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Web of Knowledge Page 2 (Articles 51 -- 95) [ 1 |2 ] Record 51 of 95 Author(s): Yabutani, Tomoki; Utsunomiya, Yasuhiro; Kado, Yukiko; Tani, Yuji; Kishimoto, Hideyuki; Fukuda, Akinori; Motonaka, Junko Title: A multielement masking method using magnesium hydroxide coprecipitation for the selective determination of lead in water samples by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Source: ANALYTICAL SCIENCES Volume: 22 Issue: 7 Pages: 1021-1024 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.1021 Published: JUL 2006 Abstract: We present a new multielement masking method using magnesium hydroxide coprecipitation for the selective determination of Pb by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The recovery of Pb in the masking method was over 95%, while interfering ions (Cd2+, CO2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, and Ni2+) could be removed at 100% from the analytical sample. A linear regression was obtained in the Pb concentration from 10 to 1000 mu g kg(-1) in the existence of 100 mu g kg(-1) of the interfering ions. When this method was applied to the determination of Pb in a natural water-standard reference material (NIST 1640), the determined value for Pb in this work (25.4 +/- 4.1 mu g kg(-1)) almost agreed with the certified value (27.89 +/- 0.14 mu g kg(-1)). Times Cited in Web of Science: 4 Total Times Cited: 4 ISSN: 0910-6340 Book DOI: Record 52 of 95 Author(s): Estevez-Hernandez, O.; Naranjo-Rodriguez, I.; de Cisneros, J. L. Hidalgo-Hidalgo; Reguera, E. Title: Evaluation of carbon paste electrodes modified with 1-furoylthioureas for the analysis of cadmium by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Source: SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL Volume: 123 Issue: 1 Pages: 488-494 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2006.09.030 Published: APR 10 2007 Abstract: Two series of 1-furoylthioureas (FTHD) were used as modifiers of carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) for the analysis of Cd(II). The capacities of the newly FTHD-modified CPEs were calculated and the surface reactions during the preconcentration of Cd(H) were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The analyte was accumulated on the surface of the modified CPEs by complexing with FTHD 3,3-disubstituted (series 1) and 3-monosubstituted (series 2) and reduced at a negative potential (-1.0 V). It was then quantified by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 4. Experiments were conducted to establish the optimal carbon paste composition, electrolyte and pH of the determination, accumulation potential and time, and instrumental parameters. Under the optimized working conditions good linear correlations were obtained for the calibration graphs in the concentration ranges studied. For 5 min of accumulation time, detection limits using modified CPEs with ligands of series 2 were lower than that of series 1 (6 x 10(-5) mgL(-1) versus 3 x 10(-3) mgL-1, respectively, for the CPEs modified with 1-furoyl3-p-tetradecylphenylthiourea and 1-furoyl-3-benzyl-3-phenylthiourea taken as models of both series). For a series of seven determinations of Cd(H) at 0.5 mg L-1 relative standard deviations below 3.9% were achieved for CPEs with ligands of both series. Only Pb(II) and Cu(II) apparently affected the electrochemical response of Cd(II). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science: 9 Total Times Cited: 10 ISSN: 0925-4005 Book DOI:

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Record 53 of 95 Author(s): Zhu, Wei Wei; Bing, Nian; Luo, Hong Qun Title: Simultaneous determination of chromium(III) and cadmium(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry on a stannum film electrode Source: TALANTA Volume: 72 Issue: 5 Pages: 1733-1737 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.04.055 Published: JUL 31 2007 Abstract: A stannum film electrode has been developed for the simultaneous determination of trace levels of chromium(III) and cadmium(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The stannum film electrode was generated in situ by depositing simultaneously the stannum film and the metals obtained by reduction of Cd(II) and Cr(III) at -1.4 V on a glassy carbon electrode. Then, the reduced products were oxidized by scanning the potential of the electrode from -1.4 to -0.4 V using DPASV. The electrode exhibited well-defined and separated stripping signals for both metals accompanied with a low background contribution. The possible mechanism of this design was proposed. Under the optimized working conditions, the detection limit was 2.0 and 1.1 mu g l(-1) for Cr(III) and Cd(II) at a deposition time of 3 min. Finally, the stannum film electrode was successfully applied to the determination of Cd(II) in tap water with satisfactory results. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Conference Title: China-Japan-Korea Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry Conference Date: SEP 14-18, 2006 Conference Location: Chongqing, PEOPLES R CHINA Sponsor(s): Natl Nat Sci Fdn China; Japanese Soc Anal Chem; Chinese Acad Sci; Shimadzu Beijing Off Times Cited in Web of Science: 26 Total Times Cited: 28 ISSN: 0039-9140 Book DOI: Record 54 of 95 Author(s): Giacomino, Agnese; Abollino, Ornella; Lazzara, Marco; Malandrino, Mery; Mentasti, Edoardo Title: Determination of As(III) by anodic stripping voltammetry using a lateral gold electrode: Experimental conditions, electron transfer and monitoring of electrode surface Source: TALANTA Volume: 83 Issue: 5 Pages: 1428-1435 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.033 Published: FEB 15 2011 Abstract: The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficiency of the determination of As(III) by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) using a lateral gold electrode and to study the modifications of the electrode surface during use. Potential waveforms (differential pulse and square wave), potential scan parameters, deposition time, deposition potential and surface cleaning procedure were examined for they effect on arsenic peak intensity and shape. The best responses were obtained with differential pulse potential wave form and diluted 0.25 M HCl as supporting electrolyte. The repeatability, linearity, accuracy and detection limit of the procedure and the interferences of cations and anions in solution were evaluated. The applicability of the procedure for As(III) determination in drinking waters was tested. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to study the electrochemical behaviour of As(III) and for the daily monitoring of electrode surface. Also scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to control the electron surface. Finally we evaluated the possibility to apply the equations valid for flow systems also to a stirred system, in order to calculate the number of electrons transferred per molecule during the stripping step. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science: 2 Total Times Cited: 2 ISSN: 0039-9140 Book DOI:

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Record 55 of 95 Author(s): Sheela, T.; Basavanna, S.; Viswanatha, R.; Kalachar, H. C. B.; Naik, Y. Arthoba Title: Barium Hydrogen Phosphate Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Cadmium and Lead by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Source: ELECTROANALYSIS Volume: 23 Issue: 5 Special Issue: SI Pages: 1150-1157 DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000679 Published: MAY 2011 Abstract: The barium hydrogen phosphate modified carbon paste electrode (BHP-CPE) was prepared as an electrochemical sensor. Its propensity towards the simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) has been demonstrated with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in the potential window between -1.2 V to -0.4 V. Important operational parameters such as pH of the solution, deposition potential and deposition time have been optimized. Under the optimized conditions, calibration curves were linear in the concentration range 1 x 10(-8) to 8 x 10(-8) M on BHP-CPE and 1 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-8) M on Nafion-BHP-CPE. Experiments disclosed that BHP-CPE and Nafion-BHP-CPE exhibit good performance for the simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II). Times Cited in Web of Science: 2 Total Times Cited: 2 ISSN: 1040-0397 Book DOI: Record 56 of 95 Author(s): El Makhfouk, M; Souissi, A; El Meray, M Title: Analysis of the labile fraction of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper dissolved in the coastal marine environment using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Source: COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE Volume: 6 Issue: 7 Pages: 689-693 DOI: 10.1016/S1631-0748(03)00123-1 Published: JUL 2003 Abstract: Analysis of the labile fraction of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper dissolved in the coastal marine environment using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The determination of the optimal experimental conditions for the dosage of labile concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium, copper lead and zinc, in a coastal marine environment has been performed. (C) 2003 Academie des Sciences. Publie par Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. Tons droits reserves. Times Cited in Web of Science: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1631-0748 Book DOI: Record 57 of 95 Author(s): Prasad, Bhim Bali; Singh, Rachana; Lakshmi, Dhana Title: Biosorptive separation of 'labile' fractions of copper and lead from river sediments and evaluation by differential pulse, anodic stripping voltammetry Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION Volume: 27 Issue: 1-3 Pages: 179-194 Published: 2006

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Abstract: The 'labile' copper and lead metal contents of contaminated sediments were extracted in different chemical solutions and then subjected for biosorptive separations. The sorbents called 'AlgaSORB-sp' and 'AlgaSORB-ch' were derived from two different algae, viz., Spirogyra and Chlorella, respectively. The metal detection was made by differential pulse, anodic stripping voltammetry. The retention of 'labile' species onto biosorbents in dynamic mode at optimised conditions of pH 6.9 and flow rate 1.0 mL/min in AlgaSORB-sp (copper ion) and AlgaSORB-ch (lead ion) led metal fractionations into labile and strongly complexed forms, in realistic terms. Times Cited in Web of Science: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0957-4352 Book DOI: Record 58 of 95 Author(s): Kumar, MP; Mouli, PC; Reddy, SJ; Mohan, SV Title: Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in air, diet, and blood samples: Exposure assessment Source: ANALYTICAL LETTERS Volume: 38 Issue: 3 Pages: 463-475 DOI: 10.1081/AL-200047792 Published: 2005 Abstract: Concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn have been determined by using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in air particulates, diet, and children's blood residing at different locations of Tirupati. The reliability of the procedure for estimation of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in environmental and biological samples by DPASV technique was checked by analyzing various standard reference materials. The observed daily intake of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn by children varies from 0.1014 to 0.3264, 0.0204 to 0.0372, 0.1953 to 0.3310, and 76.1902 to 78.3720 mu g day(-1) through inhalation, and 17.53 to 20.91, 1.92 to 2.32, 954.92 to 1264.70, and 5750.14 to 6774.56 mu g day(-1) through dietary intake, respectively. Retention times of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in children's blood are estimated by using levels of these metals in air particulates and by duplicating diet and blood of children. The observed average retention times for Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn are 17.32, 7.85, 2.12, and 1.92 days, respectively. Times Cited in Web of Science: 6 Total Times Cited: 6 ISSN: 0003-2719 Book DOI: Record 59 of 95 Author(s): Li, NB; Duan, JP; Chen, GN Title: Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric determination of lead with heparin modified electrode Source: CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Volume: 22 Issue: 6 Pages: 553-557 Published: JUN 2004 Abstract: A novel differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry for the determination of trace amounts of lead, using a biomacromolecule heparin drop-coated modified glassy carbon electrode, has been described. Pb2+ was deposited on the surface of a heparin-modified electrode at -1.0 V (vs. SCE) via forming Pb2+-heparin and subsequent reduction at the electrode. In the following step, Pb-heparin was oxidized, and voltammograms were recorded by scanning the potential in a positive direction. Conditions were optimized with respect to the pH of the medium, the mass of drop-coated heparin, accumulation potential and accumulation time. The peak current was proportional to the Pb2+ concentration in the range of 2.0 x 10(-9) to 7.0 x 10(-7) mol/L. The detection limit was 3.0 x 10(-10) mol/L. The relative standard deviation was 4.83% for 1.0 x 10(-8) mol/L Pb2+ (n = 10). The developed method has been applied to the determination of Pb2+ in water samples with satisfactory results. Times Cited in Web of Science: 4 Total Times Cited: 4

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ISSN: 1001-604X Book DOI: Record 60 of 95 Author(s): Jakubowska, Monika; Zembrzuski, Wlodzimierz; Lukaszewski, Zenon Title: Thallium determination at the single picomole per liter level by flow-injection differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Source: ELECTROANALYSIS Volume: 20 Issue: 10 Pages: 1073-1077 DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704154 Published: MAY 2008 Abstract: The flow-injection differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetric (FI-DP-ASV) procedure has been developed for the determination of thallium concentration of the order of the single pM. Due to the analyte preconcentration at the electrode, DPASV is among the leaders in competition for achieving a detection limit as low as possible. The enrichment factor can be easily regulated by the duration of the preconcentration time. A DPASV measurement in a flow-injection system enables the circulation of an analyzed sample and a medium exchange when preconcentration is completed. This approach ensures significant improvement of a background current. The measurements were performed in a cell of the wall-jet type containing the mercury film electrode. One hour preconcentration was used for the determination of the lowest thallium concentrations. The developed method provides the opportunity to determine thallium in real environmental samples at the single pM level with the detection limit equal to 0.25 pM and RSD equal to 8.2%. This is by more than one order of magnitude better than the lowest detection limit reported in the literature (5 pM). Additionally, the medium exchange resulted in the improvement of the measuring accuracy, which was evidenced by the application of a certified reference material. Times Cited in Web of Science: 2 Total Times Cited: 2 ISSN: 1040-0397 Book DOI: Record 61 of 95 Author(s): Truzzi, C; Lambertucci, L; Gambini, G; Scarponi, G Title: Optimization of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) for the simultaneous determination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in seawater and comparison with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) Source: ANNALI DI CHIMICA Volume: 92 Issue: 3 Pages: 313-326 Published: MAR 2002 Abstract: Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was optimized for the simultaneous determination of Cd, Pb and Cu in coastal seawater samples. Background subtraction was adapted to improve peak detection and quantification. Optimum background voltammograms were obtained by applying a 7.5 s equilibration potential at -975 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3M KCl) before starting the background scan. Voltammetric scan parameters were optimized to obtain maximum sensitivity while retaining good peak resolution and discrimination from background. Optimal parameters were: frequency 100 Hz, pulse amplitude 25 mV, current sampling delay time 2 ins, step height 8 mV. The sensitivity of optimized SWASV proved to be more than double that of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), and analysis time was halved. Samples containing around 13 (Cd), 30 (Pb), 200 (Cu) ng/l (typical averages of the coastal area of the Marche region) can be analyzed using a 5 min deposition time and the total analysis time using three standard additions is about 1 h and half, excluding the mercury film preparation and the outgassing of the sample, which can be made in parallel using a second cell cup. Times Cited in Web of Science: 8 Total Times Cited: 9 ISSN: 0003-4592 Book DOI:

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Record 62 of 95 Author(s): Jyothi, NVV; Mouli, PC; Reddy, SRJ Title: Determination of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in some medicinally important leaves by differential pulse anodic stripping analysis Source: JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Volume: 17 Issue: 2 Pages: 79-83 DOI: 10.1016/S0946-672X(03)80002-0 Published: 2003 Abstract: Levels of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium have been determined in some medicinally important Leaves by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). High pressure digestion with nitric acid (HPA) was used for sample digestion. The accuracy of the method was verified by the parallel analysis of Leaves with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and recovery studies by the analysis of standard reference materials. Based on elemental Levels the utility of these Leaves in medicine are discussed. Statistical treatment has been used in order to understand the correlation between elements in these Leaves. Times Cited in Web of Science: 6 Total Times Cited: 6 ISSN: 0946-672X Book DOI: Record 63 of 95 Author(s): Terbouche, Achour; Djebbar, Safia; Benali-Baitich, Ouassini; Hauchard, Didier Title: Complexation Study of Humic Acids Extracted from Forest and Sahara Soils with Zinc (II) and Cadmium (II) by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV) and Conductimetric Methods Source: WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION Volume: 216 Issue: 1-4 Pages: 679-691 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-010-0562-2 Published: MAR 2011 Abstract: The complexation of heavy metals, present in their dissolved state at relevant trace levels, with new humic acids (HAs) isolated from Yakouren forest (YHA) and Sahara (Tamenrasset: THA) soils has been studied by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) at a hanging mercury drop electrode and conductimetry methods. After extraction and purification, humic acids were characterized by elemental analyses, atomic absorption spectroscopy, FT-IR, and solution state (13)C-NMR. Taking Zn(II) and Cd(II) as examples, the aim of this study was to gain direct information on the general level of importance of humic acids for the speciation of certain heavy metals in soil to determine the complexing capacities of AHs and stability constant of the complexes formed with these metal ions and to compare the complexation capacity of forest and Sahara soils with the commercial humic acid and other published AHs. The results determined by conductimetry method are interpreted using an excess function (a dagger k) which related the conductivity of the mixture and of the separated components. A positive value of this function is obtained. It indicates the complexation of humic acids with metallic ions. The DPASV method was used for determining metal ion complexing capacities and stability constants of metal ion complexes of HAs in solution at pH 7. In both types of soils, the commercial humic acid (CHA) is less efficient in complexing Zn(II) and Cd(II) than THA and YHA and the complexing capacity (CC(M)) decreases in the order: THA > YHA > CHA. In general, the results of complexing capacity for all humic acids and stability constants of Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes found by DPASV method showed good correlation with those of conductimetry method. CC(M) of THA and YHA calculated by DPASV were higher than those of CHA and the other natural HAs published in the literature at pH 7 basing on these results. Times Cited in Web of Science: 1 Total Times Cited: 2 ISSN: 0049-6979 Book DOI: Record 64 of 95 Author(s): Yang, Gongjun; Yan, Jiankang; Qi, Fen; Sun, Cheng

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Title: High Sensitivity and Reproducibility of a Bismuth/Poly(bromocresol purple) Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Determination of Trace Amount of Cadmium by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Source: ELECTROANALYSIS Volume: 22 Issue: 22 Pages: 2729-2738 DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000260 Published: NOV 2010 Abstract: This work described a novel type of bismuth/poly(bromocresol purple) film modified glassy carbon electrode (denoted as Bi/Poly(BCP)/GCE) for anodic stripping analysis of trace Cd(2+). The Bi/Poly(BCP)/GCE was fabricated in situ by depositing simultaneously bismuth and cadmium by reduction at -1.20 V on the poly(BCP) film using a differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimum conditions, the anodic stripping peak current response increased linearly with the Cd(2+) concentrations in a range of 2.0 x 10(-8)-1.0 x1.0(-7) M and 1.0 x 10(-7)-6.0x10(-6) M in 0.1 M NaAc-Ac buffer solution (pH 5.0) with the detection limit of 6.5 x 10(-9) M (S/N =3). The Bi/poly(BCP)/GCE performed good reproducibility and high sensitivity. Finally, this proposed method was successfully applied to determine the concentration of Cd(2+) in water samples. Times Cited in Web of Science: 1 Total Times Cited: 1 ISSN: 1040-0397 Book DOI: Record 65 of 95 Author(s): Scheers, Nathalie; Andlid, Thomas; Alminger, Marie; Sandberg, Ann-Sofie Title: Determination of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) in Aqueous Solutions Containing Food Chelators by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Source: ELECTROANALYSIS Volume: 22 Issue: 10 Pages: 1090-1096 DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900533 Published: MAY 2010 Abstract: The objective was to investigate interactions between iron and food chelators in an aqueous environment. The net complexation were investigated by DPASV in a NaClO(4) electrolyte using a platinum electrode. The experimental conditions were simulating the environment of the human duodenum. The results indicated a net coordination affinity between Fe(2+) and the organic acids in the following order; ascorbic acid approximate to phytate > pyruvate > lactate > acetate. For Fe(3+) net complexation, the stability was in the order of lactate > phytate > pyruvate > acetate > citrate. In conclusion, DPASV in conjunction with a platinum electrode is suitable for studies in aqueous systems where the net complexation of metal is important. Times Cited in Web of Science: 2 Total Times Cited: 2 ISSN: 1040-0397 Book DOI: Record 66 of 95 Author(s): Sanz-Segundo, C; De Cisneros, JLHH; Hernandez-Artiga, MP; Naranjo-Rodriguez, I; Bellido-Milla, D Title: Determination of wear metals in lubricating oils by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Source: BULLETIN OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY Volume: 18 Issue: 4 Pages: 165-172 Published: APR 2002

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Abstract: In this paper, a procedure for the simultaneous determination of three metallic ions in used marine lubricating oils by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetly (DPASV) is proposed. Zn(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) were the ions chosen as representative of specific marine engine wear. The DPASV was employed as an alternative to other analytical techniques. With the aim to develop an adequate procedure, spiked unused oils were employed to study several experimental conditions and instrumental parameters, as well as the formation of Cu-Zn intermetallic compounds. The flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used as a reference technique; a comparison of the results obtained by both techniques is also included. Times Cited in Web of Science: 5 Total Times Cited: 5 ISSN: 0256-1654 Book DOI: Record 67 of 95 Author(s): Tonietto, Alessandra Emanuele; Grassi, Marco Tadeu Title: SPECIATION ANALYSIS OF COPPER AND ZINC USING DIFFERENTIAL PULSE ANODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY Source: QUIMICA NOVA Volume: 35 Issue: 1 Pages: 170-174 Published: 2012 Abstract: SPECIATION ANALYSIS OF COPPER AND ZINC USING DIFFERENTIAL PULSE ANODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY. This work describes methodologies for speciation analysis of the metals copper and zinc as total, total dissolved, labile, as well as complexation capacity (conditional stability constants and available ligand concentration), using the same technique, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Several supporting electrolytes were tested, and the results showed that KNO3 and HNO3 resulted in voltamograms without interferences as well as excellent resolution for the total and labile fractions. The methodology using the DPASV technique allows a simple and low cost analysis of copper and zinc speciation, with high precision and sensitivity, with limits of quantification (LOQ) of 1.8 nmol L-1 for copper and 2.1 nmol L-1 for zinc. Times Cited in Web of Science: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0100-4042 Book DOI: Record 68 of 95 Author(s): Mahesar, S. A.; Sherazi, S. T. H.; Niaz, Abdul; Bhanger, M. I.; Sirajuddin; Rauf, Abdul Title: Simultaneous assessment of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in poultry feeds by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Source: FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY Volume: 48 Issue: 8-9 Pages: 2357-2360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.071 Published: AUG-SEP 2010 Abstract: In the present work four metals (Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu) were determined simultaneously in 28 commercial broiler poultry feeds by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) using hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The digestion of poultry feeds was carried out with concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide (2:1) with the help of microwave heating. Acetate buffer of pH 5 was used as a supporting electrolyte. The limit of detection for Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu was 0.69, 0.35, 0.68 and 0.24 mu g/kg, respectively. The amount of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in the analyzed poultry feeds was ranged between 54.3-482.2, 3.8-33.6. 23.2-32.6 and 12.3-65.8 mg/kg, respectively. In most of analyzed poultry feed samples, the amount of Cd and Pb was found to be greater than the maximum tolerable level (MTL) which could be harmful for the poultry. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science: 3 Total Times Cited: 3 ISSN: 0278-6915 Book DOI:

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Record 69 of 95 Author(s): Legeai, S; Soropogui, K; Cretinon, M; Vittori, O; De Oliveira, AH; Barbier, F; Grenier-Loustalot, MF Title: Economic bismuth-film microsensor for anodic stripping analysis of trace heavy metals using differential pulse voltammetry Source: ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Volume: 383 Issue: 5 Pages: 839-847 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0083-9 Published: NOV 2005 Abstract: Stripping analysis has been widely recognised as a powerful tool in trace metal analysis. Its remarkable sensitivity is attributed to the combination of a preconcentration step coupled with pulse measurements that generate an extremely high signalto-background ratio. Mercury-based electrodes have traditionally been used to achieve high reproducibility and sensitivity in the stripping technique. Because of the toxicity of mercury, however, new alternative electrode materials are highly desired, particularly for on-site monitoring. Use of thin films of bismuth deposited on platinum or glassy-carbon substrates has recently been proposed as a possible alternative to mercury-bismuth is "environmentally friendly", of low toxicity, and is in widespread pharmaceutical use. In this paper the preparation of economic bismuth-film microelectrodes by electrodeposition on a copper substrate and their application to heavy metal analysis are described. Bismuth-film electrodes were prepared by potentiostatic electrodeposition. Optimum conditions for chemical and electrochemical deposition to obtain an adherent, reproducible, and robust deposit were determined. The suitability of such microelectrodes for analysis of heavy metals was evaluated by anodic stripping voltammetry of cadmium. The analytical performance of bismuth-film electrodes for anodic stripping voltammetry of heavy metals was evaluated for non-deaerated solutions containing Cd-2, Pb-2, and Zn-2 ions. Well-defined peaks with low background current were obtained by use of differential pulse voltammetry. Linear calibration plots were obtained for Cd-2 in acidified tap water at concentrations ranging from 2x10(-8) to 1x10(-7) mol L-1 and from 1x10(-7) to 1x10(-6) mol L-1 with relative standard deviations of 5% (n=15) at the 1x10(-7) mol L-1 level. The method was then successfully used to monitor the Cd-2 content of plant extracts and validated by polarographic and ICP-MS measurements. These results open the possibility of using bismuth-coated copper electrodes as an alternative to mercury-based electrodes for analysis of heavy metals. The main problem remaining, which prevents on-site monitoring of heavy metals, is the need to use slightly acidic media, because formation of bismuth hydroxide on the film surface above pH 4.3 leads to non-reproducible measurements. Further experiments will be performed to discover whether electrode conditioning can be used to enable reproducible measurement in on-site monitoring of cadmium in natural waters. Moreover, further study should be conducted to evaluate the potential of BiFE for analysis of several pollutants of interest that are usually determined electrochemically by using mercury-based electrodes. Conference Title: 9th FECS Conference on Chemistry and Environment Conference Date: AUG 29-SEP 01, 2004 Conference Location: Bordeaux, FRANCE Sponsor(s): FECS Times Cited in Web of Science: 28 Total Times Cited: 28 ISSN: 1618-2642 Book DOI: Record 70 of 95 Author(s): Javanbakht, Mehran; Divsar, Faten; Badiei, Alireza; Fatollahi, Fatemeh; Khaniani, Yeganeh; Ganjali, Mohammad Reza; Norouzi, Parviz; Chaloosi, Marzieh; Ziarani, Ghodsi Mohammadi Title: Determination of picomolar silver concentrations by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry at a carbon paste electrode modified with phenylthiourea-functionalized high ordered nanoporous silica gel Source: ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Volume: 54 Issue: 23 Pages: 5381-5386 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.04.044 Published: SEP 30 2009

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Abstract: This study introduces the design of an anodic stripping voltammetric (ASV) method for the silver ion determination at a carbon paste electrode (CPE). chemically modified with phenylthiourea-nanoporous silica gel (Tu-SBA-15-CPE). The electroanalytical pro includes two steps: preconcentration of metal ions at an electrode surface, followed by quantification of the accumulated species by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric methods. Factors affecting the performance of the anodic stripping were investigated, including the modifier quantity in the paste, the electrolyte concentrations, the solution pH and the accumulation potential or time. The most sensitive and reliable electrode contained 10% Tu-SBA-15 and 90% carbon paste. The accumulation potential and time were set at, -200 mV and 300 s, respectively, and the scan rate at 50 mV s(-1) in the scan range of -200 to 700 mV. The resulting electrode demonstrated a linear response over range of silver ion concentration of 8.0-80 pmol/L with detection limit (S/N = 3) of 5 pmol/L The prepared electrodes were used for the silver determination in sea and tap water samples and very good recovery results were obtained. The accuracy was assessed through recovery experiments and independent analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science: 12 Total Times Cited: 12 ISSN: 0013-4686 Book DOI: Record 71 of 95 Author(s): Long, Jiajie; Nagaosa, Yukio Title: Determination of trace arsenic(III) by differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry with in-situ plated bismuth-film electrode Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Volume: 88 Issue: 1 Pages: 51-60 DOI: 10.1080/03067310701412345 Published: 2008 Abstract: A sensitive and precise method is presented for the determination of As(III) by differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammery (DPASV). This method is based on the co-deposition of As(III) with Bi(III) onto a basal-plane type of pyrolytic graphite substrate at an accumulation step. DPASV studies indicate that the As was oxidized with anodic scans to give an enhanced anodic peak at about 500mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Addition of L-cysteine to test solutions was found to be highly effective to obtain reproducible oxidation responses due to As(0) -> As(III). A linear relationship between the anodic stripping peak-current ratio (I(As)/I(Bi)) and As(III) concentration was observed over the concentration range from 0.0200 mu g L(-1) to 18.0 mu g L(-1). The detection limit of As(III) was 0.012 mu g L(-1) at a deposition time of 180 s. The relative standard deviation was 2.85% (n = 8) at a concentration of 10.0 mu g L(-1) As(III). Analytical results demonstrate that the determination of As(III) in real water samples is possible by the proposed method. Times Cited in Web of Science: 7 Total Times Cited: 7 ISSN: 0306-7319 Book DOI: Record 72 of 95 Author(s): Dogan-Topal, B.; Kul, Dilek; Ozkan, Sibel A.; Uslu, B. Title: Anodic behaviour of fulvestrant and its voltammetric determination in pharmaceuticals and human serum on highly boron-doped diamond electrode using differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY Volume: 41 Issue: 11 Pages: 1253-1260 DOI: 10.1007/s10800-011-0355-3 Published: NOV 2011 Abstract: The electrochemical oxidation of fulvestrant was made on highly boron-doped diamond electrode using differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The highest current intensities were obtained by applying +1.10 V during 150 s for boron-doped diamond electrode. For boron-doped diamond electrode, linear responses were obtained for the concentrations between 1 x 10(-6) and 8 x 10(-5) M in standard samples and between 1 x 10(-6) and 4 x 10(-5) M in serum samples. The repeatability of the method was

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0.55 RSD% for differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The analytical values of the method are demonstrated by quantitative determination of fulvestrant in pharmaceutical formulations and human serum, without the need for separation or complex sample preparation, since there was no interference from the excipients and endogenous substances. Selectivity, reproducibility, and accuracy of the developed methods were demonstrated by recovery studies. Times Cited in Web of Science: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0021-891X Book DOI: Record 73 of 95 Author(s): Ensafi, Ali A.; Nazari, Zahra; Fritsch, Ingrid Title: Highly Sensitive Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Cd, Zn and Pb Ions in Water Samples Using Stable Carbon-Based Mercury Thin-Film Electrode Source: ELECTROANALYSIS Volume: 22 Issue: 21 Pages: 2551-2557 DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000246 Published: NOV 2010 Abstract: A new carbon-based mercury thin-film electrode consisting of screen-printed carbon on a low temperature co-fired ceramic substrate was made. Ex-situ mercury deposition in a potassium thiocyanate solution was used. This approach an electrode with high long-term stability (> 500 measurement cycles) and reproducibility (<= 2%) for sensitive determination of ultra trace heavy metals, using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The detection limits were 0.25, 0.08 and 5.5 ng mL(-1) for Cd(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II), respectively. The method was applied to the determination of the analytes in water, wastewater, lake water, and certified reference material samples with satisfactory results. Times Cited in Web of Science: 4 Total Times Cited: 4 ISSN: 1040-0397 Book DOI: Record 74 of 95 Author(s): Sounderajan, S; Singh, A; Palrecha, MM Title: Determination of zinc in high purity gallium by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Source: INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY SECTION A-INORGANIC BIO-INORGANIC PHYSICAL THEORETICAL & ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Volume: 41 Issue: 7 Pages: 1433-1435 Published: JUL 2002 Abstract: A simple voltammetric method has been described for the determination of trace amount of zinc in high purity gallium metal. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), permits a direct determination of zinc without preliminary enrichment or separation process. Zinc can be determined to levels of 1-2 mug g(-1), with relative standard deviation of about 14% in less than or equal to150 mg sample of gallium. The detection limit was restricted by the amount of zinc present in the reagent blank solution. The possible interferences due to Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, Tl, Co, Ti, V, Al etc have also been evaluated. Times Cited in Web of Science: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0376-4710 Book DOI: Record 75 of 95

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Author(s): He, Xiuhui; Su, Zhaohong; Xie, Qingji; Chen, Chao; Fu, Yingchun; Chen, Li; Liu, Ying; Ma, Ming; Deng, Le; Qin, Dilan; Luo, Yueping; Yao, Shouzhuo Title: Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Cd and Pb at a bismuth glassy carbon electrode modified with Nafion, poly(2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes Source: MICROCHIMICA ACTA Volume: 173 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 95-102 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0541-8 Published: APR 2011 Abstract: Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry was applied to detect Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) at a glassy carbon electrode modified with Nafion, poly(2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole) (PDMcT), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Preconcentration was accomplished at -1.0 V vs. SCE in pH 5 buffer containing 400 mu g L(-1) Bi(3+) for 6 min and resulted in high sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies revealed that PDMcT is cleaved under the reductive conditions to form thiol groups that bind Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) ions, whilst the Nafion binder stabilizes the film and the MWCNTs improve electroactivity. The presence of the bismuth film improves sensitivity and reproducibility. Under optimum conditions, the electrode responds linearly to Cd(2+) ions in the concentration range from 0.05 to 20 mu g L(-1), and to Pb(2+) from 0.1 to 22 mu g L(-1). The limits of detection (S/N= 3) are 0.03 and 0.05 mu g L(-1), respectively. This method was successfully applied to the determination of the two ions in water samples. Times Cited in Web of Science: 2 Total Times Cited: 2 ISSN: 0026-3672 Book DOI: Record 76 of 95 Author(s): Canpolat, Esra Celik; Sar, Erdem; Coskun, Naciye Yilmaz; Cankurtaran, Husnu Title: Determination of trace amounts of copper in tap water samples with a calix[4]arene modified carbon paste electrode by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Source: ELECTROANALYSIS Volume: 19 Issue: 10 Pages: 1109-1115 DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603829 Published: MAY 2007 Abstract: A calix[4]arene modified carbon paste electrode was used for trace determination of copper. The study of the preconcentration of copper as well as the other heavy metal ions at the modified electrode, with subsequent measurement by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), indicates the efficient open-circuit accumulation of the analytes onto the electrode. Many parameters such as the composition of the paste, pH, preconcentration time and stirring rate influence the response of the measurement. The procedure was optimized for copper determination. For a 10-minute preconcentration time at pH 6.5 - 7.5, the detection limit (LOD) was 1.1 mu g L-1. The optimized method was successfully applied to the determination of copper in tap water sample by means of standard addition procedure. The copper content of the sample was comparable with the result obtained with AAS method. Times Cited in Web of Science: 18 Total Times Cited: 18 ISSN: 1040-0397 Book DOI: Record 77 of 95 Author(s): Yang, ML; Zhang, ZJ; Hu, ZB; Li, JH Title: Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry detection of metallothionein at bismuth film electrodes Source: TALANTA Volume: 69

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Issue: 5 Pages: 1162-1165 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.12.041 Published: JUL 15 2006 Abstract: As a representation of metalloproteins, metallothionein (MT), which plays important biological and environmental roles such as in the metabolism and detoxification of some metals, was detected at bismuth film electrode (BiFE) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). In pH 2-5.5, two well-defined anodic peaks were produced and attributed to the Zn2+ and Cd2+ inherent to MT The calibration plot of DPASV peak currents for Cd2+ inherent to MT versus MT concentrations showed a good linearity with a detection limit of 3.86 x 10(-8) mol/L for MT. As a non-toxic excellent electrode material, BiFE shows good performance for detecting MT, and is expected to find further applications in the studies of many other metalloproteins. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science: 26 Total Times Cited: 26 ISSN: 0039-9140 Book DOI: Record 78 of 95 Author(s): Li, NB; Luo, HQ; Chen, GN Title: Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric determination of traces of copper with a tobramycin-Nafion modified electrode Source: ANALYTICAL SCIENCES Volume: 20 Issue: 5 Pages: 825-829 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.825 Published: MAY 2004 Abstract: A Nafion-modified glassy carbon electrode incorporated with tobramycin for the voltammetric stripping determination of Cu2+ has been explored. The electrode was fabricated by tobramycin containing Nafion on the glassy carbon electrode surface. The modified electrode exhibited a significantly increased sensitivity and selectivity for Cu2+ compared with a bare glassy carbon electrode and the Nafion modified electrode. Cu2+ was accumulated in HAc-NaAc buffer (pH 4.6) at a potential of -0.6 V (vs. SCE) for 300 s and then determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The effects of various parameters, such as the mass of Nafion, the concentration of tobramycin, the pH of the medium, the accumulation potential, the accumulation time and the scan rate, were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, a linear calibration graph was obtained in the concentration range of 1.0 x 10(-9) to 5.0 x 10(-7) mol l(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9971. The relative standard deviations for eight successive determinations were 4.3 and 2.9% for 1.0 x 10(-8) and 2.0 x 10(-7) mol l(-1) Cu2+, respectively. The detection limit (three times signal to noise) was 5.0 x 10(-10) mol l(-1). A study of interfering substances was also performed, and the method was applied to the direct determination of copper in water samples, and also in analytical reagent-grade salts with satisfactory results. Times Cited in Web of Science: 8 Total Times Cited: 8 ISSN: 0910-6340 Book DOI: Record 79 of 95 Author(s): Nabekawa, Hidenori; Okada, Kiyohiro; Ito, Naoko; Yamamoto, Masahiro; Tanaka, Tatsuhiko; Noro, Junji Title: Determination of the Mass per Unit Area of Galvanized Steel Sheet by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Source: TETSU TO HAGANE-JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE OF JAPAN Volume: 95 Issue: 9 Pages: A640-A644 Published: SEP 2009

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Abstract: A simple and sensitive method is described for the determination of the mass per unit area of galvanized coatings by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in the presence of iron matrix. The optimized experimental conditions were as follows: Zn(2+) in a sample solution (5 mL) containing a 0.07 M nitric acid-0.05 M sulfuric acid mixture at pH 4 was electrodeposited as zinc amalgam in a hanging mercury drop electrode at -1.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 2000 s with stirring; the deposits were then anodically stripped in the potential range -1.15 to -0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl at a scan rate of 30 mV s(-1). The interference of the Fe(3+) matrix was eliminated by reducing it to Fe(2+) with L(+)-ascorbic acid, and the maximum permissible concentration of Fe(2+) was up to 1.5 mg mL(-1) by the addition of 0.1 M L(+)-ascorbic acid. The calibration (peak height vs. Zn(2+) concentration) graph is linear in the concentration range 20 to 2000 ng mL(-1) with relative standard deviation of 2.7% for 100 ng mL(-1) (n=5). The possible interferences have been evaluated. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the mass per unit area of galvanized coatings with good precision and accuracy. Times Cited in Web of Science: 1 Total Times Cited: 1 ISSN: 0021-1575 Book DOI: Record 80 of 95 Author(s): Bolea, E; Arroyo, D; Cepria, G; Laborda, F; Castillo, JR Title: Elucidation of interference mechanisms caused by iron on stibine electrochemical generation by differential pulse anodic stripping voltametry. A case study Source: SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Pages: 96-103 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2005.12.001 Published: JAN 2006 Abstract: The interference effect caused by the presence of iron - both (II) and (III) oxidation states - on the electrochemical generation of SbH3 has been characterized. Interference from Fe(III) was more severe than for Fe(II). Total signal suppression was obtained for a Fe(III): Sb(III) concentration ratio of 5 : 1, whereas a 40% suppression was obtained for Fe(II). A mechanism is proposed based on the results obtained by differential pulse anodic stripping voltametry. The standard conditions used for the hydride electrochemical generation were simulated in the differential pulse anodic stripping voltametry measurements in order to achieve valid conclusions. The reduction of Fe(II) onto the cathode surface prevents the formation of stibine avoiding the recombination of Sb-0 with the hydrogen atoms adsorbed on the surface. The mechanism by which the Fe(III) interferes on the stibine formation is related to the co-deposition of the iron and antimony that also avoid the further recombination of the Sb-0. The formation of a specie of stoichiometry not determined (probably 1 : 1) on the cathode surface may justify the larger interference effect observed for the Fe(III). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science: 12 Total Times Cited: 12 ISSN: 0584-8547 Book DOI: Record 81 of 95 Author(s): Xie, Xue Ying; Luo, Hong Qun; Li, Nian Bing Title: Determination of azo compounds by differential pulse voltammetry at a bismuth/poly(p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) film electrode and application for detection in food stuffs Source: JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Volume: 639 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 175-180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.12.007 Published: FEB 15 2010

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Abstract: This paper describes the fabrication, characterization and application of a bismuth/poly (p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) (Bi/poly(p-ABSA)) composite film-coated glassy carbon electrode for the electrochemical determination of azo compounds. This electrode was fabricated by depositing bismuth on the poly(p-ABSA) modified electrode at -0.9 V. Azo compounds such as 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN), 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) and azobenzene were determined on this electrode by differential pulse voltammetry. Factors influencing the determination performance including the film preparation and solution pH have been optimized. This new electrode presented well-defined, reproducible and sharp determination signals. The results confirmed that the Bi/poly(p-ABSA) electrode offered high-quality stripping performance compared with the bismuth film electrode. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits of PAN, PAR and azobenzene were 4.1 x 10(-8), 3.3 x 10(-8) and 3.8 x 10(-8) mol L(-1), respectively. The influence of foreign substances on the signal was studied and the new electrode was successfully applicable to analysis of azo compounds in real beverage samples. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science: 5 Total Times Cited: 5 ISSN: 1572-6657 Book DOI: Record 82 of 95 Author(s): Raoof, Jahan Bakhsh; Ojani, Reza; Alinezhad, Ali; Rezaie, Seyede Zeinab Title: Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry of silver(I) using p-isopropylcalix[6]arene modified carbon paste electrode Source: MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE Volume: 141 Issue: 3 Pages: 279-284 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-010-0258-8 Published: MAR 2010 Abstract: A sensitive and selective procedure for the determination of silver(I) at p-isopropylcalix[6]arene modified carbon paste electrode has been developed. Silver(I) was accumulated in open-circuit design on the electrode surface via complex formation with the modifier at pH 9.00. After electrochemical reduction of silver(I), the anodic stripping wave of silver(0) appeared at +0.04 V versus reference electrode on scanning the potential in the positive direction in 0.1 M H(2)SO(4) + 2.0 x 10(-2) M KBr. The effects of various parameters such as preconcentration time, stripping medium, reduction potential, etc. were investigated. In the optimum condition, a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 5.0 x 10(-8) M to 2 x 10(-6) M with detection limit (3 delta) of 4.8 x 10(-8) M. Many coexisting metal ions had little effect on the determination of silver(I). Also, the proposed method was applied to the determination of silver(I) in X-ray photographic film samples. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Times Cited in Web of Science: 8 Total Times Cited: 8 ISSN: 0026-9247 Book DOI: Record 83 of 95 Author(s): Watanabe, D; Furuike, T; Midorikawa, M; Tanaka, T Title: Simultaneous determination of copper and antimony by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry with a carbon-paste electrode Source: BUNSEKI KAGAKU Volume: 54 Issue: 9 Pages: 907-912 DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.54.907 Published: SEP 2005 Abstract: A carbon-paste electrode was applied to the simultaneous determination of copper and antimony, whose standard redox potentials lie close together, by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. A new assembly was devised for easily preparing a rotating carbon-paste electrode. The sensitivity of the electrode was greatly improved. Also, the electrode had mechanical and long-term operational stability and could be used repeatedly at least 20 times with excellent reproducibility. The effects of the kinds of oil and the graphite powder/liquid paraffin ratio on the stripping peak heights were considered. In a hydrochloric acid solution, the

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anodic stripping peaks of copper and antimony were separated by adding potassium iodide and (L)(+)-ascorbic acid. Copper and antimony in a steel sample solution were electrodeposited on a carbon-paste electrode at - 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 5 min without any removal of the iron matrix. The deposit was then anodically stripped at a scan rate of 100 mV s(-1) to 0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The calibration graph (peak height vs. concentration) was linear over the range 10 to 50 ng ml(-1), and passed through the origin, with relative standard deviations below 1% for 30 ng ml(-1). The possible interferences were evaluated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of 30 mu g g(-1) for copper and 95 to 194 mu g g(-1) for antimony in iron and steel. Times Cited in Web of Science: 3 Total Times Cited: 3 ISSN: 0525-1931 Book DOI: Record 84 of 95 Author(s): Kumric, Ksenija R.; Trtic-Petrovic, Tatjana M.; Ignjatovic, Ljubisa M.; Comor, Jozef J. Title: Indirect determination of lutetium by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode Source: CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Pages: 65-69 DOI: 10.2478/s11532-007-0055-3 Published: MAR 2008 Abstract: Lutetium has been determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in an acidic solution containing Zn-EDTA. Lutetium (III) ions liberated zinc (II), which was preconcentrated on a hanging mercury drop electrode and stripped anodically, resulting in peak current linearly dependent on lutetium (III) concentration. Less than 0.4 ng mL(-1) lutetium could be detected after a 2 min deposition. Times Cited in Web of Science: 1 Total Times Cited: 1 ISSN: 1895-1066 Book DOI: Record 85 of 95 Author(s): Zlatev, Roumen K.; Stoytcheva, Margarita S.; Salas, Benjamin Valdez; Magnin, Jean-Pierre; Ozil, Patrick Title: Simultaneous determination of species by Differential Alternative Pulses Voltammetry Source: ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS Volume: 8 Issue: 11 Pages: 1699-1706 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.041 Published: NOV 2006 Abstract: A new voltammetric technique providing high resolution - Differential Alternative Pulses Voltammetry (DAPV) based on the non-linearity of I/E characteristic of the electrochemical systems was developed, suitable for simultaneous determination of species without their preliminary separation. Superimposition of couples of single rectangular pulses separated by a constant delay time and having same amplitude and opposite polarity, combined with appropriate signal processing yields first derivative of peak shaped curve. The DAPV faradaic current response equation for reversible electrochemical reactions was theoretically derived, graphically presented and experimentally tested. DAPV was applied for determination of species having very near E-1/2 potentials: Pb2+/Tl+ and In3+/Cd2+ under increasing concentration ratios. The experimental results compared with those obtained by Differential Pulse Polarography (DPP) and Second Harmonic Alternating Current Polarography show superiority of DAPV resolution power which is combined with high sensitivity, similar to that providing by DPP, employing a simple electronic equipment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science: 1 Total Times Cited: 1 ISSN: 1388-2481

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Book DOI: Record 86 of 95 Author(s): Yang, Gongjun; Qu, Xilong; Shen, Ming; Wang, Chengyin; Qu, Qishu; Hu, Xiaoya Title: Electrochemical behavior of lead(II) at poly(phenol red) modified glassy carbon electrode, and its trace determination by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Source: MICROCHIMICA ACTA Volume: 160 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 275-281 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-007-0881-1 Published: JAN 2008 Abstract: Poly(phenol red) (denoted as PPR) films were electrochemically synthesized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by cyclic voltammetry to obtain a chemically modified electrode (denoted as PPR-GCE). The growth mechanism of PPR films was studied by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. This PPR-GCE was used to develop a novel and reliable method for the determination of trace Pb2+ by anodic stripping differential pulse voltammetry. At optimum conditions, the anodic peak exhibits a good linear concentration dependence in the range from 5.0 x 10(-9) to 5.0 x 10(-7) mol L-1 (r = 0.9989). The detection limit is 2.0 x 10(-9) mol L-1 (S/N = 3). The method was employed to determine trace levels of Pb2+ in industrial waste water samples. Times Cited in Web of Science: 5 Total Times Cited: 5 ISSN: 0026-3672 Book DOI: Record 87 of 95 Author(s): Mokhtari, Bahram; Pourabdollah, Kobra Title: Investigation of ionizable nano-baskets of calix[4]-1,2-crown-3 by differential pulse voltammetry Source: JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY Volume: 64 Issue: 23 Pages: 4079-4087 DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.636040 Published: 2011 Abstract: Nano-baskets of proton di-ionizable p-tert-butylcalix[4] arene-1,2-crown-3 in cone and 1,2-alternate conformations and the p-tert-butylcalix[4] arene-1,2-thiacrown-3 in cone conformation were synthesized and their binding abilities towards alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as some lanthanides were studied using differential pulse voltammetry. The novelty of this study was investigation of the macrocyclic complexes by voltammetric behaviors of two acidic moieties in each scaffold. Their voltammetric behaviors were closely related to the complex formation by entrapment of cation into crown ether cavity and ion-dipole interaction between cation and acidic moieties in calixcrowns. The results revealed the selective changes in voltammetric behavior of synthesized scaffolds toward the cations. Moreover, the sulfur in the crown ring changed the binding ability of scaffold to more cations. Furthermore, the position of crown-3 ether in 1,2-alternate instead of cone enhanced the domain of binding ability to more cations. Times Cited in Web of Science: 2 Total Times Cited: 2 ISSN: 0095-8972 Book DOI: Record 88 of 95 Author(s): Panigati, M; Piccone, M; D'Alfonso, G; Orioli, M; Carini, M Title: Determination of lead and cadmium in titanium dioxide by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Source: TALANTA Volume: 58

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Issue: 3 Pages: 481-488 Article Number: PII S0039-9140(02)00251-5 DOI: 10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00251-5 Published: SEP 12 2002 Abstract: A procedure for the simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium in TiO2, by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) has been developed. The key feature of the method is the use of triethanolamine (TEA) to remove titanium interference: TiO2 undergoes acidic digestion with HF/H2SO4 at atmospheric pressure, TEA is added to the HCl solution of the residue and the solution is analysed using a standard ASV instrumentation, equipped with a hanging mercury drop electrode. The calibration curves for both lead and cadmium are linear up to 50 mug l(-1) of solution, and the detection limits are I mug l(-1), corresponding to I mug g(-1) of TiO2. Method reliability was tested by comparing the results with those given by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method has been successfully applied for determination of both contaminants in powdered titanium dioxide (raw materials) and in titanium dioxide-containing cosmetics (sunscreen products). (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. Times Cited in Web of Science: 6 Total Times Cited: 7 ISSN: 0039-9140 Book DOI: Record 89 of 95 Author(s): Bas, Boguslaw; Jakubowska, Malgorzata Title: The renovated silver ring electrode in determination of lead traces by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry Source: ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA Volume: 615 Issue: 1 Pages: 39-46 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.042 Published: MAY 12 2008 Abstract: The study of a new type of working electrode - the renovated silver ring electrode (RSRE) - for lead ions detection via differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DP ASV) without removal of oxygen is reported. The only four constituents of the RSRE: a specially constructed silver ring electrode, a silver sheet used as silver counter/quasi-reference electrode and a silicon O-ring, are fastened together in a polypropylene body. The renovation of this electrode is carried out through mechanical removal of solid contaminants and electrochemical activation in the electrolyte which fills the RSRE body. Excellent repeatability and reproducibility - also in organic samples solutions - were reached in a period of a few weeks through the renovation of the electrode surface before each measurement. The reduction and stripping of lead on silver electrode under the DP ASV conditions are underpotential deposition/dissolution phenomena. The RSRE is used for the determination of Pb ions in concentrations ranging from 1 x 10(-9) to 1 x 10(-7) M. The repeatability of DP ASV runs in synthetic solutions covering the entire concentration range is better than 2%. Obtained calibration curves are represented by a correlation coefficient of at least 0.999. The detection limit (LOD) for the time of electrodeposition equal to 60 s is 0.2 x 10(-9) M. LOD for Pb2+ detection at the RSRE is similar to this reported for a rotating silver electrode in subtractive anodic stripping voltammetry (E. Kirowa-Eisner, et al., Anal. Chim. Acta, 385 (1999) 325). The analysis of Pb2+ in synthetic solutions with and without surfactants, certified reference materials and natural water samples have been performed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science: 12 Total Times Cited: 12 ISSN: 0003-2670 Book DOI: Record 90 of 95 Author(s): Wang, Yang; Liu, Zaiqing; Hu, Xiaoya; Cao, Jinglian; Wang, Fei; Xu, Qin; Yang, Chun Title: On-line coupling of sequential injection lab-on-valve to differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry for determination of Pb in water samples Source: TALANTA Volume: 77

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Issue: 3 Pages: 1203-1207 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.08.033 Published: JAN 15 2009 Abstract: Sequential injection lab-on-valve (LOV) was first proposed for analyzing ultra-trace amounts of Pb using differential Pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) with a miniaturized electrochemical flow cell fabricated in the LOV unit. Deposition and stripping processes took place between the renewable mercury film carbon paste electrode and sample solution. the peak current was employed as the basis of quantification. The mercury film displayed a long-term stability and reproducibility for at least 50 cycles before next renewal, the properties of integrated miniature LOV unit not only enhanced the automation of the analysis procedure but also declined sample/reagent consumption. Potential factors that affect the present procedure were investigated in detail, i.e., deposition potential, deposition time, electrode renewable procedure and the volume of sample solution. The practical applicability of the present procedure was demonstrated by determination of Pb in environmental water samples. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. Times Cited in Web of Science: 17 Total Times Cited: 17 ISSN: 0039-9140 Book DOI: Record 91 of 95 Author(s): Gonzaga, FB; Pereira, CF; Guarita-Santos, AJM; De, JRS Title: Development of an automatic electrochemical system for differential pulse amperometry and its application for Se(IV) determination Source: ELECTROANALYSIS Volume: 17 Issue: 22 Pages: 2084-2089 DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503338 Published: NOV 2005 Abstract: This work presents the development of an automatic system for differential pulse amperometry (DPA) with electrochemical deposition. The system consists of a microcomputer, running a home-made software, connected to a commercial potentiostat through a data acquisition board. ne system was applied for selenium determination using gold electrode and flow injection analysis (FIA). Analytical curves were obtained in the concentration range of 20 to 400 mu g L-1 for Se(IV), with a calculated detection limit of 6 mu g L-1. The analysis results for fish samples doped with Se(IV) and digested in a microwave oven showed recoveries above 93%. Times Cited in Web of Science: 2 Total Times Cited: 2 ISSN: 1040-0397 Book DOI: Record 92 of 95 Author(s): Shams, E; Abdollahi, H; Yekehtaz, M; Hajian, R Title: H-point standard addition method in the analysis by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry - Simultaneous determination of lead and tin Source: TALANTA Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Pages: 359-364 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2003.11.003 Published: MAY 28 2004 Abstract: The applicability of H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) to the resolving of overlapping differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric peaks corresponding to the oxidation of lead and tin is verified. The results show that the H-point standard addition method is Suitable for the Simultaneous determination of lead and tin in aqueous media. The results of applying the H-point standard addition method showed that Sn2+ and Pb2+ could be determined simultaneously with the concentration ratios of Sn2+ to

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Pb2+ varying from 1:5 to 10: 1 in the mixed sample. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of lead in the presence of tin in some synthetic samples. Moreover, the applicability of the method was demonstrated by the recovery of lead in a canned soft drink sample. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science: 32 Total Times Cited: 33 ISSN: 0039-9140 Book DOI: Record 93 of 95 Author(s): Prakash, R; Srivastava, RC; Seth, PK Title: Estimation of copper in natural water and blood using anodic stripping differential pulse voltammetry over a rotating side disk electrode Source: ELECTROANALYSIS Volume: 14 Issue: 4 Pages: 303-308 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200202)14:4<303::AID-ELAN303>3.0.CO;2-T Published: MAR 2002 Abstract: Rotating disk electrode voltammetry (RDEV) in conjunction with anodic stripping differential pulse voltammetry (ASDPV) with a special type of gold side disk electrode has been evaluated for the direct estimation of copper in natural water (i.e. river water and underground water) as well as in whole blood without any pretreatment. Copper is quantified with high reproducibility and reliability even below 5 ppb without any interference of the common ions or organic materials dissolved in the samples, i.e., natural water and blood. The voltammetric measurements were carried out using a conventional three electrodes cell (i.e.,gold as working, platinum as auxiliary and Ag/AgCl as reference electrodes) and the acidified sample. The major problem due to hydrogen evolution at cathode during the deposition of copper ions specially in acidified blood sample is overcome with the help of special design of rotating side disk gold electrode. A new type of rotating side disk electrode was designed to avoid the problem of gas bubbles interference in the stripping voltammetry. The shape. position and the rotation speed of the side disk electrode were optimized as per the requirement in the mild acidic condition. A simultaneous estimation of the zinc. lead and copper is also performed in aqueous sample with KCl as supporting electrolyte. The special design of working electrode and the modified voltammetric conditions are enhanced the sensitivity and reproducibility of the copper estimation at low ppb level with negligible interference. Times Cited in Web of Science: 7 Total Times Cited: 7 ISSN: 1040-0397 Book DOI: Record 94 of 95 Author(s): Puri, BK; Atamjyot; Lal, K; Bansal, H Title: Differential pulse polarographic determination of lead(II) in complex materials after adsorption of its trifluoroethylxanthatecetyltrimethylammonium ion-associated complex on microcrystalline naphthalene or on trifluoroethylxanthatecetyltrimethylammonium- naphthalene adsorbent Source: INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY SECTION A-INORGANIC BIO-INORGANIC PHYSICAL THEORETICAL & ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Volume: 41 Issue: 8 Pages: 1646-1651 Published: AUG 2002 Abstract: Lead(II) is adsorbed as lead trifluoroethylxanthate (TFEX)cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) ion pair complex on microcrystalline naphthalene quantitatively in the pH range 4.50-10.50. In the absence of cetyltrimethylammonium as the counter ion, the adsorption is only 80%. Lead(II) is desorbed with HCl and determined with a differential pulse polarograph. Dissolved oxygen is removed by adding 3 ml of 4% NaBH4 Solution. Alternatively, lead (II) can be quantitatively adsorbed on TFEX-CTMA-naphthalene adsorbent packed in a column at a flow rate of 1-2 ml min(-1). Well defined peak has been obtained in this medium at -0.40 V versus S.C.E. Cyclic voltammetric, differential polarographic and D.C. polarographic studies indicate that lead(II) has been reduced reversibly in a two-electron reduction under these conditions. The detection limit is 0.20 mug ml(-1) at the minimum instrumental

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settings (signal-to-noise ratio = 2). Linearity is maintained in the concentration range 0.5-16.40 mug ml(-1) with correlation factor of 0.9997 and a relative standard deviation of +/-1.07%. Various parameters such as the effect of pH, volume of aqueous phase, flow rate and the interference of a large number of metal ions and anions on the determination of lead(II) have been studied in detail to optimize the conditions for its trace determination in various standard alloys, standard biological materials and environmental samples. Times Cited in Web of Science: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0376-4710 Book DOI: Record 95 of 95 Author(s): Abate, G; Masini, JC Title: Complexation of Cd(II) and Pb(II) with humic acids studied by anodic stripping voltammetry using differential equilibrium functions and discrete site models Source: ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY Volume: 33 Issue: 10 Pages: 1171-1182 Article Number: PII S0146-6380(02)00087-6 DOI: 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00087-6 Published: 2002 Abstract: Binding of Cd(II) and Pb(II) to two humic acids was studied by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry using continuous differential equilibrium functions and linear Scatchard plots. One of the humic acids was a commercial sample from Aldrich (AHA) and the other was a sedimentary humic acid isolated from a Brazilian water reservoir (BBHA). The complexation study was performed at pH between 5 and 6 in 0.020 mol 1(-1) KNO3. The complexes were considered fully labile in the range of the metal to ligand concentration ratios studied, having diffusion coefficients (D-ML = 1.3 x 10(-7) and 2.7 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1), for BBHA and AHA, respectively) smaller than the free cation [D-M = 8 x 10(-6) and 7 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1) for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively]. Differential equilibrium functions and the discrete site model led to similar interpretations of the experimental data. Binding of Pb(II) to both HA samples was stronger than for Cd(II), with a greater heterogeneity of binding sites. This was verified by the heterogeneity parameter, Gamma, obtained from the differential equilibrium functions, as well as from the number of classes of binding sites used to fit the titration data to Scatchard plots. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. Times Cited in Web of Science: 21 Total Times Cited: 24 ISSN: 0146-6380 Book DOI: Web of Knowledge Page 2 (Articles 51 -- 95) [ 1 |2 ]
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