RR Puri MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF QUANTUM OPTICS Beri: Springer, 2001, pp. XIIL*285 This book provides an accessible introduction to the mathematical methods of quantum opties. Starting from first principles, it reveals how a given system of atoms and a field is mathematically modelled. The method of eigenfunction expansion and the Lie algebraic method for solving equations are outlined, Analytically exactly solvable classes of equations are identified. The text also discusses consequences of Lic algebraic properties of Hamiltonians, such as the classification of their states as coherent, classical or non-classical based on the generalized uncertainty relation and the concept of quasiprobability distributions. A unified approach is developed for determining the dynamics of two-level and a three- level atom in combinations of quantized fields under certain conditions. Simple methods for solving a variety of linear and nonlinear dissipative master equations are given. Contents 1, Basic Quantum Mechanics 1 1 Postulates of Quantum Mechanics I 1.1.1 Postulate 1 1 1.1.2 Postulate 2 i 1.1.3 Postulate 3 1 1.1.4 Postulate 4 i 1.1.5 Postulate 5 13 1.2 Geometric Phase 16 1.2.1 Geometric Phase of'a Harmonie Oscillator 18 1.2.2 Geometric Phase of a Two-Level System 18 1.2.3 Geometric Phase in Adiabatic Evolution 18 1.3 Time-Dependent Approximation Method 19 1.4 Quantum Mechanies of a Composite System 20 1.5 Quantum Mechanics of a Subsystem and Density Operator 21 1.6 Systems of One and Two Spin-l/2s 2B 1.7 Wave-Particle Duality 26 1.8 Measurement Postulate and Paradoxes of Quantum Theory 29 1.8.1 The Measurement Problem 30 1.8.2 Schrédinger’s Cat Paradox 31 1.8.3 EPR Paradox 32 1,9 Local Hidden Variables Theory 34 2. Algebra of the Exponential Operator 37 2.1 Parametric Differentiation of the Exponential 37 2.2 Exponential of a Finite-Dimensional Operator 38 2.3 Lie Algebraic Similarity Transformations 39 2.3.1 Harmonie Oscillator Algebra an 2.3.2 The SUQ) Algebra 2 2.3.3 The SU(,1) Algebra 43 2.3.4 The SU(m) Algebra 45The SU(m, n) Algebra 2.4 Disentangling an Exponential 2.4.1 The Harmonic Oscillator Algebra 2.4.2 The SUQ) Algebra 2.4.3 SUC.) Algebra 2.5 Time-Ordered Exponential Integral 5.1 Harmonic Oscillator Algebra 2.5.2 SU(2) Algebra 2.5.3 The SUC, 1) Algebra 3. Representations of Some Lie Algebras 3.1 Representation by Eigenvectors and Group Parameters 3.1.1 Bases Constituted by Eigenvectors 3.1.2 Bases Labeled by Group Parameters 3.2 Representations of Harmonic Oscillator Algebra 3.2.1 Orthonormal Bases 3.2.2 Minimum Uncertainty Coherent States 3.3 Representations of SU(2) 3.3.1 Orthonormal Representation 3.3.2 Minimum Uncertainty Coherent States 3.4 Representations of SU(I, 1) 3.4.1 Orthonormal Bases 3.4.2 Minimum Uncertainty Coherent States 4, Quasiprobabilities and Non-classical States 4.1 Phase Space Distribution Functions 42 Phase Space Representation of Spins 4.3 Quasiprobabilitiy Distributions for Eigenvalues of Spin Components 4.4 Classical and Non-classical States 4.4.1 Non-classical States of Electromagnetic Field 4.4.2 Non-classical States of Spin-V/2s 5. Theory of Stochastic Processes 5.1 Probability Distributions 5.2 Markov Processes 5.3 Detailed Balance 54 Livuville aud Fokker-Planck Eyuations 5.4.1 Liouville Equation 5.4.2 The Fokker-Planck Equation 5.5 Stochastic Differential Equations 5.6 Linear Equations with Additive Noise 5.7 Linear Equations with Multiplicative Noise 5.7.1 Univariate Linear Multiplicative Stochastic Differential Equations 5.7.2 Multivariate Lincar Muliplicative Stochastic Differential Equations 5.8 The Poisson Process 5.9 Stochastic Differential Equation Driven by Random Telegraph Noise 6. The Electromagnetic Field6.1 Free Classical Field 6.2 Field Quantization 6.3 Statistical Properties of Classical Field 6.3.1 First-Order Correlation Function 6.3.2 Second-Order Correlation Function 6.3.3 Higher-Order Correlations 3.4 Stable and Chaotic Fields 64 Statistical Properties of Quantized Field 6.4.1 First-Order Correlation 6.4.2 Second-Order Correlation 6.4.3 Quantized Coherent and Thermal Fields 6.5 Homodyned Detection 6.6 Spectrum 7. Atom— Field Interaction Hamiltonians 7.1 Dipoie Interaction 7.2 Rotating Wave and Resonance Approximations, 73 Two-Level Atom 7.4 Three-[evel Atom 7.5 Effective Two-Level Atom 7.6 Multi-channel Models 7.7 Parametric Processes 7.8 Cavity QED 7.9 Moving Atom 8. Quantum Theory of Damping 8.1 The Master Fquation 8.2 Solving a Master Equation 8.3 Multi-Time Average of System Operators 8.4 Bath of Harmonic Oscillators 8.4.1 Thermal Reservoir 8.4.2 Squeezed Reservoir 8.4.3 Reservoir of the Electromagnetic Field 8.5 Master Equation for a Harmonic Oscillator 8.6 Master Equation for Two-Level Atoms 8.6.1 Two-Level Atunt in a Monocluouatic Fiekd 8.6.2 Collisional Damping 8.7 Master Equation for a Three-Level Atom 8.8 Master Equation for Field Interacting with a Reservoir of Atoms 9. Linear and Nonlinear Response of a System in an External Field 9.1 Steady State of a System in an External Field 9.2 Optical Susceptibility 9.3 Rute of Absorption of Energy 9.4 Response in a Fluctuating Field 10. Solution of Linear Equati 10.1 Eigenvalues and E; ‘Method of Eigenvector Expansion vectors, 119 121 123 125 126 126 127 130 131 132 132 134 135 137 137 140 144 145 146 149 150 151 153 155 155 160 162 163 164 166 167 168 170 i 12 173 174 177 7 179 181 183 185 186