English Guide

1 Subject Pronouns "O" I You He She It We You They Auxiliar Verb "Be" am are is is is are are are (Present)

Always complete the blanks!!

Formula: O + Be + Complement. or " Im fine, thank you". or "Youre from Italy". or "______ in the classroom". or "___________ Helen Samuels". or "____________". or "We_______________". or "___________________ workers". or "___________ American".

fine, thank you. from Italy. in the classroom. Helen Samuels. blue. students. the new workers. American.

2 Verb "Be" Negative I am + not = You are + not = He is + not = She is + not = It is + not = We are + not = You are + not = They are + not = 3 Verb "Be" Interrogative

Formula: O + Be + not + complement. (Nota: am y not no se pueden unir) Im not fine. You _________ Italian. __________ at the bus stop. She isnt with Mrs. Roberts. It _______ cold today. We arent near the hotel. You _________ married. _______________ from The U.S.A. Formula: Be + O + complement? Short answers: Yes, I am Yes, you are Yes, ______ Yes, ______ Yes, ______ Yes, ______ Yes, _______ Yes, ________

Am + I Are + you Is + he Is + she Is + it Are + we Are + You Are + They

Am I in Oak Street? ________ a taxi driver? ______ the old teacher? _______ a good cook? Is it a nice restaurant? _______ good actresses? Are you in my class? ________ engineers?

No, Im not No, you _______ No, he isnt No, _________ No, _________ No, we arent No, __________ No, they arent

NOTA: Los pronombres I, You, He, She e It son singulares y los pronombres We, You y They son plurales. I am an Austrailian citizen. You arent a nurse. Is he ___ negative boy? She isnt ___ manager. It is ___ nice dress. We are foreign students. Are you Spanish citizen__? They arent any musician__.

4 Pronouns

Possessive Adjectives my your his her its our your their ___ teacher is from Japan. Is this your red pencil? ____ Mum is an architect. Her names Caroline. The bird feeds ____ chicks. Our school is in the City Centre. My father doesnt like _____ friends. ______ magazines are in German.

I You He She It We You They

5 Question Words WhWhat (Qu / Cual) ______ is your name? Who (Quien) ____ is your uncle? When (Cuando) _____ is your birthday? Where (En dnde) ______ do you live? Which (Cual*) ______ does he want, orange or apple? How (Cmo) ____ old are they? Why (Por qu) ____ is she crying? (Se contesta con "because") ______ trainers are these? Whose (De quin) *Se usa para escoger entre dos opciones. 6 This, That, These, Those H e r e (aqu) plural = These This (Este/ esta) (estos/ estas) Whats the price of _____ clock? This girl likes that modern cell phone. ______ photographs are very nice. Put the stickers in these books. That pig smells very bad. Is _____ hat your mothers? I think ______ vegetables taste good. Those cowboys have got boots. What are these? What is that? T h e r e (all) plural = Those That (Ese/ esa) (Esos/ esas) It is 15.50 Yes, I like it too. I think they are blurred. Yes, they look nice on them. But it is very cute. No, it isnt my mothers. I think they arent so tasty. Really? I see they have got trainers.

They are false teeth. It is an alarm clock.

RECUERDEN que cuando usamos this y that usamos los verbos en 3a. Persona. This is your new bag. That is my favourite color. 2

7 COUNTRIES Mexico Brazil Germany Argentina Australia The USA Italy Russia Canada Egypt

NATIONALITIES Mexican Brazilian German Argentinian Australian American Italian Russian Canadian Egyptian I am from ______ / Im Mexican. Youre from Brazil/ You are _________. He is from Germany/ Hes ______. Im from _________/ I am ___________. She is from Australia/ Shes Australian. Its from ___ ____/ It is American. We are from Italy/ Were Italian. Youre from ______/ Youre Russian. He is from ______/ Hes ________. They are from Egypt/ They are Egyptian. I am from Spain/ Im _______. Shes from The U.K./ Shes English/ British. Were from ______/ We are _______. It is from ______/ Its Polish. Theyre from _____/ Theyre _______. Hes from Japan/ Hes Japanese. You are from Thailand/ Youre Thai. Shes from France/ She is French.

Spanish Spain The United Kindom or Great Britain English or British Turkish Turkey Polish Poland China Japan Thailand France Chinese Japanese Thai French

Nota: se puede usar el verbo BE en contraccin o separado. 8 There is (singular) There are (Plural) Hay (del verbo haber)

There __ a rat in the athic. __ there an elephant in the forest? There isnt one ball in this game.

There ___ some free tables in the room. There arent any bottles in the freezer. ___ there any taxis in the airport?

Nota: Any solo se usa en oraciones negativas e interrogativas. IMPORTANTE NO CONFUNDIR "THEY" (pronombre "ellos"), "THESE" (plural de this, "estos/estas") y "THERE" ("ah" o para el conjunto de "there is/ are" "hay" de haber). 9 PLURALS Se aade una S a la mayora de los nombres (nouns) Nota: no se pone (apstrofe) SINGULAR a bag a taxi a car PLURAL bags taxis cars

This ___ is clean, but those ____ are dirty. There are some ____ in this parking lot. 3

an umbrella a shoe a village a river a tree a castle a flower

umbrellas shoes villages rivers trees castles flowers

My _____ are red and black.

The _____ in this park are very tall. There arent any _______ in my mothers garden.

Las palabras terminadas en "Y" se sustituye la misma con "i" y se agrega "es" : a dairy a city a country a sky dairies cities countries skies The teacher asks the students to write their _______. I want to visit some _________.

Excepcin: a boy

boys

Las palabras que terminan en "o", "sh", "ch", "x" y "ss" se les agrega "es": a bench a church a watch a dress a potato an oxx benches churches watches dresses potatoes oxxes

In Puebla there are many ________.

Daniela doesnt like ________.

Las palabras que terminan con "f", se cambia la f por "v" y se agrega "es": a knife a wife a leaf a wolf a life knives wives leaves wolves lives

This man has got two _____. ______ have bad temper. Youngsters doesnt know what to do with their _____.

Finalmente tenemos los nombres irregulares (irregular nouns) que son nombres que cambian al convertirlos al plural: a man a woman a child a tooth a foot a person a sheep a fish men women children teeth feet people sheep fish One ___ cant push a bus, but five ___ may do it. These ________ are naughty most of the time. When you dance you must move both ____.

Paul loves eating lots of ____. 4

NOTA: Ya no se agrega la "s" en estas palabras.

"Every Summer I visit Europe and I meet lovely people, I visit very interesting cities and buy many expensive presents for my old parents". IMPORTANTE: Como en este ejemplo, a los adjetivos (subrayados) no se les agrega "s" para que sean plurales, SOLAMENTE A LOS NOMBRES. 10 ADJECTIVES clean old new nice beautiful awful pretty ugly tall short modern sad happy bright dark shy small colorful etc. Los adjetivos se usan para describir y calificar el nombre (noun). (personas, animales, cosas, lugares, etc.) Is your old and ugly car very dangerous? The little baby has got a _____ doll. Betty isnt a nice girl. Those men have got awful cloths. My son likes ___________ women. Her black dog is really ugly. Does the police describe a short man? Your grandfather looks so _____. The young clown isnt always happy. That star is very ___________. My little nephew is very shy . this _______ tree will grow quickly. These fish are so colorful .

1. Put adjectives after (despues) the verb "BE". e.g. "The room is dark". 2. Put adjectives before (antes) a noun. e.g. "I draw a tall jiraffe". 3. Put very, really, so, etc. before (antes) adjectives. e.g. "Her glasses are very small" 4. Adjectives arent plural with plural nouns. e.g. "These blue kites are for the kids". 11 Verbs in gerund after "LIKE", "LOVE" and "HATE" Si usamos estos verbos con "cosas" (things) o "personas" (people), se utilizan en forma simple e.g. "Mary likes pop music, Laura loves jazz but Louis hates classical music" Pero despus de estos verbos, el siguiente verbo va en gerundio: You like drinking lots of beer. Does Rose love _________ t.v. every Friday night? (watch) Michael hates eating onions and carrots. The tennis players dont like ___________ at night. (practice) TOMAR NOTA: Entre like, love y hate y el verbo en gerundio NO SE PONE NADA. 6

12 OBJECT PRONOUNS Pronouns I You He she It We You They

BE CAREFULL!!

OBJECT PRONOUNS "Kate doesnt hate my person". She doesnt hate __. me "Jessy phones to your house". She phones ___. you "I pay the bill to the cashier". I pay it to him. him "George loves his wife". her Yes, he loves ___. "Do the students hate reading?". Yes, they hate it. it "The teacher tells our class a story" He tells __ a story. us "They look at your team". They look at you. you "Do you like The Beatles?" them No, I dont like ____.

DONT MISTAKE WITH THE "POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES" IN NUMBER 4. 13 PERSONAL POSSESSIONS S Se usa el " s " (apstrofe s) para marcar posesin: 1o. La persona (pronombre) que posee algo o alguien + s + la posesin. e.g. This is Caroline + s + walet. = This is Carolines walet. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I am Danielas daughter. That is John__ camera. These are the students mobiles. The boy__ hair is black. His sister__ name is Daniella. The girl__ dresses are for school. Daniela has got a daughter. John hasnt got any camera. The students havent got mobiles. Has the boy got black hair? Daniella has got a nice name. Have the girls got dresses?

NOTA: Cuando el pronombre es plural y termina con s solo se pone el apstrofe despus de esta s. e.g. turists , workers 1. Those are the turists passports. 2. We need the workers tools. El uso del verbo have got / has got (tener) es mas usual que solamente have o has. 14 Auxiliar DO. Para formar preguntas necesitamos un auxiliar para los verbos comunes Formula: Aux. do/ does + O + V. Inf. + complement. (no verbos auxiliares). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Do I dance with you? ___ you live with your parents? ____ James work in Volvo company? Does she study near the hospital? ____ the dear live in the forest? __ we work in the suburbs? __ you come to visit the doctor? __ the lawyers speak with the president? Yes, I do Yes, you __. Yes, he ____. Yes, she ____. Yes, it does. Yes, we __. Yes, you __. Yes, they __. No, I dont No, you dont. No, he _______. No, she doesnt. No, it _______. No, we _____. No, you _____. No, they dont. 7

Tambin podemos hacer preguntas con Question Words Wh- mas el auxiliar DO: Formula: Wh- + Aux. do/does + O + -verb inf. Where do you live? I live in Mexico City. Who does Lidia work with? She works with her aunt. How many things do they collect? They collect shells and bells. What films does he like? He likes cow-boys films. 14 ESTE ES UN PEQUEO EJEMPLO DE LO QUE SERA EL EXAMEN (1a. VUELTA Y EXTRAORDINARIO). Complete the paragraph with the suitable words A, B or C. "A meat-eating plant" "(1)____ Venus flytrap (2) _____ a very strange (3) __________. It grows (4) _____ dry parts of (5)______ United States. (6)_____ leaves (7)__________ like the pages (8)_____ a book. They can open and close very quickly. Inside the leaves, (9)________ _______ three small (10)_________. If an insect touches (11)_____ of the hairs, the leaf (12)__________ quickly. The insect cannot get out. (13)_____ about half an (14)__________, the leaf presses the insect until it (15)______ dead. Then, the plant (16)___________ the insect with a special liquid. Slowly, the plant (17)___________ the insect". 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) A are plant of the It was of they are hair on closes At our is cover ate b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) The was plantes in this its are for these are hairs one closses On hour are coveres eats c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) One is plants for on its is in there are haires ones close In hours his covers its Vocabulary: meat-eating flytrap grows insect dry very quickly inside get out half until dead liquid slowly cover

carnvora atrapa moscas crece insecto seca muy rpidamente dentro salir media (1/2) hasta muerto lquido lentamente cubrir

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15 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE IN - (en, dentro de)

in, on, at, near, by, in front of, under, behind, next to, The fridge is in the kitchen. Is your sister __ Spain? My books arent __ my bag. Jamess mobile phone is on the table. Do you always leave the towel __ the bed? I dont like the picture __ the wall. Susan studies at the University. They arent __ home now. I wait for you __ the corner. Does my parents wait near the restaurant? Is the chimp _____ the pandas? You are always ______ me. The cat passes by the foot lamp. Are there many flowers __ the avenue? Your chair isnt ___ your desk. The post office is in front of the supermarket. The sofa isnt ___ ______ ___ the T.V. Is the book ___ _____ ___ my suitcase? Are your shoes under the armchair? We must cover from the rain ______ the tree. The rat hides _____ the tins. The thief hides behind the bank. You never clean __________ the forniture. What is Louis searching _________ the bushes. We run next to the mountain. Roger has dinner ______ ___ the swimming pool. Is the pyramid _____ ___ our house.

ON - (en, sobre)

AT - (en, un lugar fijo, no especfico)

NEAR - (cerca de)

BY - (por, por ah)

IN FRONT OF - (en frente de)

UNDER - (abajo, debajo de)

BEHIND - (detrs de)

NEXT TO - (cerca de)

Tambin tenemos preposiciones como: on the right of on the left of (a la derecha de a la izquierda de): The lake is on the right of the photo, but the trees are on the left of the photo. The building is ___ _____ _______ ___ the postcard, but the castle is ___ ____ ______ ___ the postcard. 9

16 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME IN

in, on, at and every

Seasons: spring, summer, autum/fall, winter Months: January, March, July, September, October, etc. the morning, the evening, the afternoon Years: 1995, 2011, 1983, etc. e.g. We use to travel to the south in winter. Classes begin __August. They never go out __ the evening. America was discovered __ 1492.

ON

Dates: January 25, 2006; August 14, 1995; etc. Days of the week: Tuesday, Saturday, Wednesday, etc. Moments of the day: Sunday morning/ night / evening, etc. e.g. Mary was born on February 20, 1999. Do we have German class ___ Friday? The students dont go to school __ Monday evening.

AT

Hours: 10 oclock, Quarter to two, Ten past four, etc. Night The weekend e.g. What time is the party? At 9 oclock. Is my date with the Doctor ___ half past five? I dont like eating ___ night. The Sanders family go to church ___ the weekend.

EVERY (cada)

Your friend comes every evening. The players go to the court ________ day. Julio has a test __________ month.

17 HOURS

12:20 2:25 1:30 5:30 4:15 8:15 9:50 7:55 6:45 2:45 3:17 10:11

Twenty past twelve ______________________________________ Half past one. ______________________________________ Quarter past four. ______________________________________ Ten to ten ______________________________________ Quarter to seven. ______________________________________ Seventeen past three. ______________________________________ 10

Twenty five to six Two to eleven Quarter past one Ten oclock Twelve past three Half past eight Quarter to two Five past nine 18 FREQUENCY ADVERBS

____________ 10:58 ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ 9:05

____________/____________/_____________/___________/____________/____________ never rarely sometimes often usually always seldom occasionally frequently hardly ever 1. This adverbs usually go before the main verb. E.g. "Peter always visits his aunt". 2. They go after auxiliary verbs like be, do or have. E.g. "Joy is often late for trainning". e.g. My mother never cooks at the weekends. Olga and Samantha are _______________ fighting. The teacher is not ___________ happy with my behavior. Anna _______________ accepts her critics. I dont ____________ write home.

NOTA: Los advervios never, rarely, seldom and hardly ever NO se usan en oraciones negativas, en su lugar ponemos ever. E.g. "You dont ever arrive late to school". Otras palabras de frecuencia son: ONCE (una vez), TWICE (dos veces) y THREE TIMES, FOUR OR MORE TIMES. I play tennis once a week. You eat out twice a month. He takes his medicine three times a day. We go to parties ten times a year. 19 ESTE SERA UN PEQUEO EJEMPLO DE LO QUE SERA EL EXAMEN (1a VUELTA Y EXTRAORDINARIO). Complete the paragraph with the suitable words, A, B, C. "A strange life" Bill starts the day (1) __ half past seven (2) __ the morning. He gets up, gets dressed and then he (3) ____ straight out to work. He (4) ______ the house at about eight oclock. He cycles to work and it takes about half an (5) ____. He (6) _____ in a toothpaste factory. He puts the tops on the tubes. He stays (7) _____ until lunchtime at one oclock, (8) ____ he goes home again. Hes (9) __ home (10) ___ three hours and then he goes back to 11

work. He works in a different (11) _____ in the afternoon. He (12) ______ lions in the zoo. He works there for about four hours and then he goes to his (13) ____ job. He cycles there, but it only (14)____ a quarter of an hour. He (15) _____ beds in a bed factory. He (16)_______ work at about eleven oclock. Bill (17)____: I like living dangerously, (18)___ not all the time".

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a)

in in goes lives our job there what to for space trains second makes proves ends says because

b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b)

at on gets leaves or jobs them when in from place kills other takes tries finishes speaks but

c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c)

on at leaves lifes hour works their where at four case cooks next make tests lasts tells or

Vocabulary: starts get up get dressed then straight about cycle take toothpaste factory tops tubes stay train bed say empezar levantarse vestirse entonces derecho cerca de ir en bici tomar, llevar pasta dental fabrica tapas tubos permanecer entrenar cama decir

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20 IMPERATIVES

This are not only orders, but advices and suggestions. You use the verb without the pronoun YOU. Negative (go) (investigate) (be) (eat) (open) (spend) (cross) (wear) You must use auxiliar Dont

Affirmative Go to the theatre. Investigate the theme. ___ careful in that city. ____ a salad instead. _____ your books. ______ your time reading. ______ your fingers. _____ a nice suit.

Dont go to the cinema. Dont ____________ more. Dont ___ silly. Dont ____ this hamburger. Dont _____ the window. Dont _______ all your money. Dont ______ the railways. Dont _____ that color.

12

21 CAN / CANT

This is a modal verb that means ability. AND IT IS AN AUXILIAR VERB.

Affirmative Formula: O + can + verb infinitive I can play basketball. You ____ study German. He can go to the toilet. Verb can doesnt change in 3rd. Person She ____ dance tango. It ____ fly higher. We ____ finish our meals. You ____ change your clothes. They ____ watch T.V. Negative Formula: O + can + not + verb infinitive Use: can not, cannot or cant

I cant go with you. He ______ listen to music without the ear device. She ______ use the mobile, its too modern for her. We ______ build the house near the river. You ______ copy the exam. They ______ travel without money. Interrogative Formula: can + O + verb infinitive ? Yes, I can. Yes, He can. Yes, she ___. Yes, it ____. Yes, you ___. Yes, they ___ No, I cant No, He ______ No, she ______ No, it ______. No, you ______. No, they ______

Can I study in the evening? ____ He drive to the U.S.A.? ____ she make up in 10 minutes? ____ it bark all the night? ____ you push the van far from here? ____ They clean all the yard? 22 PRESENT SIMPLE Affirmative: Affirmative: Affirmative: Use aux. do/does. Negative: Negative: Negative:

Formula: O + Verb Present + complement You + come + from Durango. visits + Margaret + the beach on holliday. loves + His girlfriend + him very much. Formula: O + Aux. Negative + Verb infinitive + compl. John + doesnt + smoke + at night. Joe and Al + dont + argue + with Mum. I + dont + swim + very well.

Formula: Auxiliar + O + Verb infinitive + complement ? Interrogative: Do + we + sleep + deeply? Interrogative: Does + it + rain + now? Interrogative: Does + the baby + cry + with you? 13

Present Simple is used to talk about 1) Permanent situations: e.g. "Laura is a good nurse in this hospital" 2) To talk about facts: e.g. "Trees are very important for the land" 3) To talk about routines and habits: e.g. "My father runs every morning" 23 PRESENT CONTINUOUS Affirmative: Affirmative: Affirmative: Make the contractions, if necesary. Formula: O + Verb be Present + Verb -ING + complement talking + Karla + is + to David. are + working + Our parents + in Italy. am + writing + I + a letter. "Karla ____ __________ to David. "Our parents ______ ________ in Italy. "I___ __________ a letter. Formula: O + V. be + not Present + Verb -ING + compl. John + is + not + looking for + my present. You and Dana + are + not + paying + attention. Today it + is + not + raining. "John ______ ________ ____ my present". "You and Dana _______ _______ attention". "Today it ______ ________". Formula: Verb be Present + O Are + the nurses + Is + his horse + Am + I + + Verb -ING + Compl. taking + coffee? running + faster ? getting + in love?

Negative: Negative: Negative: Make the contractions.

Interrogative: Interrogative: Interrogative: Answer complete sentences:

No, they _______ _______ ______. Yes, ___ ___ ________ faster. Yes, __ __ ________ ___ _____

. 24 MUST / MUSNT - This is another modal verb that means HAVE TO. AND IT IS AN AUXILIAR VERB TOO. Affirmative: Formula O + must + Verb infinitive + complement.

I must answer this questioraire. You _____ arrive on time to the appointment. Note: must doesnt change in 3rd. Person. He _____ observe the animals in the snow. She _____ interview a famous actor. It _____ get its own food. We _____ receive the visitors from Great Britain. They _____ obey thier mothers orders. 14

Negative:

Formula O + must + not (or mustnt) + Verb infinitive + complement.

You mustnt go to that cabaret. He ________ follow the girls so closely. She ________ give information to strangers. We ________ draw on the walls of the room. You ________ pay a service you dont receive. They ________ take their fathers car. Interrogative: Formula Must + O + Verb infinitive + complement.

_____ you fill in the test? _____ she answer the telephone to her boyfriend? _____ it be domesticated? _____ we risk in this dangerous trip? _____ they climb those little trees?

25 WAS / WERE Present

This are the conjugation for the VERB BE in the past tense. PAST TENSE Positive: I You He She It We You They was were was was was were were were

Formula O + was/were + complement late to the concert. happy in your birthday. at home this morning. with the Maths teacher. yesterday when you arrived. anxious to meet you. in the Lab with me. in love with my sister.

I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They are Negative:

Formula O + was/were + NOT + complement in the forest last week. nervous for your parents visit. twenty two last birthday. a great doctor. true what he said. nice to our neighbors. at the University in the morning. alone at quarter to three.

I was not or wasnt You were not or werent He was not or wasnt She was not or wasnt It was not or wasnt We were not or werent You were not or werent They were not or werent Interrogative: Was I

Formula Was/were + O + complement. Yes, I was No, I wasnt 15

at the sea the last hollidays?

Were Was Was Was Were Were Were

you he she it we you they

near the hospital with your sister? Yes, you were No, you werent sad when she left? Yes, he was No, he wasnt in the kitchen for breakfast? Yes, she was No, she wasnt cold in Alaska? Yes, it was No, it wasnt in the T.V. room when the film finished? Yes, we were No, we werent with my family at Christmas? Yes, you were No, you werent O.K. without their toys? Yes, they were No, they werent The regular verbs are those that you add -ed at the end of the verb when we talk in past tense. E.g.: Past tense answered kill___ play___ drop____ open___ happen___ crash___ discover___ close___ disappear___ touched land___ change___ die___

26 Regular Verbs:

Present answer kill play drop* open happen crash discover close disappear touch land change die

The famous actor answered to the journalist. He ________ the cow to feed his family. The team ________ yesterday in Brazil. The water ________ all night long. When my mother ______ the door, the dog entered. Nobody knows what _________ in the accident. The rock _______ into the window and broke it. Marie Curie _________ the radium. Last year this theatre _______ its doors. The woman ____________ since 1998. The little girl __________ the bright screen. Last Sunday we saw how an eagle _______. The world __________ long time ago. He _______ because he panicked leaving.

* When the verb has "consonant-vowel-consonant", the last consonant doubles. When the verb finishes in "e" , we just add the "d". 27 ESTE SERA UN PEQUEO EJEMPLO DE LO QUE SERA EL EXAMEN (1a. Vuelta y extraordinario) Complete the paragraph with the suitable words A, B or C, and fill with the correct past form of the verb -ed or was / were. What happened to the dinosaurs? Scientists are not sure why the dinosaurs ____________ (disappear). Some scientists think (1) ____ the climate ________ (change) suddenly. Fossils of trees tell (2)___ that the temperature ________ (drop) a lot and that the level (3)___ the sea ________ (drop) also. This means that it ______ (was/were) suddenly much colder. Perhaps the dinosaurs ______(was/were) too slow to change with the climate. A new idea is that a meteor _______(crash) into (4)____ Earth. Scientists ___________ (discover) a place in Mexico (5)______ they think the meteor _________(crash). They think that there ______(was/were) (6) _________ dust from the meteor. The dust _______(land) on the plants. (7)_____ animals -including some dinosaurs - _____ 16

(was/were) plant-eaters, and perhaps the dust _______(kill) (8)_____. This means that there _____(was/were) nothing for meat-eating dinosaurs to eat, and so they ______ (die). But, as many animals from that time didnt die, we are not 100% sure what really _________(happen). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 a) of a) we a) of a) an a) when a) a lot of a) Much a) they b) that b) our b) in b) the b) what b) much b) Many b) their c) in c) us c) for c) a c) where c) many c) Too much c) them Vocabulary: happen sure climate suddenly drop change means colder perhaps slow Earth crash dust land

suceder seguros clima de repente caer cambiar querer decir ms frio quizs lento Planeta Tierra chocar polvo aterrizar

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Hi everybody: This is a complete guide of the themes we saw in classes about grammar and sentences formation. I advise you to take a whole view from the beginning (Groups 3010/20 and 5010) to reinforce the themes, complete the sentences with the words given in each theme and review the vocabulary from the books (places, animals, jobs, adjectives, etc.). Do not forget to read the books, since they help you very much to develop the comprehension of whole paragraphs and special words. I WISH YOU LUCK!! Hola muchachos: Esta es una gua completa de los temas que hemos visto en clases en relacin a la gramtica y formacin de oraciones. Mi consejo es que den un vistazo a la gua desde el principio (Grupos 3010/20 y 5010) para reforzar los temas, acompletar las oraciones con las palabras de las que se trate el tema y repasar el vocabulario de sus libros (lugares, animales, oficios, adjetivos, etc.). No olviden leer los libros, ya que les ayudarn mucho a desarrollar la comprensin de prrafos completos y de palabras en especial. LES DESEO SUERTE!! 17

Vocabulary
VERBS 1 Look at Open Read Answer Listen Write Close Fill in Hear Work Say Spell Practise Understand Introduce Be (am, are, is) He is + not = She is + not = It is + not = We are + not = You are + not = They are + not =

am are is is is are are are

Always complete the blanks!! NOUNS 1 word letter name fine, thank you. blue from Italy. married in the classroom. or "______ in the classroom".single Helen Samuels. or "___________ Helen Samuels". blue. or "____________". students. or "We_______________". the new workers. or "___________________ workers". American. or "___________ American". country sentence bus stop (Nota: am y not no se pueden unir) You _________ Italian. today __________ at the bus stop. It _______ cold today. You _________ married. _______________ from The U.S.A.

Verb "Be" Interrogative

Am + I Are + you Is + he Is + she Is + it Are + we

________ a taxi driver? ______ the old teacher? _______ a good cook? _______ good actresses? ________ engineers?

No, you _______ Yes, ______ Yes, ______ No, _________ Yes, ______ No, _________ Yes, ______ Yes, _______ No, __________ Yes, ________

Is he ___ negative boy? She isnt ___ manager. It is ___ nice dress.

Are you Spanish citizen__? They arent any musician__.

___ teacher is from Japan. ____ Mum is an architect. The bird feeds ____ chicks. My father doesnt like _____ friends. ______ magazines are in German.

______ is your name? ____ is your uncle? _____ is your birthday? ______ do you live? ______ does he want, orange or apple? ____ old are they? ____ is she crying? (Se contesta con "because")

This

Whats the price of _____ clock? This girl likes that modern cell phone. ______ photographs are very nice.

It is 15.50 Yes, I like it too.

Is _____ hat your mothers? I think ______ vegetables taste good.

What are these? What is that?

They are false teeth. It is an alarm clock.

RECUERDEN que cuando usamos this y that usamos los verbos en 3a. Persona. This is your new bag. That is my favourite color.

COUNTRIES I am from ______ / Im Mexican. Youre from Brazil/ You are _________. He is from Germany/ Hes ______. Im from _________/ I am ___________. Its from ___ ____/ It is American. Youre from ______/ Youre Russian. He is from ______/ Hes ________.

I am from Spain/ Im _______. or Great Britain English or British Were from ______/ We are _______. It is from ______/ Its Polish. Theyre from _____/ Theyre _______.

There __ a rat in the athic. __ there an elephant in the forest?

There ___ some free tables in the room. ___ there any taxis in the airport?

"estos/estas") y "THERE" ("ah" o para el conjunto de "there is/ are" "hay" de haber). PLURALS Se aade una S a la mayora de los nombres (nouns) Nota: no se pone (apstrofe) SINGULAR a bag a taxi a car PLURAL bags taxis cars

This ___ is clean, but those ____ are dirty. There are some ____ in this parking lot.

an umbrella a shoe a village a river a tree a castle a flower

umbrellas shoes villages rivers trees castles flowers

My _____ are red and black.

The _____ in this park are very tall. There arent any _______ in my mothers garden.

Las palabras terminadas en "Y" se sustituye la misma con "i" y se agrega "es" : a dairy a city a country a sky dairies cities countries skies The teacher asks the students to write their _______. I want to visit some _________.

Excepcin: a boy

boys

Las palabras que terminan en "o", "sh", "ch", "x" y "ss" se les agrega "es": a bench a church a watch a dress a potato an oxx benches churches watches dresses potatoes oxxes

In Puebla there are many ________.

Daniela doesnt like ________.

Las palabras que terminan con "f", se cambia la f por "v" y se agrega "es": a knife a wife a leaf a wolf a life knives wives leaves wolves lives

This man has got two _____. ______ have bad temper. Youngsters doesnt know what to do with their _____.

Finalmente tenemos los nombres irregulares (irregular nouns) que son nombres que cambian al convertirlos al plural: a man a woman a child a tooth a foot a person a sheep a fish men women children teeth feet people sheep fish One ___ cant push a bus, but five ___ may do it. These ________ are naughty most of the time. When you dance you must move both ____.

Paul loves eating lots of ____.

NOTA: Ya no se agrega la "s" en estas palabras.

"Every Summer I visit Europe and I meet lovely people, I visit very interesting cities and buy many expensive presents for my old parents". IMPORTANTE: Como en este ejemplo, a los adjetivos (subrayados) no se les agrega "s" para que sean plurales, SOLAMENTE A LOS NOMBRES. 10 ADJECTIVES clean old new nice beautiful awful pretty ugly tall short modern sad happy bright dark shy small colorful etc. Los adjetivos se usan para describir y calificar el nombre (noun). (personas, animales, cosas, lugares, etc.) Is your old and ugly car very dangerous? The little baby has got a _____ doll. Betty isnt a nice girl. Those men have got awful cloths. My son likes ___________ women. Her black dog is really ugly. Does the police describe a short man? Your grandfather looks so _____. The young clown isnt always happy. That star is very ___________. My little nephew is very shy . this _______ tree will grow quickly. These fish are so colorful .

1. Put adjectives after (despues) the verb "BE". e.g. "The room is dark". 2. Put adjectives before (antes) a noun. e.g. "I draw a tall jiraffe". 3. Put very, really, so, etc. before (antes) adjectives. e.g. "Her glasses are very small" 4. Adjectives arent plural with plural nouns. e.g. "These blue kites are for the kids". 11 Verbs in gerund after "LIKE", "LOVE" and "HATE" Si usamos estos verbos con "cosas" (things) o "personas" (people), se utilizan en forma simple e.g. "Mary likes pop music, Laura loves jazz but Louis hates classical music" Pero despus de estos verbos, el siguiente verbo va en gerundio You like drinking lots of beer. Rose loves _________ t.v. every Friday night. (watch) Michael hates eating onions and carrots. The tennis player likes ___________ at night. (practice) TOMAR NOTA: Entre like, love y hate y el siguiente verbo NO SE PONE NADA.

12 OBJECT PRONOUNS Pronouns I You He she It We You They

BE CAREFULL!!

OBJECT PRONOUNS "Kate doesnt hate my person". She doesnt hate __. me "Jessy phones to your house". She phones ___. you "I pay the bill to the cashier". I pay it to him. him "George loves his wife". her Yes, he loves ___. "Do the students hate reading?". Yes, they hate it. it "The teacher tells our class a story" He tells __ a story. us "They look at your team". They look at you. you "Do you like The Beatles?" them No, I dont like ____.

DONT MISTAKE WITH THE "POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES" IN NUMBER 4. 13 PERSONAL POSSESSIONS S Se usa el " s " (apstrofe s) para marcar posesin: 1o. La persona (pronombre) que posee algo o alguien + s + la posesin. e.g. This is Caroline + s + walet. = This is Carolines walet. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I am Danielas daughter. That is John__ camera. These are the students mobiles. The boy__ hair is black. His sister__ name is Daniella. The girl__ dresses are for school. Daniela has got a daughter. John hasnt got any camera. The students havent got mobiles. Has the boy got black hair? Daniella has got a nice name. Have the girls got dresses?

NOTA: Cuando el pronombre es plural y termina con s solo se pone el apstrofe despus de esta s. e.g. turists , workers 1. Those are the turists passports. 2. We need the workers tools. El uso del verbo have got / has got (tener) es mas usual que solamente have o has. 14 Auxiliar DO. Para formar preguntas necesitamos un auxiliar para los verbos comunes Formula: Aux. do/ does + O + V. Inf. + complement. (no verbos auxiliares). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Do I dance with you? ___ you live with your parents? ____ James work in Volvo company? Does she study near the hospital? ____ the dear live in the forest? __ we work in the suburbs? __ you come to visit the doctor? __ the lawyers speak with the president? Yes, I do Yes, you __. Yes, he ____. Yes, she ____. Yes, it does. Yes, we __. Yes, you __. Yes, they __. No, I dont No, you dont. No, he _______. No, she doesnt. No, it _______. No, we _____. No, you _____. No, they dont.

Tambin podemos hacer preguntas con Question Words Wh- mas el auxiliar DO: Formula: Wh- + Aux. do/does + O + -verb inf. Where do you live? I live in Mexico City. Who does Lidia work with? She works with her aunt. How many things do they collect? They collect shells and bells.

14 ESTE ES UN PEQUEO EJEMPLO DE LO QUE SERA EL EXAMEN (1a. VUELTA Y EXTRAORDINARIO). Complete the paragraph with the suitable words A, B or C. "A meat-eating plant" "(1)____ Venus flytrap (2) _____ a very strange (3) __________. It grows (4) _____ dry parts of (5)______ United States. (6)_____ leaves (7)__________ like the pages (8)_____ a book. They can open and close very quickly. Inside the leaves, (9)________ _______ three small (10)_________. If an insect touches (11)_____ of the hairs, the leaf (12)__________ quickly. The insect cannot get out. (13)_____ about half an (14)__________, the leaf presses the insect until it (15)______ dead. Then, the plant (16)___________ the insect with a special liquid. Slowly, the plant (17)___________ the insect". 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) A are plant of the It was of they are hair on closes At our is cover ate b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) The was plantes in this its are for these are hairs one closses On hour are coveres eats c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) One is plants for on its is in there are haires ones close In hours his covers its Vocabulary: meat-eating flytrap grows insect dry very quickly inside get out half until dead liquid slowly cover

carnvora atrapa moscas crece insecto seca muy rpidamente dentro salir media (1/2) hasta muerto lquido lentamente cubrir

FAVOR DE TOMAR NOTA DEL TIEMPO EN QUE ACOMPLETAN ESTE EJERCICIO Y ENVIARME LA NOTA POR MAIL manubebe@prodigy.net.mx HASTA AQU TERMINA LA GUIA PARA LOS GRUPOS 1010 Y 1020 PERO CONTINUA PARA 3010, 3020 Y 5010.

15 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE IN - (en, dentro de)

in, on, at, near, by, in front of, under, behind, next to, The fridge is in the kitchen. Is your sister __ Spain? My books arent __ my bag. Jamess mobile phone is on the table. Do you always leave the towel __ the bed? I dont like the picture __ the wall. Susan studies at the University. They arent __ home now. I wait for you __ the corner. Does my parents wait near the restaurant? Is the chimp _____ the pandas? Karla isnt _____ the bathroom. The cat passes by the foot lamp. Are there many flowers __ the avenue? Your chair isnt ___ your desk. The post office is in front of the supermarket. The sofa isnt ___ ______ ___ the T.V. Is the book ___ _____ ___ my suitcase? Are your shoes under the armchair? We must cover from the rain ______ the tree. The rat hides _____ the tins. The thief hides behind the bank. You never clean __________ the forniture. What is Louis searching _________ the bushes. We run next to the mountain. Roger has dinner ______ ___ the swimming pool. Is the pyramid _____ ___ our house.

ON - (en, sobre)

AT - (en, un lugar fijo, no especfico)

NEAR - (cerca de)

BY - (por, por ah)

IN FRONT OF - (en frente de)

UNDER - (abajo, debajo de)

BEHIND - (detrs de)

NEXT TO - (cerca de)

Tambin tenemos preposiciones como: on the right of on the left of (a la derecha de a la izquierda de): The lake is on the right of the photo, but the trees are on the left of the photo. The building is ___ _____ _______ ___ the postcard, but the castle is ___ ____ ______ ___ the postcard.

16 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME IN

in, on, at and every

Seasons: spring, summer, autum/fall, winter Months: January, March, July, September, October, etc. the morning, the evening, the afternoon Years: 1995, 2011, 1983, etc. e.g. We use to travel to the south in winter. Classes begin __August. They never go out __ the evening. America was discovered __ 1492.

ON

Dates: January 25, 2006; August 14, 1995; etc. Days of the week: Tuesday, Saturday, Wednesday, etc. Moments of the day: Sunday morning/ night / evening, etc. e.g. Mary was born on February 20, 1999. Do we have German class ___ Friday? The students dont go to school __ Monday evening.

AT

Hours: 10 oclock, Quarter to two, Ten past four, etc. Night The weekend e.g. What time is the party? At 9 oclock. Is my date with the Doctor ___ half past five? I dont like eating ___ night. The Sanders family

ADJECTIVES fine good happy