Substation Grounding

Substation Grounding- Sahadeo
Latchmepersad, T&TEC 1
T&T Subsection
Local IAS Chapter
GROUNDING-DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
Saturday 12
th
November 2005
Presented by
Eng. Sahadeo Latchmepersad, MIEEE, MAPETT, R. Eng.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Trinidad and
Tobago Electricity
Commission
Range of Large Industrial
Customers
Rate D3- 4-25 MVA at
33, 66 or 132 kV
Rate E > 25 MVA at
66 or 132kV
Transmission
B.C/Union Estate
Schematic
Objectives of Grounding
To provide means to carry electric
currents to earth under normal and
fault conductors without exceeding any
operating and equipment limits or
adversely affecting continuity of service.
Objectives of Grounding-
To ensure that a person in the vicinity
of grounded facilities is not exposed to
the danger of critical electric shock.
Basic Shock Situations
BRIGHTON 66kV
SUBSTATION
Ventricular Fibrillation
The most dangerous consequence of
electric current passing through the
vital parts of a human body is a heart
condition ventricular fibrillation
immediate arrest of blood circulation.
Design Algorithm
Measuring Soil Resistivity
Procedure depends on the instrument
Soil Resistivity Calculation
= 2 x Pi x a x R
Where R is Maximum
measured Value
Tolerable Step Voltage
Step Voltage Limit 50 kg
E
Step 50
= (1000 + 6 C
s

s
) 0.116
t
s
E
Step 70
= (1000 + 6 C
s

s
) 0.157
t
s
Tolerable Touch Voltage Limit
E
touch50
= (1000 + 1.5 C
s
s
) 0.116
t
s
E
touch70
= (1000 + 1.5 C
s
s
) 0.157
t
s
Constants
C
s
= 1 [0.09 (1 - /
s
)]
[2 h
s
+ 0.09]
= soil resitivity

s
= surface layer resistivity
T
s
= duration of shock current in
seconds including clearance time of
circuit breaker plus relay
Conductor Sizing
I = A
mm
2
[TCAP.10
-4
] Ln K
o
+ T
m
[t
c

r

r
] K
o
+ T
a
Grid Resistance
burial of depth the is h
conductor of length total the is
/ 20 1
1
1
20
1 1
T
T
g
L
y resistivit soil the is Where
A h A
L
R
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ + =
Calculated Step Voltage
E
s
= K
s
K
i
I
G
L
s
L
s
= 0.75L
c
+ 0.85 L
R
Calculated Mesh Voltage
E
m
= K
m
K
i
I
G
Where
L
M
L
m
= L
c
+ 1.55 +1.22 L
r
L
R
L
X
2
+ L
y
2
L
R
= total length of ground rods
L
c
= length of conductor
Earthing Designs
Nitrogen 2000 66kV Substation
Output file
Nitrogen 2000 substation
Exothermic Joints
Step 1
Position clean, dry cables in mold and
close clamp.
Insert disk, insert pour weld metal and
starter material into crucible, and ignite to
form the weld.
Remove finished connection.
Clean mold
FENCE EARTHING
1. Inclusion of the fence within the
ground grid area. Under this
philosophy, the perimeter conductor of
the grid will parallel the fence at a short
distance of 1.0m outside. The crushed
rock covering will also be required
outside the fence.
FENCE EARTHING
2. Placement of the fence outside the
ground grid area with close electric
coupling between fence and adjacent
earth along its length, but with no
electrical tie between the fence and the
main station grid
ANSI STANDARD 80-2000 Date: November 11, 2005
Date:
Line-to-line Voltage V 66000 Volts Touch voltage limit E touch 70 1792 Volts
Maximum fault curent HV side 20000 Amps Step voltage limit E step 70 5678 Volts
Maximum Fault Current LV side 20000 Amps
Soil resistivity
15

m Touch voltage limit E touch 50 1324 Volts
Substation Length L 34 metre Step voltage limit E step 50 4195 Volts
Substation Width W 30 metre
Spacing D 4 metre GPR = 4944 Volts
Number of ground rods 28 Ea Em= 606 Volts
Length of ground rod 2.44 metres Es= 619 Volts
Depth of grid burial h 0.5 metres
Fault Duration t
f
0.1 s Length of 4/0 Copper Required 574 metres
Current Division Factor S
f
1 Size of Copper d = 0.01 metres
X/R Ratio 7.20 No. of Copper Rods 28 Ea
Crushed Rock Resistivity
s
2500

m
Ambient temp T
a
40
o
C
Grid Resistance 0.23

Thickness of crushed rock h
s
0.102 metres
Grid shape (Square=S,
Rect.=R, L- shaped=L) r
Substation L-shape Length l 0 metre
Substation L-shape width w 0 metre
50kg Design O.K
70kg Design O.K
INPUT DATA RESULTS
T&TEC Grounding Program
Development Program
AutoGrid Pro
Connection to Customers
Substation
Fence eathing
Number of Tails
Increased area-lower Rg
Increased amount of copper
The End
Questions?
Thank You

Substation Grounding

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Substation Grounding

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Substation Grounding- Sahadeo

You might also like