alternativa/alternar 2B 2C 2B 2A 2B 2E 2D ambiguo analoga clarificar derivado determinar diccionario Example: foreign words common in English (e.g., bona fide) unfamiliar vocabulary understand pronunciation root syllable thesaurus
2E 2A 2A 2A 2A 2A 2E 2A 2E 2E
glosario
Reading/Vocabulary Development affix alternative/ alternate ambiguous analogy clarify derived determine dictionary foreign 2A 2E
lingstica pronunciacin Subject-specific meaning slaba tesauro Related form: understanding (as in to demonstrate understanding) poco familiar (more commonly desconocido) vocabulario
2B 2

94
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Subject-specific meaning whole word choice 2C 2E Example: part-to-whole analogies
time
3C
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Poetry analyze poetry 4 4 analizar poesa
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Theme and Genre comprehension describe epic tale fiction genre historical inference/ infer literary myth place similes theme 3 3A 3B 3A 3 3 3 3C 3B 3C 3B 3A ficcin gnero Examples: historical event, movement, setting histrico inferencia/inferir comprensin describir
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Drama dialogue drama playwright stage direction 5 5 5 5 dilogo Related form: dramatic adaptation drama
Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Fiction Subject-specific meaning character 6B Possible false cognate: carcter Example: internal and external conflicts of a character conflicto explain 6A explicar
literario mito Subject-specific meaning Example: place and time smiles tema conflict 6B
95
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
forms
6C
Examples: forms of words or media; form an overview formas motivacin Subject-specific meaning
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Culture and History authors 9 propsito del autor purpose contemporary 9 contemporneo
motivation plot
6B 6A
plot 6B development Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Literary Nonfiction autobiography diary nonfiction 7 7 7 autobiografa diario no ficcin
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Expository Text Example: categorical claims 10B claims different distinguish draw conclusions factual logical connection main idea meaning opinion organizational 10D 10B 10 10B 10D 10A 10A 10B Example: maintain meaning opinin Examples: organizational patterns, structures, strategy (in writing) organizativo factual (more commonly basado en los hechos) conexin lgica diferente Related form: distinguishing distinguir
structural 7 patrn estructural pattern Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Sensory Language Example: authors tools (e.g., sensory language) author 8 autor imagery mood sensory language 8 8 8 imaginera Subject-specific meaning lenguaje sensorial
10C
96
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
overview similarities summary supporting detail synthesize
10C 10D 10A 10A 10D sintetizar Related form: similar similitudes
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Procedural Texts perform problem procedure solve task 12A 12A 12A 12A 12A problema procedimiento resolver (more commonly solucionar)
Reading/Comprehension of Informational Text/Persuasive Text ad hominem argument exaggerated identify policy rhetorical fallacy stereotype/ stereotyping structure 11B 11A 11B 11B 11A Possible false cognate: argumento exagerado identificar Example: policy speech pliza Examples: ad hominem, exaggeration, stereotyping, categorical claims falacia retrica 11B 11A estereotipo/estereotipar estructura
Reading/Media Literacy digital evaluate explicit formality/ informality image implicit/implied influence inform interpret 13D 13C 13A 13D 13 13A 13B 13C 13A digital evaluar explcito formalidad/ informalidad imgen implcito influenciar informar interpretar
11B
97
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
media
13C
technique
13B
medios de comunicacin Example: poetic techniques such as alliteration tcnica Subject-specific meaning tono visual
feedback genre grammar interview mechanics personal interests
14E 14A 14D 14A 14D 14A 14C 14 14E 14C 14C 14B 14C 14D 14A estrategia gnero gramtica entrevista Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: mecnica intereses personales Examples: first person, third person, omniscient punto de vista Example: writing process proceso publicar propsito revisar See also: logical order secuencia de eventos
tone visual
13D 13B
Writing/Writing Process cause and effect coherent compare and contrast complex sentence controlling idea develop discussion draft edit 14B 14C 14B 14C 14A 14B 14A 14B 14D editar discusin idea de control causa y efecto Examples: internal/ external coherence coherente comparar y contrastar
point of view process publish purpose revise sequence of events simple sentence spelling strategy
98
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
thesis
14A
tesis
story story line
15Aiii 15Aii 15Av 15A estilo
Writing/Literary Texts Examples: stylistic elements, graphical elements elemento figurative language graphic hyperbole idiom imaginative story literary device meter personification poem rhyme scheme sensory details setting 15Bii 15Biii 15Bii 15Bii 15A 15Av 15B 15Bii 15B 15Bi 15Aii 15Aii Subject-specific meaning metro personificacin poema esquema de rimas detalles sensoriales Subject-specific meaning lenguaje figurado Related form: graphical grfica hiprbola Possible false cognate: idioma
style write Writing (Personal) action communicate consequence focus personal narrative
element
15Biii
16 16 16 16 16
accin comunicar consecuencia foco See also: memoir narrativas personales
Writing/Expository and Procedural Texts concluding paragraph convey demonstrate understanding details essay expository 17Ai 17A 17C 17Aiii 17A 17C expositivo
prrafo conclusivo
Related form: demonstrate detalles
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
fact formal inconsistency information introduction
17Aiii 17B 17Aiii 17A 17Ai Example: formal letters formal inconsistencia informacin Subject-specific meaning introduccin Subject-specific meaning Example: writing a letter Possible false cognate for this usage: letra (refers to alphabetical letters) multimedia prrafo Part of speech in example: verb presente presentacin
sound technology topic
17D 17D 17A
sonido tecnologa tpico (more commonly tema) Subject-specific meaning Part of speech in example: noun transicin
transition
17Av
Writing/Persuasive Texts audience authors viewpoint consider counterargument establish persuasive 18 18C 18B 18B 18A 18 Example: establish a position establecer persuasivo Subject-specific meaning position 18A Examples: authors position, establish a position posicin
letter
17B
audiencia
multimedia paragraph present presentation quotation response rhetorical device sentence structure
17D 17C 17Ai 17D 17C 17C 17Av 17Av
Related form: consideration considerar
respuesta
Examples: simple, compound, complex
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
viewpoint
18C
phrase Related form: adjectival preposition prepositional phrase progressive tense relative pronoun subject-verb agreement subordinate clause subordinating conjunction tense verb
19Av 19Av 19Av 19Ai 19Avi 19Av 19B 19Avii 19Ai 19Ai
Example: prepositional or appositive phrase frase preposicin frase preposicional
Oral and Written Conventions/Conventions Examples: descriptive, predicate, superlative adjetivo Related form: adverbial adverbio Subject-specific meaning antecedente
adjective
19Aiii
adverb antecedent appositive phrase compound sentence conjunctive adverb context function modifier parallel structure participle parts of speech perfect tense
19Aiii 19C 19Aii 19C 19Aiv 19A 19A 19C 19C 19Ai 19A 19Ai
pronombre relativo
clusula subordinada conjuncin subordinada Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: tenso verbo
adverbio conjuntivo contexto funcin modificador estructura paralela participio
Oral and Written Conventions/Handwriting, Capitalization, and Punctuation Possible false cognate: capitalization 20A capitalizacin Examples: subordinate clause clause 20Bi clusula colon 20Bii
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
comma composition conventions hyphen legible punctuation mark recognize semicolon
20Bi 20 20A 20Bii 20 20B 20B 20Bii
coma Subject-specific meaning composicin Subject-specific meaning convenciones
research
22A
Research/Gathering Sources bibliography 23C bibliografa Part of speech in example: verb cite/citation 23D citar Possible false cognate: citacin differentiate 23D 23A 23D 23D diferenciar electrnico parfrasis plagio Part of speech in example: verb Possible false cognate: recordar
legible
reconocer
electronic paraphrase plagiarism
Oral and Written Conventions/Spelling resource 21 recurso
Research/Research Plan brainstorm consult decide open-ended question reference 22A 22A 22A 22 22B referencia Part of speech in example: verb consultar decidir
record
23C
research plan title
23A 23C Subject-specific meaning ttulo
Research/Synthesizing Information reliable/ reliability research question 24B 24A

Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
source valid/validity
24B 24B
Subject-specific meaning vlido/validez
enunciation eye contact film gesture
27 27 27 27
enunciacin
Research/Organizing and Presenting Ideas conclusion evidence findings format 25A 25B 25A 25C formato Example: support conclusions in research conclusin evidencia
filme/filmar (verb) gesto
Listening and Speaking/Listening expression instructions message nonverbal/ verbal 26C 26B 26C Subject-specific meaning expresin instrucciones mensaje Example: nonverbal cues such as gesture, posture, facial expression verbal no verbal Listening and Speaking/Speaking Part of speech in example: noun Related form: criticism crtica
26C
critique
27
103
Grade 7 Mathematics
Number, operation, and quantitative reasoning Related form: add addition algorithm calculator compare decimal density division equivalent exponent fraction integer 2B 2C 1B 1A 1B 2D 2A 1 2E 1B 1A adicin (more commonly suma) algoritmo calculadora comparar decimal
justify
2 1C
justificar Part of speech in example: noun modelos Related form: multiply multiplicacin numrico Example: real objects objeto operacin orden el orden de las operaciones por ciento precio Subject-specific meaning problema
models/model
multiplication numerical object operation
2B 2E 2A 1 1A 2E 1B 2D 2
densidad Related form: divide divisin equivalente exponente Related form: fractional fraccin Example: positive integer problem order order of operations percent price

104
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
quantitative reasoning rate ratio rational number reasonableness/ reasonable represent
1 2D 2D 1A 2G 1
razonamiento cuantitativo
unit whole number
2D 1B
Examples: unit rates, unit costs, unit conversions unidad
Example: equivalent ratio Example: positive rational number nmero racional razonabilidad/razonable Related form: representation representar Subject-specific meaning simplificar Example: solve problems
Patterns, relationships, and algebraic thinking Related form: algebraic algebra 3 Example: algebraic model lgebra, algebraico Subject-specific meaning rea Example: arithmetic sequence aritmtica circumference 4B circumferencia Subject-specific meaning
area
4A
simplify solve speed square square number square root subtraction
2E 2 2D 1C 1C 1C 2B
arithmetic
4C
concrete
5A
Examples: concrete models, concrete objects concreto Related form: convert conversin describir
conversion sustraccin (more commonly resta) describe
4A 4C
105
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
equation formula formulate generate proportional rate of change relate/related relationship scaling sequence situation symbol system of measurement
5 4A 5B 4A 3B 4C 3B 3 3B 4C 5B 4C 4A
ecuacin frmula formular generar proporcional
Geometry and spatial reasoning angle attribute axis classify 6A 6D 7B 6B Subject-specific meaning ngulo atributo Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: axis (neck vertebra) clasificar Subject-specific meaning complementary/ supplementary 6A Example: complementary angle complementario/suplementario cone 6C cono Part of speech in example: noun coordinate 7 Subject-specific meaning coordenada coordinate plane cylinder 7A 6C plano de coordenadas cilindro
relacionar/relacionado relacin Possible false cognate: escalar (to climb) secuencia Example: real-life situation situacin smbolo
106
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
figure
6C
Example: 3-dimensional figure figura Examples: geometric model, geometric concepts geomtrico
pyramid quadrilateral reflection side similarity sketch surface area threedimensional translation
6C 6B 7B 8A 6D 8A 8B 6C 7B
pirmide cuadriltero reflexin
geometric geometry
6 6
geometra Part of speech in example: verb (to graph) similitud
graph
7B
Related form: graphical grfica rea de la superficie tridimensional Possible false cognate: traslacin (moving) Related form: triangle Example: triangular prism triangular
horizontal net ordered pair pair
7B 8B 7A 7A
horizontal Subject-specific meaning Possible false cognate: neto par ordenado par Subject-specific meaning
triangular twodimensional vertical Measurement application
6B
8B 7B vertical
points
7A
prism
6C
prisma
9A
aplicacin
107
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
circumference connect
9A 9B
circunferencia conectar Related form: estimation
composite experiments construct data
10 10A 11
experimentos compuestos construir Example: data sets datos Examples: tree diagram, Venn diagram diagrama
estimate
9A
estimar Possible false cognate: estimado
diagram display experiment/ experimental
11A 11A 10
length
9A Examples: measurement systems (metric and customary), measurement units permetro polgono prisma rectangular independent 9A 9B volumen interpreting line graph line plot 11 11A 11A 10B
measurement
perimeter polygon rectangular prism shape volume
9A 9A 9B
experimento/experimental Part of speech in example: noun Related form: graphical grficas Example: independent events independiente Related form: interpretation interpretando
graphs
11A
Probability and statistics bar graph circle 11A 11A grfica de barras Example: circle graph crculo
grfica de lnea
108
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
mean measure median mode present
12A 12 12A 12B 11A 10B 12A 10A 10 11A 11A
Subject-specific meaning See also: median, mode
communicate conclusion
14 15 15A 13C 13B 15A 13A 13B 15 13D 13 13D 13C 13C
comunicar conclusin conjetura
media modo Part of speech in example: verb presentar
conjecture develop evaluate example/ nonexample identify incorporate logical reasoning
evaluar ejemplo identificar incorporar razonamiento lgico Possible false cognate: manipulador Example: mathematical model matemtico Possible false cognate: sentido nmero patrn Examples: problem-solving model; problem-solving strategy
probability range sample space statistics stem and leaf plot Venn diagram
probabilidad Subject-specific meaning
Related form: statistical estadstica
manipulative
mathematical Diagrama de Venn number sense
Underlying processes and mathematical tools pattern apply checking 13A 13C aplicar chequear (more commonly revisar) problemsolving
Word or Phrase
Word Notes
process
13
Example: underlying process proceso Subject-specific meaning propiedades seleccionar solucin estrategia Subject-specific meaning tabla tecnologa
properties select solution strategy table technology tool validate verify
15B 13C 13B 13C 13C 13D 13 15B 15
validar verificar
110
References
Alexander, P. A., & Jetton, T. L. (2000). Learning from text: A multidimensional and developmental perspective. In M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 3, pp. 285310). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. August, D., Carlo, M., Dressler, C., & Snow, C. (2005). The critical role of vocabulary development for English language learners. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 20(1), 5057. August, D., & Shanahan, T. (Eds.). (2006). Developing literacy in second-language learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Bailey, A., & Butler, F A. (2003). An evidentiary framework for operationalizing academic language for broad application to K-12 . education: A design document (CSE report 611). Los Angeles, CA: CRESST/University of California, Los Angeles. Baumann, J. F Edwards, E. C., Font, G., Tereshinski, C. A., Kameenui, E. J., & Olejnik, S. (2002). Teaching morphemic analysis to ., fifth-grade students. Reading Research Quarterly, 37, 150176. Baumann, J. F Font, G., Edwards, E. C., & Boland, E. (2005). Strategies for teaching middle grade students to use word parts and ., context clues to expand reading vocabulary. In E. Hiebert & M. L. Kamil (Eds.), Teaching and learning vocabulary: Bridging research to practice (pp. 179205). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Beck, I. L., & McKeown, M. G. (1991). Conditions of vocabulary acquisition. In P. D. Pearson (Ed.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 2, pp. 789814). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Beck, I. L. McKeown, M. G., & Kucan, L. (2002). Bringing words to life: Robust vocabulary instruction. New York, NY: Guilford. Blachowicz, C. & Fisher, P. (2009). Teaching vocabulary in all classrooms. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Merrill. Carlo, M., August, D., McLaughlin, B., Snow, C., Dressler, C., Lipman, D., . . . White, C. (2004). Closing the gap: Addressing the vocabulary needs of English language learners in bilingual and mainstream classrooms. Reading Research Quarterly, 39(2), 188215 Collier, V. P. (1989). How long? A synthesis of research on academic achievement in a second language. TESOL Quarterly, 23, 509531. Coxhead, A. (2000). A new academic word list. TESOL Quarterly, 34(2), 213238.
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Dale, E. (1965). Vocabulary measurement: Techniques and major findings. Elementary English, 42, 8288. Fillmore, L. W., & Snow, C. E. (2000). What teachers need to know about language. Paper prepared for the Center on Applied Linguistics, Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Frayer, D., Frederick, W. C., & Klausmeier, H. J. (1969). A schema for testing the level of cognitive mastery. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Center for Education Research. Gersten, R., & Baker, S. (2000). What we know about effective instructional practices for English language learners. Exceptional Children, 66, 454470. Gersten, R., Baker, S. K., Shanahan, T., Linan-Thompson, S., Collins, P., & Scarcella, R. (2007). Effective literacy and English language instruction for English learners in the elementary grades: A practice guide (NCEE 2007-4011). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved February 4, 2010, from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/pdf/practiceguides/20074011.pdf Gottlieb, M., Carnuccio, L. M., Ernst-Slavit, G., & Katz, A. (2006). PreK-12 English language proficiency standards: Augmentation of the World-class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) Consortium English Language Proficiency Standards. Alexandria, VA: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages. Graves, M. F (2000). A vocabulary program to complement and bolster a middle-grade comprehension program. In B. M. Taylor, . M. F Graves, & P. van den Broek (Eds.), Reading for meaning: Fostering comprehension in the middle grades (pp. 116135). . Graves, M. F (2006). The vocabulary book: Learning and instruction. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University. . Hiebert, E. H., & Kamil, M. L. (Eds.) (2005). Teaching and learning vocabulary: Bringing research to practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Joshi, R. M. (2005). Vocabulary: A critical component of comprehension. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 21, 209219. Lee, J., Grigg, W., & Donahue, P. (2007). The nations report card: Reading 2007 (NCES 2007-496). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Marzano, R. J., & Pickering, D. J. (2005). Building academic vocabulary: Teachers manual. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Nagy, W. E. (2005). Why vocabulary instruction needs to be long-term and comprehensive. In E. H. Hiebert & M. L. Kamil (Eds.), Teaching and learning vocabulary: Bringing research to practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Nagy, W. (1988). Teaching vocabulary to improve reading comprehension. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
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Academic Vocabulary

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Academic Vocabulary

for Fifth- to Seventh-Grade English Language Learners in Texas

Sharon Vaughn, Ph.D. Executive Director

Texas Education Agency

Education Service Center Region XIII

Why Is Academic Vocabulary Important?

How Were Terms Selected?

Terms by Grade and Subject Area

Fifth grade Sixth grade Seventh grade

284 277 258

140 142 154

How Can I Use This Booklet in My Instructional Planning?

Important Distinctions Between the ELAR and Mathematics Vocabulary Lists

How Do I Teach Academic Vocabulary?

Sample Vocabulary-Building Strategies

Semantic Feature Analysis

Rating Word Knowledge

Centimeter Inch Yard Liter Meter Gallon

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Venn Diagram

SampleVenn Diagram Sample Venn Diagram

short ofteninmagazines andnewspapers usuallyexpressesa pointofview

madeofwordsand sentences readingmaterial maybeinteresting orengaging

triangle rectangle linesegment square rhombus

un- (undone) mis- (misunderstand) -ness (happiness) -ly (calmly)

Possible Sentences Nonexamples

Easier/familiar words: audience comparison conclusion purpose summary unfamiliar

Sample Word Lists

How Do I Decide Which Words to Teach?

Notes About the Word Lists

Comprehensive Word Lists

Subject-specific meaning expresin fluidez Related form: reading texto

= high-frequency word in the TEKS; = Spanish cognate

Sample Grade 5 TEKS Standard

Sample Grade 6 TEKS Standard

Sample Grade 7 TEKS Standard

Possible false cognate: idioma

pronunciacin Subject-specific meaning

Comprehensive ELAR (cont.)

Sample Grade 5 TEKS Standard

Sample Grade 6 TEKS Standard

Sample Grade 7 TEKS Standard

thesaurus understand unfamiliar vocabulary whole word choice

Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Theme and Genre

Comprehensive ELAR (cont.)

Sample Grade 5 TEKS Standard

Sample Grade 6 TEKS Standard

Sample Grade 7 TEKS Standard

inferencia/inferir literario literatura Example: moral lessons moral movimiento

Subject-specific meaning Example: place and time tema Subject-specific meaning

Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Poetry

Sample Grade 5 TEKS Standard

Sample Grade 6 TEKS Standard

Sample Grade 7 TEKS Standard

personification poet poetry rhyme scheme sound effect 4 4 4 4

poesa esquema de rimas efecto de sonido

Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Drama

Related form: dramatic adaptation drama filme/filmar (verb) Subject-specific meaning

Reading/Comprehension of Literary Text/Fiction

Comprehensive ELAR (cont.)

Sample Grade 5 TEKS Standard

Sample Grade 6 TEKS Standard

Sample Grade 7 TEKS Standard

6A 6B 6B 6A 6A dialecto explicar Subject-specific meaning