1.0 Introduction Malaysia is a rich country in natural treasures gifted by God in this blessed land .

Petroleum, natural gas, coal and tropical rain forest are amongst the treasurer gift. Renewable energy is something not new in this era. Sun light, wind and waves energy can be use to produce additional energy of electricity to cover the daily usage. River, for example, is a natural resource with high potential to produce electrical energy supply security, no pollution and the more cost-effective. Today, electricity energy is important for the various sectors in this country. Nowadays, country is well experiencing a with a growing problem of electricity shortage. Electricity typically used in our daily lives, whether domestic or industrial use. As logically if a power failure even for a moment it will lead to significant losses, especially in the industrial sector. Therefore, a long-term planning need to consider avoiding blackouts is to build hydroelectric dams to generate electricity as continuously. Although there are many other alternatives exist, but the construction of the dam could give better results than other alternatives. However, the construction of dams can also be a negative impact, particularly on the environment. 1.1 Hydro-Electric Power station Hydroelectric dams is operated using a kinetic energy of water to turn the power turbine. The main components of hydroelectric power stations is the dam (dam), the artificial lake (reservoir), the control gate (control gate), inlet (intake), gate (Penstock), turbine (turbine), outlet (outflow), power (generators), transformers (transformer), powerhouse and transmission line (power line). Dams built to store water for gravity pressure to rotate the turbine. Built the dam structure has a thickness divided base of the dam to withstand the force of water pressure at the base of the dam. When the dam is built then there is the artificial lake. Water from this artificial lake artificial lake named. Water from this artificial lake called gravitational potential energy. Since the position of the lake level is higher then the gravitational potential energy is able to turn the turbine generator set is based dam. Generator consists of four main base shaft, executor, rotor and stator. When the turbine rotates due to the flow of water from the dam, executor will send an electric current to the rotor. The rotor is a series of large electromagnetic coils of copper wire

turns, called the stator. The effects of rotor rotation is causing electromagnetic induction to produce electric current is produced and AC. AC voltage transformer is increasing by hydroelectric power. The next high ac voltage transmission lines are sent out via the National Grid Station. Therefore, the water will flow out from turbine to the river.

1.2 Objective This case study is carried out to know how related it is ethical manner towards on engineering field. Another factor is to analyze on how codes of ethic can be implemented in engineering cases such this case study. Then, this case study also to carry out a solution on how to prevent unethical manner in any circumstances also the way to solve it.

1.3 Problem statement To ensure the electricity distribution power is sufficiently to support a country usage the dam has to build up to prevent insufficient of power electricity of energy. With the growing of demand for clean sustainable energy globally of Malaysias as continuously ,therefore, the Government since the 1970's has conducted a series of feasibility studies and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on the Bakun River upstream Balui Rejang River Shipyard. Electricity generated from Bakun project will be used for industrial development under the Sarawak Corridor of agenda Renewable Energy (SCORE), especially for heavy industrial use that has been identified. With installed capacity (installed capacity) up to 2,400 MW, the Bakun project was the largest contributor to the success of the SCORE development that require a secure supply of electricity and viable (sustainability). However this project is just not give an benefit to a country, it also has a few drawbacks when the project is carry out. In order to produce more hydropower, ecologically all river water is used, so the dilemma comes out and remains one of whether the benefits of industrialization outweighs the costs to the environment. The dams built project is basically is related to the environmental and

the ecological problems. Deforestation will occurs , limited land is available ,land fertility is poor and depopulation of upper Balui creates a vacuum which may be filled by squarters and illegal immigrants. 1.4 Background History The Bakun Hydroelectric Power Dam, which is located on the Balui River in Sarawak, Malaysia, will have an ultimate installed capacity of 2400MW comprising 4x300MW turbines in the first phase and 4x300MW turbines in the second phase.The Bakun project would obviate the use of coal, natural gas or oil for power generation, thereby saving on import costs, permitting more of these resources to be exported and provide Malaysians with emission free clean energy. Bakun dams is a dams which is built by concrete mix will be the highest rock in the world, Sea of Malaysia's largest man-made and also Malaysia's largest dams. Imagine that the size of the dams is equally same to the state of Singapore. Peninsular Malaysia would receive a total of 1.600 MV than the amount of electric power generated by the Bakun dams with a coaching seabed cable that connects Kuching and Johor. The cost has been coaching near to RM7.3 milliard, which is the earlier cost is RM3 to 4 milliard. Moreover, seabed cables that will be fostered as much as RM10 milliard requiring boarding. However, the effort and plan to develop seabed cable has been canceled due to the withdrawal of some of the IT infrastructure of whitewash in this project. Among them are Sime Darby. Therefore, all the energy generated by the Bakun Dam is owned by Sarawak and Sabah. In fact, this situation causes Sarawak have excess energy reserves, while West Malaysia is facing power shortages. To replace 1,600 MW of energy should be supplied by the Bakun Dam, the government should upgrade the power stations of coal found in Peninsular Malaysia, or start a nuclear power project. Malaysia-China Hydro (MCH) is the main contractor for the the Bakun National Hydroelectric Project. Following approval from the Ministry of finance in 2002, the mega project is led by Sime Engineering Sdn Bhd via a Joint Venture with Sinohydro Corporation of the Peoples Republic of China.The other consortium partners are; WCT Engineering Services Berhad, MTD Capital Berhad, Ahmad Zaki Resources Sdn Bhd, Syarikat Ismail Ibrahim Sdn Bhd, Edward and Sons (EM) Sdn Bhd.

1.41 Construction process The Bakun Dam is a Concrete Faced Rock fill Dam (CFRD). To build it the engineers had to first divert the river around the area where the dam was built. This was done by routing the river through tunnels that are driven through one side of the valley around the construction area. In order to divert the river, a small dam, called the upstream cofferdam was built upstream from the main construction area. This acted as a barrier to the river and caused it to flow through the diversion tunnels. Another cofferdam, called the downstream cofferdam was built downstream of the main dam site to prevent water flowing back into the construction area. Pumps were used to remove any excess water that seeped through the cofferdams into the construction site. Concrete Faced Rock fill Dams require a footing or plinth to be constructed around their upstream edge. The plinth, built with reinforced concrete, serves as a foundation for the dam walls and floor. Associated civil works such as the powerhouse, power tunnels, power intake and spillways were also built as essential structures of the hydroelectric scheme. When the dam is completed the diversion tunnels will be closed and the reservoir will begin to fill; two of the diversion tunnels are then blocked off by the construction of a concrete plugs. The third contains a water release outlet so water can be released to provide continuous and controlled river water flow for downstream users of the dam during filling of the reservoir. In August 2003, rock blasting operations began to excavate an anticipated volume of 26 million cubic meters of material to build the 207 meter high Concrete Faced Rock fill Dam with design volume of 15.5 million cubic meters of graded rock fill. However, due to geological conditions, it was increased to 43 million cubic meters of excavation to produce approximately 17 million cubic meters of graded rock fill material for the construction of the dam. The Bakun dam is 207 metres high with an approximate crest length of 748 metres and a fill volume of 117 million cubic metres.The face of this Concrete Face Rock fill Dam is essentially a slab of concrete placed against rockfill on the upstream slope that extends from the dam crest to the plinth.Excavation of earth and soil was carried out before the plinth is constructed from concrete.

References
1. MCH. (2011, JUNE 20). Malaysian future in clean energy. Retrieved April

15, 2012, from MCH website: www.bakundam.com 2. Thien, T. (1999, November 20). malaysia kini news. Retrieved 4 15, 2012, from Malaysia Kini website: //www.mkini.blogspot.com 3. Strickland, Simon (1986) Long term development of Kejaman

subsistence: An ecological study. Sarawak Museum Journal 36: 117-171.