Table of Content No. 1 2 3 3.

1 4 5 6 7 8 Content Background Technological Definition Application Application Tools Future Prospects Business Value Limitation Conclusion Reference Page 2-3 3 4 5 5 5-6 6-7 7 8

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1. Background The term "Web 2.0" was coined in January 1999 by Darcy DiNucci, a consultant on electronic information design (information architecture). In her article, "Fragmented Future", DiNucci writes: The Web we know now, which loads into a browser window in essentially static screen fulls, is only an embryo of the Web to come. The first glimmerings of Web 2.0 are beginning to appear, and we are just starting to see how that embryo might develop. The Web will be understood not as screenfulls of text and graphics but as a transport mechanism, the ether through which interactivity happens. It will [...] appear on your computer screen, [...] on your TV set [...] your car dashboard [...] your cell phone [...] hand-held game machines [...] maybe even your microwave oven. Her use of the term deals mainly with Web design, aesthetics, and the interconnection of everyday objects with the Internet; she argues that the Web is "fragmenting" due to the widespread use of portable Web-ready devices. Her article is aimed at designers, reminding them to code for an ever-increasing variety of hardware. As such, her use of the term hints at, but does not directly relate to, the current uses of the term. The term Web 2.0 did not resurface until 2002. These authors focus on the concepts currently associated with the term where, as Scott Dietzen puts it, "the Web becomes a universal, standards-based integration platform".John Robb wrote: "What is Web 2.0? It is a system that breaks with the old model of centralized Web sites and moves the power of the Web/Internet to the desktop." In 2003, the term began its rise in popularity when O'Reilly Media and MediaLive hosted the first Web 2.0 conference. In their opening remarks, John Battelle and Tim O'Reilly outlined their definition of the "Web as Platform", where software applications are built upon the Web as opposed to upon the desktop. The unique aspect of this migration, they argued, is that "customers are building your business for you". They argued that the activities of users generating content (in the form of ideas, text, videos, or pictures) could be "harnessed" to create value. O'Reilly and Battelle contrasted Web 2.0 with what they called "Web 1.0". They associated Web 1.0 with the business models of Netscape and the Encyclopdia Britannica Online. For example, Netscape framed "the web as platform" in terms of the old software paradigm: their flagship product was the web browser, a desktop application, and their strategy was to use their dominance in the browser market to establish a market for high-priced server products. Control over standards for displaying content and applications in the browser would, in theory, give Netscape the kind of market power enjoyed by Microsoft in the PC market. Much like the "horseless carriage" framed the automobile as an extension of the familiar; Netscape promoted a "webtop" to replace the desktop, and planned to populate that webtop with information updates and applets pushed to the webtop by information providers who would purchase Netscape servers. In short, Netscape focused on creating software, updating it on occasion, and distributing it to the end users. O'Reilly contrasted this with Google, a company that did not at the time focus on producing software, such as a browser, but instead on providing a service based on data such as the links Web page authors make between sites. Google exploits this user-generated content to offer Web search based on reputation through its "PageRank" algorithm. Unlike software, which undergoes scheduled releases, such services are constantly updated, a process called "the perpetual beta". A similar difference can be seen between the Encyclopdia Britannica Online and Wikipedia: while the Britannica relies upon experts to create

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articles and releases them periodically in publications, Wikipedia relies on trust in anonymous users to constantly and quickly build content. Wikipedia is not based on expertise but rather an adaptation of the open source software adage "given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow", and it produces and updates articles constantly. O'Reilly's Web 2.0 conferences have been held every year since 2003, attracting entrepreneurs, large companies, and technology reporters. In terms of the lay public, the term Web 2.0 was largely championed by bloggers and by technology journalists, culminating in the 2006 TIME magazine Person of The Year (You). That is, TIME selected the masses of users who were participating in content creation on social networks, blogs, wikis, and media sharing sites. In the cover story, Lev Grossman explains: It's a story about community and collaboration on a scale never seen before. It's about the cosmic compendium of knowledge Wikipedia and the million-channel people's network YouTube and the online metropolis MySpace. It's about the many wresting power from the few and helping one another for nothing and how that will not only change the world but also change the way the world changes. Since that time, Web 2.0 has found a place in the lexicon; in 2009 Global Language Monitor declared it to be the one-millionth English word.

2. Technological Definition Web 2.0 is term that was introduced in 2004 and refers to the second generation of the World Wide Web. The term "2.0" comes from the software industry, where new versions of software programs are labeled with an incremental version number. Like software, the new generation of the Web includes new features and functionality that was not available in the past. However, Web 2.0 does not refer to a specific version of the Web, but rather a series of technological improvements. Just a few years ago, the Internet was primarily used for one-way interaction. Anyone with Internet access could go online and get information, products, or services they needed. Fast forward to 2007, and many Web users are now enjoying activities such as tagging, blogging, and podcasting. This more collaborative, two-way Internet phenomenon is often referred to as Web 2.0. Web 2.0 can be defined as the philosophy of mutually maximizing collective intelligence and added value for each participant by formalized and dynamic information sharing and creation. Web 2.0 (or Web 2) is the popular term for advanced Internet technology and applications including blogs, wikis, RSS and social bookmarking. According to en.wikipedia.org the term "Web 2.0 (2004-present) is commonly associated with web applications that facilitate interactive information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design, and collaboration on the World Wide Web. www.capilanou.ca explains it as, Web 2.0 refers to the second generation of the Web, which enables people with no specialized technical knowledge to create their own websites, to self-publish, create and upload audio and video files, share photos and information and complete a variety of other tasks. -3-

3. Application of Web 2.0

Blogging - A simple, easy-to-use Web publishing platform Ajax and other new technologies - A programming tool for writing web-based applications that makes them faster and more dynamic, like traditional PCbased apps Google Base and other free Web services RSS-generated syndication - A protocol that syndicates and distributes content to users who subscribe to it Social Bookmarking Social media: Tools that allow voting and other democratic techniques for identifying and ranking content Mash-ups - Tools that combine data drawn from two different sources Wikis and other collaborative applications - A tool that lets groups of people collaborate on documents In Dynamic site as opposed to static site content Interactive encyclopedias and dictionaries Ease of data creation, modification or deletion by individual users Advanced gaming. Tagging: User-generated keywords that help others identify and find content XML: A computer protocol that makes information easier to share between applications

Some Examples are:

Digg Digg is a technology news website that combines social bookmarking, blogging, RSS, and non-hierarchical editorial control. With digg, users submit stories for review, but rather than allow an editor to decide which stories go on the homepage, the users do. Flickr Flickr - almost certainly the best online photo management and sharing application in the world - has two main goals: 1. We want to help people make their photos available to the people who matter to them. 2. We want to enable new ways of organizing photos. Gmail Gmail is an experiment in a new kind of webmail, built on the idea that you should never have to delete mail and you should always be able to find the message you want. Google Maps Maps are great for getting around, but online maps could be a lot better. So Google decided to make dynamic, interactive maps that are draggable no clicking and waiting for graphics to reload each time you want to view the adjacent parts of a map.

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3.1 Application Tools used in WEB 2.0: Adobe Flash Asynchronous JavaScript YUI Library Dojo Toolkit MooTools jQuery JSON Document Object Model (DOM) Adobe Flex Languages PHP, Ruby, Perl, Python and JSP

4. Future Prospects Web 2.0 will be 10 megabits of bandwidth all the time It will be the full video Web, and that will feel like Web 3.0 The applications are relatively small, The data is in the cloud The applications can run on any device, PC or mobile phone, The applications are very fast and theyre very customizable. The applications are distributed virally: literally by social networks, by email. You wont go to the store and purchase them Applications which are pieced together the creation of high-quality content and services

5. Business Value Reduced development and maintenance costs. The Web 2.0 technology stack eliminates the need to install client software, enabling companies to leverage the Internet more cost-effectively. No need to develop multiple client software. An organization can deploy the same version of a web 2.0 application to all its users, across heterogeneous client configurations and network connection types. This eliminates the need to develop and maintain multiple client software versions. Reduced operations costs. All clients gain access to new or updated business application immediately upon connecting with a serverno installation is required. Improved responsiveness to business drivers. The Web 2.0 technology stack empowers development teams to respond more quickly to changing business needs and shorten time-to-market for applications. No need of technical knowledge - Blogging enables normal business users to participate web content development without knowing anything about technology. As a result, it enabled an entire new way of marketing that is able to reach more people deeper at a much lower costs than ever before. Wikis, on the other side, enable new ways of collaboration that is previously only possible with expensive proprietary software.

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More power at business users hand - The emergence of situational applications is likely to have an even more profound impact. Business users who traditionally have to rely on enterprise IT teams now have more power at hand than ever. Companies have traditionally boosted their productivity by improving the efficiency of transformational activities (like the extraction of raw materials) or of transactions (for instance, the work of the clerks in the accounts-payable function). But, the old strategies for efficiency improvements dont apply to employees whose jobs mostly involve tacit interactions; instead, a company must boost these workers productivity by making them more effective at what they do. Companies will increasingly need to deploy technology that makes shared data, information, and expertise available in real time; to offer decision support tools that help workers. That also helps improving the ability of employees, customers, and suppliers to interact; and to offer effective collaboration tools for multiparty work flows. Some Examples are:

Writeboard Writeboards are sharable, Web-based text documents that let you save every edit, go back to any version, and compare changes. This is ideal for business documents that have multiple reviewers, as it can track all changes and versions and can be accessed from any location via a Web browser. Skype According to telecom analyst Albert Lin at American Technology Research, one million people worldwide, 300,000 of them in the United States, will rely on Skype as their primary means of business communication in 2007. Skype is a peer-to-peer Voice over IP network that includes, among other things, free voice and video conferencing. Basecamp Basecamp is a project management Web application that is tailored to improve the communication between people working together on a project. It can be client-facing and can act as a hub for all project-related activities. Blogs In addition to the plethora of personal blogs on the Web, a number of businesses and corporations are getting into the blogging act, posting blogs to their companys Websites. GMs FastLane Blog, Microsofts Xbox Live blog, and even Symantecs own Security Response Weblog are examples of business blogs.

6. Limitation Not User Friendly: Although some of the sites are actually build to be accessed and worked on using mobiles, none of them are particularly user friendly. Limited Storage: All of the sites provides limited amount of photos/videos and text. Blogs, webpages, WIKIs uses storage site like Flickr to store multimedia. Problem when Browsing with Phone: Some of the sites that are not specifically set up for use via mobile phone have too much information on

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their front page. This then leads to problems with downloading the page and scrolling. Students get frustrated because of the misuse or lack of use of tools The cost of Web 2.0 infrastructure, personnel, training, and ongoing access are estimated to exceed billions of dollars every year A lack of an effective Web 2.0 Internet safety curriculum is a concern since much of the current available material is Web 1.0 based. A coordinated approach to provide that (curriculum) is necessary Web 2.0 does not represent new technology. New applications popping up all over. It makes too easy for the average person to affect online content and that, as a result, the credibility, ethics and even legality of Web content could suffer. Various Web 2.0 platforms such as blogs can host exploits and become distribution points for links to fraudulent Web sites, malicious code, and other security threats, such as spyware. The possibility of the content being vandalized or pasting of copyrighted material by the visitors to the site. It offers anonymity to the person who edits the content. This advantage can be exploited by a person who wants to publish some malicious content. The possibility of incorrect information into the virtual world can never be ruled out.

7. Conclusion Web 2.0 is a merging of technologies, people, and attitude that has created an important shift in the way we think about and use the Internet. There are many ways that Web 2.0 can be used to benefit businesses by saving them time and money, and offering a new mode of interaction with customers. However, Web 2.0 takes advantage of many emerging technologies that could leave your business vulnerable, so enjoy the benefits Web 2.0 has to offer, but make sure to do it with security in mind.

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