Jabatan Pengajian Pendidikan Fakulti Pendidikan dan Pengajian Manusia

KPD 3016 PENGAJARAN, TEKNOLOGI DAN PENAKSIRAN 1

TUGASAN 4 UNIT PENGAJARAN

PENSYARAH : DR. RAZAK ABD SAMAD BIN YAHYA KUMPULAN : A (TEAM 2)
NAMA NOOR SUMAYAH BINTI ISMAIL NORKAMALIAH BINTI OSMAN @ MOHD NORDIN NORDIYANA BINTI MOHD ZOM MOHD AIDIL UBAIDILLAH BIN RAZILAN SITI NURUL SHAHIDA BINTI MOHD ABD HADI COMPONENT 1: TITLE AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES TITLE: Body Coordination NO MATRIK D20091035088 D20091035111 D20091035124 D20091035132 D20091035137

SUBTOPICS : 1. Understanding body coordination 2. Understanding the human nervous system 3. Analysing nervous coordination

LEARNING OBJECTIVE: What is body coordination? In our life we see with our eyes, smell with our nose, hear with our ears and taste with our tongue. Our body organs need to function or coordinate in order to detect stimuli and consequently react towards stimuli around us and in our body. In this chapter, there are lots of learning objectives to objectives, however only three of them going to be achieved equivalent to four times of lessons. There are three subtopics that will be teach in classroom which are:- 1.1 understanding body coordination, 1.2 understanding the human nervous system and 1.3 analysing nervous coordination. The entire lessons contribute 16 learning outcomes that suppose to be finished successfully. Hopefully, all the valuable contents and points in these learning outcomes have ability in creating interactive teaching and as the result, my students would show their enthusiasm to understand these subtopics and at the same time apply it in their daily life. Teaching unit is a special skill that is learned in much the same way as other skills. Good teaching unit do not ensure students will learn what is intended, but they certainly contribute to it. Think of a lesson plan as a way of communicating, and without doubt, effective communication skills are fundamental to all teaching. Teaching unit also help new or inexperienced teachers organize content, materials, and methods. When you are learning the craft of teaching, organizing your subject-matter content via lesson plans is fundamental. Like most skills, you'll get better at it the more you do it and think of ways of improving your planning and teaching based on feedback from your students, their parents, and other teachers. Developing your own teaching unit also helps you "own" the subject matter content you are teaching, and that is central to everything good teachers do.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THEME/THEME:

The theme for topic body coordination is maintenance and continuity of life. In the human body, all the systems simultaneously work in a co-ordinated way and in full harmony for a definite purpose, namely, to keep the body alive. Even the smallest movements we do everyday, such as breathing or smiling, are outcomes of perfect co-ordination in the human body. Besides that, inside us is an incredibly complicated and comprehensively co-ordinated network that operates without stopping at all. The purpose is the continuance of living. Thus by teaching this topic, a student is able to learn the meaning of body coordination and how certain body parts react towards stimuli. The importance of this topic also due to the introducing of chemical substance which may damage body functions. Consequently, the students have some benefit knowledge on how to make relationship with what they are going to learn and their real life.

COMPONENT 2: STUDENTS PRIOR KNOWLEDGES 2.1 The prior knowledge of student: Lesson Plan 1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous System

1.1 1. Basic knowledge about body coordination has been introduced in form 3.
2. All our body system is able to work together harmoniously. 3. Brain is the master organ of coordination. 4. Nervous system and endocrine system are responsible in regulating and coordinating our

body activities. 1.2

1. Our body possesses a complex communication system that is nervous system.

2. Human nervous system is divided into two major component which are central and peripheral nervous system. Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neuron 2.1 1. The function of nervous system and component of neurone 2. Students can identify the major component of human nervous system 3. Student can give the example of activities that involve in the nervous system 4. Neurone is the new topic to student

Lesson Plan 3: Analyzing Nervous System 3.1 1. Students have already known that neurone receive and transmit the impulse to the brain. 2. Students have already known that there are three types of neurone in nervous system.

Lesson Plan 4: Analyzing Nervous Coordination 4.1 1. Student has already known the useful of nervous coordination like reflex are essential for everyday movement as well as protection. For examples, when we sneezing and coughing.

2.2 Plan to pick up ideas: Lesson Plan 1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous System

At the beginning of lesson, the teacher will going to use about ten minute to make engaging. There are several types of activities that have ability in identifying either the student have the correct concept about the body coordination and nervous system or vice versa:

1. Examine models, or view charts to identify the component of nervous system. 2. Give the short quizzes to analyses the knowledge about their understanding on this subtopic. 3. Discuss the reasons why body coordination is so important in daily activities. Then carried out a brainstorming by asking a few questions that have relationship with their life

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neurone The function of nervous system and component of neurone 1. Teacher shows to the student a map concept of the human nervous system and asks the whole class what goes on in their minds when they see a mind map.

2. Show the picture of the component neurone and student can draw the picture and labeled it. 3. Discuss in group the pool questions 4. Short quiz, summary and reading assignment. Lesson Plan 3: Analyzing Nervous System 1. Teacher shows to the student a video clip of neurone. 2. Then, teacher asks the whole class what is the main function of neurone from the video they saw just now. Lesson Plan 4: Analyzing Nervous Coordination 1. Teacher shows to the student a picture of sneezing and blinking 2. Then, teacher asks the whole class what are another example of reflex than the reflex shown. 3. Then, teacher shows a set of pictures of knee jerk reflex to the students. 4. Then, teacher asks the whole class how the knee jerk reflex could be happen.

2.3 Idea/Lessons Objective that quite tough to achieve:

The student are having difficulty to achieve the lesson objective due to the never experienced this subtopic before. In other word student never learn about this before although the basic about this subtopic.

Lesson Plan 1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervou System

1. Making analogy what body coordination is about. 2. To ensure the student are able to relate what they have done in their daily life with body coordination
3. Have difficulty to make sure the student understand the differences about nervous system

and endocrine system because some of them are occur inside of our body like heartbeat, digestion, level of glucose in blood and amount of water in the body. 4. There are a lot of new words that not really familiar in their life such as cranial nerve, somatic and autonomic nervous system, impulses and so on. Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neurone 1. To ensure the student know the travel of impulse in the human body. 2. Difficult to remember the names of the component because it is in scientific names like axon, dendrit, dendron and so on. 3. Draw a diagram of neurone. 4. State the function for each component of the nervous system. Lesson Plan 3: Analyzing Nervous System 1. The similarities and difference between the three types of neurone. Lesson Plan 4: Analyzing Nervous Coordination 1. The reflex arc (nerve pathway) of a reflex action. 2. Relationship between receptors, neurones effectors, neurones and effectors with the nervous system.

2.4 Misconception and the real concept: Lesson Plan 1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervou System MISCONCEPTION PROPER CONCEPTION

All our body systems working independently to body systems work together to build the each other. functioning human body Most items are composed of different parts and that an item may not work if its parts are missing. The condition inside our body always changes For our body to function well, the condition at all time in order to function well. inside our body must be kept constant at all time. This requires coordination among various parts of the body. Endocrine system and nervous system are two Although nervous system and endocrine system systems that not really important in body control different type of body activity, but both coordination. of them work simultaneously in enabling us to live as one entity. Brain is able to work by its own. Brain is the main component in deciding how to respond and instruct certain body parts to do so. But the information that is called impulse is come from sensory organ and via nerves to our brain.

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neurone MISCONCEPTION The peripheral nervous system PROPER CONCEPTION analyzes The peripheral nervous system does not analyze impulses from the receptor. This is done by the central nervous system. Cranium nerves and spinal cord not involved in Cranium nerves and spinal cord involved in reflexes. reflexes.

impulses from the receptor.

Lesson Plan 3 : Analyzing Nervous System MISCONCEPTION PROPER CONCEPTION

Relay neurone appears in the central nervous Relay neurone only appears in the central system and peripheral nervous system. nervous system.

Relay neuron connects either with sensory Relay neurone connects the sensory neurone neurone or motor neurone. with the motor neurone.

Synapses allow impulses to be transmitted in Synapses allow impulses to be transmitted in two directions. one direction only.

Lesson Plan 4: Analyzing Nervous Coordination

MISCONCEPTION Reflex action happen in all nerve parts

PROPER CONCEPTION Reflex action takes place in the spinal cord.

The main parts of the nervous system need to be The main parts of the nervous system are not the protected. only parts that need to be protected. The cells of the nervous system are fragile and need excessive protection. They need to be protected from infections of disease organisms, and other harm.

COMPONENT 3: CONTENT ANALYSING Subject: Science Form 4 Topic: Body coordination

KNOWLEDGE UNIT FACTS CONCEPTS GENERALIZATI ON

SKILLS COGNITIVE PSYCHOMOT OR SOCIAL

UNIT 2.1 Understanding Body Coordination

The activities human part of

daily of is body

- Body Coordinatio n our is the bodys adjustment of reaction towards any stimulus around (eg: temperature change) and from body digestion food) - Nervous Coordinatio n controlled and coordinated by nervous system - Hormonal Coordinatio n controlled and is the is the (eg: of us

Coordination ensure that each part of the body is controlled so that functions harmoniously with receives stimulus each a other when it it

- A

student

- A student can make a chart that show the relationship between type of its and it. body example the coordination,

- A student will have the sense on to appreciat e Gods creation of ion body coordinat how

is able to describe what body coordinatio n. is

known as the coordination

There are two types of body coordination: Nervous coordin ation Hormon al coordin ation

importance of

inside of our

Nervous Coordinatio n coordinating body activities like:walking, looking, writing, reading listening. and

Hormonal Coordinatio n coordinating body activities like:-body

3.2 Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson students should be able to: Lesson Plan 1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous System

A:

Master content knowledge (cognitive)

1. Describe what body coordination.

2. Identify the body systems that control and regulate coordination. 3. State the importance of body coordination. 4. Identify the component parts of the human nervous system. B: Master Scientific Skills/TSTS
1. Draw the mind map about the relationship of body coordination and example of daily lifes

activities
2. Give some respond after watching video related to body coordination and human nervous

system. 3. Organize the part of central and peripheral nervous system C: Demonstrate Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values
1. Be actively participate in carrying out role play activity based on agreed upon procedures as a

team 2. Appreciate the value of time by carrying out the role play briskly and being on task all the time 3. Able to make correlation between the importances of body coordination in our sustainable life. 4. Be rational to explain what body coordination is about.

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neurone A: Master content knowledge (cognitive) 1. Specify the functions of each component of the nervous system. 2. States what is nervous system 3. Identify the neurons 4. Provide the functions of each type of neuron B: Master Scientific Skills/TSTS 1. Be able to see parts of the nervous system of the human body. 2. To label and draw the structure of neurons 3. To differentiate the functions of the neurons in the C: Demonstrate Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values 1. Can take care of your body organs to function properly 2. Does not do the activities that can harm the body. 3. Caring for each part of the body.

Lesson Plan 3: Analyzing Nervous System A: Master content knowledge 1. List the types of neuron

2. Explain the function for each type of neuron. 3. Compare and contrast the three types of neuron. 4. Define the meaning of receptor and effector.

B:

Master Scientific Skills/TSTS 1. Draw a labeled diagram of the sensory neuron, motor neuron and relay neuron. 2. Discuss in a group the function of each type of neuron and also the similarities and difference. Then students must present their work in the class.

C:

Demonstrate Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values 1. Practice a good life style by doing exercise or aerobic. 2. Be careful to anything that can cause negative impact to our body.

Lesson Plan 4: Analyzing Nervous Coordination A: Master content knowledge 1. state the function of receptors and effectors 2. explain with examples what a reflex action is 3. describe a reflex arc 4. illustrate the path taken by an impulse in the reflex arc B: Master Scientific Skills/TSTS

1. Design and carry out an activity in groups to investigate the relationship between the receptor, effectors and reflex action. C: Demonstrate Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values 1. Being responsible about the safety of oneself, others and the environment.

3.3 Main Idea in Age-Appropriate Language Lesson Plan 1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous System

Concept of Body Coordination:

1. The term coordination:- the act or state of coordinating or of being coordinated. It is also refer to proper order or relationship 2. Harmonious combination or interaction, as of functions or parts. 3. So that, body coordination is about various parts of our body usually work together towards any stimulus around us and from the inside of our body. Characteristics of Body Coordination:

1. Body coordination is divided into nervous coordination and hormonal coordination.

2. Nervous coordination-controlled and coordinated by the nervous system. Coordinating body activities like walking, looking, writing, talking and reading 3. Hormonal coordination-controlled and coordinated by the endocrine system. Coordinating body activities like body growth, reproduction, controlling blood concentration and food digestion. Why we are required body coordination to functions well?

1. Controls coordination between stimuli and body responses 2. Helping us to avoid injuries or dangers 3. Enables us to adapt to the changes around us.

Characteristics of Human Nervous System:

1. It is divided into central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (somatic and autonomic nervous system). 2. The messages carried by the nervous system are electrical signals called impulses.

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neuron

Nervous system

1. Brain control all activities of body like walking and seeing while spinal cord control the reflex actions like pulling the hand away when the fingers touch a hot object. 2. Somatic nervous system consists of spinal nerve from spinal cord and cranial nerve from the brain. They are controls voluntary actions. 3. Autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions like heartbeat.

Neuron

1. There are many types of component of neuron. There are body cell, dendron, dendrite, axon and

myelin sheath. 2. Each of components has their own function. Overall they carry the impulses in human nervous system.

Lesson 3 : Analyzing Nervous System 1. There are three types of neuron which are sensory neuron, relay neuron and motor neuron. 2. These neuron have the main role to receive and transmit impulses. 3. All receptors and effectors are connected to the nervous system by neurons 3.4 Related Real World, Object, System or Event Lesson Plan 1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous System

Both photos show several body activities in one time

Body Coordination???

Lets force our understanding to appreciate the meaning of life in this

wonderful world. We see with our eyes, smell with our nose, hear with our ears and taste with our tongue. Our body organs need to function or coordinate in order to detect stimuli and consequently react towards stimuli around us and in our body. Did you all realize these before? How are we able to do so many things at the same time? Various parts of our body usually work together to carry out a task. This is called as body coordination. Our body activities are controlled and regulated by two systems of coordination, namely the nervous system and endocrine system. Our sensory organs enable us to know what is happening around us. They convey information about our

surrounding via nerves to our brain. Then the brain then decides how to respond and instruct certain body parts to do so. The ability to respond appropriately to changes in our surroundings is important for our survival. Besides that, can all of us mention one similarity between central nervous system and

peripheral nervous system? Both of them are classified as human nervous system that is very important in controlling our body coordination. So that, human nervous system is a complex communication system in our body.

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neurone At the beginning, the map

concept (diagram 1) is used to reflect the student knowledge about the topic before and future. This map is uses.

The in the empowering, the structure of neuron (diagram 2) is display by using this picture. So the student can draw the structure and labelled it. Student will understand when looking the picture. Teacher also can show the flow of impulses in the picture of neurone.

3.5 List of Term/ Concept/ Principle/ Law/ Theory Lesson Plan 1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous System 1. Body coordination 2. Stimulus
3. Nervous coordination and Hormonal Coordination 4. Central and Peripheral nervous system

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neurone 1. The central nervous system is the control center of the body. 2. The peripheral nervous system serves to transmit impulses from the sensory organ or receptor through the central nervous system to the muscle for it to respond. 3. The somatic nervous system controls all the voluntary actions. 4. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions. 5. Neuron is to carry impulses. 6. Neurons have components like body cells, dendron, dendrites, axons and myelin sheath. 7. Body cell contains nucleus and cytoplasm 8. Dendron is a cytoplasm projection which spreads out from the cell body. 9. Dendrite is the small branches of Dendron. 10. Axon is a long projection from the cell body. 11. The myelin sheath is separated by small gaps called nodes of Ranvier.

Lesson Plan 3: Analyzing Nervous System 1. Neuron 2. Impulse 3. Synapse 4. Receptor 5. Effector

Lesson Plan 4: Analyzing Nervous Coordination 1. Receptor 2. Effectors 3. Reflex action 4. Reflex arc 5. Impulse 6. Stimulus 7. Nerve impulse 8. Sense receptor 9. Response 10. Reflex

3.6 Central guiding questions with Scientific Answers Lesson Plan1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous System Q: What is meant by body coordination? A: Is the adjustment of our bodys reaction towards any stimulus around us (like temperature change) and from the inside of our body (like digestion of food)

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neurone Q: What is the neurone? A: Neurone (nerve cell) is a basic unit of the nervous system.

Lesson 3 : Analyzing Nervous system Q : What is the main function of neurone ? A : The function of neurone is to carry impulses.

Lesson Plan 4: Analyzing Nervous Coordination Q : What is the meaning of reflex action? A : reflex actions are automatic and fast respond of the body towards external stimuli without the involvement of thinking or cerebrum.

3.7 Mind Map

4.0 TEACHING AID AND LEARNING MATERIALS 4.1 List of Materials, Equipment/ Technology and Material Resources

Lesson Plan1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous System

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

Power point slides Video /role play LCD projector White screen White paper charts/model Marker Pen Quizzes/ note sheet and worksheet

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neurone

a. Power point slides b. LCD projector c. White screen d. White paper e. Marker Pen f. Quizzes g. Prepared note sheets h. Mind map

Lesson Plan 3: Analyzing Nervous System

a. Power point slides b. Video c. LCD projector d. White screen e. Power supply f. White board g. Marker pen h. Notes on power point slides

Lesson Plan 4: Analyzing Nervous Coordination

a. Power point slides b. Video c. LCD projector d. White screen e. White paper f. Worksheet 5.0 METHODS AND ACTIVITIES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING 5.1 List of Method and Activities of Teaching and Learning

Lesson Plan 1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous System

PHASE

METHOD / ACTIVITY - Demonstration session: a few students are invited to do some activities like walking, running, dancing and so on in front of the class.

Engaging - Whole class question and answer session.

- Teacher shows a few pictures to reconstruct the idea of characteristic of body coordination and component of human nervous system. - Activities like cross word and answer objective and subjective questions Empowering - Students examine models, view charts and then make the simplest mind map based on their own understanding. After that, some of them required to present it clearly and loudly to whole class.

- Problem solving regarding what body coordination is about and its importance towards our life Enhancing - Carry out activities such as making poster related to this subtopic. - Distribute the prepared note sheet to whole class.

- Learning outcome review. Closing - Quiz and teacher gives a worksheet as a homework - There is some reflection by ask the students what they have been learned

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neurone

PHASE

METHOD / ACTIVITY

Engaging

-Student refers the map concept of nervous system. - Whole class question and answer session.

Empowering

- Teacher shows a picture of neuron - Student draw the structure and labeled of neuron

-teacher divide student into 4 groups Enhancing -student discuss the poll questions with groups -student present their answer and bushes by the teacher

Closing

-Learning outcome review. - Quiz between groups. - Teacher gives a worksheet as a homework

Lesson Plan 3: Analyzing Nervous System

PHASE

METHOD / ACTIVITY

Engaging

- Student watching a short video clip on neurone. - Whole class question and answer session.

- Teacher shows a few pictures to reconstruct the idea of different types of Empowering neurones. - Student investigation on the types of neurones.

Enhancing

- Problem solving regarding the function of each neurone.

- Learning outcome review. Closing - Quiz between groups. - Teacher gives a worksheet as a homework - Teacher assigns students to read the next chapter

Lesson Plan 4: Analyzing Nervous Coordination PHASE METHOD / ACTIVITY

- Student interpret the picture that related to reflex action. Engaging - Whole class question and answer session. - Teacher shows a few pictures to reconstruct the idea of reflex action Empowering - Student investigation on the reflex arc on the reflex action. Enhancing - Problem solving regarding reflex action - Learning outcome review. Closing - Quiz between groups. - Teacher gives a worksheet as a homework

5.2 Time-Line

Week Time

1 1 2 3 4

2 1 2 3 4

Subtopic 1. Understanding coordination 2. Understanding nervous system 3. Analysing nervous coordination the human body

6.0 LIST OF ASSESMENT, ACTIVITY AND RESOURCE. 6.1 List of Assessment and the Product Lesson Plan1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous System Assessment Activity - Teacher gives worksheet as homework exercises to the Formative assessment students at the end of the lesson and the marks will be taking into account as monthly test marks for summative assessment. - Teacher collects poster project of students and give the suitable marks Worksheet Poster project Resource

- Teacher asks question verbally in the class or give short Assessment for learning quizzes. - Teacher gives the worksheet to students during application phase. - Teacher give note sheet and power point slide related to this topic during empowering session Prepared note sheet Power APPENDIX point slide: Worksheet

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neuron Assessment Formative assessment Activity - Teacher gives worksheet as homework exercises to the students at the end of the lesson and the marks will be taking into account as monthly test marks for summative assessment. Assessment for learning - Teacher gives some questions to reflect the student knowledge about the topic. - Teacher ask student to draw the neurone diagram - Teacher give questions for each groups and student will discuss in groups. Appendix 3 Appendix 2 Resource Worksheet

Appendix 1

Lesson Plan 3: Analyzing Nervous System Assessment Formative assessment Activity - Student watching a short video clip on neurone. - Teacher asks the student about the main role of neurone. . Assessment for learning - Student identify on the types of neurone. - Explaining the function of each neurone. - A student will be asked to read the meaning of receptor and effector. - Group discussion on solving the worksheet. - Quiz between groups. - A task on reading the next sub topic. Lesson plan 4 : Analysing nervous coordination Worksheet Power point Resource Video Whole class question and answer session

Assessment Formative assessment

activity -Teacher gives worksheet as quiz to the students at the end of the lessons and the marks will be taking for summative assessment.

Resources Worksheet APPENDIX 4

Assessment for learning

-Teacher gives some questions to reflect the students knowledge about the topic.

Worksheet APPENDIX 1

- Teacher

asks students to draw the

pathway of the impulse. -Teacher gives question and students will be discuss in groups.

6.2 Table of Specification Test

6.3 Rubric for Lesson Plan 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE Comprehension Knowledge Evaluation Analysis Synthesis Application structure Essay 1 2 3

LEARNING OUTCOMES

TOTAL
SUBTOPIC

Understanding Body Coordination Understanding The Human System Analysing Nervous System TOTAL

Nervous 5

20

28

% of question (28.6%) (21.4%) (10.7%) (21.4%) (10.7%) (7.1%)

RUBRIC FOR POSTERBODY COORDINATION & COMPONENT OF HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM MARKS:

Name: ___________________________________________ Class: ________________________

Grading Scale/Indicators CATEGORY 4 3 2 1 SCORE

REQUIRED ELEMENTS

The includes as well

poster All all elements

required All but 1 of the Several required are required elements elements on the are included on the missing. poster. were

required elements included as poster. additional information. LABELS All items

of Almost all items of Many are

items

of Labels are too

importance on the importance on the importance on the small to view poster are clearly poster clearly poster are clearly OR no important were labeled with labels labeled with labels labeled with labels items that can be read that can be read from that can be read labeled. from at least 3 ft. at least 3 ft. away. away. GRAPHICS RELEVANCE - All graphics are All graphics from at least 3 ft. away. are All graphics relate Graphics do not to the

related to the topic related to the topic to the topic. One relate

and make it easier and most make it or two borrowed topic OR several to understand. All easier to understand. graphics have a borrowed borrowed graphics Some have citation. ATTRACTIVENESS The poster a source graphics borrowed source citation. have a graphics do not have a source citation. is The poster is The poster is

source citation. is The poster

exceptionally

attractive in terms of acceptably may messy. be a

distractingly bit poorly designed. It is not attractive.

attractive in terms design, layout and attractive though it messy or very of design, layout, neatness. and neatness.

GRAMMAR

There

are

no There

are

1-2 There

are

3-4 There are more than 4

grammatical/mech

grammatical/mechan

grammatical/mech

anical mistakes on ical mistakes on the anical mistakes on grammatical/me

6.4 Assessment Lesson Plan 1 1.1 QUIZ 1: Cross Word. Complete the following question by finding the answer on cross word sheet given. 1. Two types of body coordination ____________________ and ___________________.

2. The spinal nerve connects the spinal cord with parts of the body like limbs ___________, ______________ and __________________ 3. Our body possesses a complex communication system, that is _____________________.

4. The central nervous system is the control centre of the body, meanwhile peripheral nervous system function is to transmit ____________ from the sensory organ through the central nervous system to the muscle for it to respond accordingly, or to the gland to produce the required secretion.

5. The spinal cord controls the ____________ actions like pulling the hand away when the fingers touch a hot object

6. The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic and _______________ nervous system.

7. Brain is the master organ of coordination. What part of the brain which is if IT is hurt during an accident or affected due to the effects of alcohol and drugs, a person cannot balance his/her body and his/her movement becomes uncoordinated.

8. The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to __________________ and __________________ stimuli.

S A E H O I M M N Y T I E S H Z X C H

K S T U C E R E B E L L U M E W Q S T

I A Z G H U I O T T L L I S M N J K L

N E M O D B A S T S S A E S L U P M I

A Y W C V H J L O I Y R E D G T R N A

Z R R D T U I H A S L S B A I U T A E

B Y N E R V O U S F A Z S P M E E E R

I H E W T R E R T T N T S U R R V Q B

L K D T M E Z O I Y R U X N O T H R V

A U T O N O M I C I E I A E Y V U Z Y

S E N E R T U I O P T L E S D C R S I

U A U Q H U Y T A Z X E I U T G E E P

L W R T S C X E L F E R X K L O R E N

1.2 QUIZ 2: OBJECTIVE AND STRUCTURE QUESTION

Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four alternative answer, A, B, C, or D. For each question, choose one answer only

1. Which of the following is meant by body coordination? A. Coordination of the bodys response towards any stimuli B. Coordination of the body that is controlled by endocrine system C. Coordination of the body that is controlled by brain only D. Coordination of the bodys towards position and balance

2. Which of the following is true regarding the human nervous system? A. Cranial nerves are peripheral nerves of the brain. B. A neurone is the basic unit of the nervous system. C. The spinal nerves send impulses from the spinal cord to the brain. D. The peripheral nervous system links receptors and effectors to the central nervous system.

3. The peripheral nervous system consists of cranial nerves which emerge from the brain and the spinal nerves which arise from the spinal cord. Which of the following emerge from the brain? A. Peripheral nerves B. Cranial nerve C. Spinal nerves D. Motor nerves

4.

Which of the following made up the central nervous system? I Spinal chord II Cranial nerves III Brain IV Spinal nerves

A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. II and IV

5. Which of the following shows the difference between the nervous system and endocrine system?

Endocrine system

Nervous System

A The response is fast B Message sent are in the form of hormone

The response is slow Message sent are in the form of impulse

C The effect short-lived

The effect long lasting

D Response are more localized such as glands Response are wide spread such as whole and muscles body

6. A receptor detects stimulus from the environment. Which part detect stimulus? A. responses B. receptors C. effectors D. stimuli

7. Changes in the environment is known as

A. responses B. receptors

C. effectors D. stimuli

8. The action that is done with consciousness and according to our will is known as

A. reflex action B. voluntary action C. involuntary action D. unconscious action

ANSWER:

1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B

6.B 7.D 8.B

1.3 1. Complete the following space using the suitable words given.

Nervous system endocrine system

response impulse peripheral central organs

Body coordination is a life process that involves harmonious functioning of interrelated ____________and parts in the body to produce a coordinated response. A stimulus is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. It evokes a ____________. Two body systems that control and regulate coordination are:_____________ and _____________. The ___________nervous system which consists of the brain and spinal cord. The _____________nervous system which consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves. The nervous system handles fast and short responses which involve the transmission of electrical ___________

2. Underline the correct answers about body coordination and human nervous system.

The brain is an organ that is the centre of control and coordination in the (nervous system / endocrine system) Response is an action or movement as a result of (stimulus / sense)

 The peripheral nervous system is the network of (impulse / nerves) which connects the central nervous system with other parts of the body. Cranial nerves composed of (7 / 12) pairs of nerves which originate from the brain and are connected to sense organs in the head and neck, and also to effectors such as the muscles or glands in the body cavity. The spinal cord controls reflex action (yes / no). Spinal nerves are composed of 31 pairs of nerves which originate from spinal cord and are connected to sense organs and (receptors / effectors) in the whole body including hands and legs.

ANSWER: 1. Complete the space: Organs response Nervous system , endocrine system Central Peripheral Impulse 2. Underline the correct answer Nervous syatem Stimulus Nerves 7 Yes effectors

Lesson Plan 2

2.1 Summative Assessment Objective question (Lesson Plan 2) 1. What is the organ controlled by the autonomic nervous system? A. Brain B. Spinal cord C. Liver D. Limbs

2. What is the function and example of spinal nerve? A. Controls voluntary actions like talking, smelling and seeing B. Controls voluntary actions like walking, scratching and running C. Controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and contraction of blood vessels D. Controls involuntary actions like gasping, laughing and yawning

3. The somatic nervous system consist of the A. Spinal nerve and sensory organs B. Spinal nerve and peripheral nervous system C. Cranial nerve and spinal nerve D. Cranial nerve and autonomic nervous system

4. Central nervous system consist of the A. Brain and spinal cord B. Brain and spinal nerve C. Brain and cranial nerve D. Spinal nerve and cranial nerve

5. What is P and Q?

P A B C D

Peripheral nervous system Central nervous system Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system

Peripheral nervous system Cranial nerves Central nervous system Spinal nerves

Answer question 6, 7 and 8 by referring the picture 1

Picture 1 6. What is J? A. Spinal cord B. Cranial nerve C. Brain D. Peripheral nerve

7. What is the function of K? A. Control all activities B. Control the reflex actions C. Control center of body D. Control unreflex actions

8. L connects K with parts of the body. What is the part of body? A. Blood vessels B. Skin C. Neck D. Heart

9. What is the function of neurone? A. Carry reactions B. Carry impulses C. Control center of body D. Control activities

10. There are the components in neurone. EXCEPT. A. Cell body B. Axon C. Dendron D. Effector

11. Cell body contains of A. Axon B. Dendrite C. Cytoplasm D. Insulating membrane

12. What happens when degeneration of myelin sheath occurs? A. Increase the speed of impulses B. the leakage of impulses occur C. impulses can jump from one node of Ranvier to another D. all activities of neurone will be control

13. What is the function of axon? A. Carry impulses towards cell body

B. Carry impulses out of cell body C. Transmit impulses to cell body D. Receive impulses from other neurone

Answer question 14 and 15 by referring the picture 2.

14. What is Y? A. Dendron B. Axon C. Dendrite D. Myelin sheath

15. The function of Z? A. Carry reactions of body B. Control all activities of neurone C. Carry impulses D. Control center of body

ANSWER :

1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A

6. C 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.D

11.C 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.B

Lesson Plan 3 3.1 QUIZ 1. Which one is motor neurone ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

2. Neurone that carry stimuli to the central nervous system is referred to as

A. motor nuerone B. association neuron C. relay neurone D. sensory neurone

3. Diagram 1 shows a type of neurone.

Diagram 1 The neurone carries an impulse from the A. central nervous system to the receptor B. receptor to the central nervous system C. effector to the central nervous system D. central nervous system to the effector

4. The information below shows the parts that are involved in a reflex arc. J Effector K Receptor L Sensory neurone M Motor neurone N Relay neurone Which of the following impulse pathways is correct ? A. J B. K C. K D. L L L M M N N N N M M L K K J J J

5. ___________ is a cell in the sensory organ which detects the stimuli resulting from the changes in the surrounding while __________ is an organ which responds to the stimuli.

A. receptor ; effector B. effector ; receptor C. neurone ; effector D. receptor ; neurone

ANSWER : 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A

3.2 Worksheet.

1. What is neurone ? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

2. What are the similarities between the three types of neurone ? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

3. Fill in the table below.

Structure

Position of cell body Length of axon

In the middle of neurone Long From the sensory neurone

Movement of impulse

to the motor neurone in the central nervous system.

Carries impluses from Function sensory organ / receptor to central nervous system.

Answer : 1. Neurone is the basic unit of nervous system.

2. a) each has a cell body containing nucleus, dendron, dendrite and axon.

b) the main role is to receive and transmit impulses.

3. Fill in the table below.

Structure

Position of cell body Length of axon

In the middle of neurone Short

At the centre of neurone. Changes From the sensory neurone to the motor neurone in the central nervous system.

At the end of neurone. Long From the relay neurone going out from the central nervous system to the muscle / effector.

From the sensory organ/ Movement of impulse the receptor to the central nervous system.

Carries impluses from Function sensory organ / receptor to central nervous system.

Transmits sensory neurone to motor system neurone. cord)

impulses (brain/spinal

Transmit impulses from from central nervous to effector

(muscle/gland)

Lesson Plan 4 4.1 Worksheet When a person touches a hot pot, a reflex action is shown.

Figure 2.1 a) What is a reflex action? b) What is the importance of a persons ability to carry out reflex actions? c) Complete the reflex arc in Figure 2.1 and label its parts. d) What is the effectors in this reflex action? e) Explain how nerve impulse is transmitted to produce the reflex action?

Answer a) A reflex action, also known as a reflex, is a rapid and autonomic response to a stimulus. b) The importance of a persons ability to carry out reflex actions is for protection. c)

d) The effectors in this reflex actions is muscle. e) In a simple reflex arc, a stimulus is detected by a receptor cell, which synapses with a sensory neurone. The sensory neurone carries the impulse from site of the stimulus to the central nervous system (the brain or spinal cord), where it synapses with an interneurone. The interneurone synapses with a motor neurone, which carries the nerve impulse out to an effector, such as a muscle, which responds by contracting.

4.2 Assessment Fill in the blanks 1. The cells and organs that receive internal and external stimuli are called _______. 2. Their function is to receive information from the _______ and _______ environment. 3. ________ is a rapid automatic and involuntary response to a stimulus which is not under the control of the brain. 4. A knee jerk, coughing, yawning, blinking of eyes, sneezing, salivation, movement of diaphragm during breathing are all examples of _________. 5. The nerve pathway involved in a reflex action is called a _________.

Label the diagram below:

f h g i

ANSWER: Fill in the blanks: 1.receptors 2.internal, external 3.reflex action 4. reflex actions 5. reflex arc

Label the diagram: a. dorsal root b. cell body of sensory neuron c. sensory neuron d. receptor e. interneuron f. motor neuron g. vental root h. cell body of motor neuron i. effector

LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING BODY COORDINATION AND COMPONENT PARTS OF THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

Subject Class Date Time

: Science : Form 4 Alfa : 5 October 2011 : 8.20 am 9.00 am (40 minutes)

No. of students : 30 students Learning Area Learning Objective : Body Coordination : 1.1 Understanding Body Coordination 1.2 Understanding the Human Nervous System

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, a student is able to:

A:

Master content knowledge (cognitive) 1. Describe what body coordination. 2. Identify the body systems that control and regulate coordination. 3. State the importance of body coordination. 4. Identify the component parts of the human nervous system.

B:

Master Scientific Skills/TSTS 1. Draw the mind map about the relationship of body coordination and example of

daily lifes activities 2. Give some respond after watching video related to body coordination and human

nervous system. 3. Complete the poster task about the body coordination and human nervous system

regarding their own creativity after some guidelines is given to them 4. Organize the part of central and peripheral nervous system

C:

Demonstrate Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values 1. Be actively participate in carrying out role play activity based on agreed

upon procedures as a team 2. Appreciate the value of time by carrying out the role play briskly and

being on task all the time 3. Able to make correlation between the importances of body coordination

in our sustainable life.

4.

Be rational to explain what body coordination is about.

Scientific concept: Body Coordination: The term coordination:- the act or state of coordinating or of being coordinated. It is also refer to proper order or relationship Harmonious combination or interaction, as of functions or parts. So that, body coordination is about various parts of our body usually work together towards any stimulus around us and from the inside of our body. The human nervous system: i. ii. Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system

The message carried by the nervous system are electrical signals called impulses.

Materials, equipments and resource materials: a. Power point slides ( 1 unit )

b. Video/ role play

c. LCD projector d. White screen

e. White paper (12 unit )

f. Charts/model (2 unit ) g. Marker Pen (3 boxes) h. Quizzes/ Note sheet and worksheet

Consideration of Safety Precautions: All task especially simple role play and poster during learning and learning time is conducted in comfortable space. This enables the movement of students without any problems.

Prior Knowledge: 1.1 - Basic knowledge about body coordination has been introduced in form 3. - Body coordination involves in every human body activities. - All our body system is able to work together harmoniously. - Brain is the master organ of coordination. - Nervous system and endocrine system are responsible in regulating and coordinating our body activities.

1.2 - Our body possesses a complex communication system that is nervous system. - Human nervous system is divided into two major component which are central and peripheral nervous system. - The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli.

Phase

Content

Teaching and Learning Activities Teacher Activities Student Activities to Students watching

Notes

Introduction /Eliciting Ideas (10 minutes)

Examples coordination characteristics

of and

body Make

connection

the Resources: video and 3-D model

its students prior knowledge video. on body coordination by showing the related video and model. After that, a few of

students come in front of the class to make some

Strategy/Technique: Whole class Q&A

Elicit students ideas about role play such dancing, characteristics coordination question. Guide student to form 6 of by body standing on one leg asking blindfolded and running on the spot for a few minutes. respond to

groups consist of 5 students Students should have combination of boys and girls. So that teacher able to evaluate communication skill and how collecting ideas is doing regarding the task

respectively. Each group teachers questions

Structuring/ Ideas (20 minutes)

Characteristics of

body Show a few pictures related Students to is and learning objectives. observation Then ask students what conclusion and is it give some coordination. Students analyzing central guiding differences components

make on

an Resources: and the body 1. Power point slide 2. White paper and maker pen

Restructuring of coordination: - Body divided coordination into

nervous

body coordination is about characteristics of relationship with their own daily life? Ask a

coordination

hormonal coordination. - Nervous controlled coordinated nervous Coordinating by coordinationand the body

make about

an the

3. Quiz sheet

questions:

between An inquiry activity in of human groups.

system. (refer Appendix 1.1) The student is sitting in the group formed while the lecture is given to them. After 15 minute lecture, and piece of white paper and 3 by the different colour of marker body body system. pen:- poster time. like Guide student to make their creative poster. The time taken to complete this task

nervous system. Complete poster. creative connection coordination, daily life. Find sheet. the answer for the on task how of on own to the body human Noble values: Participate actively, appreciate the value of time

activities like walking, looking, writing, talking and reading

Use their

demonstrate

- Hormonal coordination- each group will get one controlled coordinated endocrine Coordinating activities growth,

nervous system with their

question given on quiz

reproduction,

and food digestion. Components of human

is about 10 minutes. The selective group will present their work. QUIZ 1: CROSS WORD

nervous system: - It is divided into central and spinal cord) and peripheral system system). - The messages carried by the nervous system are electrical signals called impulses. ACTIVITY 1: POSTER QUIZ 1: CROSS WORD Application Ideas autonomic nervous and nervous (somatic

nervous system (brain (Refer Appendix 1.2)

of Two stimulus picture is Show another two stimulus Student given: picture in order to see map

complete only

mind Strategy/Techniques in 5 Group discussion

task

(10 minutes)

either

student in

have minutes:

this

task Resources: 1. Power point slides 2. Quiz sheet

understanding

doing responsible to see either

connection between several student have ability to types of pictures. Some organize the input related explaination is given (refer Appendix 1.3 ) Guide activity 2: mind to learning objectives in short time. Students organize their

3. White paper

understanding by answer Noble value MIND map, the mind map should quiz 2. contain example of what MAP Students participate in the they have to jot down, quiz and group work QUIZ 2: objective and importance of body ACTIVITY 2: subjective questions coordination and human nervous work) Gives students. (refer Appendix 1.4) quiz sheet to system. (group

Reflection/ Closure (5 minutes)

Make some reflection on Review LOs body coordination and human nervous system Make an oral quiz between groups.

Students participate in the Resources: Power point quiz. slides and worksheet.

Assigns exercise worksheets: question by

homework giving structured

(refer to Appendix 1.5)

Rancangan Pengajaran Harian 2: Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neurone Subject Class Date Time : Science : Form 4 Alfa : 5 October 2011 : 8.20 am 9.00 am (40 minutes)

No. of students : 30 students Learning Area Learning Objective : Body Coordination : 1.1 Understanding Body Coordination 1.2 Understanding the Human Nervous System Learning objective : The function of human nervous system and component of neurone

At the end of this lesson students should be able to: A: Master content knowledge (cognitive) 1) Specify the functions of each component of the nervous system. 2) States what is nervous system 3) Identify the neurons 4) Provide the functions of each type of neuron

B:

Master Scientific Skills/TSTS

1) 2) 3) C:

be able to see parts of the nervous system of the human body. to label and draw the structure of neurons to differentiate the functions of the neurons in the

Demonstrate Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values 1) can take care of your body organs to function properly 2) does not do the activities that can harm the body. 3) Caring for each part of the body.

Scientific concept: The function of nervous system and component of neurone 1. The central nervous system is the control centre of the body. 2. The peripheral nervous system serves to transmit impulses from the sensory organ or receptor through the central nervous system to the muscle for it to respond. 3. The somatic nervous system controls all the voluntary actions. 4. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions. 5. Neuron is to carry impulses. 6. Neurons have components like body cells, dendron, dendrites, axons and myelin sheath. 7. Body cell contains nucleus and cytoplasm 8. Dendron is a cytoplasm projection which spreads out from the cell body. 9. Dendrite is the small branches of Dendron. 10. Axon is a long projection from the cell body.

11. The myelin sheath is separated by small gaps called nodes of Ranvier.

List of Materials, Equipment/ Technology and Material Resources

Power point slides LCD projector White screen White paper-4paper Marker Pen-4 Quizzes Prepared note sheets Mind map

The prior knowledge of student: - Students can identify the major component of human nervous system - Student can give the example of activities that involve in the nervous system - Neurone is the new topic to student

Phase

Content

Teaching and Learning Activities Teacher activity Student activity provides a 1) Students give

Note

Introduction /Eliciting Ideas (5 minutes)

Structure and

function

1)

Teacher

Refer toDiagram 1 SPS Relating

of the nervous system;a) central nervous system -body control centers

concept map about the topic that will be learn to look back students knowledge about the topic before. 1) Teacher explains the

respond and remember the previous topic.

b) system -transmit

peripheral nervous

function of each system.

2)

Students can function

Communicating Inferring

express each

of the nervous system. impulses from

2)

sense organs to the muscles for the reaction.

Teacher questions about

gives to their 3) the Student can fill in blanks provided Appendix 1

circulation student

understanding for the topic that they learned. Neurons -carry impulses Structuring/ Restructuring Structure and function 1) the Teacher explains function of the

exactly.

1)

Students can list the Slide power point of each

of of the nervous system;-

functions

Ideas (10 minutes)

a)

Central

nervous

components in the central nervous system and peripheral nerves by showing a chart of the system.

component

of

the

system consists of i. Brain-control

nervous system. 2) Students can

all body activities ii. Spinal cord-

identify the components and labeled it.

control reflexes b) Peripheral nervous system consists of i. Somatic nervous 2) the Teachers show diagram of 3) Students can draw Diagram 2

component neurons.

and label correctly each neuron structure.

system controls all the voluntary actions

3)

Teacher

gives

Appendix 2

the structural component of i. Autonomic nervous neuron and asking students to draw and label the structure in 3 minutes. Technique: Recall skills that are

system controls all the involuntary actions Neurone consist of a) Cell body-contains

nucleus and cytoplasm b) Dendron-a cytoplasm the cell body

c) Dendrit-the

taught.

projection

which spreads out from

small

branches of Dendron d) Axonbody e) Myelin sheatha long

projection from the cell

separated by small gaps called nodes of Ranvier Application Ideas (10 minutes) of Functions of neurons is;
1) Cell

of

each

1)

Teacher explains

the of each

1)

Students look

at a of the

Appendix 2

component in the structure

function

diagram ding its function.

component in the structure bodyactivities of neurons by referring at the diagram.

structure while understan

control all of neurons

2)

Students understand

2) Dendron -dendrites that carry im pulses toward the body cell

3) Dendrite

2)

Teachers try to show the of impulses to students better

the teachers explanation and write the important note.

movement make

understands the functions of each component.

receive impulses from o ther neurons and send to the body cell
4) Axon-

dendrites that carry imp ulses from the body cell 5) Myelin sheath-

insulator on axon that prevents the leakage of impulses. It also increases the speed of impulse transmission.

Application

of Group activities

1)

Teacher divid

1)

Students travel to fo

Appendix 3

Ideas ( 10 minutes)

es students into four groups.

ur separate groups

An group

inquiry

activity

2)

Teacher

asks

2)

Students vote to

every groups to have their leader and the leader have to come front to do the voted questions

appoint the head and pull out the questions.

3) 3) Teacher distri

Students

are

required to discuss in their groups. butes a paper for each groups question to be resolved within 5 minutes. 4) 4) Teachers moni Students present the

result in class and bushes by the teacher. tor student activities.

Reflection/ Closure (5 minutes)

Quiz questions 1. What the functions of peripheral nervous system? 2. Central nervous consists of? 3. Give the component of neurone and state their functions.

1)

Teachers assess students' giving

Students discuss in groups Appendix 4 to answer conclude the by stating the idea and communicating with the original idea. Teaching slaid PP SPS Communicating resouces: the quiz and lesson Strategy:

understanding by a short quiz. 2)

Show a summary of the

main Questioning the whole class

main ideas in the slide. 3) Give a reading

assignment for the next title of the types of neurons.

Lesson plan 3 : Subject Class Date Time : Science : Form 4 Alfa : 5 October 2011 : 8.20 am 9.00 am (40 minutes)

No. of students : 30 students Learning Area Learning Objective : Body Coordination : 1.1 Understanding Body Coordination 1.2 Understanding the Human Nervous System Learning objective : The function of human nervous system and component of neurone

At the end of this lesson students should be able to: A: Master content knowledge 1. List the types of neurone. 2. Explain the function for each type of neurone. 3. Compare and contrast the three types of neurone. 4. Define the meaning of receptor and effector.

B:

Master Scientific Skills/TSTS 1. Draw a labelled diagram of the sensory neurone, motor neurone and relay neuron.

2. Discuss in a group the function of each type of neurone and also the similarities and difference. Then students must present their work in the class.

C:

Demonstrate Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values 1. Be actively participate in doing team work. 2. Appreciate the value of time to discuss the task given. 3. Being cooperate with the other students

Phase

Content

Teaching and Learning Activities Teacher Activities Student Activities

Notes

Introduction/Eliciti The main role of neurone Make connection to students Students watching Resources: Video ng Ideas (10 minutes) in human nervous system. prior knowledge by showing the video. the related video.

Elicit students ideas about the main role of neurone by asking question. Students to questions. respond teachers Strategy/Technique: Whole class Q&A

Structuring/ Restructuring

There are three types of Show the concept map and a Students indentify Resources: of neurone : diagram of three neurone to the three types of slide

Power

point

Ideas (40 minutes)

a) Sensory neurone b) Relay neurone c) Motor neurone

the student.

neurone based on its diagram.

The

function

of

each Teacher explains the function of each neurone by referring to the notes on the slide.

Students jot down the additional point on the notes given.

neurone is :

a) Sensory neurone carries impulse from sensory receptor organ to or central

Students may ask the question related Teacher asked a student to to the neurone. read the definition of receptor and effector to the class.

nervous system.

b) Relay transmits

neurone

A student reads the definition receptor effector, of and then

impulses

from sensory neurone to motor neurone.

explain it to the c) Motor transmits neurone class.

impulses

from central nervous system to effector.

The meaning of :

a) Receptor a cell in the sensory organ which detects stimuli resulting changes from in the the

surroundings.

b) c) Effector to the stimuli. an

organ which responds

Application Ideas (20 minutes)

of

Divide groups

the and

students then

into Students gives worksheet groups.

do

the Strategy/ in Techniques : Group discussion Noble values: Participate actively, appreciate the value of time Resources: Power point slides and

worksheet to them.

worksheet.

Reflection/ Closure (10 minutes)

Review learning outcomes.

Resources:

Power

point

slides and worksheet.

Make a short quiz between groups. Students participate in the quiz.

Assigns a task by reading the next sub topic which is the function effectors. of receptors and

Rancangan Pengajaran Harian 4: LESSON 2 : ANALYSING NERVOUS COORDINATION

Subject Class Date Time

: Science : Form 4 Alfa : 5 October 2011 : 8.20 am 9.00 am (40 minutes)

No. of students : 30 students Learning Area Learning objective : Body Coordination : The function of human nervous system and component of neurone

At the end of this lesson students should be able to: Learning Objective : 1. Analysing nervous coordination

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, a student is able to: A: Master content knowledge (cognitive)

State the function of receptors and effectors 1. Explain with examples what a reflex action is 2. Describe a reflex arc 3. Illustrate the path taken by an impulse in the reflex arc.

B:

Master Scientific Skills/TSTS 1. Solve the problems that related to nervous coordination in groups.

C:

Demonstrate Scientific Attitude and Noble Values 1. Being thankful to God 2. Thinking responsible about the safety of oneself, others and the environment 3. Being confident and independent

Scientific concept: The pathway of impulse in the nervous coordination Stimulus receptors central nervous systemeffector response

A rapid and autonomic response to a stimulate is called a reflex action A reflex action that can be carried out rapidly because impulses go through a very short part is called reflex arc.

Materials, equipments and resource materials: Powerpoint slide worksheet

Prior Knowledge: The students has already learned about the component of human nervous system, part of neurone, and also learned function of each type of neurone.

Phase

Content

Teaching and Learning Activities Teacher Activities Students Activities to Students observe

Notes

Introduction/Eliciting Ideas (10 minutes)

What happen when we Make sneezing, and coughing?

connection

the Resources: Picture Strategy/Technique:

students prior knowledge picture on reflection by showing the related picture (refer to APPENDIX 1)

Whole class Q&A

Elicit

students

ideas

about what is reflex action by asking question Students respond to teachers questions

Structuring/

1. State the function Explain what is means by

Resources: Power point

Restructuring Ideas (40 minutes)

of

of

receptors

and receptors, effector, reflex Students action, and reflex observation given. referring to the slide.

make

an slide and

effectors

conclusion on the picture

2. Describe the reflex arc -A simple reflex produces a very fast motor response to a stimulus because the sensory neuron bringing Give a picture of a person information about the touches a hot iron. stimulus passes the information directly to the (refer to APPENDIX 2) motor neuron. Students answer all the question.

Students 3. Illustrate the path taken by an impulse in the reflex arc

show

the

pathway of impulse. Asks the students to show the pathway of impulse

Application of Ideas (10 minutes)

How sweating do happen?

Show problems on slides.

Students solve problems Strategy/Techniques in groups Group discussion

Gives students.

worksheet

to

Resources: Power point slides and worksheet

(refer to APPENDIX)

Reflection/ Closure (5 minutes)

a) Receptors our sensory organs. b) Effectors response c) Reflex arc is is

are Review LOs

Students participate in Resources: Power point the quiz. slides and worksheet.

sensory cells found in

the

Make a quiz between groups.

a homework by giving

reflex action that can be Assigns carried our rapidly exercise because impulses

go worksheets. through a very short (refer to APPENDIX 4) path.

Appendix Lesson Plan 1: APPENDIX 1.1

Q: What is meant by body coordination? A: Is the adjustment of our bodys reaction towards any stimulus around us (like temperature change) and from the inside of our body (like digestion of food). Q: State the activities regulated and coordinated between nervous system and endocrine system. A: Nervous system controls: Senses Memory and thinking Speech Voluntary actions and physical Endocrine system controls: Growth Sexual maturation Level of glucose in blood Amount of water in the body

movements Involuntary actions such as

breathing, heartbeat and digestion

Q: For our body to function well, the conditions inside our body must be kept constant at all time. This requires coordination among various parts of the body. Give one example to show this harmonious interaction. Explain your answer. A: Temperature changes- when it is cold, our hair will stand to trap thicker layer of air as insulation. At the same time less blood will flow to the surface of the body to cut down heat loss.

APPENDIX 1.2

Both photos show several body activities in one time Body Coordination??? Lets force our understanding to appreciate the meaning of life in this

wonderful world. We see with our eyes, smell with our nose, hear with our ears and taste with our tongue. Our body organs need to function or coordinate in order to detect stimuli and consequently react towards stimuli around us and in our body. Did you all realize these before? How are we able to do so many things at the same time? Various parts of our body usually work together to carry out a task. This is called as body coordination. Our body activities are controlled and regulated by two systems of coordination, namely the nervous system and endocrine system.

Our sensory organs enable us to know what is happening around us. They convey information about our surrounding via nerves to our brain. Then the brain then decides how to respond and instruct certain body parts to do so. The ability to respond appropriately to changes in our surroundings is important for our survival.

Besides

that,

can

all

of

us

mention

one

similarity

between

central

nervous

system

and peripheral nervous system? Both of them are

classified as human nervous system that is very important in controlling our body coordination. So that, human nervous system is a complex communication system in our body.

APPENDIX 1.3 STRUCTURE QUESTION: Answer all the question below: 1. Why is body coordination important to us? Explain

___________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]

2. Diagram below shows the part of central nervous system

R: .

S U

T: ..

a) Name R and T in the space provided above.

.. [2 marks]

b) i) State one function of R

.. [1 mark]

ii) Give one example of an action that is controlled by S and U respectively

[2 mark]

Lesson Plan 2: APPENDIX 2.1 System Peripheral nervous system Function 1. 2. Carry impulses .. 3. . . body control centers

APPENDIX 2.2 Draw and label the structure of neurons as components of a given
Cell body Axon Myelin sheath

Dendron

Dendrit

APPENDIX 2.3 Group 1 Answer Your group will describe examples of the activities of the nervous system and draw and label the neurons 2 Your group will explain the functions and parts

of central nervous system 3 Your group will explain the function and parts

of peripheral nervous system 4 Your group will explain the functions and components of neurons

Lesson Plan 4: APPENDIX 4.1

Im suffering!

How could this happen? Do we can control it?

How is sneezing happen?

Sneezing is a largely reflexive act that usually occurs when something irritates your nasal passageways. As with all reflexes, sneezing involves a reflex arc consisting of a receptor, a sensory nerve, an integration center, a motor nerve and an effectors. Here's what happens:

The receptors, which are nerve endings in your nasal passageways, detect an irritant. This irritant might be an unusual smell, dust, animal dander, pepper, viruses that attack the mucous membranes or a variety of other substances.

Nerves carry these impulses to the sneezing center in your brain stem. The sneezing center sends its instructions along your facial nerve and the nerves that lead to your lungs and diaphragm.

Your eyes start to water, and your nasal passageways secrete fluid. Your diaphragm moves abruptly, causing you to take a deep breath. Then, it and the muscles in your chest contract, causing the air to leave your nose and mouth suddenly and rapidly.

How is coughing happen? The cough reflex arc is complex . Controlled by its nerve center in the medulla, the reflex arc is served by afferent fibers of the vagus, trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, and phrenic nerves.Stimuli to tissue innervated by these nerves may precipitate the cough response. Cough receptors are located in the bronchi, diaphragm, external auditory canal, larynx, nose, paranasal sinuses , pericardium, pharynx, pleura, stomach, trachea and tympanic membrane. The efferent pathway of this arc stems from the medullary center through the vagus, phrenic, and spinal motor nerves, which innervate the intrinsic and accessory muscles of respiration. The act of coughing involves synchronous participation of a number of muscles during the inspiratory and expiratory phases. During inspiration, the glottis opens, bronchioles enlarge, and lungs expand with the help of the diaphragm and the thoracic and abdominal muscles. Thus, the lungs are stretched and ready for recoil. Frequent, paroxysmal coughing is particularly distressing to patients and others in their environment and disrupts work and sleep. Conclusion Reflex action Coughing sneezing. Stimulus Receptor Response Sudden contraction of diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles causing a violent expiration to blow irritant material out.

and Irritant material Chemoreceptors on mucosa of airways

APPENDIX 4.2

Sweat is a great cooling system.... What happen if you sweating a lot on a hot day? or after playing hard?

ANSWER:

If you sweating a lot on a hot day, you could be losing too much water through your skin. Then you need to put liquid back in your body by drinking plenty of water so you won't get dehydrated. How the sweating happen? It happens when the heat energy in the body is used to convert the water in sweat to vapour cooling down the body. The hypothalamus acts as a thermostat and receives nerve impulses from heat and cold thermoreceptors in the skin.There are also receptors in the hypothalamus- called central thermoreceptors. The thermoreceptors will detect changes in blood temperature. It is causes vasodilation sweating. The diagram below show what happen in our skin.

Conclusion Reflex action Stimulus Increased temperature body Receptors Response Increased Thermoreceptors surface down. sweat

Sweating

release to cool body