NAME I/C NO CLASS TEACHER

: KHAVILESHWARHY A/P SATHASIVAN : 941222-14-5382 : 5 UNGGUL : PN.YUSNITA BT. MUHAMAD YUSOFF

CONTENTS
Acknowledgement

Objective

Introduction

Part I

Part II

Part III

Further Exploration

Reflection

Conclusion

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
During the implementation of this Additional Mathematics project, many people have helped me to carry out the project effectively. Therefore, I would like to take this opportunity to say thank you to everyone who has played a part in this project. Firstly, I would like to thank Cik Yusnita, my Additional Mathematics teacher for providing guidance to me while doing this project. She was also there to give useful and important information for me to complete this project. Next, I would like to thank my friend and my parents for helping and guiding me during the project. Lastly, I would like to thank Pn.Shamsiah bt. Ahmad, our excellent principal of SMK Cochrane for allowing us to take part in this project.

Objective

The aims of carrying out this project work are : To apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve problems.

To improve thinking skills

To promote effective mathematical communication

To develop mathematical knowledge through problem solving in a way that increase students interest and confidence.

To develop positive attitude towards mathematics.

introduction
During form 5, student who takes additional mathematics as an elective is required to carry out the project. This year, the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education has prepared task for us. We have to complete the task based on the methods. Through this project, we are able: To wider our knowledge

Apply and adapt a variety of problem. Solving strategies to solve routine and non-routine problems.

Experience a classroom environment which is challenging and meaningful, thus, improving thinking skills.

Experience a classroom environment where knowledge and skills are applied in showing real life problems.

Experience a classroom environment where expressing ones mathematical thinking is highly encouraged.

Experience a classroom environment that stimulate and enhance effective learning.

Acquire effective learning mathematical communications through oral and writing and to use the language of mathematics to express idea correctly and precisely.

Part I
Cakes come in a variety of forms and flavours and are among favourite desserts served during special occasions such as birthday parties, Hari Raya, weddings and etc. Cakes aretreasured not only because of their wonderful taste but also inthe art of cake baking and cake decorating. Find out howmathematics is used in cake baking and cake decorating andwrite about your findings.

Answer:
Geometry To determine suitable dimensions for the cake, to assist in designing and decorating cakes that comes in many attractive shapes and designs, to estimate volume of cake to be produced Calculus (differentiation) To determine minimum or maximum amount of ingredients for cakebaking, to estimate min. or max.amount of cream needed for decorating, to estimate min. or max. size of cake produced. Progressions To determine total weight/volume of multi-storey cakes with proportional dimensions, to estimate total ingredients needed for cake-baking, to estimate total amount of cream for decoration.

Part II

Best Bakery shop received an order from your school to bake a 5 kg of round cake as shownin Diagram 1 for the Teachers Daycelebration.

h cm

d cm 1) If a kilogram of cake has a volume of 3800 , and the height of the cake is to be 7.0cm, calculate the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5 kg cake ordered by your school. [Use = 3.142] Answer:
Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake

3800 x 5 = (3.142)(

x 7

(3.142) =

( )

863.872 =

( )

= 29.392 d = 58.784 cm

2) The cake will be baked in an oven with inner dimensions of 80.0 cm in length, 60.0 cm in width and 45.0 cm in height. a) If the volume of cake remains the same, explore by using different values of height s, h cm, and the corresponding values of diameters of the baking tray to be used ,d cm. Tabulate your answers. Answer:
First, form the formula for d in terms of h by using the above formula for volume of cake, V = 19000, that is: 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h

=
=
d

d = Height,h (cm) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Diameter,d(cm) 155.53 109.98 89.80 77.77 68.56 63.49 58.78 54.99 51.84 49.18

(b) Based on the values in your table, (i)state the range of heights that isNOTsuitable for the cakes andexplain your answers. Answer:
h< 7cm is NOT suitable, because the resulting diameter produced is too large to fit into the oven. Furthermore, the cake would be too short and too wide, making it less attractive.

(ii) Suggest the dimensions that you think most suitable for the cake. Give reasons for your answer. Answer:
h = 8cm d = 54.99cm, because it can fit into the oven, and the size is suitable for easy handling.

(c) (i) Form an equation to represent the linear relation between h and d. Hence, plot a suitable graph based on the equation that you have formed. [You may draw your graph with the aid of computer software] Answer:

19000 = (3.142)(

)h

19000/(3.142)h =

= d

d = d = log d =

log d = Log h Log d

log h + log 155.53 0 2.19 1 1.69 2 1.19 3 0.69 4 0.19

(ii)(a) If Best Bakery received an order to bake a cake where the height of the cake is 10.5 cm, use your graph to determine the diameter of the round cake pan required. Answer:
h = 10.5cm log h = 1.021 log d = 1.680 d = 47.86cm

(b) If Best Bakery used a 42 cm diameter round cake tray, use yourgraph to estimate the height of the cake obtained. Answer:
d = 42cm log d = 1.623 log h = 1.140 h = 13.80cm

3) Best Bakery has been requested to decorate the cake with fresh cream. The thickness of the cream is normally set to a uniform layer of about 1cm. (a)Estimate the amount of fresh cream required to decorate the cake using the dimensions that you have suggested in 2(b)(ii). Answer:
h = 8cm, d = 54.99cm

Amount of fresh cream = VOLUME of fresh cream needed (area x height) Amount of fresh cream = Vol. of cream at the top surface + Vol. of cream at the side surface

Vol. of cream at the top surface = Area of top surface x Height of cream

= (3.142)(

) x 1

= 2375 cm Vol. of cream at the side surface = Area of side surface x Height of cream = (Circumference of cake x Height of cake) x Height of cream = 2(3.142)(54.99/2)(8) x 1 = 1382.23 cm Therefore, amount of fresh cream = 2375 + 1382.23 = 3757.23 cm

(b)Suggest three other shapes for cake, that will have the same height and volume as those suggested in 2(b)(ii). Estimate the amount of fresh cream to be used on each of the cakes. Answer:
1 Rectangle-shaped base (cuboid)

19000 = base area x height

base area = length x width = 2375 By trial and improvement, 2375 = 50 x 47.5 (length = 50, width = 47.5, height = 8)

Therefore, volume of cream : = 2(Area of left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + 2(Area of front/back side surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface = 2(8 x 50)(1) + 2(8 x 47.5)(1) + 2375 = 3935 cm

2 Triangle-shaped base

19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 x length x width = 2375 length x width = 4750 By trial and improvement, 4750 = 95 x 50 (length = 95, width = 50) Slant length of triangle = (95 + 25)= 98.23

Therefore, amount of cream: = Area of rectangular front side surface(Height of cream) + 2(Area of slant rectangular left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface = (50 x 8)(1) + 2(98.23 x 8)(1) + 2375 = 4346.68 cm

3 Pentagon-shaped base

19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 = area of 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagon Therefore: 2375 = 5(length x width) 475 = length x width By trial and improvement, 475 = 25 x 19 (length = 25, width = 19) Therefore, amount of cream = 5(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) + vol. of top surface = 5(8 x 19) + 2375 = 3135 cm

(c) Based on the values that you have found which shape requires the least amount of fresh cream to be used? Answer:
Pentagon-shaped cake since it requires only 3135 cm of cream to be used.

Part III

Find the dimension of a 5 kg round cake that requires the minimum amount of fresh cream todecorate. Use at least two different methods including Calculus.State whether you would choose to bake a cake of such dimensions. Give reasons for youranswers. Answer:
Method 1: Differentiation Use two equations for this method: the formula for volume of cake (as in Q2/a), and the formula for amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake (as in Q3/a). 19000 = (3.142)rh (1) V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)rh (2)

From (1): h = Sub. (3) into (2):

(3)

V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)r( V = (3.142)r +

) )

V = (3.142)r + 38000r-1

) = 2(3.142)r ( (

) ) -->> minimum value, therefore

= 0

0 = 2(3.142)r

= 2(3.142)r

= r

6047.104 = r r = 18.22 Sub. r = 18.22 into (3):

h = h = 18.22 Therefore: h = 18.22cm d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44cm

Method 2: Quadratic Functions Use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of cream is the main equation used as the quadratic function. Let f(r) = volume of cream, r = radius of round cake: 19000 = (3.142)rh (1) f(r) = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)hr (2) From (2): f(r) = (3.142)(r + 2hr) -->> factorize (3.142) = (3.142)[ (r + ) ( ) ] -->> completing square,

a = (3.142), b = 2h c = 0

= (3.142)[ (r + h) h ]

= (3.142)(r + h) (3.142)h (a = (3.142) (positive indicates min. value), min. value = f(r) = (3.142)h, corresponding value of x = r = --h) Sub. r = --h into (1): 19000 = (3.142)(--h)h h = 6047.104 h = 18.22 Sub. h = 18.22 into (1): 19000 = (3.142)r(18.22) r = 331.894 r = 18.22 Therefore: h = 18.22 cm d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44 cm I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions because its dimensions are not suitable (the height is too high) and therefore less attractive. Furthermore, such cakes are difficult to handle easily.

FURTHER EXPLORATION
Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake for Merdeka Day celebration, as shown in Diagram 2.

The height of each cake is 6.0 cm and the radius of the largest cake is 31.0 cm. The radius of the second cake is 10% less than the radius of the first cake, the radius of the third cake is10% less than the radius of the second cake and so on. (a) Find the volume of the first, the second, the third and the fourth cakes. By comparingall these values, determine whether the volumes of the cakes form a number pattern?Explain and elaborate on the number patterns. Answer:
height, h of each cake = 6cm radius of largest cake = 31cm radius of 2nd cake = 10% smaller than 1st cake radius of 3rd cake = 10% smaller than 2nd cake

31, 27.9, 25.11, 22.599 a = 31, r = V = (3.142)rh Radius Radius Radius Radius of of of of 1st 2nd 3rd 4th cake cake cake cake = = = = 31, volume of 1st cake = (3.142)(31)(6) = 18116.772 27.9, vol. of 2nd cake = 14674.585 25.11, vol. of 3rd cake = 11886.414 22.599, vol. of 4th cake = 9627.995

18116.772, 14674.585, 11886.414, 9627.995, a = 18116.772, ratio, r = T2/T1 = T3 /T2 = = 0.81 (b) If the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg, calculate the maximumnumber of cakes that the bakery needs to bake. Verify your answer using other methods.

Answer:

Sn = Sn = 57000, a = 18116.772 and r = 0.81

57000 = 1 0.81n = 0.59779 0.40221 = 0.81n log0.81 0.40221 = n

n = n = 4.322 Therefore: n 4

REFLECTION In the making of this project, I have spent countless hours doing this project.I realized that this subject is a compulsory to me. Without it, I cant fulfill my big dreams and wishes. I used to hate Additional Mathematics It always makes me wonder why this subject is so difficult I always tried to love every part of it It always an absolute obstacle for me Throughout day and night I sacrificed my precious time to have fun From.. Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday And even the weekend that I always looking forward to

I LOVE YOU ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

From now on, I will do my best on every second that I will learn Additional Mathematics.

CONCLUSION
In the process of solving the problems and calculations given, we need to use the suitable formulas from any appropriate topics of additional mathematics. In this project, the differentiation method, integration method, completing of square method had been used to find the value needed.